Broadcast System With Associated Data Capabilities

This invention relates generally to broadcasting systems, and specifically to a system for transmitting data associated with audio or video program material to provide a listener or viewer with useful information regarding the program material.

Many radio broadcast svstems are known to exist in which digital data are transmitted along with audio program material. For example, the United States Radio Broadcast Data System ("RBDS") Standard, published by the National Radio Systems Committee and sponsored by the Electronics Industry Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, describes a system for broadcasting a varietv of program-related information on a subcarrier of a standard FM broadcast channel. The RBDS standard teaches a svstem for transmitting station identification and location information, as well as time, traffic and miscellaneous other information.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,063,610 to Ahvadish discloses a system in which advertising text, song titles, or other program-related data may be transmitted along with audio program material and stored, displayed, or printed by a listener using appropriate receiving apparatus. The Alwadish system is understood to require data corresponding to program material to be stored along with the program material source itself (i.e., on compact disc or digital audio tape). Thus, the Alwadish system relies on customized audio program source hardware and software.

In another field of art, several systems have been taught for automatically monitoring received broadcast signals in order to log the program content of such broadcasts. For instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,450,531 and 4,843,562 to Kenyon et al. teach schemes for automatically recognizing received program material as one of a number of "reference" library programs.

Notablv absent from the known prior art, however, is a system for broadcasting program material and associated data that does not rely on customized program source material and related apparatus in which the program and the data are linked at the program source level. It would be desirable to have a system in which conventional program sources (e.g., conventional phonograph records, tape cartridges, or compact discs) could be played using conventional program source apparatus (e.g., conventional turntables, tape cartridge players and compact disc players), yet still provide the advantages of transmitting data pertaining to the program material.

In accordance with the present invention, a broadcast transmission system includes conventional program sources, a device for detecting which of several program sources is selected, a device for recognizing program material by comparing the program material with a database of known program material, and a device for applying to a transmitter a data stream corresponding to the recognized program material for transmission along with the program material.

Also in accordance with the present invention, a receiver includes a demodulator for detecting the program material and data stream, and a user interface device for providing the user with a menu of data options, the options depending on information in the data stream.

Further in accordance with the present invention, a receiver includes a data card recorder for recording selected information from the data stream on a portable data card for later use.

The features and advantages described in the specification are not all-inclusive, and particularly, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims hereof. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter, resort to the claims being necessary to determine such inventive subject matter.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transmission system for program material and associated data, in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 1a is a block diagram detailing a data stream generator as illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a receiving system for program material and associated data, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a user interface display panel showing information about a musical composition, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a user interface display panel showing information about a composer, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating receiver operation, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates memory addresses for data storage and retrieval, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates the components of a data packet, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates receiver screen menu hierarchy, in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates screen menu flow for the programmer terminal illustrated in FIG. 1.

The figures depict a preferred embodiment of the present invention for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a transmission system 100 in accordance with the present invention. The operation of the transmission system 100 is illustrated by discussion of the component parts illustrated in FIG. 1. Conventional audio sources such as microphone 102, compact disc player 103, and tape cartridge player 104 provide program source audio to mixing board 101. Mixing board 101 and audio sources 102-104 may be conventional units, such as those already present in a typical radio broadcast station. Audio output is fed from mixing board 101 to transmitter 110 in the conventional manner over an audio bus 113 for transmission from antenna 111. Transmitter 110 may be any conventional radio broadcasting transmitter with main channel and subcarrier channel input capabilities, such as that typically installed in modern FM broadcasting stations. Additional conventional audio compression, limiting, or other processing circuitry (not shown) n-ray be installed at mixing board 101, transmitter 110, or in between, but is not pertinent for purposes herein.

The audio output of mixing board 101 is also applied to a program material recognizer 106 via audio bus 113. The purpose of the program material recognizer 106 is to compare the program material coming from mixing board 101 with a database of known program material 107. If a match is detected, program material recognizer 106 sends pertinent program data, for instance the title of the program material, the composer, and the performer, to data stream generator 105. Any suitable program recognizing system can be used to implement program material recognizer 106 and database of known program material 107, for instance the system taught by Kenvon et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,562 for received broadcast audio signals. The teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,562 are incorporated herein by reference. Those skilled in the art may readily apply such known systems for recognizing audio programs to implement the program material recognizer 106 and database of known program material 107 of FIG. 1.

