US 5,672,845 AGrant
Local Distribution Utility Center for a Raised Floor
Issue Date:1997-09-30
•17 Claims
•9 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A utility center is provided for use in combination with a raised floor for accommodating data and telecommunications wiring in an area between the raised floor and a supporting subfloor. The utility center includes an enclosure having a base, and an access opening formed in the base for receiving wiring from a communications wiring closet, and for delivering wiring to at least one work station of a work group. A distribution panel support is carried in the enclosure. A distribution panel is carried by the distribution panel support in vertically spaced relation above the access opening for operatively interconnecting wiring of the wiring closet and the communications equipment of the at least one work station. A distribution panel adjustment assembly cooperates with the distribution panel support for adjusting the horizontal orientation of the distribution panel above the access opening of the base.
Metadata
Inventors
- Sherwood S. Greenfield
- Kevin J. Voll
Application Information
Application Number:US 629295&
Filing Date:1996-04-08
Priority Date:1994-12-22
Art Unit:219
Classifications
IPC:
H02G 308
Field of Search:
31224821152174223.1;223.6;312;32190626;103220.1;220.548;50;57;59;60;63;17 R
Patent Drawings (9 sheets)
Description
Technical Field and Background of the Invention
The invention relates to a local distribution utility center for a raised floor, and method of providing communications services to a work group. The invention is especially applicable to communications wiring for servicing data and telecommunications equipment of a centralized office work group. Such equipment typically includes a telephone, FAX machine, modem or central computer connection, printer connection, and/or local area network. The work group may include any number of persons with common needs and interests, and who are located in relatively close proximity to each other in an office. For example, the work group may include 8 to 12 work stations assigned to work collectively on a particular project.
Since the location and equipment needs of the work group are generally temporary and often changing, there has developed a need in the industry for a wiring system which will readily accommodate the addition of work stations to the work group, added equipment, relocation, and other changes. In the past, accommodating such changes meant abandoning old wiring, rewiring with new wiring, clogged and unusable wiring pathways, and a considerable amount of labor and cost. Moreover, since each manufacturer's office equipment typically had its own proprietary wiring scheme, switching from one manufacturer to another generally required a complete rewiring of all affected work stations.
In response to these concerns and other developments in the industry, the concept of "structured wiring" emerged. Basically, structured wiring means that the wiring of every work station follows a fixed plan. The three basic characteristics of structured wiring include:
(1) It is application-independent.
(2) Every work station is wired the same.
(3) All work stations are star-wired to a central distribution point, such as a main wiring closet.
An "application-independent" wiring system enables the wiring system to handle all communication services and equipment that the office worker may need over the life of the wiring. In theory, re-wiring should never be needed in a structured system, since the wiring is already in place to accommodate any service combination. Workers are thereby free to move work stations throughout the work place without extensive labor and cost.
Star-wiring the work stations enables quick and efficient relocation and other work station changes, since all service switching can be done at one distribution point, or at the most, several distribution points if the changes encompass several star-wired zones. Star-wiring also makes it easier to access and troubleshoot the wiring of a data network from one central location. Moreover, new services can be easily added and connected into the system. Most new network equipment has already been designed to drop into a star-wired topology.
Because of standardization of wiring in the industry and the acceptance of wiring standardization by communications equipment manufacturers, structured wiring has developed into a convenient and workable system. Standardization began with the 1991 release of the EIA/TIA 568 "Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard". In addition to standardizing the types and specifications of wiring components, the EIA/TIA Standard set guidelines around which most of today's structured wiring systems have been designed. The Standard describes a simple horizontal system that connects to the network backbone wiring or data equipment in a wiring closet, and consists of individual cable runs from the closet to each work station outlet port. FIG. 7 shows how this conventional system would apply to a typical cluster of eight offices.
Problems With Conventional Structured Wiring
While the EIA/TIA Standard and the structured wiring concept go a long way toward solving many of the wiring problems of the past, much of the industry has interpreted the Standard too rigidly and failed to recognize the full potential of this system. One of the more common misunderstandings is that the Standard requires "dedicated" cable runs from the wiring closet to each work station outlet port for each communications service.
