Instant Printer for Volumetric Imaging of Data From Electromagnetic Radiation Output Device

This invention relates to improvement in the display of images which occur in two dimensions but which can be displayed in three dimensions. More particularly, the invention relates to the three-dimensional display of data from an electromagnetic radiation output device using lenticular screen technology.

An electromagnetic radiation output device, such as, but not limited to, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus is used to analyze various organs of the human body by obtaining a two-dimensional scan of the particular organs to obtain data which indicates the health of a patient. The data are generally presented for analyses on two-dimensional photographic films which can be enlarged as desired to bring out the details of the particular body organs under study.

Computer techniques have been developed up to the present time in which such data from an MRI apparatus can be presented on a CRT or LCD screen of a computer in such a way that, when wearing binocular eye glasses, a clinician is able to observe the images of the presented data from, for example, an MRI apparatus in three dimensions.

Typically, an organ under study is imaged by a computer having a controller, a program and a keyboard which cooperate to cause the image to appear as a two-dimensional image on the CRT screen. The image is caused to rotate about a generally vertical axis which is arbitrarily selected or to translate relative to a predetermined reference so that, when the two-dimensional, rotational image is viewed by a clinician with binocular eye glasses, the image appears to the clinician as a three-dimensional image and appears further to be rotating around the selected axis or translated relative to the reference. Thus, detail of the organ under study can quickly be observed and a diagnosis of the condition of the organ can be made on the basis of the three-dimensional image viewed on the CRT or LCD screen of the computer. While the binocular eye glass viewing of the image on the computer CRT screen is satisfactory, improvements are needed to simplify the presentation of data to be analyzed. The present invention provides such improvements.

The present invention is directed to a system using an image processor (scanning device) between the viewing screen of an electromagnetic radiation output device (data source) and a recording medium, such as a lenticular film or other recording medium.

The data source can be an x-ray beam, CRT display, LED display, active matrix TFT, a laser beam or ultraviolet light. The recording medium can be film, CCD, IR sensor, UV sensor, and the like. Thus, the system disclosed herein is operable in any form in which a 3-D model can be displayed and rotated in a manner in which radiation can be emitted and processed by a scanning mechanism and then captured on a permanent or semi-permanent medium.

A computer is operated under the influence of a controller coupled to a program or algorithm and a keyboard which will cause the data from the electromagnetic source to be presented to the CRT screen as a shiftable two-dimensional image. The image presented to the viewing screen is the detail represented by the data collected by the electromagnetic source.

The image on the CRT screen passes in the form of light rays through a lens assembly including an achromatic lens in which a curtain shutter with a vertical slit is movable past a horizontal slot in a fixed shutter member such that the image of the detail on the viewing screen is in the form of light rays. Thus, a continuum of views of the image will be projected downstream of the lens assembly after passing through the shutter.

The achromatic lens is a wide diameter lens, such as 5 to 6 inches in diameter. The light rays from the lens subtends an arc of 10.degree. to 30.degree.. The focal length of the lens is typically 24 inches.

A lenticular film is mounted at a location spaced a distance equal to twice the focal length of the achromatic lens and in a position to intercept the light rays representing the continuum mentioned above. The lenticules of the lenticular film focus the light rays on the emulsion side of the film which is away from the rear face of the lenticular screen attached to the film itself. The film is then processed in the normal manner and the film will be provided with a matrix in which the continuum of images is viewable as a three-dimensional image by viewing the film through the lenticular screen.

In another embodiment of the invention, a copy lens is placed between the image display on the computer viewing screen and a grating, such as a Ronchi grating which is a nine-to-one ratio grating, is used. A sensitive film having an emulsion engageable with the back side of the Ronchi grating is forwardly of a stationary lenticular screen having the film thereon. A motor drives the Ronchi grating transversely of the film and the light rays from the copy lens strikes the grating when an electronic shutter adjacent to the lens is triggered. Thus, the rotating image about an arbitrary axis shown on the CRT or LCD viewing screen will be represented by light rays which pass through the copy lens and the shutter and onto the front face of the grating. The light rays pass through the grating and expose the emulsion of the film with a series or continuum of views representing the rotating image or translated image. The film can then be processed and the continuum of images exposed on the film can be viewed through the lenticular screen or through a Ronchi grating, as three-dimensional images of the two-dimensional image initially shown on the viewing screen and representing the source data. In the alternative, the grating can remain stationary while the film on the lenticular screen moves relative to the grating.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the following specification progresses, reference being had to the accompanying drawings for an illustration of several embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an optical apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, showing a curtain shutter adjacent to a lens assembly for triggering the apparatus;

FIG. 1A is a front elevational view of the viewing screen of a CRT or LCD unit;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the curtain shutter;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing another, preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for carrying out the method of the present invention; and

FIG. 4 is a view of the embodiment of FIG. 3, showing a flat panel LCD or CRT display spaced from a grating and a lenticular film.