The output data provided by program material recognizer 106 are converted by data stream generator 105 into a form that may be directly applied to a conventional subcarrier channel input of transmitter 110. The manner of making this conversion will depend on the particular program material recognizer 106 employed and the desired data format for transmission, and mav readily be accomplished by one skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, data stream generator 105 is configured to conform to the large transmission capacity multiplex data broadcast system protocol promulgated by NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) known as L-MSK. This protocol permits data transmission speeds of up to 32 kbits per second.

Mixing board 101 also provides a signal, either through an existing facility on mixing board 101 or through a simple modification, representative of which program source (i.e., microphone 102, compact disc player 103 or tape cartridge player 104) is currentiv selected by mixing board 101. Program source detector 108 converts this signal to a form usable by data stream generator 105. While the particular implementation of program source detector 108 may vary with the type of mixing board 101, those skilled in the art will readily be able to implement program source detector 108 for operation with any particular mixing board 101.

Data stream generator 105 generates different data streams depending on the program source detected by program source detector 108. For example, if program source detector 108 indicates that compact disc player 103 or tape cartridge player 104 is selected by mixing board 101, then data stream generator 105 applies to transmitter 110 the information generated by program material recognizer 106. However, if program source detector 108 indicates that microphone 102 is selected, then data stream generator 105 may generate data identifying the announcer's name, or the fact that news or traffic information is being broadcast, as appropriate for the use to which microphone 102 is put. If microphone 102 is put to multiple uses, then a general message such as the station's call sign or a random advertisement may be generated by data stream generator 105. Thus, in operation, data stream generator 105 provides a stream of data to transmitter 110 indicating, for example, details about a musical composition played on compact disc player 103, then advertiser information corresponding to a commercial played on tape cartridge machine 104, then an appropriate message corresponding to the selection of microphone 102 such as "Traffic Alert".

In one embodiment of the present invention, database of known program material 107 contains both the data needed by program material recognizer 106 to recognize a particular program, and also the data associated with that program to be sent to transmitter 110 via data stream generator 105. The data associated with the program material can be entered, as known with regard to conventional recognition systems, by manual key entry from programmer terminal 112 or by some other common data entry method. Programmer terminal 112 may be a dedicated computer terminal or may be a personal computer connected to data stream generator 105 via a conventional local area network. Database 107 may be provided by a third party, for instance in the form of computer tapes or disks containing both the data needed for recognition and the data desired for transmission. In such an embodiment, other data associated with program material, such as data associated with commercial announcement program material, may be separately entered into database 107 using conventional data entry techniques. Furthermore, data to be transmitted when program source detector 108 indicates selection of microphone 102 may be stored either as part of database 107 or in a separate database (not shown). Those skilled in the art will recognize that any such choice that provides associated data for transmission may be used in accordance with the present invention.

As is evident from FIG. 1, none of the existing components of a conventional broadcast station, with the possible exception of the mixing board 101 as discussed above, needs to be replaced or altered to implement transmission system 100. An upgrade from a conventional transmission system to the transmission system 100 of FIG. 1 requires only the connection of the program source detector 108 to the mixing board 101, tap-off of the audio program material feed between mixing board 101 and transmitter 110 to program material recognizer 106, and connection from data stream generator 105 to a subcarrier channel input of transmitter 110.

Referring now to FIG. 1a, there is shown a detailed functional block diagram of data stream generator 105. The major components of data stream generator 105 include a data input processor 153, database manager 155, system controller 157, output spooler 154, and NHK encoder 152. Data input processor 153 receives program source data from program source detector 108 via a serial RS-232 data link 151, and receives program recognition data from program material recognizer 106, also via a serial RS-232 data link 151. Data input processor 153 uses this input data to determine which data from a screen storage database 156 should be accessed, using database manager 155, and sent to output spooler 154. For example, if data input processor 153 receives data indicating that a compact disc player is active and that the program material being broadcast is a musical selection known as "Concertino for Piano and Chamber Ensemble", it will cause a database entry corresponding to data particular to that selection to be extracted from screen storage database 156 and applied, through database manager 155, to output spooler 154. The database entry would include all of the data required for display of information of data associated with the musical selection on a receiver, as described below in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4.