Although dedicated wiring may be sufficient for a single telephone and a single data service per work station, in today's office environment workers generally require many additional services. For example, a modern work station may be wired for telephone, FAX, modem or central computer connection, printer connection, and a local area network. The typical work station needs anywhere from three to six service connections per desk.
With dedicated wiring, every work station is wired with individual cable runs from the wiring closet to the work station for each of the desired services. An extremely large number of cable runs are thus required to accommodate one or more work groups in a given area. As shown in FIG. 7, each line represents a bundle of three to six cables. In order to distribute the cables about the floor of the office, considerable space must be available in cable trays, conduits, or pathways that lead from the wiring closet to the work stations. In an existing building, this space is generally not available.
Terminating all of these cable runs into one small wiring closet can also be a problem. All of the cables must be terminated to distribution panels that patch over to other distributions panels. In order to realize the advantages of a star-wired configuration, the mounting of panels and the routing of patch cables must allow easy access for troubleshooting and the administration of future moves or additions. A growing variety of network concentrators, file servers, controllers, and other communications equipment must also be mounted somewhere in the room, again with access for maintenance. The heat build-up from the equipment must be dissipated.
Again, this requires space which may not exist in a previously wired building. Even in a new building, unl, s it was designed with the foresight and commitment to dedicate valuable floor space to a relatively large and spacious wiring closet, chances are that the closet is still inadequate, or will soon become inadequate.
In addition, long cable runs and crowded wiring closets can limit the capability of the wiring to handle high speed data. Network equipment designers continually design around signal loss and electronic noise build-up. Long cable runs attenuate signals and hamper the ability of the receiving equipment to correctly discriminate the signal from background noise. Moreover, commonly used unshielded cabling is more vulnerable to noise than shielded cabling. Crowded wiring closets add to the problem, since the build-up of electrical fields radiating from closely-packed wiring and equipment can also cause interference.
Thus, in an open office environment where work stations are intentionally non-permanent, the problems of how to effectively interface long, fixed cable runs with movable work stations, and how to avoid extensive wiring rerouting or waste when the work stations are moved must be addressed and resolved.
The Local Distribution Alternative
The present invention addresses the above problems of standard wiring, and serves the needs of a modern work group through the concept of local distribution. The invention is applicable in combination with a raised floor, such as that disclosed in the Applicant's issued patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,571. The complete disclosure of this patent is incorporated by reference herein.
According to the invention, all of the panels and equipment associated with a work group are condensed into a single local distribution utility center located on the floor near the work group. FIG. 8 shows the same office cluster illustrated in FIG. 7, but wired using local distribution.
The invention frees up considerable space in the wiring closet, and drastically shortens the cable runs to the work stations, thereby gaining valuable performance margin for high speed applications. The invention reduces the amount and cost of the work station cabling, and adds flexibility to the work group to locally administer moves or changes. Moreover, with short interconnections between work stations and distribution center, moving work stations is made easier with minimum disruption and cable rerouting. The work group can readily track down local network problems, and isolate itself from other network problems if necessary.
Summary of the Invention
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a utility center for use in a local distribution wiring system.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which permits easy relocation of work stations within an office environment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which is relatively small, lightweight, and easy to move.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which allows added space in the wiring closet, and shortens cable runs to the work stations of the work group.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which increases performance margin for high speed applications in communications services.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which reduces the amount and cost of the work station cabling.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which allows a work group to readily track down local network problems, and to isolate itself from other network problems if necessary.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method of providing communications services to a work group.
It is another object of the invention to provide a utility center which includes ready and convenient means for adjusting the horizontal orientation of a distribution panel within the utility center relative to an access opening in a base of the utility center.
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved in the preferred embodiments disclosed below by providing a utility center for use in combination with a raised floor for accommodating data and telecommunications wiring in an area between the raised floor and a supporting subfloor. The utility center is located intermediate a communications wiring closet and at least one work station of a work group for distributing wiring to communications equipment of the at least one work station. The utility center includes a base positioned on the subfloor. The base includes an access opening therein for receiving wiring from the communications wiring closet, and for delivering wiring from the utility center to the at least one work station of the work group. A vertical support is connected to the base. A distribution panel is carried by the support for operatively interconnecting wiring of the wiring closet and the communications equipment of the at least one work station.