The optical system for carrying out the first embodiment of the method of the present invention is broadly denoted by the numeral 10 and includes a housing 11 containing a monitor, such as a television monitor 12, which has a flat panel viewing screen which can be an LCD or CRT flat panel display. For purposes of illustration, monitor 12 is a Zenith ZCM-1490 CRT unit.

The monitor 12 provides an image source for the rest of the optical schematic 10, including a lens system 14 between monitor 12 and a lenticular film 16. The lens systems includes a first achromatic lens 18 in a lens support 19, lens 18 being spaced a distance 2 F from the flat panel display of monitor 12 (F is the focal length of lens system 14). A second achromatic lens 20 is carried by lens support 19 and is spaced a distance 2 F from the lenticular film 16.

Lens system 14 further includes curtain shutter 28 (FIG. 2) adjacent to a disk member 22 having a horizontal slot 24 therein and mounted within the lens support 19 of lens assembly 14 between the two achromatic lenses 18 and 20. Curtain shutter 28 has a vertical slit 30 therein. The vertical slit 30 of member 28 travels across horizontal slot 24 during the exposure period. Means 32 coupled with member 28 causes the curtain of member 28 to move relative to the horizontal slot 24 of member 22. During the exposure period, light rays from an image on the viewing screen pass through the lenses 18 and 20 and strike the lenticular surface of film 16. The image on the viewing screen will shift as described above.

A frame or member holder 36 outlines an opening 38 for receiving light rays from lens assembly 14 which strikes the lenticular member 40 and then is focused on the lenticular film 16, the emulsion 43 of the film facing away from the lens 18.

The steps in carrying out the first embodiment of the method of the present invention are as follows:

1. Load the lenticular film 16 in the optical system of FIG. 1 with the film emulsion side against the holder 36;

2. Place the film holder 36 in the metering back position;

3. While the shutter 28 is closed, set the speed of the curtain shutter 28 (match the speed of the video rotation or translation sequence);

4. Pull out the dark slide of the film holder 36;

5. Trigger the start curtain shutter 28 in video rotation or translation sequence;

6. Close the shutter 28;

7. Remove the film holder 36 from the housing; and

8. Follow the Polaroid processing instructions.

The apparatus for carrying out the method which is the second embodiment of the present invention is denoted by the numeral 70 and includes a housing 72 having a wall 74 midway between the ends thereof for mounting an electronic shutter 76 adjacent to an achromatic lens 78. At the upstream end of the housing, the open end 80 in the housing 72 is adjacent to the viewing screen 82 of a television monitor, such as an LCD or CRT monitor. For purposes of illustration, the monitor 89 is comprised of a Zenith Tension-Mask Flat Panel CRT Model ZCM-L490. The flat panel display 82 is approximately 24" from the achromatic lens 78 adjacent to the electric shutter 76.

Lens 78 is also about 24" from a Polaroid 8.times.10 film holder 90 having a metering back 92, the film holder 90 being supported on a frame 94 which closes one end of the housing 72. Moreover, a lenticular negative film 96 lies flat against a grating 98 and a motor drive 100 drives the grating across the path of light rays emanating from the image on the viewing screen and passing through lens system 78. The lenticular film associated with drive 100 does not move during the exposure period. The grating slides one pitch line during exposure. The is the same pitch as the lenticular film pitch.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged partly schematic view of the system of FIG. 3, showing the lens system 78 spaced from monitor 82 which can be an LCD or CRT flat panel display. A grating 96 has grating face 96a in the rear of the grating as shown in FIG. 4 and the rear of grating 96 is adjacent to the film 97 which has a sensitive emulsion. Stationary lenticular screen 99 mounts the film on the front face thereof.

A screw 100 mounted by a bracket 102 on support 104 is coupled to the stepper motor 106, and stepper motor 106 advances the grating in accordance with a predetermined sequence in sequence with the image movement on the screen of the monitor.

The method of operation of the system of FIGS. 3 and 4 includes the following steps:

1. Load the lenticular negative film emulsion side towards a dark slide;

2. Place the film holder in the frame of metering back;

3. Pull out the slide and bring the Ronchi grating into contact with the emulsion of the negative film;

4. Set the video sequence and the Ronchi grating at the starting point;

5. Open the shutter, start the video sequence and Ronchi motion simultaneously;

6. At the end of the video sequence, close the shutter and stop the Ronchi motion simultaneously;

7. Swing the Ronchi grating away from the film;

8. Replace the slide with a dark slide;

9. Remove the Polaroid holder;

10. Place the Polaroid holder, face up, on a processor tray; and

11. Follow the processor instructions of Polaroid.