A system controller 157 is coupled to database manager 155 and output spooler 154 for two discrete purposes. First, system controller 157 provides timing and control signals to regulate the movement of data from database manager 155 to output spooler 154. Second, system controller 157 provides, through a connection with a programmer terminal 112, a means by which data may be inserted into screen storage database 156, through database manager 155. For instance, radio station personnel may key in data to be associated with any particular entry of screen storage database, to permit such information to be transmitted over the system when the associated program material selection is played. As a specific example, if there is to be a public performance of "Concertino for Piano & Chamber Ensemble" at a local symphony hall, that fact may be entered into screen storage database 156 so that whenever this musical selection is played, this information will be transmitted for display on the user's receiver. Further discussion regarding data entry is provided below in connection with FIG. 9.

Output spooler 154 is a buffer that stores data to be transmitted and sends such data, via RS-232 serial data link 151, to an NHK data encoder to permit transmission of the data using transmitter 110. NHK data encoder transforms the data from output spooler 154 into a data stream meeting the specifications of the NHK high capacity multiplex data broadcast protocol L-MSK described above. One example of a commercially-available device operating in accordance with this protocol is the model 4001A FM Multiplex Signal Transmitter for Mobile Receivers available from Eiden Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan.

In the preferred embodiment, components 152-157 are implemented by using a programmed general purpose computer. Those skilled in the art may easily implement the functions of these components in such a manner.

Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a receiving system 200 in accordance with the present invention. The operation of the receiving system 200 is illustrated by discussion of the component parts illustrated in FIG. 2. A signal transmitted by transmission system 100 of FIG. 1 is received by antenna 211 and demodulated into audio and data components in a conventional manner by demodulator 201. Demodulator 201 is of conventional design for detecting and demodulating audio and data signals transmitted over a main broadcast channel and a subcarrier of that channel, respectively. Audio program information from demodulator 201 is applied to conventional program material reproduction circuitry 202. Data associated with the program material (corresponding to that generated by data stream generator 105 of FIG. 1) are error corrected in a conventional manner by error correction circuitry 203, transferred to microprocessor 204, and then are stored in data memory 205, using any of the conventional techniques and devices well known to those skilled in the art.

A user interface apparatus 206 allows a user of receiving system 200 to selectively access data stored in 205. User interface apparatus 206 is implemented using a conventional microprocessor-based design well known to those skilled in the art of user interface design and implementation. User interface apparatus 206 provides both display capabilities for the transmitted data and user input capabilities to permit user selection of portions of the transmitted data.

A conventional data card recorder 207, such as that used to record information on magnetic library cards or the like, is connected to data memory 205 through microprocessor 204. The purpose of data card recorder 207 is to allow the user of receiving apparatus 200 to store selected data on portable magnetic cards. For instance, data associated with a promotion by an advertiser may be used as "electronic coupons" to allow listeners who record such data to receive a discount on merchandise. The coupon data could include standardized identifying data for a product, such as the "SKU" code for a product. A corresponding magnetic card reader of conventional design (not shown) would be used at the store where the coupon is to be redeemed.

Receiving system 200 may readily be implemented by augmenting a conventional broadcast receiver capable of providing the functions of demodulator 201, program material reproduction circuitry 202, and antenna 211, with the digital data functions corresponding to error correction circuitry 203, microprocessor 204, data memory 205, user interface apparatus 206, and, if desired, data card recorder 207. Alternatively, the functions of elements 203-207 mav be implemented by a general purpose digital computer, such as a conventional personal computer, notebook computer, or home entertainment computer, and antenna demodulator 201, program material reproduction circuitry 202, and antenna 211 may be implemented by an attached device or an add-in circuit card. In such a case, the general purpose digital computer may even be employed to provide the audio/video program material output of the main programming channel, as would conventionally be provided by program material reproduction circuitry 202. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize additional possible implementations in accordance with the present invention.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a display panel 300 of user interface apparatus 206. Display panel 300 includes four menu button areas 301-304 and a larger information window 305. In the preferred embodiment, display panel 300 is of conventional liquid crystal design, with conventional touch-screen technology being used to implement switches over the menu button areas 301-304. Alternatively, physically separate switches could be used in locations adjacent to menu button areas 301-304, but one advantage of using touch-screen technology is that button areas can dynamically change in size, location and number under software control. The information window 305 of FIG. 3 indicates composer, title, and performer data stored in memory 205, corresponding to program material contemporaneously being received by receiving system 200. Menu button area 301 provides the user the option of requesting another screen with further information about this composer; menu button area 302 provides the user with the option of requesting orchestra information; menu button area 303 provides the user with the option of requesting another screen with information on the running time of the current selection; and menu button area 304 provides the user with the option of requesting ordering information for this recording. It should be recognized that the information presented in information window 305 and menu button areas 301-304 can be of virtually infinite variety and is not limited to the type of information or layout shown in FIG. 3.

