US 5,682,385 AGrant
Enhancement for a Multiplexing Telecommunications Interface
Issue Date:1997-10-28
•5 Claims
•4 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A system for use by a multiplexing telecommunications interface that allows the interface to communicate with a larger variety of digital subscriber loop protocols, such as ISDN. For example, a remote terminal may include common equipment that allocates a limited bandwidth to particular channel cards. Such channel cards control the flow of information between a digital subscriber loop and a digital transmission facility. If the bandwidth allocated to a particular channel card is insufficient, a provisioning channel card may be used which will signal the common equipment that it exists and should be allocated to a bandwidth. However, the provisioning channel card will effectively provide its bandwidth to at least one other channel card, which will use the additional bandwidth to meet the requirements of a particular protocol, such as ISDN.
Metadata
Assignee
- Teltrend Inc.
Inventors
- Frank X. Garcia
- Donald Koch
Application Information
Application Number:US 5330785
Filing Date:1995-09-25
Priority Date:1995-09-25
Art Unit:263
Classifications
IPC:
H04J 302
Field of Search:
37037985.1;85.12;94.1;94.3;95.1;95.2;95.3;60;60.1;61;241;245;247;248;251;252;254 ;389;401;402;405;407;408;421;423;425;522;524;904;908;916;535;537;541;264 ;441;443;444;447;449-450;458;459;461;46293-96
Patent Drawings (4 sheets)
Description
Copyright
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
Background of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an interface for use in a telecommunications network. More particularly, the invention relates to an enhancement for a multiplexing telecommunication interface that allows the interface to more conveniently interconnect with a greater variety of other transmission systems, such as a Digital Subscriber Loop ("DSL") that utilizes an Integrated Services Digital Network ("ISDN") format.
Many digital telecommunication transmission facilities include a central office, which transmits data, or "payload," signals over digital transmission lines. The payload is sent by the central office, via transmission lines and a series of regenerative repeaters, to a digital subscriber loop and, thereafter, to the customer premises equipment. Conversely, payload is also sent from the customer premises equipment, via a digital subscriber loop and the transmission lines and repeaters, back to the central office.
The digital transmission lines, within the Bell telephone system in the United States, for example, often utilize Digital ("D") multiplexing pulse code modulation. A "D" channel bank, for example, commonly provides multiple DS-1 signals that are carried on a T-1 transmission system. Each T-1 line carries 24 full duplex channels on two pairs of exchange grade cables. One pair of cables is provided for each direction of transmission. For background information on digital transmission lines, see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,149, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Different DSLs may utilize a variety of different formats to carry payload to and from the customer premises, such as, for example, POTS ("Plain Old Telephone Service") and SPOTS ("Special Plain Old Telephone Service"). An increasing number of customers, or subscribers, are requesting service in an ISDN format.
A digital transmission line and a variety of different DSLs may terminate at a remote terminal. The remote terminal demultiplexes the payload from the digital transmission line onto the different DSLs and, conversely, multiplexes payload from the different DSLs onto the digital transmission line. Similarly, the central office may include a terminal that functions, in many respects, like the remote terminal, in that it is a multiplexing and demultiplexing interface between a digital transmission line and a variety of other, lower-capacity, digital lines.
Many of the remote terminals or central office terminals include a common controller. The common controller effectively supervises the multiplexing and demultiplexing functions of the equipment.
Many of the presently existing terminals, such as AT&T's SLC-5.RTM., "Digital Loop Carrier System," have common controllers that were designed before the demand for ISDN service was as it is now. Accordingly, many common controllers, without modification, are not configured to meet the special requirements for ISDN transmissions. In particular, DLCs carrying ISDN payload require B1, B2, and D service. A single DSL thus requires the allocation of three different payload channels.
Many common controllers are not configured to allow more than two payload channels to be allocated to a single DSL. Accordingly, up until now, without physically modifying the common controller of the terminal, it has proved difficult to have the common controller allocate B1, B2, and D channels to any one DSL. If a customer requested ISDN service, the telephone company often had to physically replace at least part of the common controller with a new unit that was specifically configured to allow a single DSL to utilize three different payload channels.
Thus, to accommodate the special demands of ISDN service, the telephone company was often required to undertake the expense and effort of purchasing and installing a new common controller for a terminal. This was substantially the case, even if only one customer serviced by the terminal had requested the ISDN service.
