US 5,652,161 AGrant
Method of Making Split Gate Flash EEPROM Cell
Issue Date:1997-07-29
•5 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
The flash EEPROM cell of split-gate type according to the present invention can prevent the degradation of the tunnel oxide film of the cell due to the band-to-band tunneling and the secondary hot carrier which are generated by a high electric field formed at the overlap region between the junction region and the gate electrode when programming and erasure operations are performed by a high voltage to the structure in which the tunneling region is separated from the channel with a thick insulation film.
Metadata
Assignee
- Hyunday Electronics Industries Co., Ltd.
Inventor
- Byung Jin Ahn
Application Information
Application Number:US 6146805
Filing Date:1996-03-13
Priority Date:1995-03-14
Art Unit:114
Classifications
IPC:
H01L 218247
Field of Search:
43738;43;44;50;69;70
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a flash EEPROM cell and the method of making thereof and, more particularly to a flash EEPROM cell of split-gate type and the method of making thereof, which can improve the reliability of the device by separating the tunneling region and the channel.
Background of the Invention
Generally, in the process of making a semiconductor device, a flash EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) cell having both functions of electrical programming and erasing may be classified into a stack-gate structure and a split-gate structure.
As shown in FIG. 1A, a conventional flash EEPROM cell of stack-gate type has a structure in which a tunnel oxide film 5, a floating gate 6, an interpoly oxide film 11 and a control gate 12 are sequentially stacked on a silicon substrate 1 between a drain region 7 and a source region 8.
As shown in FIG. 1B, a conventional flash EEPROM cell of split-gate type has a structure in which a tunnel oxide film 5, a floating gate 6, an interpoly oxide film 11 and a control gate 12 are sequentially formed on a silicon substrate 1 between a drain region 7 and a source region 8, it has a stacked structure on the drain region's side 7 and it has a structure in which the control gate 12 comprising the upper layer of the stacked structure extends toward the source region 8. The silicon substrate 1 underlying the extended control gate 12 becomes a select gate channel region 9.
Though the stack-gate structure has an advantage in accomplishing a high density of the device because it can reduce the area per cell compared with the split-gate structure, it however has a disadvantage in that it is over-erased when being erased. Whereas, though the split-gate structure can overcome the disadvantage of the stack-gate structure, it has a disadvantage in accomplishing a high density of the device because it can not reduce the area per cell compared with the stack-gate.
On the one hand, the flash EEPROM cell of stack-gate type or split-gate type may perform the functions of programming and erasing when a high voltage is applied to the cell. When performing programming and erasing functions using a high voltage, a band-to-band tunneling and a secondary hot carrier are generated due to a strong electric field formed at the overlap region between a junction region and a gate electrode. However, the tunnel oxide film is degraded due to generation of the band-to-band tunneling and the secondary hot carrier because the tunnel oxide film of the cell is usually formed thin in thickness of about 100.ANG., thereby reducing the reliability of the device.
Summary of the Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a flash EEPROM cell and the method of making the same, which can reduce the degradation of the tunnel oxide film due to a high voltage, while solving the over-erasure problem when the cell is erased.
To achieve the above object, a method of making a flash EEPROM cell, comprises the steps of:
removing a portion of a first oxide film and a nitride film which are sequentially formed on a silicon substrate through the etching process using the photoresist pattern as etching mask to expose a portion of the silicon substrate;
removing the photoresist pattern and then forming a second oxide film, by oxidizing the surface of the silicon substrate a portion of which is exposed;
forming a recess on the surface of the silicon substrate from which the second oxide film is removed, by removing the exposed portion of the second oxide film using the nitride film a portion of which is removed as etching mask, thereby the portion of the second oxide film covered with the nitride film a portion of which is removed remains intact;
forming a drain region on the recess portion of the silicon substrate;
forming a tunnel oxide film on the silicon substrate of the recess portion and then forming a first polysilicon layer on the entire structure;
sequentially removing the first polysilicon layer, the nitride film a portion of which is removed, the tunnel oxide film and the first oxide film a portion of which is removed through the etching process using the mask for a floating gate electrode to form a floating gate made of the first polysilicon layer;
implanting a impurity ion for controlling a threshold voltage to form a select gate channel region on the silicon substrate which is exposed on one side of the floating gate;
forming a select gate oxide film and an interpoly oxide film and then forming a second polysilicon layer on the entire structure; and
forming a control gate of split structure by patterning the second polysilicon layer through the etching process using the mask for a control gate electrode and then forming a source region on the silicon substrate which is exposed on one side of the control gate.