In an alternate embodiment some top-level menu choices may be stored in permanent memory (not shown) of user interface apparatus 206, but in general all of the information displayed on display panel 300, as well as the number, style, and labeling of the button areas (e.g., 301-304) is determined by data generated by data stream generator 105, transmitted to receiving system 200, and stored in data memory 205. For convenience, data corresponding to menu button areas (e.g., 301) are referred to as header data. The number of menu choices and the amount of displayable information is limited only by the bandwidth of the data transmission subcarrier channel and the capacity of data memory 205. Within these limits, each radio station may choose to include as much or as little header data as it desires, and may custom-design the menu information and layout that appear on the display panel 300.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown display panel 300 after the user has touched menu button area 301 of FIG. 3 to request a screen with more information about the composer. Information window 405 now displays different information than in information window 305 of FIG. 3. Menu button area 301 of FIG. 3 is replaced with menu button 401 providing the user with the capability of returning to the first screen (i.e., the screen of FIG. 3). Button area 302 of FIG. 3 is replaced with button area 402 providing the user with a further choice of viewing a screen indicating other works by the composer. There being no other options under this menu path, button areas 303, 304 of FIG. 3 have not been replaced with corresponding button areas in FIG. 4.

Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a procedure for receiving and displaying data as described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4. The process begins by receiving data at step 501. Next, step 502 performs error correction to validate the data received. This being accomplished, the received and validated data are stored in step 503 at a specified address for later use. A check is then made in step 504 to determine whether, based on received data, new program material, e.g., a new musical selection, is currently being transmitted. If not, a check is made at step 505 to determine whether the user has requested a new screen by making a selection on one of the screen button areas, e.g., 301-304. A new screen request is indicated by a "new screen request flag" being set. If the new screen request flag has not been set, processing returns to step 501 for the acquisition of further data.

If the check at step 504 indicates that new program material is being transmitted, processing flows to step 506, in which a new main menu screen for that new program material is displayed. In accordance with the present invention, the first data transmitted for new program material correspond to the main menu screen for that selection, so as soon as a new program is detected, main screen data for that material should already be available. Upon displaying the new main screen data in step 506, processing returns to step 501 for the acquisition and validation of further data corresponding to other screens. In a preferred embodiment, once a new program selection is detected, data from a previous program selection need not be discarded, but may be stored for later access by the user. In an alternate embodiment, users may recall data from several preceding selections, if desired. For example, if users hear a musical selection that they like, but that they do not realize they would like to order until after the selection is complete, they may still access ordering information for that selection after the next selection begins. Conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art may be used to store and retrieve such information from previous selections.

If the check in step 505 indicates that a user has requested a new screen, processing flows to step 507, where a determination is made as to the particular new screen requested. Next, step 508 checks to see whether data for that new screen have yet been stored for the current program selection. If not, processing returns to step 501 to allow further data to be acquired. If the requisite data have been stored for that screen, step 509 resets the new screen request flag and step 510 displays the new screen. Processing then returns to step 501.

Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown a memory map 600 for screen data in accordance with the present invention. Data for a main screen menu are given the highest address, in this case 1000. Data for screens corresponding to main screen menu choice numbers 1 through 4 are stored at addresses 1100-1400, respectively. Data for screens corresponding to menu selections from the screen data addressed at 1100 are stored at locations 1110 through 1130, and so on. Thus, addresses for screen data are defined such that the most significant bits of an address identify the parent screens corresponding to a screen of data. Referring now also to FIG. 8, this hierarchv of screens may be thought of as a pyramid, with the main menu screen of data 800 appearing at the tip of the pyramid and with the pyramid of screens broadening out as moves down through the menus of screens, e.g., 801-804. The memory map 600 of FIG. 6 does not list addresses in numerical order, but in correspondence with this menu hierarchy. This menu hierarchy also determines which data are transmitted first once a new program material selection is broadcast. Data for the initial menu screen 800 (e.g., data with address 1000) are broadcast first, then data for the menu screens 801-804 directly accessible from that menu screen (e.g., data with addresses 1100, 1200, 1300), then data for menu screens, e.g., 812, accessible from those menu screens (e.g., data with addresses 1110, 1120, 1130) and so on through the hierarchy. In this manner, the user will have data that are higher in the hierarchy available more quickly than if the data were transmitted strictly in order of the addresses. Data for the main screen 800 are sent first and repeated relatively often, while data for subsequent screens, e.g., 801-804, are sent next and are repeated less often.