According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the base includes a plurality of legs for vertically spacing the utility center above the supporting subfloor.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the raised floor includes a plurality of floor modules, and the base includes at least one of the floor modules of the raised floor.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, first and second opposing side walls are connected to the base of the utility center.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical support means includes first and second support bars connected to respective side walls of the utility center for carrying the distribution panel means.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, a top wall is connected to the first and second side walls of the utility center.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, front and back walls are connected to the first and second side walls of the utility center for allowing convenient access to the distribution panel means.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, adjustment means are provided for adjusting the horizontal orientation of the distribution panel means above the access opening of the base.
An embodiment of the method according to the invention includes the steps of delivering communications wiring beneath a raised floor from a remote wiring closet to a local distribution utility center positioned on a supporting subfloor. The method further includes the step of delivering distribution wiring from the utility center to the at least one work station of the work group, and operatively interconnecting the communications wiring of the wiring closet and the distribution wiring of the at least one work station to service communications equipment associated with the work group.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Some of the objects of the invention have been set forth above. Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear as the invention proceeds when taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an environmental perspective view of the utility center according to one preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the utility center with the front wall removed to illustrate the distribution panel located within the utility center;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the utility center with the distribution panel and front and back walls removed, and showing the side walls and top wall in phantom to illustrate the interior elements of the utility center;
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the utility center;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the utility center;
FIG. 6 is a back elevational view of the utility center with the back wall and distribution panel removed;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an office cluster wired according to a prior art structured wiring system with dedicated cable runs from the wiring closet to the work stations; and
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the office cluster shown in FIG. 7, but wired according to a local distribution wiring system;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a utility center according to a second embodiment of the invention with walls removed and broken away to shown the interior elements of the utility center; and
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the utility center taken substantially along lines 10--10 of FIG. 9, and with the distribution panel removed from within the utility center.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment and Best Mode
Referring now specifically to the drawings, a local distribution utility center according to the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and shown generally at reference numeral 10. The utility center 10 is used in combination with a raised floor 11, and through distribution cabling 12, interconnects data and telecommunications equipment 14A and 14B with backbone cabling 15 of a remote wiring closet 16. The backbone cabling 15 and distribution cabling 12 run beneath the raised floor 11 in pathways defined by a space between the raised floor 11 and supporting subfloor 17.
As shown in FIG. 1, the backbone cabling 15 extends from the wiring closet 16 to the utility center 10. The utility center 10 is preferably stationed on the floor 11 of the office near a work group.
The "work group" is defined herein as any group of co-workers having common needs and interests, and who are located in relatively close proximity to each other. The members of the group communicate frequently with each other, and typically share the same information. The members are generally connected to the same local area network and file server. They generally use the same types of software, and may even share software on the network. They may also share some of the same equipment, such as printers or plotters. A typical work group may include between 8-12 work stations 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D, and may require as many as 32 to 48 data and telecommunications services 14A and 14B.
To eliminate the long, fixed cable runs of a conventional structured system to each communications service 14A and 14B, the utility center 10 includes a distribution panel 20, shown in FIG. 2, with modular jacks and other communications ports necessary to service all work stations 18A-18D of the work group. The distribution panel 20 is housed directly within the utility center 10, as opposed to the remote wiring closet 16, and may patch into other devices (not shown) located in the utility center 10, such as a backbone interconnection panel, network concentrator, or printer spooler.
The structure of the utility center 10, according to one preferred embodiment, is best illustrated in FIGS. 2-6. The utility center 10 includes a base 22, and first and second side walls 23 and 24 connected to the base 22 to define an enclosure. As is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, respective U-shaped support bars 26 and 27 are attached to the side walls 23 and 24 for engaging the distribution panel 20 to support the distribution panel 20 within the utility center 10. Preferably, the support bars 26 and 27 are attached to a plurality of horizontal ribs 44 located on the interior of each of the side walls 23 and 24. See FIG. 3.