A flash EEPROM cell comprises:
a silicon substrate on one portion of which a recess is formed;
a drain region formed on the recess portion of the silicon substrate;
a source region formed at the location of the silicon substrate which is spaced apart from the drain region;
a floating gate formed to overlap with a portion of the silicon substrate between the drain region and the source region and a portion of the drain region, the floating gate being electrically separated from the drain region with a thin insulation film and from the silicon substrate with a thick insulation film; and
a control gate formed to extend up to the edge portion of the source region, the control gate being electrically separated from each of the floating gate and each of the silicon substrate by the oxide film.
Brief Description of the Invention
For fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1A shows a sectional view of a flash EEPROM cell of a conventional stack-gate type.
FIG. 1B shows a sectional view of a flash EEPROM cell of a conventional split-gate type.
FIG. 2A to FIG. 2H show sectional views of the device for explaining the method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to the present invention.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are the state diagrams of the operation for explaining the flash EEPROM cell manufactured according to the present invention.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts in the several views of the drawings.
Description of the Invention
Below, the present invention will be described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 2A to FIG. 2H show sectional views of the device for explaining the method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to the present invention.
In FIG. 2A there is shown a silicon substrate 1 a portion of which is exposed by removing a portion of a first oxide film 2 and a portion of a nitride film 3 which are sequentially formed on the silicon substrate 1 through the etching process using a photoresist pattern 10 as etch mask. The first oxide film 2 is formed on the silicon substrate 1 in thickness of about 150 to 250.ANG. and the nitride film 3 is formed on the first oxide film 2 in thickness of about 400 to 600.ANG..
In FIG. 25, there is shown a second oxide film 4 of 1500 to 2500.ANG. in thickness which, after the photoresist pattern 10 is removed, is formed by oxidizing the surface of the silicon substrate 1 a portion of which is exposed.
In FIG. 2C, there is shown the exposed portion of the second oxide film 4 which is removed through the dry etching process which uses the nitride film 3 a portion of which is removed as etching mask. As the exposed portion of the second oxide film 4 is removed, a recess is formed on the surface of the silicon substrate 1, but the second oxide film 4 which is covered by the nitride film 3 remain intact.
In FIG. 2D, there is shown a drain region 8A which is formed by annealing a high concentration of N-type impurity ion after it is implanted into the recess portion of the silicon substrate 1.
In FIG. 2E, there is shown a first polysilicon layer 16 which is formed on the entire structure after a tunnel oxide film 5A is formed on the exposed portion of the silicon substrate 1 in thickness of 80 to 120.ANG..
In FIG. 2F, there is shown a sectional view of the device in which a first polysilicon layer 16, the nitride film 3, the tunnel oxide film 5A and the first oxide film 2 are sequentially patterned through dry etching process using the mask for a floating gate electrode. The first patterned polysilicon layer 16 becomes a floating gate 16A. Also, in FIG. 2F, there are shown two floating gates 16A which are spaced apart on the basis of the central portion of the drain region 8A.
In FIG. 2G, there are shown select gate channels 9A each of which is formed by implanting the impurity ion for controlling a threshold voltage into the exposed portion of the silicon substrate 1 out of the two floating gate 16A.
In FIG. 2H, there is shown a sectional view of the device in which a select gate oxide film 13 and an interpoly oxide film 11A are simultaneously grown on the entire structure in which a select gate channel 9A is formed, after the second polysilicon layer is formed, two control gates 12 each of which covers each of two floating gates 16A are formed by patterning the second polysilicon layer through dry etching process using the mask for a control gate electrode, and each of source regions 7A is formed on the silicon substrate 1 out of the two control gates 12 by implanting a high concentration of N-type impurity ion.
Two flash EEPROM cells having a common drain region 8A are completed through the above mentioned processes.
