Crates With Stacking and Nesting Methods

The present invention relates to transportation of merchandise and in particular involves crates for transport and storage of fruits and vegetables.

In general, transport of shipping crates conveyed from the shipping place to the receiving place regardless of their Geographic locations, does not present a problem insofar as the volumes of said crates are filled with fruits or vegetables.

However, transporting the crates back from the originating point to the shipping point poses several problems when said crates are empty. Since the volume of an empty crate is the same as that of a filled crate, the cost of transporting said empty crates back from the originating point to the shipping point is often higher than the initial transport. In effect, therefore, since the expense of transport by road, rail, or water (most frequently used for shipping of agricultural products) is an inherent function of the load volume, transport of said crates has, therefore, little influence on the actual transport cost price whether the crates are empty or full.

Thus, to reduce the transport cost of returning empty crates, it has been proposed to provide these same crates with means of stacking and nesting such that the volume occupied by the nested empty crates, one inside the other, is substantially smaller than the volume of full crates placed one on top of another.

There are two known methods of stacking and nesting:

In the first case, they are composed of projections and cavities provided in the opposite side walls of said crates so as to permit stacking of the crates in an identical position, and their nesting in a position shifted according to a 180.degree. angle so that projections engage into cavities, and vice versa:

In the second case, the means for stacking and nesting consist of two pivoting flaps on the side edges of the aforementioned crate so as to permit the flaps to fold, either inwards parallel to the crate bottom to permit stacking, or outwards to permit nesting of a crate.

A number of improvements, intended to establish correct equilibrium between the rigidity required for stacking full crates with a low cost price, have been implemented to this type of crate manufactured according to known techniques of thermo-plastic injection. In addition, the shape of the crates at the stacking and nesting level (projections, cavities, flaps), has been evaluated in order to improve the ability to stack empty crates, one inside the other.

In accordance with the same objectives, the applicant has developed a packing crate specially designed for the transport and storage of light vegetables. These vegetables are cumbersome, with a low cost price, and are cheap, which have a major effect on their transport and storage costs which must be reduced. Therefore, the applicant has conducted research which has led to the development of a crate whose required rigidity features have been studied with respect to conditioning of light products and which the capacity of nesting must be as large as possible with respect to the crate height in order to facilitate their return in quantity. For this purpose, the crate according to this invention for transport and storage, such as that having a rectangular parallelipiped-shape, with slightly truncated sections, open at the top, comprising 5 walls delimiting the 5 other faces of the parallelipiped and defining at the bottom and the 4 side and longitudinal walls is remarkable in that it is constituted by association of a rigid frame delimited by two lower and upper peripheral belts, connected by 4 angled spacer columns, to filling walls made up of slats of a latticework construction type, with lower rigidity than those of said frame elements.

Thus, the rigid frame of the crate according to the present invention has the function of ensuring non-deformation of the container whereas the filling sides only serve to hold the contents. The distinction between these two functions (retention and resistance to deformation) permits varying the quantities of materials used, especially for the filling sides. In addition, considering that the side wall thickness limits the nesting height, thinner walls increase considerably their packing capacity.

To increase the crate resistance to deformation, the upper peripheral belt shall have the shape of a rib overlapping the 4 angled columns and protruding over the same. Preferably, the spaced slats of said filling walls are arranged vertically so as not to interfere with handling for nesting and separation.

In other respects, the required truncated shape of the crates leaves a gap between the crates juxtaposed at the level of their lower parts which results in play between them when they are subjected to vibrations, mainly during their transport in large quantity. Consequently, this play encourages overlap of the rims of the upper peripheral belts of said crates, an overlap which destabilizes the entire stack, possibly leading to its collapse at the risk of the contents.

To eliminate the risk of overlap, the applicant has also proposed to equip his crate with a wedge fixture made from a flat projection which, attached to the outer side wall of the rim of the upper peripheral belt, extends parallel to the bottom of the crate and at a level slightly lower to that of the farthest end of said rim in such a manner as to permit its wedging below the rim of the contiguous crate. In this manner, this projection prevents overlap of the crate rim to which it is attached, on the rim of the contiguous crate. Preferably, it is provided to place the 2 projections only on one longitudinal rim of the upper peripheral belt to avoid longitudinal clearance of the case wedged in this manner. It is important to remember that each pile of crates may be positioned between 4 other piles of crates, each crate will be at least maintained by another wedged crate, by virtue of its projection. The two projections will be carefully positioned asymmetrically with respect to the center of said longitudinal rim so as to avoid any facing position when two longitudinal contiguous rims are fitted with the wedging according to the present invention.

In the crate of the present invention, according to the first embodiment, the aforementioned means of stacking and nesting permit their stacking in identical positions and their nesting in positions shifted 180.degree., will be preformed by the 4 angled columns forming braces between the lower and upper peripheral belts. In the crate of the present invention according to the second embodiment, the aforementioned means of stacking and nesting consituted by two flaps hinged on the lateral edges of the crate, the aforementioned columns forming braces will be preformed so as to only permit nesting of one crate inside another.