The base 22 includes legs 31, 32, 33, and 34 for being positioned directly on the subfloor 17 of the office to locate the utility center 10 a spaced-apart distance above the subfloor 17. Preferably, the base 22 is dimensioned to form a modular section of the raised floor 11, and to match the structure and appearance of the raised floor 11. Thus, the utility center 10 can be readily moved to any location in the office by simply interchanging a section of the raised floor 11 with the base 22 of the utility center 10. In addition, because the utility center 10 is part of the raised floor 11, it is securely positioned on the floor 11 and will not be easily tipped over or inadvertently moved. According to one embodiment, the raised floor 11 is constructed of an assembly of floor modules substantially identical to the base 22 of the utility center 10, and having continuous top surfaces.
As best shown in FIG. 4, an access opening 35 is formed in the base 22 of the utility center 10 for receiving the backbone cabling 15 of the remote wiring closet 16, and for running the distribution cabling 12 from the utility center 10 to the work stations 18A-18D. As is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the legs 31, 32, 33, and 34 provide an unobstructed area between the subfloor 17 and a top surface of the base 22 for accommodating and receiving wiring through the opening 35 of the base 22, and into the utility center 10. The backbone cabling 15 connects to jacks and other communications ports of the distribution panel 20. According to one embodiment, the backbone cabling 15 connects to a standard medium attachment unit ("MAU") 36 located within the utility center 10, and carried by a housing 38 removably joined to the utility center 10. The MAU housing 38 is preferably formed of a light-weight "Lexan" material.
The utility center 10 further includes front and back walls 41 and 42 and a top wall 43 for enclosing the distribution panel 20. Preferably, the front and back walls 41 and 42 are removable to allow easy access to the distribution panel 20 and MAU 36.
In addition to the distribution panel 20 and MAU 36, the utility center 10 may house any other necessary or desired communications attachment units or patch panels commonly known and used in the industry, and which were previously located in the remote wiring closet 16. Preferably, a utility center 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention has the capacity to service an entire work group with as many as 16 to 48 communications outlet ports.
A further embodiment of a utility center according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 at reference numeral 50. The utility center 50 includes a base 52 with an access opening 52A, and first and second arc-shaped side walls 53 and 54 connected to the base 52. The side walls 53 and 54 cooperate to define an enclosure for carrying a distribution panel 70 therebetween. In yet another embodiment, one or more vertical supports mounted to the base by be used for carrying the distribution panel 70.
The base 52 includes legs 61, 62, 63, and 64 for being positioned directly onto a subfloor, such as a subfloor 17, of an office to locate the utility center 50 a spaced-apart distance above the subfloor, as shown in FIG. 1. The legs 61, 62, 63, and 64 provide an unobstructed area between the subfloor and a top surface of the base 52 for accommodating and receiving wiring through the opening 52A of the base 52, and into the utility center 50. Preferably, the base 52 is dimensioned to form a modular section of a raised floor, such as raised floor 11, and to match the structure and appearance of the raised floor.
The side walls 53 and 54 include top and bottom inwardly-turned flanges 66A, 66B and 67A, 67B, respectively, for carrying spaced-apart angled support bars 68 and 69. The support bars 68 and 69 provide distribution panel support means for holding the distribution panel 55 within the utility center 50.
Preferably, the top and bottom flanges 66A, 66B and 67A, 67B of the side walls 53 and 54 define respective longitudinal slots 71A, 71B and 72A, 72B. The slots 71A, 71B and 72A, 72B cooperate with complementary-threaded bolts "B" and nuts "N" to provide distribution panel adjustment means for adjusting the horizontal orientation of the distribution panel 70 above the access opening 52A of the base 52, as indicated by the direction arrow of FIG. 9. The threaded bolts "B" extend through respective ends of each bar 68 and 69 and the slots 71A, 71B and 72A, 72B of the flanges 66A, 66B and 67A, 67B, and mate with the threaded nuts "N" to secure the attachment of the bars 68 and 69 to the flanges 66A, 66B and 67A, 67B.
In addition, the utility center 50 may include removable front and back walls and a top wall, as described above with reference to the utility center 10. The removable walls preferably include locking means for preventing unauthorized tampering of the cable connections within the utility center.
A local distribution utility center for a raised floor to provide communications services to a work group is described above. Various details of the invention may be changed without departing from its scope. Furthermore, the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is provided for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limitation-the invention being defined by the claims.
