US 5,539,431 AGrant
Display Controller for a Flat Display Apparatus
Issue Date:1996-07-23
•11 Claims
•15 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A display controller of a flat display apparatus which performs multiple color display and variable color display for display data read out of a lookup table. The lookup table comprises a parallel lookup table which has n (n.gtoreq.2) registers for storing color information and m selectors which receive n pieces of color information independently from the n registers, each select one of n pieces of color information, and deliver m pieces of color information simultaneously. The controller further comprises a data selector which selectively delivers the output of other register in the parallel lookup table in place of the register which has been made the read access.
Metadata
Assignees
- Hitachi, Ltd.
- Hitachi Video & Information System, Inc.
Inventors
- Kiyokazu Nishioka
- Masahiro Jinushi
- Nobuo Tsuchiya
Application Information
Application Number:US 2241773
Filing Date:1994-04-07
Priority Date:1990-11-30
Art Unit:269
Classifications
IPC:
G09G 506
Field of Search:
345358199;186;88500;530
Patent Drawings (15 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to a display controller for a flat display apparatus which is suitable for information processing apparatuses such as work stations using flat display panels such as liquid crystal display panels.
In currently available display controllers intended for fine display of information, as employed in work stations and the like, it is a general convention to speed up the multiple color and variable color functions based on a lookup table, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-37943. The following explains the above-mentioned prior art with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the conventional display controller. In the figure, indicated by 1 is an oscillator which generates a base clock (dot clock) 2, with each clock pulse corresponding to a pixel (dot) of display, and 3 is a timing signal generation circuit which produces various timing signals from the dot clock 2. 4 is a character clock of a 8-dot interval produced by the timing signal generation circuit, and 5 is a display address generation circuit which repeatedly generates the display addresses for one frame in accordance with the character clock 4. 6 is the memory address (display address) produced by the display address generation circuit 5, 71 and 72 are display memories which store display information provided by a computer MPU (not shown), and 81 and 82 are 8-bit display data which are read out of the display memories (A, B) 71 and 72 in accordance with the display address 6. Each address of both display memories 71 and 72 is assigned to a display dot on the liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, and accordingly 8-bit display data 81 and 82 read out of these memories are in bit-by-bit correspondence.
Indicated by 10 is a parallel-to-serial conversion circuit which converts the 8-bit display data into bit-serial dot data (display data) 111 and 112, and 12 is a lookup table with 2-bit input and 4-bit output in this example which is used for multiple color display and variable color display.
FIG. 2 shows the structure of the lookup table 12. In the figure, indicated by 261 is color information provided by the computer MPU (not shown), 262 is a write address provided by the computer MPU, 121 is a decoder which decodes the write address 262 to produce four kinds of outputs, 122a through 122d are write signals which are the decoded outputs of the decoder 121, and 123a through 123d are 4-bit registers which hold display color informaiton 261 by being strobed by the write signals 122a-122d, respectively. Accordingly, the computer MPU selects one of the registers 123a-123d by issuing the write address 262 of a certain value to thereby set the color information 261 therein.
Indicated by 124a through 124d are 4-bit color information read out of the registers 123a-123d, 125 is a selector which selectively conducts one of the four inputs (color information 124a-124d) in response to a 2-bit value of the dot data 111 and 112, and 13 is 4-bit color data selected by the selector 125. Accordingly, based on the values of the dot data 111 and 112 supplied to the lookup table 12, one of color information held in the registers 123a-123d is selected and delivered as color data 13.
Returning to FIG. 1, indicated by 17 is a CRT display unit, which displays the color data 13 from the lookup table 12 as visual information of m dots by n lines. 18 and 19 are vertical and horizontal sync signals produced from the dot clock 2 by the timing generation circuit 3.
Next, the operation of the display controller arranged as described above will be explained.
Display information stored in locations pointed by the display address 6 which is provided by the display address generation circuit 5 is read out of the display memories 71 and 72. Both information in 8-bit length is fed to the parallel-to-serial conversion circuit 10 as display data 81 and 82. The parallel-to-serial conversion circuit 10 converts the 8-bit display data 81 and 82 into bit-serial data, with each bit representing a dot, and the resulting dot data 111 and 112 are fed to the lookup table 12.
The lookup table 12 stores four sets of color information which have been preset by the computer MPU (not shown) as mentioned above, and it selectively delivers one of four sets of color information as color data to the CRT display unit 17 in response to the value of dot data 111 and 112.