The flash EEPROM cell manufactured according to the present invention has a structure, in which a silicon substrate 1 with a recess formed on a portion thereof is provided; a drain region 8A is formed on the recess portion of the silicon substrate 1; source regions 7A are formed at the location of the silicon substrate 1 which is spaced apart from the drain region 8A; floating gate 16A is formed to be overlapped with a portion of the silicon substrate 1 between the drain region 8A and the source regions 7A and a portion of the drain region 8A, the floating gates 16A being electrically isolated from the drain region 8A with a thin insulation film and from the silicon substrate 1 with a thick insulation film; control gate 12 covering the floating gate 16A is extended up to the edge portion of the source region 7A, the control gates 12 being electrically isolated from each of the floating gate 16A and the silicon substrate 1 by the oxide film.
The thin insulation film in the above is formed with the tunnel oxide film in thickness of 80 to 120.ANG. and the thick insulation film is formed by depositing at least one insulating material in thickness of 150 to 1000.ANG..
Now, the operation of the flash EEPROM cell according to the present invention will be explained by reference to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B show the states of the operations for explaining the flash EEPROM cell which is manufactured in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a state diagram of the program operation of the flash EEPROM cell.
When a high voltage of about 12 V is applied to the control gate 12 with the silicon substrate 1, the source region 7A and the drain region 8A grounded, electrons are charged at the floating gate 16A by a fowler-nordheim tunneling due to high electric field between the drain region 8A and the floating gate 16A in the tunnel oxide film 5A, thereby completing the program operation.
FIG. 3B is a state diagram of the erasure operation of the flash EEPROM cell.
When a high voltage of about 12 V is applied to the drain region 8A with the silicon substrate 1, the source region 7A and the control gate 12 grounded, the electrons charged at the floating gate 16A are discharged from the tunnel oxide film 5A by a fowler-nordheim tunneling due to a high electric field between the drain region 8A and the floating gate 16A, thereby completing the erasure operation.
As mentioned above, the flash EEPROM cell of split-gate type according to the present invention can prevent the degradation of the tunnel oxide film of the cell due to the band-to-band tunneling and the secondary hot carrier generated by a high electric field which is formed at the overlap region between the junction region and the gate electrode when the programming and erasure operations are performed by a high voltage to the structure in which the tunneling region is separated from the channel with a thick insulation film, while maintaining the advantage of split-gate structure which can prevent an over-erasure when the cell is driven.
The foregoing description, although described in its preferred embodiment with a certain degree of particularity, is only illustrative of the principle of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not to be limited to the preferred embodiments disclosed and illustrated herein. Accordingly, all expedient variations that may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention are to be encompassed as further embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of making a flash EEPROM cell, comprising the steps of: removing a portion of a first oxide film and a nitride film which are sequentially formed on a silicon substrate through the etching process using a photoresist pattern as an etching mask to expose a portion of said silicon substrate; removing said photoresist pattern and then forming a second oxide film, by oxidizing the surface of said silicon substrate a portion of which is exposed; forming a recess on the surface of said silicon substrate from which said second oxide film is removed, by removing the exposed portion of said second oxide film using said nitride film a portion of which is removed as an etching mask, thereby the portion of said second oxide film covered with the nitride film a portion of which is removed remains intact; forming a drain region on said recess portion of said silicon substrate; forming a tunnel oxide film on said silicon substrate of said recess portion and then forming a first polysilicon layer on the entire structure; sequentially removing said first polysilicon layer, said nitride film a portion of which is removed, said tunnel oxide film and said first oxide film a portion of which is removed through the etching process using the mask for a floating gate electrode to form a floating gate made of said first polysilicon layer; implanting an impurity ion for controlling a threshold voltage to form a select gate channel region on said silicon substrate which is exposed on one side of said floating gate; forming a select gate oxide film and an interpoly oxide film and then forming a second polysilicon layer on the entire structure; and forming a control gate of split structure by patterning said second polysilicon layer through the etching process using the mask for a control gate electrode and then forming a source region on said silicon substrate which is exposed on one side of said control gate.
2. A method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to claim 1 wherein said first oxide film is formed in thickness of 150 to 250.ANG..
3. A method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to claim 1 wherein said second oxide film is formed in thickness of 1500 to 2500.ANG..
4. A method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to claim 1 wherein said nitride film is formed in thickness of 400 to 600.ANG..
5. A method of making a flash EEPROM cell according to claim 1 wherein said tunnel oxide film is formed in thickness of 80 to 120.ANG..