Ball Grid Array Integrated Circuit Package That Has Vias Located Within the Solder Pads of a Package

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a ball grid array integrated circuit package.

2. Description of Related Art

Integrated circuits are typically housed within a plastic or ceramic package. Some integrated circuit packages contain a plurality of pins that extended from the package and are soldered to corresponding plated through holes in a printed circuit board. The plated through holes reduce the amount of routing space within the circuit board. Integrated circuits are typically designed to provide more digital signal inputs and outputs (I/O), which require additional routing within the printed circuit board. More electrical routing traces typically required additional layers or thinner trace line widths. Both solutions increase the cost of manufacturing a printed circuit board.

There has been developed electronic package assemblies which mount the integrated circuit package to the surface of the printed circuit board. The integrated circuit package has a number of pins or solder pads that are soldered to corresponding surface pads of the printed circuit board. The integrated circuit package is typically soldered to the printed circuit board by solder paste that is screened onto the surface pads before the package is mounted to the board. Surface mounted integrated circuit packages are typically constructed from co-fired ceramic or molded plastic material.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,278 issued to Lin et al. discloses a surface mounted package commonly referred to as a ball grid array (BGA). BGA packages are typically constructed with a substrate that supports the integrated circuit and which is constructed with conventional printed circuit board processes. The surface of the substrate opposite from the integrated circuit contains a plurality of solder pads. After the integrated circuit is mounted and attached to the substrate (and typically enclosed with an encapsulant) a solder ball is placed onto each solder pad. The solder balls are then heated and reflowed to attach the balls to the pads. The solder balls are then subsequently soldered to a printed circuit board to attach the package to the board. A pattern of solder mask is typically placed onto the surface of the substrate to prevent undesirable cross-wicking of solder between solder pads. To allow the solder balls to become attached to the solder pads, the solder mask has a plurality of openings located concentrically with the pads. The solder mask openings have a diameter that is less than the diameter of the solder pads.

As shown in FIG. 1, existing BGA packages have vias 2 that interconnect the solder pads 4 with the opposite side of the substrate. The vias 2 are separated from the solder pads 4 in a "dogbone" configuration. The bottom surface of the package has a layer of solder mask 6. A discussed in the Lin patent, the vias are separated from the solder pads so that solder does not flow into the vias.

By separating the vias from the solder pads, the dogbone configuration creates a less than optimal trace pattern which occupies valuable routing space on the surface of the substrate. It would be desirable to have a BGA package substrate that provides more routing space than substrates of the prior art. It would also be desirable to provide an efficient solder pad which maximizes routing space while providing a sufficient peel strength.

The present invention is a ball grid array (BGA) integrated circuit package which has a plurality of elliptically shaped solder pads located on a bottom surface of a package substrate. The bottom surface also has a solder mask which contains a number of holes that expose the solder pads. The holes allow solder balls to be attached to the solder pads. The solder balls can be reflowed to attach the package to a printed circuit board. The elliptical shaped solder pads have a width that is smaller than the length of the pads. The narrow pad portions provide additional routing space for the bottom surface of the package. The solder mask hole diameters are less than the lengths of the solder pads so that portions of the pads are anchored by the maskant material. The anchored portions increase the peel strength of the pads.

The objects and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reviewing the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a bottom view of an integrated circuit package of the prior art showing a "dogbone" solder pad configuration;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ball grid array package of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the package;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a substrate of the package;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the substrate;

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the package;

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the package.

Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, FIGS. 2 and 3 show an integrated circuit package 10 of the present invention. The package 10 is typically soldered to an external printed circuit board 12. The package 10 contains a substrate 14 which has a first surface 16 and an opposite second surface 18. The substrate 14 contains both dielectric and conductive material which route electrical power and signals across and through the substrate. The substrate 14 has a center dielectric layer constructed from a flexible polyimide or a rigid epoxy material. The first 16 and second 18 surfaces of the substrate 14 have layers of copper that are etched into desired routing and bus patterns.