The display address generation circuit 5 generates the display addresses for one frame sequentially, and consequently the CRT display unit 17 is supplied with display data for one frame as color data 13. The CRT display unit 17 displays the dot-wise color data 13 as visual information, and in response to the horizontal sync signal 19, which is produced after m dots have been displayed, it displays data on the next line. This operation is repeated for n lines, and the sequence returns to the top line in response to the vertical sync signal 18.
Through the iteration of the above operations, display information stored in the display memories 71 and 72 is displayed on the CRT display unit 17.
Generally, conventional display apparatuses used for information processing apparatuses such as work stations and personal computers have their display controller contemplating the reduction of noises created on the display screen during a read access made by the MPU to the lookup table which converts data read out of the display data memory (will be termed "VRAM") into data having the format of the display unit during the period when display data is fed to the screen (will be termed "display period"), as described in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 62-161194.
Recently, work stations are in the transition of being demand from the desktop type using a CRT display unit to the laptop type which is more compact and space-saving by employing a liquid crystal display panel. In order to meet the demand, it is conceivable that the conventional display controller is provided with an additional interface circuit for the liquid crystal panel and is fabricated as an LSI device including the peripheral circuitry to thereby attain further compactness. However, the above-mentioned prior art involves difficulties in LSI fabrication, particularly CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) LSI fabrication. The problems will be explained with reference to FIG. 3 which is a block diagram of a display controller derived from FIG. 1, with an interface circuit for a flat display panel such as a liquid crystal display panel being added thereto. Portions identical to those of FIG. 1 are referred to by the same symbols and their same arrangement and operation will not be explained.
In the figure, indicated by 15 is a serial-to-parallel conversion circuit which converts the color data 13 read out of the lookup table 12 into data of a certain number of bits for the flat display panel in accordance with the dot clock 2, and 161 through 164 are color data provided by the serial-to-parallel conversion circuit 15, i.e., four 4-bit color data for four dots in this example.
Indicated by 171 is a flat display panel having a screen area of m dots by n lines, 20 is a display enable signal indicative of the display period, and 21 is a data shift signal. The flat display panel 171 operates to latch the color data 161-164 sequentially in response to the data shift signal 21 and, after color data of m dots for one line has been latched, displays the data as visual information in response to the horizontal sync signal 19 which is produced for one clock period for every line. This operation is repeated for n lines thereby to display a frame of picture.
Assuming that the flat display panel 171 has a resolution of 1280 dots by 1024 lines and a frame frequency of 70 Hz, the dot clock 2 needs to have a frequency f.sub.DCLK as follows.
Accordingly, the timing signal generation circuit 3, parallel-to-serial conversion circuit 10, lookup table 12 and serial-to-parallel conversion circuit 15 need to operate at a speed comparable to 100 MHz, which is too fast for the high-density circuit integration based on the usual CMOS gate arrays or the like due to difficulties in the timing design (if not impossible) and also increased power dissipation.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the foregoing prior art deficiencies, and its primary object is to provide a display control method and apparatus which do not incur timing and power dissipation problems due to a high operating frequency when designed for high-density integration with CMOS gate arrays or the like.
Another object of this invention is to provide a display data control method and apparatus which reduce screen noises created by intermixing data other than correct display data in the display output due to a read access made by the MPU during the display period.
The first objective is achieved through the provision of means of reading multiple sets for color information simultaneously out of the lookup table and through the parallel operation of circuit systems in the display controller.
The second objective is achieved through the operation of the lookup table such that, for a circuit configuration of the k-bit parallel operation (k.gtoreq.2), read access to the n-th (n.ltoreq.k) lookup table by the MPU during the display period is fulfilled by the delivery of display data from the (n+1)th or (n-1)th lookup table. Alternatively, it is achieved through the delivery of a mean value of display data from the (n+1)th and (n-1)th lookup tables for display data for the n-th lookup table. Alternatively, it is achieved through the delivery of display data for the n-th lookup table by evaluating it based on interpolation of display data of the first, second, . . . , (n-1)th, (n+1)th, (k-1)th and k-th lookup tables.
The parallel read operation of the lookup tables for color information for display eliminates serial operations in the display controller, and it allows a lower dot clock frequency and affords to deal with the timing and power dissipation problems in accomplishing a high density integration.