Claims
We claim:
1. In combination with a raised floor for accommodating data and telecommunications wiring in an area between the raised floor and a supporting subfloor, a utility center located intermediate a communications wiring closet and at least one work station of a work group for distributing wiring to communications equipment of the at least one work station, said utility center comprising: (a) an enclosure having a base, and an access opening formed in the base for receiving wiring from the communications wiring closet, and for delivering wiring to the at least one work station of the work group; (b) distribution panel support means carried in said enclosure; (c) distribution panel means carried by said distribution panel support means in vertically spaced relation above the access opening for operatively interconnecting wiring of the wiring closet and the communications equipment of the at least one work station; and (d) distribution panel adjustment means cooperating with said distribution panel support means for adjusting a horizontal orientation of said distribution panel means above the access opening of said base.
2. A combination according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure comprises first and second opposing vertical side walls positioned upon a top surface of the base.
3. A combination according to claim 2, wherein each of said first and second vertical side walls is arc-shaped, and includes top and bottom inwardly extending flanges formed thereto.
4. A combination according to claim 3, wherein said distribution panel support means includes first and second spaced-apart support bars secured at respective opposite ends thereof to the top and bottom flanges of the first and second vertical side walls for carrying said distribution panel means.
5. A combination according to claim 4, wherein said distribution panel adjustment means comprises a longitudinal slot defined in each of said top and bottom flanges of the first and second vertical side walls, and connecting means cooperating with the longitudinal slots for adjustably connecting the support bars in a fixed position along a longitudinal length of each of the top and bottom flanges, thereby permitting adjustment of the horizontal orientation of said distribution panel means above the access opening of the base.
6. A combination according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure comprises a top wall connected to first and second vertical side walls thereof.
7. A combination according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure comprises removable front and back walls connected to first and second vertical side walls for allowing convenient access to said distribution panel means.
8. A combination according to claim 1, wherein said enclosure comprises a plurality of supporting legs connected to the base and positioned on the subfloor for locating the access opening of the base a vertically spaced distance above the subfloor.
9. A combination according to claim 1, wherein the raised floor comprises a plurality of floor modules, and said base comprises a modular section of the raised floor.
10. A local distribution utility center for a raised floor positioned on a supporting subfloor, said utility center comprising: (a) an enclosure having a base, and an access opening formed in the base for receiving wiring from a communications wiring closet, and for delivering wiring to at least one work station of a work group; (b) distribution panel support means carried in said enclosure; (c) distribution panel means carried by said distribution panel support means in vertically spaced relation above the access opening for operatively interconnecting wiring of the wiring closet and communications equipment of the at least one work station; and (d) distribution panel adjustment means cooperating with said distribution panel support means for adjusting the horizontal orientation of said distribution panel means above the access opening of said base.
11. A utility center according to claim 10, wherein said enclosure comprises first and second opposing vertical side walls positioned upon a top surface of the base.
12. A utility center according to claim 11, wherein each of said first and second vertical side walls is arc-shaped, and includes top and bottom inwardly extending flanges formed thereto.
13. A utility center according to claim 12, wherein said distribution panel support means includes first and second spaced-apart support bars secured at respective opposite ends thereof to the top and bottom flanges of the first and second vertical side walls for carrying said distribution panel means.
14. A utility center according to claim 13, wherein said distribution panel adjustment means comprises a longitudinal slot defined in each of said top and bottom flanges of the first and second vertical side walls, and connecting means cooperating with the longitudinal slots for adjustably connecting the support bars in a fixed position along a longitudinal length of each of the top and bottom flanges, thereby permitting adjustment of the horizontal orientation of said distribution panel means above the access opening of the base.
15. A utility center according to claim 10, wherein said enclosure comprises a top wall connected to first and second vertical side walls thereof.
16. A utility center according to claim 10, wherein said enclosure comprises removable front and back walls connected to first and second vertical side walls for allowing convenient access to said distribution panel means.
17. A utility center according to claim 10, wherein said enclosure comprises a plurality of supporting legs connected to the base and positioned on the subfloor for locating the access opening of the base a vertically spaced distance above the subfloor.
Patent Citations (7)
Non-Patent Literature (1)
- George Foster and Jay F. Helms; Flexible Wiring System; Apr. 1990; Procomm Enterprises Magazine; pp. 1-4.