Referring now to FIG. 7, there i.e shown a data packet 700 in accordance with the present invention. To provide a flexible structure for presenting data on a receiver display, e.g., the dispiay 300 illustrated in figure 3, data are transmitted in variable-length packets, e.g., 700. In a preferred embodiment, a packet 700 consists of several elements, the first of which is an eight bit pyramid address 710 identifying the data to be sent as corresponding to a particular selection of program material. Thus, if a musical selection is being broadcast, all data pertaining to that musical selection will have identical pyramid addresses. Next, an eight bit data segment is used for a screen address 720, to identify a particular screen of data. This address is used primarily for controi purposes, so that when a user selects a new screen to view, an address is available to identify the data corresponding to that screen.

The following eight bit data segment serves as an identifier of packet type 730. A packet type 730 provides data indicative of whether the packet 700 is one providing screen text, one setting a parameter for such screen text (e.g., the font of the text), or one providing only control information (e.g., an address to jump to if a particular user selection is made from the current screen, or an action to take if no user selection is made within a particular "time-out" duration of time). In an alternate embodiment, one other packet type 730 might indicate that the data of that packet are to be used for drawing graphical images on the display 300. Following the packet type 730 is an eight bit starting address 740. In the case of packet types 730 indicative of text to be displayed on a screen, starting address 740 is used to provide a starting row and column on the display 300 for such text. In the case of packet types 730 used to control jumps to other addresses, starting address 740 is used to provide the address to be jumped to. Following the starting address is a variable length text body segment 750 containing text, if any, to be displayed on display 300. In a preferred embodiment, conventional techniques, such as a simple header, are used to indicate the length of the text bodv segment 750. Finally, a 16 bit error correction segment 760 is included in the packet 700 so that conventional error-checking methods may be used to validate the received data, as mentioned previously in connection with FIGS. 2 and 5.

In a simplified alternate embodiment, a fixed hierarchical structure may be used for the data and the display 300, thereby eliminating the need for variable-length packets 700. For instance, a "block" structure may be employed, in which each program material selection has, corresponding to it, a block of data of a fixed size. As a specific example, the menu structure may be three levels deep, with menus in each level except for the last providing three choices for subsequent menus. If each menu is constrained to a given number of text characters, then fixed addresses may be used for each screen of the hierarchy. Thus, while flexibility is sacrificed, increased data throughput is possible, since addressing of data is implicit in the structure and there is no need to transmit a unique address for each portion of data. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily apply an appropriate data structure to the particular requirements of any system in accordance with the present invention.

Referring again to FIG. 8, there is shown a flow diagram of a menu hierarchy in accordance with the present invention. The menu hierarchy of FIG. 8 corresponds to the displays illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the diagram of FIG. 8, a main menu 800 provides the user with four choices for second-level screens 801-804. Screen 801 in turn provides the user with two choices for additional screens, one of which is main menu screen 800, and the second of which is a "Screen 12" 812. Screens 800-804 and 812 are shown using larger boxes to indicate that those screens are shown directly, or are indicated as possible screen selections, in FIGS. 3 and 4.

In the example of FIG. 8, other screen choices are available as well. For instance, "Screen 2" 802 provides four screen choices 822-824, and one of those choices, 822, provides yet another choice of a screen 825, which itself permits another choice, of screen 826. This structure may be used where information on a particular subject is so lengthy that three screens are required to present it.

Similarly, "Screen 3" 803 provides two choices 831, 832. Screen 832 also provides three choices, screens 833-835. "Screen 4" 804 provides three choices 841-843. Anv configuration of screens may be employed for a given selection of program material, as suits the program material itself. The only limitations on such structure are transmission time for the data and available memorv to store such data at the receiver. In an alternative embodiment, even if there is not sufficient memory to store all data in the hierarchy, a small "scratchpad" memory may be used to store user-requested data that are low in the hierarchy the next time it is transmitted. In such a manner, a very complex hierarchy may be used, without the need for large receiver data memory, but at the added cost of a potentially slower response time.