In the circuit configuration of the k-bit (k.gtoreq.2) parallel operation, a read access to the n-th lookup table by the MPU during the display period is detected and then display data of the (n+1)th or (n-1)th lookup table is delivered for it, resulting in the same display data of the n-th, (n+1)th and (n-1)th lookup tables, and consequently screen noises can be reduced.
Through the delivery of a mean value of display data of the (n+1)th and (n-1)th lookup tables for the display data of the n-th lookup table, the differences of tones or colors between the (n-1)th and n-th display data and the n-th and (n+1)th display data are equalized, and consequently screen noises can be reduced.
Through the delivery of display data by evaluating it based on the interpolation of display data of the first, second, . . . , (n-1)th, (n+1)th, . . . , (k-1)th and k-th lookup tables, display data which is approximate to the inherent display data of the n-th lookup table is displayed, and consequently screen noises can be reduced.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a conventional display controller;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the lookup table used in the arrangement of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another conventional display controller;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the display controller for a flat display panel based on an embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the parallel lookup table used in the arrangement of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a modified parallel lookup table as the second embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the display controller based on the third embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 8 is a detailed block diagram of the parallel lookup table used in the arrangement of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the display data selector used in the arrangement of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing the operation of the display data selector;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the display data selector based on the fourth embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the display data selector based on the fifth embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the display data selector based on the sixth embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the display data selector based on the seventh embodiment of this invention; and
FIGS. 15 and 16 are a block diagram of the display controller based on the eighth embodiment of this invention and a detailed block diagram of the parallel lookup table used in it.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the display controller for a flat display apparatus based on an embodiment of this invention. In the figure, indicated by 1a is an oscillator which generates a base master clock 2a, each pulse being produced for every x dot (x is an integer greater than one), and 3a is a timing signal generation circuit which produces various timing signals from the master clock 2a. 22 is a data width conversion circuit, 231 and 232 are display block data of a x-dot width, and 24 is a parallel lookup table. 251 through 254 are color data, and 27 is a display interface for delivering the color data 251-254 to a flat display panel 171.
Indicated by 29 is an MPU which controls the overall system, 30 is a signal bus through which the MPU 29 transacts the address, data and control signals with the circuit blocks. 31 is the address and data supplied to display memories 71 and 72, with display data being stored sequentially into these display memories by the MPU 29 in every vertical blanking period, for example. Portions identical to those of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 are referred to by the same symbols and their same arrangement and operation will not be explained. For the simplicity of the following explanation, the number of dots x is fixed to four.
The data width conversion circuit 22 converts the 8-bit display data 81 and 82 read out of the display memories 71 and 72 into 4-bit data for every four dots to meet the input data format of the flat display panel 171 in response to the master clock 2a, and delivers the resulting block data 231 and 232 to the parallel lookup table 24. The parallel lookup table 24 responds to any of the four combinations of the four bits of block data 231 and 232, each having bit values of 2.sup.1 and 2.sup.0, to selectively deliver one of the preset four kinds of 4-bit color data 251-254.
FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the parallel lookup table 24, and it will be explained in conjunction with FIG. 4. In FIG. 5, indicated by 261 is color information provided by the MPU 29,262 is the address and control signals provided by the MPU 29,121 is a decoder which decodes the address and control signals 262 to produce four kinds of decoded outputs, 122a-122d are write signals produced by the decoder 121, and 123a-123d are 4-bit registers each latching color information 261 by being strobed by the respective write signal 123a-123d. Accordingly, the MPU 29 provides certain values for the address and control signals 262 to set color information 261 out of 16 colors of 4-bit data selectively to one of the registers 123a-123d.
Indicated by 124a through 124d are 4-bit color information read out of the registers 123a-123d. 321 is a 2-bit select signal made from the highest order bit (bit 3) of the block data 231 and 232, and similarly 322, 323 and 324 are each 2-bit select signals made from bit 2, bit 1 and bit 0, respectively, of the block data. Indicated by 125 is a selector which selectively conducts one of its four inputs 124a-124d in response to the 2-bit select signal 321, and similarly 126, 127 and 128 are selectors for delivering ones of their four inputs in response to the respective select signals 322, 323 and 324. The color information 124a-124d is fed to the four selectors 125-128 in parallel, and one of them delivers color information as one of color data 251-254 in response to a specific bit combination of bits 3-0 of the block data 231 and 232, e.g., color information 124a for "00", 124b for "01", 124c for "10", and 124d for "11". Accordingly, the selectors 125-128 arranged in parallel deliver different color information as color data 251-254 in response to different two bit values of the select signals 321-324.