The abovementioned invention as well as further characteristics and advantages may be best understood by referring to the following description, which sets forth, as examples only, a few embodiments of a crate, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crate according to the first embodiment.

FIGS. 1a and 1b are enlarged perspective views of two details of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating the stacking of two crates according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a profile view illustrating the juxtaposition of two crates according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3a is an enlarged view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a crate according to the second embodiment.

FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c are enlarged views of three details of the drawing of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing three crates according to the second embodiment, in stacked and nested positions.

FIG. 5a is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the stacking of two small crates on one large crate of the second embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the crates referenced I and II in their entirety, are designed for transport and storage of light vegetables. Each of these crates has the shape of a rectangular paralellipiped, slightly truncated, open at the top to provide filling and emptying of said crates. It consists of 5 lattice panels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 delimiting five faces of a parallelipiped, and the first face being the crate bottom (Reference 1), and the remaining four faces being the side walls (References 2 and 3), and longitudinal panels (References 3 and 5). The sixth open face (Reference 6) of the paralellipiped of which the contours are defined by an upper peripheral belt 6a delimits an opening permitting the filling of the vegetables on the upper face of the bottom panel 1, the internal faces of the wall panels 2, 3, 4, and 5, holding the vegetables to the crate height. As panels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 only play a retention role, they are much lighter and manufactured for this purpose in spaced vertical slats of the latticework type.

According to the principles of the present invention common to all crate types, the rigid frame providing resistance to deformation of the crate is formed by a lower peripheral belt 1a delimiting by the contours of the bottom panel 1, the upper peripheral belt 6a, and by four angled bracing columns 7, 8, 9, and 10.

To reinforce the resistance to deformation of the crate, the aforementioned upper perpiheral belt 6a will have the form of a rim protruding over the angled columns 7, 8, 9, and 10.

According to an especially advantageous characteristic of the present invention, illustrated further in details in FIGS. 3 and 3a, the crates according to the present invention are fitted with a wedge type device executed from 2 flat projections 11a, 11b which are attached to the outer side of one of the longitudinal rims of the upper peripheral belt 6a. These projections which extend parallel to the crate bottom 1 are positioned slightly below the end of said rim in such a manner as to allow its wedging below the rim of the contiguous crate. Preferably, these two projections 11a and 11b, will be asymmetrically positioned with respect to the center of said longitudinal rim to avoid an unwanted facing position when the two juxtaposed longitudinal rims are equipped with the wedging device of the present invention. In addition, the presence of these projections also serve as stop elements, inhibiting the straps which are used to restrain the crates from sliding along each other.

Crate 1, of the first case type, as illustrated by the drawings in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, are characterized by their means of stacking and nesting constituted by projections and cavities preformed in the 4 angled columns 7, 8, 9, and 10. For this purpose, the angled columns 7 and 8 are preformed so that their wings extend toward side panel 2, with cavities 7a and 8a opening towards the crate interior, and columns 9 and 10 are preformed at the level of their wings extending towards side panel 2, located opposite side panel 2 with projections 9a and 10 oriented towards the crate interior, such that when two crates I situated one above the other are identically positioned (like those shown in FIG. 2), they stack one on top of the other. On the contrary, when the same 2 crates 1 are shifted 180.degree., projections 9a and 10a of both crates protrude into facing cavities 7a and 8a thus permitting the nesting of the upper crate into the lower crate.

The upper peripheral belt 6a has projections 6b protruding outward near the angled columns 7, 8, 9, and 10 and designed to fit into corresponding through openings 1b (see FIG. 3) provided in the lower peripheral belt 1a (also near the columns), to receive projections 6b of the upper crate, regardless of the height of said projections. The shoulders 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b are placed carefully on said upper peripheral belt 6a in the extension of the angled columns 7, 8, 9, and 10 and around the projections 6b. These shoulders, having the shape of two corner pieces 7b, 8b near cavities 7a and 8a and a "U-shape" 9b and 10b near projections 9a and 10a, are at a height greater than that of projections 6b. As can be seen from the drawings in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the internal walls of cornered shoulders 7b, 8b for one part and the U shaped shoulders 9b, 10b for the other part, have parts sloping towards said projections 6b so that they allow projecting to engage into said openings 1b of the upper crate, an engaging which is guided by the position of the lower parts of the angled columns 7, 8, 9, 10 of the crate fit in (per FIG. 2), first to the interior of the corner shaped shoulders 7b and 8b, and subsequently to the interior of the U shaped shoulders 9b and 10b. The upper faces of shoulders 7b, 8b, 9b, and 10b therefore define a bearing surface much larger than those of the tips of said projections 6b allowing the support of other cardboard crates not engaged on said projections, with no damage risk.