For purposes of clarity., FIG. 8 only illustrates one return path to main menu 800. It should be recognized, however, that in a preferred embodiment, every screen at the bottom of the hierarchy provides the user with a choice to return to a main menu 800. In addition, other screens may provide this choice as well, and may provide the user with the possibility of jumping directly to immediately preceding screens ("parents" in the hierarchy) or even to screens elsewhere in the hierarchy. The paths for navigation through the hierarchy are not fixed in any way, and may be different for each selection of program material (i.e., each musical piece).

Referring now to FIG. 9, there is shown a diagram of menu choices available from programmer terminal 112 of transmitting system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. As previously mentioned, programmer terminal 112 permits entry of data associated with programming material. In a preferred embodiment, a menu-driven user interface provides a flexible configuration for entering various types of data. A main menu 900 permits the programmer to choose operations concerning a music database, an advertising database, a fallback database, and possibly other databases. These databases are portions of screen storage database 156, discussed previously in connection with FIG. 1a.

A music database menu 901 provides the programmer with three choices for further operations. An update menu 911 allows the programmer to download music database updates, for instance information provided by a third-party database service. This information may be available on magnetic disk, optical disk, magnetic tape, or may be accessed through an on-line service. This information mav typically contain an identification portion identifying a particular musical selection in a manner compatible with program material recognizer 106, and title and artist information of the sort described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4 above. In a preferred embodiment, an existing database is merely updated by inputting new or changed information, but an entirely new database of information could also be downloaded in accordance with the present invention.

Modify menu 912 permits the programmer to change information that is currently in the music database. For instance, if there is a constraint on the amount of information that may be stored in transmitting system 100, modify menu 912 permits a programmer to delete information for musical selections for which such information is no longer required. For example, if a radio station changes the format of the music that it plays from classical to jazz, it may not be sensible to maintain classical information in the database. Programmers with greater constraints on storage space may even delete information on songs that are "stale" and will only be played rarely, if at all, in the future. Conventional techniques are used in modify menu 912 to allow a programmer to search for and select particular items for deletion.

Modify menu 912 also permits the programmer to add localized information to the database. Such information mav include, for instance, the date, time-and place of an upcoming local performance of a particular musical selection, or may be used to add information for selections that are not included in the general database downloaded using update menu 911. Conventional techniques are used to permit the programmer to customize anv of the receiver screens, e.g., those displayed in FIGS. 3 and 4, to provide such localized information. In some circumstances, it may be desired to limit the ability of local stations to modify information for a particular selection, and conventional bit-switch techniques may be used to allow or deny such modifications. If local modifications are desired, these may supplement or replace the information downloaded using update menu 911. In cases where a programmer wishes to add information for a programming selection not included in the general database downloaded using update menu 911, the modify menu 912 also permits the programmer to record and store a "footprint" of the new programming selection so that it may be recognized by program material recognizer 106.

Print menu 913 permits the programmer to print various reports regarding the information that has previously been stored using update menu 911 and modify menu 912.

If the programmer selects the advertising database menu 902, the programmer may perform a number of operations relating to data that will be transmitted along with advertising program material. Update menu 921 provides functions similar to update menu 911 of music database 901. Update menu 921 may be used, for example, to load an advertising database with information that is to be transmitted along with particular commercial announcements. Modify menu 922 provides capabilities for adding, deleting and changing advertising information. In addition to the functions discussed in connection with the modify menu 912 of music database menu 901, modify menu 922 also permits the programmer to schedule dates for a particular advertisement to begin and end, so that the associated data may be added and deleted from a database of active advertisements as needed.

Link menu 923 provides the programmer with both internal and external linking capabilities. Exemplary of internal linking is a facility to permit advertising information to selectively be broadcast during particular program selections. For instance, if an advertiser is sponsoring a local performance by a musician, any program material selections bv that musician might have associated with them messages from that advertiser. Exemplary of external linking is a facility to permit a conventional "traffic" software package that keeps track of advertisement schedules, rotations, and changes, to interface with the advertising database. As an example of the use of such external linking, when a traffic director deletes a completed advertising campaign, all of the information that was stored in the advertising database for that campaign will automatically be deleted.

Print menu 924 generates and prints reports concerning the advertising database as desired by the programmer. For instance, the programmer may request a report of all entries corresponding to advertisers having ad information that is to be transmitted during news broadcasts on the main (i.e., audio) channel.