Assuming that bit 3 through bit 0 of the block data 231 and 232 are display data for the 4l-th dot, (4l+1)th dot, (4l+2)th dot and (4l+3)th dot (where l is a positive integer), then the color data 251 is of the 4l-th dot, color data 252 is of the (4l+1)th dot, color data 253 is of the (4l+2)th dot and color data 254 is of the (4l+3)th dot. This circuit arrangement enables color data of four consecutive dots to be read out simultaneously and independently.
Returning to FIG. 4, the display interface 27 synchronizes the color data 251-254 read out of the parallel lookup table 24 with the data shift signal 21, and delivers the resulting color data 161-164 to the flat display panel 171. The flat display panel 171 receives the color data 161-164 as display data for the 4l-th dot, (4l+1)th dot, (4l+2)th dot and (4l+3)th dot (where l is a positive integer), and displays the data based on 16 kinds of color information carried by the four bits of each data.
According to this embodiment, the display controller has its internal process made 4-bit parallel, and the base clock frequency can be lowered to 1/4. Although this embodiment is the case of the 4-bit parallel operation, it is possible to have the x-bit parallel operation through the provision of x sets of selectors in the parallel lookup table 24 (where x is an integer greater than 1) and through the operation of the oscillator 1a to generate a base clock pulse for every x dot and of the data width conversion circuit 22 to convert the display data 81 and 82 into x-bit width for every x dot, and consequently the base clock frequency can be lowered to 1/x.
By designing the flat display panel 171 to have its input data width made equal to the number of dots x of parallel processing, the serial-to-parallel conversion circuit can be eliminated.
Although in this embodiment the parallel lookup table 24 is formed of registers and selectors, this invention is not confined to this arrangement, but any other hardware arrangement (e.g., memory) which simultaneously reads out multiple sets of color information that have been set by the MPU may be employed.
FIG. 6 shows the second embodiment of this invention which is a modification of the parallel lookup table 24 shown in FIG. 5. The parallel lookup table 24 of FIG. 6 has the provision of an independent selector 129 for read access made by the MPU 29. The basic operation of the parallel lookup table 24 is identical to that of FIG. 5. The decoder 1211 decodes the address and control signals 262 and delivers the write signals 122a-122d to the respective registers 123a-123d and the read select signal 325 to the selector 129.
The selector 129 selectively delivers one of the color information 124a-124d in response to the value of the select signal 325, which is comparable to the select signals 321-324, to the remaining four selectors 125-128. The MPU 29 sets certain values to the address and control signals 262 to thereby select any of the registers 123a-123d for writing or reading the color information 261 therefore. According to the second embodiment, the base clock frequency can be lowered through the parallel operation and the emergence of display noises due to an MPU read access can be suppressed.
Next, the third embodiment of this invention will be explained in detail. The applicant of the present invention has proposed in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 62-161194 the arrangement for reducing screen noises which emerge at a read access to the lookup table. The following embodiment of the present invention is to devise the reduction of screen noises caused by an MPU read access in an x-bit parallel circuit configuration.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the third embodiment of this invention which shares the basic arrangement with FIG. 4. Indicated by 2001 is an MPU, 2003 is a signal bus, and 2008 is an address generation circuit which compares with the display address generation circuit 5 in the preceding embodiment. A VRAM 2010 compares with the display memories (A, B) 71 and 72, and a display control circuit 2021 compares with the data width conversion circuit 22 and timing signal generation circuit 3a, etc. of the preceding embodiment. Paletts 2140-2143 form the parallel lookup table 24 in the preceding embodiment. An LCD interface 2031 compares with the display interface 29, and an LCD panel 2033 compares with the flat display panel 171 of the preceding embodiment. A feature of this embodiment is the provision of a display data selector 2034 for switching pallet output data between the pallets 2140-2143 and the LCD interface 2031.
FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of the parallel lookup table formed of the pallets 2140-2143. Each pallet has a pair of write port and read port and a memory 2240 (-2243) of the same capacity. Indicated by 20051 is the address signal, 20052 is the writing color information, 20053 is the reading color information, 1006 is the write signal, and 1042 is a selector for switching the read address 2125 of the memory 2243 depending on the output of an AND gate 1039. When the MPU 2001 makes a write access to the parallel lookup table 24, the write signal 1006 and chip select signal 2007 become active, the memory write signal 1007 is activated by the AND gate 1040, and the same color information is written to the same address of the memories 2240-2243 in the parallel lookup table 24. When the MPU 2001 makes a read access to the parallel lookup table 24, the read signal 2006 and chip select signal 2007 become active, the selector 1042 switches, the MPU issues an address 20051 for the read address 2125, and the color information 20053 (2029) is read out.
FIG. 9 shows a specific arrangement of the display data selector 2034 in FIG. 7. Indicated by 2039 is an AND gate for detecting the read signal 2006 and chip select signal 2007 issued by the MPU to the pallet, and 2042 is a selector for switching the pallet output data depending on the output of the AND gate 2039.
FIG. 10(b) is a timing chart showing the operation of the display data selector shown in FIG. 9.
In displaying the display data 2011 which has been stored in the VRAM 2010 by the MPU 2001 on the LCD panel 2033 in FIG. 7, the display data is read out of the VRAM 2010 and, after it has been rendered the blinking and masking process by the display control circuit 2021, entered to the pallets 2140-2143, which then deliver data 2026-2029 corresponding to the entered display data 2022-2025.
The operation followed by a read access made by the MPU 2001 to the pallet 2143 during the display period will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. With the read signal 2006 and chip select signal 2007 becoming active, the AND gate 1039 operates on the selector 2042 to deliver the output data 2028 for the display data 2038. Different from the usual readout operation shown in FIG. 10(a), the operation shown in FIG. 10(b) has the pallet access starting at point A, and "display 6" and "display 10" are placed in a location where the readout color information 20053 of MPU (FIG. 10(a)) is normally placed. By replacing the display data from the pallet accessed by the MPU 2001 with the display data provided by another pallet, the display data is prevented from being collapsed by the data resulting from a read access by the MPU. In this manner, the display data of a pallet next to an accessed pallet is delivered as the display data for the accessed pallet, and the emergence of screen noises can be reduced.
In this embodiment, in which data is read out of the pallet 2143 for the data of the MPU read access, the display data 2038 is provided by switching the pallet output data 2028 and 2029, but this invention is not confined to this scheme. For example, in a circuit arrangement where the pallet read out in response to the MPU read access is the pallet 2142, the pallet output data 2027 and 2028, or 2029 and 2028 are entered to the selector. The pallet output data which is delivered by switching during the MPU read access is of any pallet which either precedes or follows the pallet to be read out.
The fourth embodiment of this invention is the arrangement of the display data selector 2034 as shown in FIG. 11 for the display controller of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 10(c) is a timing chart showing the display operation based on the display data selector of FIG. 11.
In FIG. 11, indicated by 2039 is an AND gate for detecting the read signal and chip select signal 2007 issued by the MPU to the pallet, 2043 is an adder which sums the pallet output data 2029 and 2027 of pallets which precedes and follows the pallet of the MPU read access, 2045 is a circuit which divides the summed data 2044 in half, and 2042 is a selector which switches pallet output data to be delivered depending on the output of the AND gate 2039. In the second embodiment, it is assumed that the MPU makes a read access to read pallet data out of the pallet 2142 which delivers the pallet output data 2028.
The display operation when the MPU has made a read access to the pallet 2142 during the display period will be explained with reference to FIG. 11 and FIG. 10(c). With the read signal 2006 and chip select signal 2007 becoming active, the AND gate 2039 switches the selector 2042 so that it delivers the display data 2037 by summing the pallet output data 2027 and 2029 and dividing the result by two, i.e., a mean value of these pallet output data, of the pallets 2141 and 2143 which precedes and follows the pallet 2142. In the example of FIG. 10(c), the pallet access starts at point A, and mean value "display 6'" of "display 7" and "display 5", and mean value "display 10'" of "display 11" and "display 9" are placed in a location where the readout information 20053 is normally placed. In the second embodiment, display data of a pallet adjacent to the readout pallet is delivered intact for the MPU read access display data, whereas in the third embodiment, a mean value of display data of both adjacent pallets is delivered, which equalizes the change in tone between both adjacent display data, and consequently it becomes possible to reduce the emergence of screen noises. In the example shown in FIG. 11, in which data is read out of the pallet 2142 at a read access, the display data 2037 is provided by switching between the pallet output data 2028 and a mean value of the pallet output data 2027 and 2029, and the pallet read out by the MPU read access and the pallet output data to be entered to the selector are not confined to this embodiment. Instead, the circuit arrangement may be such that the pallet output data which is delivered by switching during the MPU read access is a mean value of output data of both pallets which precedes and follows the readout pallet. However, the circuit arrangement of this embodiment is effective only for monochrome display data and it cannot deal with color display data.