Moreover, the replacement of such a common controller often requires the physical removal of the existing printed circuit boards, or cards, physically adjusting, or "optioning," new cards, and installing the new cards. Such a procedure can take an technician an hour or more. Accordingly, the service normally provided by the terminal may be interrupted for a substantial period of time. Such an extended disruption of telephone service often provides substantial inconvenience to the telephone companies and their customers.
Thus, the costs of purchasing and installing new common controllers, as well as the interruption of telephone service to those who are exclusively serviced by the relevant terminal, can be a substantial annoyance. This is particularly true where new common controllers must be installed because only one customer (or a limited number of customers) served by the terminal have requested ISDN service.
Summary of the Invention
In the principal aspect, the present invention is a provisioning channel card for telecommunications interface. The interface multiplexes digital data along a bus, such as a digital transmission facility. The interface includes common equipment, such as a common controller. The interface also includes a plurality of channel card slots for receiving channel cards, which transport payload to and from the digital transmission facility. The interface allocates a channel on the bus to a particular channel card, however, only upon sending a query to the particular card and responsively receiving the proper acknowledgement from the card.
The provisioning channel card includes a base that interconnects to one of the channel card slots in the telecommunications interface, as well as an acknowledger for receiving the query from the common equipment and responsively providing the proper acknowledgement. However, the provisioning channel card substantially utilizes none of the channel or time slots that are allocated to it by the common controller. Rather, it advises at least one or more other channel cards that the time slot or channel allocated to it by the common controller may be utilized by such other channel cards.
Thus, an object of the present invention is an improved channel provisioning card that allows interface equipment to interconnect more easily to a greater variety of Subscriber Loop ("SL") formats, such as ISDN. Another object is a provisioning card that allows a terminal to utilize a greater variety of SL formats, such as ISDN, without requiring substantial hardware modification of the common equipment or the disruption of the telephone service provided by the interface. Yet another objective is a more convenient and less expensive method of allowing interface terminals to offer ISDN service. These objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are discussed or are apparent in the following detailed description.
Brief Description of the Drawings
A preferred embodiment of the present invention as described herein, with reference to the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a telephone company central office interconnected to customer premises equipment;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an exemplary remote terminal shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of the remote terminal shown in FIG. 1, taken the along the line 3--3;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an allocation of communication channels among three channel cards in the remote terminal shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a more detailed diagram showing an allocation of payload among three channel cards in the remote terminal shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing three channel cards interconnected to the common equipment in the remote terminal shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a tri-group of cards in the remote terminal shown in FIG. 2.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring to FIGS. 1-7, the preferred embodiment is a system 10 for enhancing a multiplexing telecommunications interface. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 10 is utilized with an ISDN central office 12 interconnected to customer premises equipment 14 via a digital transmission facility 16 and remote terminal 18. The digital transmission facility 16 may include a four wire transmission system, such as a T1 line or another type of digital transmission line.
The ISDN central office 12 includes a central office terminal 20, as well as a variety of line termination units 22, 24, 26. The exemplary line termination unit 22 is interconnected to the central office terminal 20 via a digital line 28. The central office terminal 20 includes a line unit network termination 30.
The remote terminal 18 also includes a line unit line termination 32, which is interconnected to the customer premises equipment 14 via a subscriber loop ("SL") 34. Other customer premises equipment is also serviced by the remote terminal 18. In the preferred embodiment, the subscriber loop 34 is a Digital Subscriber Loop ("DSL"), carrying payload in an ISDN format.
For purposes of illustration only, the present system 10 is explained as it exists and operates in the remote terminal 18. It must be understood, of course, that the system 10 may also be used in the central office terminal 20.
The customer premises equipment 14, in the example shown in FIG. 1, includes an network terminator 40, which is an interface between the DSL 34 and both an ISDN telephone 42 and an ISDN terminal adaptor 44. The adaptor 44 allows different types of digital equipment, such as a personal computer, to communicate over the ISDN DSL 34.
There appears to be an increasing demand in the United States for DSLs that will support the ISDN format. The ISDN format generally requires, as known by those of ordinary skill in the art, B1, B2, and D+ channels, thus providing for transmission of data on two channels (B1 and B2) at 64 kilobits per second, and one channel (D+) at 16 kilobits per second, for a total payload transmission rate of 144 kilobits per second. An additional 16 kilobits of data per second may be utilized as overhead to control the transmission of data.
The remote terminal 18 demultiplexes data from a variety of to different channels onto the digital transmission facility 16 and multiplexes data from the digital transmission facility 16 to the different channels. One or two channels may be allocated to a particular SL interconnected to the remote terminal 18.