Crate II of the second case such as is illustrated by the drawings of FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 is characterized by these aforementioned means of stacking and nesting constituted by two hinged flaps 20 or 30 (mounted as indicated by the arrow "A" in FIG. 4a) on the lateral rims of the upper peripheral belt 6a such that they can either tilt down towards the interior parallel to bottom 1 of the crate to permit stacking of an upper crate of IIa (as shown in FIG. 5), or towards the exterior according to a 90.degree. angular expansion in the end of the side walls in a direction opposite to that indicated by arrow A, to permit nesting of crate II in a lower crate IIb. The position of these flaps on the two side walls therefore permits stacking or nesting of the next crate, regardless of its presentation.

According to the present invention and as shown by the drawing of FIG. 4a illustrating the flap 20 and its hinging, the hinging line resulting to provide the hinge required for the hinging movement A is formed in the extension of the internal face of flap 20 on the one hand, and in the extension of the internal side wall face 2 on the other hand, in order to limit during the folding back of flap 20 towards the exterior (shown by continuous line in the drawing of FIG. 4a), a flap projection beyond said crate. In effect, in its extended position (see FIG. 4) flaps 20 and 30 remain in the continuation of the side wall (20 or 30) to which they were attached. In this manner, the perimeter of the upper belt of a nested crate is identical to that of a stacked crate, allowing association of stacked and nested crates, with no drawback. Flaps 20 and 30, raised vertically, engage into the inner part of the peripheral rim 6a of an upper crate II being placed on top of a crate IIb shown in the drawing of FIG. 5. Conversely, when flaps 20 and 30 are folded (Arrow A) in a horizontal position, as is the case for crate II illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 5, flaps 20 and 30 are held in this position by the angled columns 7, 8, 9, and 10 defining a bearing surface at the bottom 1 of crate IIa stacked above. Referring to the drawing of FIG. 4, it should be noted that the upper face of the upper peripheral belt 6a at the level of the side walls 2 and 4 upon which flaps 20 and 30 are hinged is at a lower level than the upper face, at the level of the two other longitudinal walls 3 and 5, according to a height difference equal to the thickness of flaps 20 and 30, such that said flaps folded towards the interior (ref. FIG. 4a) do not overlap the opening 6 of the crate. Advantageously, in order that flaps 20 and 30 can fold towards the interior bearing with all or part of their width on the ends of the longitudinal edges of the peripheral belt 6a, the upper face of the latter is sloped at its ends to be in the same plane as the upper face of the side walls 2 and 4. In this manner, each flap in a position folded towards the interior will rest on four bearing points, two at column level and two delimited by the recessed parts of the longitudinal walls 3 and 5.

According to the preferred embodiment of this invention, the outer face of flaps 20 and 30 is provided with longitudinal grooves 21 and 31 into which a longitudinal shoulder 1a' fits (ref. FIG. 4b) preformed at the level of the lower peripheral belt 1a on the crate bottom, which shoulder is provided in the extension of side walls 2 and 4. As can be seen in FIG. 5a, the grooves 21 and 31, provided in flaps 20 and 30 are larger than the shoulder 1a, having a shape flared towards the top to guide said shoulder. Being larger than the shoulder 1a', the groove 21 or 31 permits wedging said shoulder either against its internal side or against its external side, thereby offering a play allowing to compensate for the variations of shoulder heights as a function of different crate heights. In this manner, while keeping the same conic angle, it will be possible to stack crates having varying heights.

According to an especially advantageous characteristic of the present invention, the aforementioned longitudinal grooves 21 or 31 preformed in the flaps 20 and 30 are curved at their ends to form right angle bends, respectively 21a and 31a, such that when flaps 20 and 30 are folded towards the interior, the two grooves 21 and 31, viewed from above, appear as two "C's" one with another. These bends 21a and 31a are intended to receive part of the shoulder 1a' of the lower peripheral belt 1a preformed equally at the level of the longitudinal edges, thus securing crates stacked sideways or end to end.

As illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 6, the particular C shape of the grooves 21 and 31, of flaps 20 and 30, has an important role for the large crates IIc whose width is equal to the length of the small crates IIA and IIb and which the length is equal to twice that of the same small crates IIa and IIb.

In this manner, when the flaps 20 and 30 are folded towards the interior, as concerns the large crate IIc, two small crates IIa and IIb can then be stacked side by side in the large crate IIc. The shoulders 1a' of the lower peripheral belt 1a of the small crates IIa and IIb engage at the level of their longitudinal edges into the longitudinal grooves 21 and 31 of the large crate IIc, and at the level of the lateral edges, into the bends 21a and 31a of these same grooves. To perform this stacking of two small crates IIa and IIb on one large crate IIc, the latter is provided for in its longitudinal walls 3 and 5 of two central columns 40 and 50 arranged on their upper faces, of two "L" shaped grooves 41 and 42, (only shown on the drawing for column 40) such that the two legs of the L will both be parallel to the longitudinal grooves 21 or 31 and to their bends 21a or 31a.

It is understood that these packaging crates, which are herewith described and represented, have been designed and represented with a view toward disclosing, rather than limiting. Obviously many variations, modifications, and improvements may be made in the light of the abovementioned examples, without departing from this invention in its broader aspects and within its true spirit. To provide better understanding of the drawings, a list of references with their legends is hereby provided: