US 5,521,399 AGrant
Advanced Silicon on Oxide Semiconductor Device Structure for BiCMOS Integrated Circuit
Issue Date:1996-05-28
•16 Claims
•4 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A bonded, SOI wafer which has stepped isolation trenches and sublayer interconnections first formed in a bulk silicon wafer. After these process steps are complete, a thin polysilicon layer is formed on the planarized upper surface of the bulk silicon wafer. This thin polysilicon layer is then bound to an oxide layer on the surface of a separate wafer to form a bonded silicon-on-oxide structure. The entire assembly is, in effect inverted, and what had been the lower surface of the bulk silicon wafer, is removed to the bottom of the deepest trench step. In this bonded SOI structure, regions between the trenches are deep and suitable for bipolar device fabrication, while the trench steps form shallow regions suitable for fabrication of CMOS devices.
Metadata
Assignee
- International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors
- Shao-Fu S. Chu
- Chang-Ming Hsieh
- Louis L. C. Hsu
- Kyong-Min Kim
- Shaw-Ning Mei
Application Information
Application Number:US 2429926
Filing Date:1994-05-16
Priority Date:1992-06-17
Art Unit:255
Classifications
IPC:
H01L 2701H01L 2704
Field of Search:
257511;512;302;370;513;514;515;36;518;378;350;524
Patent Drawings (4 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a novel silicon-on-oxide (SOI) integrated circuit structure and method of making such structures, and more particularly, to an SOI structure and fabrication process suitable for concurrent fabrication of bipolar and CMOS devices; so-called BiCMOS devices.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Bipolar and CMOS devices built on silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers can achieve significantly improved performance as compared to those built on the conventional bulk silicon wafers. Bipolar devices (for example, ECL, and SRAM on SOI), have excellent soft error immunity. MOS devices fabricated on a very thin SOI layer, with fully depleted channels, have a mobility on the order of twice that of comparable bulk silicon devices and up to a forty percent improvement in transconductance. Concurrent fabrication of bipolar and CMOS devices on SOI wafers is, therefore, clearly advantageous for high-speed, high-density integrated circuits.
However, prior art SOI proposals for BiCMOS applications have not been altogether satisfactory. Thin SOI wafers created by high energy, high dose oxygen implant, have been found to have a high defect density, and are expensive. SOI wafers made by bonding methods experience difficulty in controlling silicon layer thickness and wafer to wafer uniformity. Further, with a bonded SOI process, it has heretofore been impractical to form thin layer silicon and thick layer silicon on the same substrate.
Further, typical device fabrication requires a number of high temperature process steps which stress the buried oxide layer in an SOI device and create defects that degrade device performance.
Summary of the Invention
An object of this invention is a BiCMOS, bonded SOI structure in which deep and shallow SOI regions are formed simultaneously on the same substrate, such that deep regions will be used for bipolar while shallow regions for CMOS.
Another object is a BiCMOS process in which hot process steps such as sub-collector formation, reach-through implant, and trench isolations, are completed prior to SOI bonding, and high temperature epitaxial process steps are not required.
A further object of the invention is to be able to build BiCMOS devices on an original wafer substrate with good crystal quality, and with a final structure that is planar.
One more object is a BiCMOS device in which low resistivity p-type and n-type sub-collectors can be formed easily and can be used for transistor as well as local interconnection.
Yet another object is to confine defects caused by reach-through ion implant in a fully isolated reach-through region that does not affect the device junction quality.
Briefly, this invention contemplates the provision of a BiCMOS structure on a bonded, SOI wafer in which stepped isolation trenches and sublayer interconnections are first formed in a bulk silicon wafer, i.e., a wafer without a buried oxide layer. After these process steps are complete, a thin polysilicon layer is formed on the planarized upper surface of the bulk silicon wafer. This thin polysilicon layer is then bound to an oxide layer on the surface of a separate wafer to form a bonded silicon-on-oxide structure. The entire assembly is, in effect inverted, and what had been the lower surface of the bulk silicon wafer, is removed to the bottom of the deepest trench step. In this bonded SOI structure, the deep SOI regions are suitable for bipolar device fabrication, while the trench steps form shallow SOI regions suitable for fabrication of CMOS devices.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 through 9 illustrate the process steps in the fabrication of a BiCMOS compatible bonded SOI structure in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show, respectively, a sectional view and a plan view of a BiCMOS device fabricated on an SOI structure constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1, the process for this particular embodiment of the invention starts with an n-type, bulk, silicon wafer 10 with a doping concentration of approximately 1.times.10.sup.16 atoms/cm.sup.3. Obviously, a wafer with a different doping concentration, and/or p-type doping could be used, depending on the final device requirements. A thin layer 12 (about 3000 .ANG.) of oxide/nitride composite film is deposited on the surface of the wafer 10 by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and a resist 14 is then formed over the surface of the CVD oxide/nitride layer 12. The resist 14 is patterned and an opening in the oxide/nitride layer 12 is etched to form a reach-through opening through which an implant is made to form an n+ region 18. The n+ region 18 can be made by implanting arsenic or phosphorus ions so that after a bonding heat cycle the depth of the region is at least 0.5 .mu.m. The device at this stage is shown in FIG. 1.