The remote terminal 18, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 6, and 7, includes a rack 46 for receiving a variety of cards 48 and common equipment 50. Such cards 48 include channel cards 52, which typically control the flow of payload between the digital transmission facility 16 and a particular DSL. The common equipment 50 includes a backplane 54, which allows communication between the cards 48, as well as a common controller 56 found on a series of cards 58. The common controller 56 supervises the operation of the channel cards 52 and includes a common control unit 60 and a bank controller unit 62.
The line unit line termination 32 in the remote terminal 18, which may be considered as part of the common equipment 50, includes a transmit-receive unit 64 and a line unit 66. The backplane 54 includes a Bank Controller link 68 and a Pulse Code Modulation ("PCM") channel or "bus" 70.
The bank controller unit 62 is an interface between the channel cards 52 and the common control unit 60, which regulates the operation of the channel cards 52. The bank controller unit 62 and channel cards 52 communicate to each other via the backplane 54.
FIG. 3 demonstrates three exemplary channel cards 81, 82, 83 plugged into three channel card slots 77, 78, 79 via edge connectors 84, 86, 88. Accordingly, the backplane 54 allows communication between the cards 48, as shown in FIG. 6.
As discussed above, many bank controller units have hardware that is generally not designed to allow channel cards to communicate to the customer premises using ISDN format. The cards corresponding to such bank controller units must be physically removed from the remote terminal, and new bank controller cards must be optioned and put in the place of the old cards. This, of course, may cause an interruption of DSL service by all of the channel cards in the remote terminal that rely upon the bank controller unit in order to operate.
For example, the AT&T SLC-5.RTM. "Digital Loop Carrier System" has a variety of physical channel card slots, and each slot may be allocated two communication channels. In some applications, however, such as for an ISDN DSL, more than two channels must be allocated to a single, physical slot.
In addition to supervising the operation of the channel cards 52, the common controller 56 also ensures, for example, that if no channel unit card has been inserted into a particular slot, no communication channels will be allocate to that slot or any channel card associated with that slot. Typically, the bank controller unit 62 sends a query signal, via the bank control link 68, to each channel card slot. A proper channel card will receive the query and responsively provide an acknowledgment signal, via the bank controller link 68, to bank controller unit 62.
The common controller 56 may then allocate up to two channels to the particular slot and channel card that provided the proper acknowledgment signal. Generally, the channel card would then use the allocated channels to communicate, via the PCM channel, to the transmit-receive unit 64 and, thus, both the digital transmission facility 16 and the DSL 34.
The present system 10 allows such a remote terminal to offer ISDN services, without employing a common controller hardware upgrade. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, with the system 10, a provisioning channel card 72 is plugged into a slot 74 in the remote terminal 18 that is immediately to the right of two other, conventional channel card slots 76, 78. The slots 76, 78 are interconnected to conventional ISDN channel cards 80, 82, which communicate with both the bank control link 68 and PCM channel 70.
Most conventional channel cards interact with both the PCM channel or "bus" 70 and the bank control link 68. In the preferred system 10, however, the provisioning channel card 72 only interacts with the bank control link 68 (and bank controller unit 62). The bank controller unit 62 provides a query to the provisioning channel card 72 and receives a proper acknowledgment signal that the card 72 is a POTS card, requiring two communication channels. The bank controller unit 62 is satisfied that the card 72 is a proper channel card in the slot 74 and allocates two channels to the card 72. The card 72, however, substantially does not use the two channels allocated to it. Rather, these channels may be used by one or more of the other cards 80, 82.
With the exemplary system 10, the three channel cards 72, 80, 82 may be considered as a tri-group 85: the two left-most cards 80, 82 ("first and second cards") are ISDN channel cards; the card on the right of the tri-group 84 is the provisioning channel card 72. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the provisioning channel card does not use allocated channels. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the first channel card 80 utilizes the two channels allocated to it (for B1 and B2) and one of the two channels allocated to the second channel card 82 (for D+). The second channel card 82 utilizes one of the two channels allocated to it (for B1) and the two channels allocated to the provisioning channel card 72 (for B2 and D+). The provisioning channel card 72 may advise the other two channel cards 80, 82 in the tri-group 85 that its channel allocation is available to them.