The fifth embodiment of this invention is the arrangement of the display data selector 2034 as shown in FIG. 12 for the display controller of the fourth embodiment. The timing chart of FIG. 10(c) also shows the display operation based on the display data selector of FIG. 12.
The fifth embodiment differs from the fourth embodiment in the display data selector 2034 which is intended for color display data, in contrast to that of the preceding embodiment for monochrome display data. Color display data consists of three color components including red (R), green (G) and blue (B), as shown in FIG. 12. On this account, the pallets are designed to deliver the RGB components, and averaging circuits are provided to deal with the R, G and B components independently. For a read access to the pallet 2142 during the display period, mean values of the pallet output data 2027 and 2029 of the pallets 2141 and 2143 before and after the readout pallet 2142 evaluated for the R, G and B components separately are delivered for the display data 2037. According to the fourth embodiment, mean values of display data of adjacent pallets are evaluated for the R, G and B components separately and delivered for the output display data of the pallet at the MPU read access, and consequently it becomes possible to reduce the emergence of screen noises. In the example of FIG. 12, in which data is read out of the pallet 2142 at the MPU read access, the display data 2037 is delivered by switching between the pallet output data 2028 and the mean value of the pallet output data 2027 and 2029, but, the pallet which is read out for the MPU read access and the pallet output data to be entered to the selector are not confined to the manner of this embodiment. Instead, the circuit arrangement may be such that the pallet output data which is delivered by switching during the MPU read access is a mean value of output data of both pallets which precedes and follows the readout pallet.
The sixth embodiment of this invention is the arrangement of the display data selector 34 as shown in FIG. 13 for the display controller of the fourth embodiment. The timing chart of FIG. 10(c) also shows the display operation based on the display data selector of FIG. 13.
In FIG. 13, indicated by 2039 is an AND gate for detecting an access to a pallet, 2047 is a circuit which evaluates the value of the pallet output data 2028 through the interpolation of values of the pallet output data 2029, 2027 and 2026, and 2042 is a selector which switches pallet output data to be delivered depending on the output of the AND gate 2029. In this circuit arrangement, when the MPU makes a read access to the pallet 2142 during the display period, the AND gate 2039 which detects a read access to the pallet operates on the selector 2042 so that data 2048, which is produced by interpolation of output data 2029, 2027 and 2026 of all pallets that are not read out, is delivered for the display data 2037. In the exmaple of FIG. 10(c), the pallet access starts at point a, and "display 6'" resulting from the interpolation of "display 4", "display 5" and "display 7", and "display 10'" resulting from the interpolation of "display 8", "display 9" and "display 11" is placed in location where readout information 20053 of MPU is normally placed. In this manner, the output display data for the pallet of MPU read access is replaced by data which is evaluated by interpolation of display data of adjacent pallets so that data which is approximate to the inherent output display data is delivered, whereby the emergence of screen noises can be reduced. In the example of FIG. 11, in which data is read out of the pallet 2142 at the MPU read access, the output data 2037 is delivered by switching between the pallet output data 2028 and the interpolated data 2048, however, the pallet which is read out for the MPU read access and the pallet output data to be entered to the selector are not confined to the manner of this embodiment. However, the circuit arrangement of this embodiment is effective only for monochrome display data and it cannot deal with color display data.
The seventh embodiment of this invention is the arrangement of the display data selector 34 as shown in FIG. 14 for the display controller of the sixth embodiment. The timing chart of FIG. 10(c) also shows the display operation based on the display data selector of FIG. 14.