Trenches in the bulk silicon wafer 10 are next formed to define what will become relatively shallow and relatively deep semiconductor regions in the final structure. A SF.sub.6 /Cl.sub.2 plasma is used to etch the trenches in the wafer 10. Trench segments are formed by an initial patterning of and etching through openings 23 in the resist 14, and openings in the layer 12. The bulk silicon wafer 10 is etched through these openings to a depth of less than 0.3 .mu.m. FIG. 2 illustrates this stage of the process. For shallow trenches, no further etching is needed.
For deep trenches, the openings 23 are enlarged with pattern and etched, and the trenches deepened to about 2.5 .mu.m or less, thus forming a stepped trench with initially started trench segments 22 and those subsequently started segments indicated at 24 in FIG. 3.
The resist 14 is removed and a thin layer of oxide (not shown) is grown to passivate the trench sidewalls. The stepped trenches are filled with a suitable trench dielectric material 25 using a conventional shallow trench process; for example, depositing a TEOS layer (about 3.0 .mu.m thick) by a CVD process step and planarizing the TEOS layer by a suitable chemical-mechanical polishing step to polish back to the upper surface of the oxide/nitride polish step layer 12. After polishing, the oxide/nitride layer 12 is removed. The device at this stage is shown in FIG. 4.
A polysilicon layer 26 is now formed by depositing polysilicon about 0.4 .mu.m thick by CVD process step. The polysilicon layer 26 is patterned and implanted to form n+ and/or p+ sub-collectors and/or local interconnections in regions dictated by the requirements of the final device. A thermal oxide layer about 500 .ANG. thick is grown on the surface of the layer 26 and a CVD nitride layer 28, also about 500 .ANG. thick, is then formed on the oxide layer. This oxide/nitride layer is then patterned and etched back in order to define the sub-collector and interconnect regions indicated by the general reference numeral 29. The device at this stage is shown in FIG. 5. The exposed regions 29 of the polysilicon layer 26 are recess etched to a depth of about 2000 .ANG. and a thermal oxide 32 is grown to consume all the exposed portions of the layer 26. The device at this stage is shown in FIG. 6.
The nitride layer 28 is used as a chemical-mechanical polish stop and the surface of oxide 32 is planarized by chemical-mechanical polishing. The device at this stage is shown in FIG. 7. The structure shown in FIG. 7 is then "flipped over" and bonded to a semiconductor wafer 34 whose upper surface has been oxidized to form oxide layer 36 as shown in FIG. 8. A conventional bonding process may be used to bond the structure shown in FIG. 7 to the oxide layer 36; for example, the assembly is subjected to a temperature in the range of 850.degree. C. to 1100.degree. C., which will also activate the sub-collector dopants and perform a drive in operation for the reach-through region 18. Further details of this bonding step are set forth in C. Harendt, et al., "Silicon-on-Insulator Films Obtained by Etchback of Bonded Wafers", J. Electrochem. Soc. Vol. 136, No. 11, Nov. 1989, pp. 3547-3548 and W. P. Maszara, et al., "Bonding of Silicon Wafers for Silicon-On-Insulator", J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 64, No. 10, Nov. 1988, pp. 4943-4950.
Next, what has become the upper surface of the silicon wafer 10, is chemically-machine polished back to what is now the upper surface of the trench segments 22. (See FIG. 9.) At this point, it will be appreciated that a SOI structure with deep silicon regions 38, is in a range between 1 .mu.m 2.5 .mu.m, shallow silicon regions 40 less than 3000 .ANG. deep, and reach-through region 18. Devices can be fabricated in these regions using conventional process steps dictated by the type or types of devices desired. For example, emitter, intrinsic base and collector can be built at region 38 and the extrinsic base can be built at region 40. Hereby, the base to collector junction capacitance can be very small. As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, MOSFET devices can be constructed in the shallow SOI regions, while bipolar transistors can be formed readily in the deep SOI region. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary BiCMOS structure; the layout of this BiCMOS structure is shown in FIG. 11.
