Ballistic Grill for Special Purpose Vehicles

The present invention concerns a ballistic grill used in special vehicles such as armored vehicles and especially a ballistic grill to protect a vehicle effectively from bullets and splinters with minimized weight.

Special vehicles usually have their engine compartments with cooling systems enclosed with a capsule member to prevent the vehicle from malfunctioning due to damage caused by penetration of a bullet or splinters. Normally, the essential air for combustion and cooling is supplied and removed through an inlet opening and an outlet opening.

Furthermore, the ballistic grills should be installed to cover inlet and outlet openings to prevent penetration of bullet into the engine compartment.

The requirement of a ballistic grill is to prevent penetration by bullets or splinters effectively, and to maximize air channels to cover necessary airflow with minimized weight for the entire system.

German Patent OS 37 03 716 uses a ballistic grill system as one of former technologies. In this patent, the ballistic grill includes several profile moldings manufactured with structural steel. And additional whole or partial profile parts are attached at the end of each profile moldings toward the vehicle at an angle aimed at preventing bullets or splinters.

In this kind of ballistic grill, since profile molding and profile parts are made mostly of steel, there is much possibility of creating splinters when it is hit by a bullet, and those splinters can penetrate. Sometimes, the bullet possibly penetrates the profile molding to reach the engine compartment.

Also, German Patent 4015 304 A1 discloses profile moldings made of a minimum of two individual profiles which create a hollow space. This hollow space can be filled with sandwich elements. An upper individual profile is made of metal or metal alloy with lower hardness and high elongation and a lower individual profile is made of metal or metal alloy with high hardness and lower elongation. Therefore, this can absorb the kinetic energy of a bullet, and a bullet that has penetrated through the upper profile can be caught in the hollow space. This type of grill improves the protection level by minimizing fragments.

However, in the preceding Korean Patent Application No. 91-7591, even though the upper profile is made of material with lower hardness and high elongation, it is made of metal basically and has limited capability in shock absorption and protection. Furthermore, there is difficulty in reducing the weight of the entire system, since both individual profiles are made of metal.

This invention has been done to solve many problems in former technologies of ballistic grills. The main object of this invention is to offer a ballistic grill for special purpose vehicles to prevent penetration of bullets or splinters effectively.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the weight of a vehicle by offering a ballistic grill with minimized weight.

A further object of this invention is to offer and guarantee a ballistic grill with reliable functional operation.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a ballistic grill to protect the special purpose vehicle from enemy's radar and infra-red detection, in addition to basic functions.

These objects are achieved by providing a ballistic grill with many protection beams of several shapes.

The protection beams are made of a kinetic energy absorbing core entirely surrounded by a shock-absorbing outer shell. The core is made of steel or other alloys of iron, other metal, metal alloys, cermets, ceramics, fabrics or combinations thereof and which are either treated or untreated.

The outer shell is made of glass fiber, carbon, aramid, polyamid, polyester, polyethelene or hybrids of these materials.

According to the characteristics of the present invention, the core is entirely surrounded by an outer shell having shock-absorbing property. As a result, a bullet penetrating the outer shell will hit the core and create splinters which will make the outer shell bulge. Accordingly, all splinters will be trapped in between core and the outer shell. In case of penetration of the core, the outer shell of the other side will bulge to absorb the remaining kinetic energy of the bullet. Consequently, the penetration of the bullet and splinters to the inside of the vehicle can be stopped effectively. Furthermore, this system can contribute to reducing the weight of the ballistic grill, since the outer shell is made of light material.

According to another embodiment of this invention, the surface of the core can have specific shapes to strengthen the connection between the core and the outer shell.

In another embodiment of this invention, to improve the camouflage against radar and infra-red, additional material can be added on the surface of outer shell.

In a further embodiment of this invention, the connection of the core with outer shell can be solidly fixed or removable.

According to another embodiment of this invention, the outer shell consists of several sheets.

In another embodiment of this invention, there can be a slight hollow space between the core and the outer shell.

The details of this invention for the preferred embodiments, based on attached drawings, are as follows: Same numbers have been used for same parts throughout all the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a special purpose vehicle with a ballistic grill;

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a grill for a special purpose vehicle;

FIG. 3a is a sectional view of an L-shaped grill;

FIG. 3b is a sectional view of an S-shaped grill;

FIG. 3c is a sectional view of a T-shaped grill;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing absorption of kinetic energy of a bullet; and

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing connections between the core and the outer shell.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a special vehicle 12 with a ballistic grill 10. An engine compartment in the special vehicle 12 has an inlet opening and an outlet opening to supply necessary air for combustion and cooling and to remove used air.

Ballistic grills are installed on the inlet and outlet openings to offer air channel and to protect the vehicle from malfunctioning due to penetration of bullet or splinters.

As shown in FIG. 2, ballistic grill 10 in this invention includes several protection beams 22 and a support 24. Each beam 22 is fixed on the support 24 in a spaced manner by maintaining a fixed distance and with an angle to stop bullets or splinters. Protection beam 22 consists of the kinetic energy absorbing core 14 and an outer shell 16. The outer shell 16 surrounds the core 14 entirely through solid connection method. The core 14 is made of the material which has enough strength and hardness, for example, steel, alloys of iron, metal, metal alloy, cermet, ceramic, fabric that are either treated or untreated. The outer shell (16) is made of the material which has shock-absorbing property, as for example, glass fiber, carbon, aramid, polyamid, polyester, polyethylene or hybrids of these materials.

FIGS. 3a and 3b show various shapes of a ballistic grill. FIG. 3a shows an L type of ballistic grill. FIG. 3b shows an S type of ballistic grill. And FIG. 3c shows a T type ballistic grill. There can be a serrated area 18 on the surface of core 14 which can increase the connection with outer shell 16 (FIG. 3a). Consequently, this can minimize shifting of the outer shell at the time of impact by the bullet.

FIG. 4 shows the procedure of absorbing kinetic energy of the bullet briefly by the ballistic grill of this invention.

As the core 14 is made of hard material completely and surrounded with the outer shell 16, made of shock absorbing material, the bullet will penetrate the outer shell without creating any splinters and strike the core (14) which will absorb most of the kinetic energy. The bullet or splinters after impact will be reflected to outer directions which will make the outer shell 16 bulge and absorb the remaining kinetic energy of the bullet or splinters. Therefore, the bullet or splinters will stay in between the core 14 and the outer shell 16.

In the case of penetration through the core 14 due to high kinetic energy, the outer shell on the other side will bulge, and absorb the remaining kinetic energy.

In the case of penetration through the bulge due to very high kinetic energy, the bullet will hit the outer shell 16 of the next ballistic beam 22, because this bulge will not crack before it will touch the surface of the next outer shell, due to the size of the width of the airgaps. And the "defense procedure" starts again.

This behavior opens the possibility that due to the design, several ballistic beams can be used as kinetic energy absorber against one bullet without creating any splinters which can migrate in an air channel. Accordingly, with this invention, one can attain ballistic protection levels which cannot be achieved by all known grill systems including the aforementioned patents.

FIG. 5 shows connections of core 14 and the outer shell 16. The outer shell has several sheets 26. These sheets are detachably connected with the core 14 by bolts 20.

Therefore, as described, bullet and splinters can be stopped effectively from penetrating the engine compartment. Also, one can achieve the required protection with minimum weight of the system.