Thus, contrary to common practice in the field, a channel card 72 is inserted into the remote terminal 18, the channel card 72 provides an acknowledgment to the common controller 56 in the common equipment 50 that it exists, but the channel card 72 provides substantially no payload to the communication channels allocated to it by the common controller 56. In effect, the channel card 72 "spoofs" the common controller 56 into effectively believing that it is, for example, a POTS card. Rather than actually using the channel or bandwidth allocated to it by the common controller 56, the card effectively "gives" the bandwidth allocated to it to the other cards 80, 82 in its tri-group 85, so that they may communicate to the customer premises equipment 14 using, for example, an ISDN format.
Consequently, a technician does not need to option and replace some of the cards 58 that make up the common controller 56 with other cards that are designed to accommodate ISDN service. This is particularly welcome where only a small percentage of the channel cards 52 in the remote terminal 18 need to provide ISDN service. Thus, the telephone service for a substantial number of customers need not be cut off in order to provide ISDN service to those who request it.
As shown in FIG. 5, the common controller 56 allocates two 8-bit segments of payload to each of the three cards 72, 80, 82 in the tri-group 85. These are represented by the segments 87, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96. The first and second channel cards 80, 82, however, each utilize three segments, or 24 payload bits, since the provisioning channel card 72 does not transfer payload.
Each of the three channel cards 72, 80, 82 include a processor 98, 100, 102. In the preferred embodiment, each is an Intel 8031 processor. The processors 98-102 provide messages to and from the common controller 56, so that the allocation of payload may be accomplished as previously described. Software routines employed by each of the processors 98-102 to identify themselves to the common controller 56 are shown below.
Although the forgoing description of the preferred embodiment will enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the same, the following detailed source code listing for the processors is included. The listing provides detailed information concerning the programming and the operation of the overall system. Additional detailed features of the system will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from reviewing the program. ##SPC1##
A preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described herein. It is to be understood, of course, that changes and modifications may be made in the embodiment without departing from the true scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
We claim:
1. A provisioning channel card for a telecommunications interface, said telecommunications interface multiplexing digital data along a bus, said telecommunications interface including common equipment and a plurality of channel card slots for receiving channel cards, said telecommunications interface allocating a channel on said bus to a particular channel card only upon receiving an acknowledgement from said particular channel card in response to query from said common equipment, comprising, in combination: a base for interconnecting to one of said channel card slots in said telecommunications interface; acknowledgement means for receiving said query from said common equipment and responsively providing said acknowledgement to said common equipment; and advising means for advising at least one other of said channel cards that a channel on said bus allocated to said provisioning channel card usable by said one other of said channel card.
2. A provisioning channel card, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said telecommunications interface includes at least first and second other channel cards and said provisioning channel card, together with said first and second channel cards, comprises a tri-group of cards.
3. A provisioning card, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second other channel cards transfer data formatted for an Integrated Services Digital Network and each requires B1, B2, and D service.
4. A provisioning channel card for a telecommunications interface, said telecommunications interface multiplexing digital data along a bus, said telecommunications interface including common equipment and at least three channel unit card slots for receiving at least first and second channel cards and said provisioning channel card, said telecommunications interface allocating a channel on said bus to a particular channel card only upon receiving an acknowledgement from said particular channel card in response to a query from said common equipment, said first and second channel cards providing Integrated Services Digital Network service and requiring B1, B2, and D+, said common equipment allocating a payload channel to each of said channel cards and said payload channel comprising two 8-bit segments, said provisioning channel card comprising in combination: a base for interconnecting to one of said channel card slots in said telecommunications interface; acknowledgement means for receiving said query from said common equipment and responsively providing said acknowledgement to said common control; and advising means for advising said first and second channel cards that said two 8-bit segments allocated by said common equipment to said provisioning channel card may be utilized by said other channel cards, wherein said first channel card utilizes two segments allocated to said first channel card and one of said segments allocated to said second channel card, said second channel card utilizes one of said segments allocated to said second channel card and two of said segments allocated to said provisioning channel card, and said provisioning channel card substantially provides no payload to said bus.
5. A telecommunications interface for multiplexing digital data along a bus, comprising, in combination: a plurality of channel card slots for receiving channel cards; at least one channel card for payload interconnected to one of said channel card slots; a provisioning channel card for interconnecting to one of said channel card slots; a common control for issuing a query to said channel cards and allocating a channel on said bus to a particular channel card only upon receiving an acknowledgement from said particular channel card in response to said query; acknowledgement means, on said provisioning channel card, for receiving said query from said common control and responsively providing said acknowledgement to said common control; and advising means, on said provisioning channel card, for advising said one channel card for payload that a channel on said bus allocated to said provisioning card is usable by said one channel card for payload.
Patent Citations (1)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5151896 | 1992-09-01 | Bowman et al. |