The first surface 16 of the substrate 14 has a plurality of solder pads 20. The second surface 18 of the substrate 14 has a plurality of bonding pads 22. The bonding pads 22 are connected to an integrated circuit 24 that is mounted to the substrate 14. The pads 22 and integrated circuit 24 are typically connected by bonding wires 26. Although bonding wires 26 are shown and described, it is to be understood that the components 22 and 24 can be connected by other means such as a tape automated bonding (TAB) tape. Additionally, although an integrated circuit is shown and described, it is to be understood that the package may contain any passive or active electrical device. The integrated circuit 24 and second surface 18 of the substrate 14 are typically covered with a outer shell 28. The shell 28 may be an epoxy or a plastic molded after the integrated circuit is mounted and attached to the substrate 14.

As shown in FIG. 4, the bonding pads 22 are connected to the solder pads 20 by vias 30. The vias 30 terminate within the area of the solder pads 20. Although the vias 30 are shown concentrically located with the pads 22, it is to be understood that the vias 30 may be off-center. As shown in FIG. 3, by placing the vias 30 within the solder pads 20, the substrate 14 of the present invention provides additional routing space on the first surface 16. The routing space allows conductive traces 32 to be routed along the first surface 16 of the substrate 14. This is to be distinguished from prior art BGA packages which separate the vias from the solder pads in a dogbone configuration that occupies more surface area for each pair of solder pads and vias.

Referring to FIG. 4, the vias 30 are typically formed by initially drilling holes into the dielectric material of the substrate and then plating conductive material such as copper into the holes. The formation of the vias 30 typically results in a longitudinal channel 34 through the center of each via 30. Although the board shown in FIG. 4 has external routing layers, it is to be understood that the board may also have internal routing layers.

A solder ball 36 is attached to each solder pad 20 of the substrate 14. The solder balls 36 are typically attached to the solder pads 20, by initially placing a ball onto the pad 20 typically with a vacuum chuck tooling device. The first surface 16 of the substrate 14 is in an upright position so that the solder balls 36 do not fall off of the substrate 14. The solder balls 36 are subsequently heated so that the solder reflows and becomes attached to the solder pads 20. The solder balls 36 are subsequently soldered to corresponding surface pads (not shown) of the printed circuit board 12 to attach the package 10 to the board 12.

To prevent the solder balls 36 from wicking and flowing into the via 30, a solder mask plug 38 is created within the longitudinal channels 32. The solder mask plug 38 can be created by applying a layer of solder mask 40 to the second surface 18 of the substrate 14. In the uncured state, the solder mask is fluid so that a portion of the mask material flows into the channels 34 of the vias 30. Openings (not shown) are formed in the mask 40 to allow the bonding pads 22 to become attached to the integrated circuit 24.

To prevent cross-wicking of solder between the solder pads 20, the first surface 16 of the substrate 14 may have a layer of solder mask 42. As shown in FIG. 3, the solder mask 42 has a plurality of openings 44 that allow the solder balls 36 to wick onto the solder pads 20. The openings 44 typically have a diameter larger than the diameter of the solder pads 20. The smaller diameter solder pads 20 also provides additional routing space on the first surface 16 of the substrate 14.

FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of a multilayered substrate 50 has internal conductive layers 52 that increase the routing density of the substrate 50. One of the internal layers 52 may be connected to a "blind" via 54 that terminates into the solder pad 20. The internal layer 52 may also be connected to a second via 56 that is connected to a bonding pad of the substrate 50. The blind vias 54 terminate within the solder pads to optimize the routing space on the first surface of the substrate. The via 54 may have a resin plug 58 located therein.

FIG. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of a package that has elliptical shaped solder pads 20'. The elliptical shaped pads 20' have a width W that is less than a length L of the pads. The narrower width provides more routing space between the solder pads. The additional routing space allows more conductive traces 32 to be routed along the first surface 16 of the substrate 14.

The solder mask openings 44 have a diameter that is less than the length of the elliptical shaped solder pads 20'. In the preferred embodiment, each opening 44 has a diameter that is approximately equal to the width of each elliptical pad 20'. Portions of the solder pads 20' are covered by the solder mask 42. The maskant material provides additional structural support for the solder pads 20' to increase the peel strength of the pads 20'. The vias 30 can be located at the center of the solder pads 20', or at a location that is offset from the center of the solder pads 20', either exposed by the solder mask opening 44, or beneath the solder mask 42 as shown in FIG. 7.

While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art.