While the invention has been described in terms of a single preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:
1. A fully isolated, silicon-on-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit structure, comprising in combination: a semiconductor wafer substrate with an oxide layer formed on a surface of said semiconductor wafer substrate; a thin structure bonded to said oxide layer, said thin structure comprised of a thin silicon layer and a conductive layer on a surface of said thin silicon layer adjacent said oxide layer; a prefabricated bipolar device region for accommodating a bipolar device including a collector and a base having an intrinsic base portion and an extrinsic base portion, said bipolar device region including a dielectric trench formed in said thin silicon layer with two opposing walls, each of said two opposing walls having a first vertical portion extending from an upper surface of said thin silicon layer to a horizontal step portion that extends toward the opposing wall thereby forming a first right angle and a first area, and a second vertical portion that extends vertically from said horizontal step portion to said conductive layer forming a second right angle and a second area, said first and second areas forming said bipolar device region, said first area of said bipolar device region being relatively wide and thin adjacent an upper surface of said thin silicon layer, said first area for accommodating a predetermined portion of said extrinsic base portion and said second area for accommodating said intrinsic base portion of said base, said extrinsic base portion being positioned on said oxide layer and having a predetermined area in contact with said collector, thereby to minimize base-to-collector junction capacitance of said bipolar device; and a MOS device region for accommodating a MOS device and including a dielectric trench formed in said thin silicon layer with two opposing walls formed in said dielectric trench, each of said two opposing walls extending vertically from said upper surface of said thin silicon layer to a horizontal dielectric wall that extends between said two opposing walls thereby isolating said MOS device region adjacent said upper surface of said thin silicon layer.
2. A fully isolated, silicon-on-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit structure as in claim 1, wherein said conductive layer is an N-doped polysilicon layer forming sub-collector and interconnect regions for bipolar NPN transistors.
3. A fully isolated, silicon-on-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit structure as in claim 2, further including an N-doped reach-through region in said thin silicon layer extending from said upper surface of said thin silicon layer to said conductive layer for an NPN bipolar collector contact.
4. A fully isolated, silicon-on-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit structure as in claim 1, wherein said conductive layer is a P-doped polysilicon layer forming sub-collector and interconnect regions for bipolar PNP transistors.
5. A fully isolated, silicon-on-oxide semiconductor integrated circuit structure as in claim 4, further including a P-doped reach-through region in said thin silicon layer extending from said upper surface of said thin silicon layer to said conductive layer for an PNP bipolar collector contact.
6. A structure according to claim 1, wherein said semiconductor wafer substrate comprises a bulk semiconductor wafer devoid of a buried oxide layer.
7. A structure according to claim 6, wherein said conductive layer comprises an N-doped polysilicon layer forming sub-collector and interconnect regions for bipolar NPN transistors.
8. A structure according to claim 7, wherein said extrinsic base portion comprises a P-doped extrinsic base region in said thin silicon layer extending from said upper surface of said thin silicon layer to said conductive layer for an NPN bipolar collector contact.
9. A structure according to claim 8, wherein said bipolar device region forms a stepped trench having a T-shape in cross-section.
10. A structure according to claim 9, wherein said first area of said bipolar device region has a depth of less than 3000 .ANG. and said second area of said bipolar device region has a depth of substantially between 1 .mu.m and 2.5 .mu.m.
11. A structure according to claim 10, wherein said dielectric trench of said MOS device region has a depth of less than 3000 .ANG..
12. A structure according to claim, 11, further including a nitride layer, formed on said conductive layer, for a polishing stop.
13. A structure according to claim 6, wherein said conductive layer comprises a P-polysilicon layer forming sub-collector and interconnect regions for bipolar PNP transistors.
14. A structure according to claim 13, wherein said first area of said bipolar device region has a depth of less than 3000 .ANG. and said second area of said bipolar device region has a depth of substantially between 1 .mu.m and 2.5 .mu.m.
15. A structure according to claim 14, wherein said dielectric trench of said MOS device region has a depth of less than 3000 .ANG..
16. A structure according to claim 15, further including a nitride layer, formed on said conductive layer, for a polishing stop.
Patent Citations (7)
Non-Patent Literature (5)
- IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin vol. 8 No. 7 Dec. 1965.
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society Christine Herendt et al, Nov. 1989.
- Journal of Applied Physics Maszara et al, Nov. 1989.
- Christine Harendt et al., Silicon-on-Insulator Films Obtained by Etchback on Bonded Wafers, JESOAN vol. 136, No. 11, Nov. 1989.
- W. P. Maszara et al., Bonding of silicon wafers for silicon-on-insulator, J. App.. Phys. Nov. 1988.