The seventh embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in the display data selector 2034 which is intended for color display data, in contrast to that of the preceding embodiment for monochrome display data. Color display data consists of three color components including red (R), green (G) and blue (B), as shown in FIG. 14. On this account, display data interpolation circuits 2047 are provided to deal with the R, G and B components independently. For a read access to the pallet 2142 during the display period, data 2481, 2482 and 2483 produced by interpolation for the R, G and B components of output data 2029, 2027 and 2026 of pallets which are not read out by the MPU are delivered for the display data 2037. According to the seventh embodiment, data resulting from interpolation of display data of the adjacent pallets are evaluated for the R, G and B components separately and delivered for the output display data of the pallet at the MPU read access so that data which is approximate to the inherent output display data is delivered, and consequently it becomes possible to reduce the emergence of screen noises. In the example of FIG. 14, in which data is read out of the pallet 2142 at the MPU read access, the display data 2037 is delivered by switching between the pallet output data 2028 and the interpolated data 2481, 2482 and 2483, however, the pallet which is read out for the MPU read access and the pallet output data to be entered to the selector are not confined to the manner of this embodiment. Instead, the circuit arrangement may be such that the pallet output data which is delivered by switching during the MPU read access is data which is evaluated by interpolation of the R, G and B components of other pallets adjacent to the readout pallet.
FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 show the eighth embodiment of this invention. A feature of this embodiment is the provision, in the parallel lookup table 24, of a pallet 2144 which is dedicated to the access from the MPU 2001. In the arrangement of the parallel lookup table 24 shown in detail in FIG. 16, the MPU-access-only pallet 2144 is provided independently of the four pallets 2140-2143 which process display color information to the flat display panel, and therefore the read access made by the MPU 2001 does not affect the display color information. Accordingly, the AND gates 1039 and 1042 provided for the pallet which is made read access as shown in FIG. 8 are no more necessary. Moreover, the output of the parallel lookup table 24 can be delivered intact to the flat display panel 2203, and therefore the display data selector 2034 shown in FIG. 7 is not necessary.
Although the foregoing embodiments are of the case of 4-bit parallel circuit arrangement, the present invention is equally applicable to other parallel circuit arrangements of 2 bits or more, such as of the 6-bit parallel and 8-bit parallel operations.
According to the embodiments of this invention described above in detail, the display circuit has its base clock frequency lowered to 1/2 of the dot clock frequency (in 2-bit parallel operation), 1/4 of the dot clock frequency (in 4-bit parallel operation), or 1/x of the dot clock frequency (in x-bit parallel operation), whereby a fine display controller which needs a dot clock as high as 100 MHz can readily be fabricated as a LSI deivce.
In the display circuit of the k-bit (k.gtoreq.2) parallel configuration, when the MPU makes a read access to the lookup table during the display period, the display data for the n-th (n.ltoreq.k) lookup table in MPU read access is replaced with the display data of the (n+1)th or (n-1)th lookup table, and the emergence of screen noises can be reduced.
Alternatively, the display data of the n-th lookup table is replaced with a mean value of the (n+1)th and (n-1)th display data, which equalizes the change in tone or color between the (n-1)th and n-th display data and between the n-th and (n+1)th display data, and the emergence of screen noises can be reduced.
Alternatively, by delivering the display data for the n-th lookup table through the interpolation of display data of the first, second, . . . , (n-1)th, (n+1)th, . . . , and k-th lookup tables, display data which is approximate to the display data of the n-th lookup table to be displayed inherently is displayed, and the emergence of screen noises can be reduced.
Many different embodiments of the present invention may be constructed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this specification. To the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims
We claim:
1. A display controller for a flat display apparatus, comprising: a display address generation circuit which generates display addresses sequentially; a display memory which stores pixel display data and reads out said pixel display data in response to a display address provided by said display address generation circuit; a parallel lookup table which converts pixel display data read out of said display memory into color designating data for respective pixels with a data format to be output to a display device; and a flat display device which displays an image made up of a plurality of pixels from the data provided by said parallel lookup table; wherein said parallel lookup table comprises: n (n is an integer greater than 1) memories, each storing n pieces of color pixels of color pixel designating information, wherein one of said n pieces of color pixel designating information thus stored is output, m pieces of select signals from among said pixel display data output from said display memory are provided to each of said n memories as an address, said m pieces of select signals from among said pixel display data correspond to display data to be displayed on said flat display apparatus; m selectors (where m is an integer greater than one), each connected to said n memory devices independently, for receiving n pieces of color pixel designating information stored in said n memory device and for outputting m pieces of color pixel designating information for m pixels simultaneously by each selector selecting one from said n pieces of color pixel designating information according to said pixel display data read out of said display memory; selection means which is independent of said m selectors, for receiving n pieces of pixel color designating information read out of said n memory devices, and delivering pixel color designating information selectively read out of an arbitrary memory device in response to a read access made by a processor which implements the system control for the display controller of the flat display apparatus; wherein said m pieces of color pixel information correspond to display data to be displayed on said flat display apparatus of an adjacent m pixels.