If the programmer selects the fallback database menu 903, various operations may be performed on information that is to be transmitted when program material other than music or advertising is being transmitted or when the program material being transmitted is not recognized by program material recognizer 106. For example, one fallback choice would be transmitting the station's call sign, location, and logo, or the current time. Another might be a rotating set of messages regarding upcoming programs. As a further example of use of the fallback database, if program source detector 108 described in connection with FIG. 1 determines that a "sports microphone" is the currently selected device, current sports standings or statistics stored in the fallback database may be transmitted for display on a user's receiver display panel 300. Update menu 931 permits the programmer to download new information for this database in a manner similar to that described in connection with update menus 911 and 921. Modify menu 932 permits the programmer to make further additions, changes, or deletions to this database, and is similar in operation to the facility described in connection with modifv menus 912 and 922. Print menu 933 allows the programmer to generate and print reports concerning the contents of the fallback database, and is similar to the print menus 913 and 924 previously described.

If the programmer selects the other databases menu 904, various operations may be performed concerning any other databases supported by the transmitting system 100. One example of such other databases is a schedule for upcoming advertisements or promotions. Another database might be a horoscope database for transmission of astrological information at pre-set times regardless of what program material is being transmitted. Yet a third example of a database accessible through the other databases menu 904 is information for an automated interactive listener call-in fax service, in which a listener uses the telephone handset of a fax machine to request facsimile printouts of information corresponding to recently transmitted program material. This last database might provide listeners not having receivers with associated data capability, e.g., receiver 200, with a mechanism to obtain similar information about program material selections.

In an alternative embodiment, the system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 may also be used to provide personal messages to users. A personal identification code may be stored in data memory 203 or in other available memory within receiving system 200. This identification code may be entered by the user or may be predetermined, for instance by using a serial number for receiving system 200 as the identification code. A radio station operating the transmission system 100 may include in the associated data provided by data stream generator 105 a personal message (e.g., a song dedication or a promotional prize announcement) to a listener using known information as to the personal identification code stored in that listener's receiving system 200. User interface apparatus 206 performs a simple check to see whether such any such personal messages received have matching personal identification codes, and permits display (or output to card recorder 207) of only those personal messages where such a match is detected. One application of such a facility is to allow listeners calling the radio station to request personal dedications to their loved ones who may be listening at another location. In another application, stations themselves can offer promotional prizes through electronic coupons to only those listeners who have pre-registered their identification codes and are listening when it is announced that a listener's prize coupon is available for recording on a data card.

In a second alternate embodiment, an associated data capability may be added to video programming material. For example, a menu screen might appear as an inset to a television picture, and the user might be given a choice to receive data concerning the soundtrack of a motion picture that is currently being viewed. Similarly, a conventional pointing device, or "mouse" might be available for the user to select portions of a video picture for which the user might desire additional information. Thus, if a fashion model is displaying clothes, jewelry and a particular hairstyle, the user might position the cursor on a piece of jewelry and then click the pointing device to obtain a description of the jewelry and information on how to order it.

In yet another alternate embodiment, the data associated with the programming could be data corresponding to a software computer program. For instance, a television or radio station could transmit an entire software program to the user during a particular segment of audio/video programming. That software may or may not be directly associated with the audio/video programming being sent, but would typically be of interest to one interested in that audio/video programming. As one specific example, a station might transmit, along with a children's cartoon, game software for a home entertainment computer including the same characters as in the cartoon. The software may be transmitted gradually throughout the audio/video program, or even during commercial breaks, to give the user an incentive not to change stations during the data transmission. In another aspect of this embodiment, stations may transmit software in small portions throughout the broadcast day, either to individual groups or to all listeners/viewers, thus providing a further incentive for such listeners/viewers to stay tuned to tb.e station. This software downloading capability could also be employed to provide updated system software for use directly by receiver 200, or could alternatively be employed to download software completely unrelated to the audio/video program material being transmitted by the station.

In yet another alternate embodiment, information such as a winning lottery number may be transmitted, either along with audio/video programming relating to the lottery drawing or at other times. A simple memory configuration in the user's receiver could store such information, either for later manual review bv the user or for automatic comparison against the user's previously entered lottery number selections.

From the above description, it will be apparent that the invention disclosed herein provides a novel and advantageous broadcast system with associated data capabilities, in which program material is recognized at the broadcast studio and corresponding data is transmitted therewith, and in which a receiving system includes a flexible menu display user interface and magnetic card reader. The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary methods and embodiments of the present invention. As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.