2. A display controller according to claim 1, wherein said m pieces of pixel color designating information of said parallel lookup table have a data width equal to the input data width of said flat display device.
3. A display controller according to claim 1, wherein said parallel lookup table comprises k pallets (where k.gtoreq.2), which are arranged in parallel, each adapted to store pixel color designating information and select a piece of pixel color designating information independently in response to pixel display data received from said display memory, and deliver k pieces of pixel color designating information simultaneously, and wherein said display controller comprises a data selector which receives output data of said k pallets and delivers the output of another pallet, in place of the pallet to which the read access is made, to said flat display device.
4. A display controller according to claim 3, wherein said data selector delivers, for display data of the n-th (where n.ltoreq.k) pallet, to which the read access is made, output data of either (n+1)th or (n-1)th pallet adjacent to said n-th pallet.
5. A display controller according to claim 3, wherein said data selector delivers, for display data of the n-th (where n.ltoreq.k) pallet, to which the read access is made, any of averaged data of display data of the adjoining (n+1)th pallet and (n-1)th pallet, averaged data of display data of the adjoining (n+1)th pallet and (n+2)th pallet, or averaged data of display data of the adjoining (n-1)th pallet and (n-2)th pallet.
6. A display controller according to claim 5, wherein said pixel color designating information is processed for the R, G and B signals independently, and the averaging process for the pallet, to which the read access is made, is implemented for the R, G and B signals independently.
7. A display controller according to claim 3, wherein said data selector delivers, for display data of the n-th (where n.ltoreq.k) pallet, to which the read access is made, data produced through the interpolation of output data of all pallets excluding the n-th pallet.
8. A display controller according to claim 7, wherein said pixel color designating information is processed for the R, G and B signals independently, and the averaging process for the pallet, to which the read access is made, is implemented for the R, G and B signals independently.
9. A display controller according to claim 1, wherein said m pieces of pixel color designating information of said parallel lookup table have a data width equal to the input data width of said flat display device.
10. A display controller for a flat display apparatus, comprising: a display address generation circuit which generates display addresses sequentially; a display memory which stores pixel display data and reads out said pixel display data in response to a display address provided by said display address generation circuit; a parallel lookup table which converts pixel display data read out of said display memory into color designating data for respective pixels with a data format to be output to a display device; and a flat display device which displays an image made up of a plurality of pixels from the data provided by said parallel lookup table; wherein said parallel lookup table comprises: a plurality of lookup table devices including n memory devices (where n is an integer greater than one), each for storing color pixel designating information; and m selectors (where m is an integer greater than one), each connected to said n memory devices independently, for receiving n pieces of color pixel designating information stored in said n memory device and for outputting m pieces of color pixel designating information for m pixels simultaneously by each selector selecting one from said n pieces of color pixel designating information according to said pixel display data read out of said display memory; wherein said m pieces of color pixel information corresponds to display data to be displayed on said flat display apparatus of an adjacent m pixels, and said m pieces of pixel color designating information of said parallel lookup table have a data width equal to the input data width of said flat display device.
11. A display controller for a flat display apparatus, comprising: a display address generation circuit which generates display addresses sequentially; a display memory which stores pixel display data and reads out said pixel display data in response to a display address provided by said display address generation circuit; a parallel lookup table which converts pixel display data read out of said display memory into color designating data for respective pixels with a data format to be output to a display device; and a flat display device which displays an image made up of a plurality of pixels from the data provided by said parallel lookup table; wherein said parallel lookup table comprises: a plurality of lookup table devices including n memory devices (where n is an integer greater than one), each for storing color pixel designating information; and m selectors (where m is an integer greater than one), each connected to said n memory devices independently, for receiving n pieces of color pixel designating information stored in said n memory device and for outputting m pieces of color pixel designating information for m pixels simultaneously by each selector selecting one from said n pieces of color pixel designating information according to said pixel display data read out of said display memory; wherein said m pieces of color pixel information corresponds to display data to be displayed on said flat display apparatus of an adjacent m pixels, and said color designating data to be output to said flat display device is digital data.