US 5,491,463 AGrant
Power Line Communication System
Issue Date:1996-02-13
•27 Claims
•12 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A power line communication system. The system includes at least one transmitter for generating and transmitting signals over a power line and at least one receiver for the receipt of signals transmitted over the power line. The transmitter and receiver(s) devices include a storing mechanism containing the address of the device and a programming port for electrical connection to a mating connector of a programmer. The programmer also includes a selector for selection of a desired address such that the address of the addressable device may be changed by the programmer. The transmitter also includes a timing mechanism for automatically retransmitting signals over the power line and the receiver includes a time measuring mechanism for ascertaining whether a signal has been received within a predetermined time period and a mechanism for setting the receiver in a default state should no signals be received within that time period. The invention also includes a test transmitter capable of generating and transmitting selected signals over the power line for testing the receivers connected to the power line, and a test receiver for monitoring and displaying both the data and the strength of signals transmitted over the power line.
Metadata
Assignee
- Advanced Control Technologies, Inc.
Inventors
- Matthew G. Sargeant
- Michael A. Neal
Application Information
Application Number:US 0847119
Filing Date:1993-06-28
Priority Date:1993-06-28
Art Unit:267
Classifications
IPC:
H04B 300
Field of Search:
340310 R;310 A;310 CP;825.5;825.22;825.72;825.69;310.01;310.06;310.02;310.04
Patent Drawings (12 sheets)
Description
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electrical appliance control system, and, in particular, to a power line data transmission protocol for the control of various electrical appliances and a transmitter, receiver, test transmitter, test receiver and programmer for a power line communication system using such a protocol.
Background of the Invention
The control of power to various electronic devices within a particular location has been achieved through the implementation of data communication over the location's power lines. Systems controlled in this manner include electronic appliances connected to electrical outlets, security alarm systems, garage door openers, lighting systems and the like. In general, a receiver is connected between the power line and each device to is be controlled, and at least one transmitter is connected to the power line. By utilizing the power line as the means for communication between the transmitters and receivers, such control systems may be installed without requiring the installation of additional wiring. Further, utilization of the power line also provides a greater physical range of control than may be available via infrared, ultrasonic or RF control systems.
Perhaps the most prevalent data protocol used today is what is known as the X-10 protocol developed by Pico Electronics of Fife, Scotland, and whose products are distributed in the United States by X-10 (USA) Inc. of Northvale, N.J. The X-10 power line data communication protocol is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,200,862, 4,628,440 and 4,638,299. Specifically, at a modulation frequency which is much greater than the 60 Hz AC signal, such as 120 KHz, the transmission of data is synchronized to the zero-crossing point of the AC power line. Each transmission is comprised of a start code (always set at 1110), an appliance or house code, and an operation or key code. The house code is composed of four bits representing the letters A through P. The key code is composed of five bits and either corresponds to either a number from one (1) to sixteen (16) or a particular operational command, such as ON, OFF, BRIGHT and DIM. The X-10 protocol supports up to 256 address codes as there are sixteen ( 16) letters and sixteen (16) numbers available as an address designation for an addressable device connected to the system. These 256 addresses are represented by A1-A16, B1-B16 . . . P1-P16.
To ensure data integrity, both the house codes and key codes of the X-10 protocol are actually transmitted in true and complement form on alternate half cycles of the power line. For example, if the letter B is represented by the house code 1110, the pattern 10101001 is actually transmitted as the house code. Thus, transmission of the four (4) bit start code, the four (4) bit house code, and the five (5) bit key code takes a total twenty-two (22) cycles.
The data signals transmitted using the X-10 protocol are generally of the form:
where ". . . " represents a pause or gap between transmissions of at least three (3) power line cycles in duration, "address" represents an address of a particular receiver and "function" represents the operation to be performed on the "address" transmitted. The "address" and "function" commands are each composed of a start code, a house code and a key code as described above and are repeated to ensure proper data integrity in the transmission. Further, several sets of "address" commands may be transmitted in succession such that the "function" command transmitted is applied to the preceding addresses transmitted. Thus, for example, to instruct receivers identified as A1 and A2 to be turned off, the following data pattern is transmitted:
Upon receipt of this command by the receivers connected to devices A1 and A2, power to the devices is disconnected by the receiver. Commands other than [Aoff], such as [Aon] or [Dim] (to dim lights) may also be used.
The limitation of the X-10 protocol in supporting only up to 256 addresses poses problems for those installations, such as large hotels, where it is necessary to support a significant number of receivers in excess of 256. The X-10 protocol also includes the capability for an "extended code." The extended code, a key code represented by the bit pattern 01111, is to be followed immediately, i.e., there is no gap in transmission, by a series of 8-bit bytes with the first 8-bit byte identifying the number of data bytes to follow. Though not yet known to be implemented in any commercially available product, use of the extended code would result in data transmission of a structure similar to the following example:
where "Nbyte" is the number of 8-bit bytes of data, "byte 1" to "byteN", to follow. The use of the extended code of the X-10 protocol is believed to have been designed to increase the number of available commands beyond [Aon], [Aoff] and [Dim], However, the extended code compromises data integrity as there are no gaps between successive bytes transmitted, nor are "Nbyte" and the data bytes following repeated. Moreover, the extended code does not provide a readily apparent method for supporting more than 256 address codes.
Another power line communication control system directed toward the provision of a security system for a hotel is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,455. As presented, the communications protocol utilized is described as generating modulation signals at 120 KHz over the 60 Hz AC line frequency and, like the standard X-10 protocol, is also limited to the support of 256 devices. To accommodate more than 256 address codes for devices connected thereto, it is suggested that more than one modulation frequency be implemented, with each modulation frequency supporting 256 address codes. This approach requires additional manufacturing costs for the system as the system must support the generation and receipt of multiple modulation frequencies. For example, each receiver may be required to recognize a multitude of frequencies. Alternately, isolation filters may be strategically installed, such as one after each circuit breaker, to isolate the power line after the filter to be receptive to only a particular frequency. Use of isolation filters does not require that each receiver be sensitive to all frequencies, but may require that different sets of receivers, each receptive to a specific modulation frequency, be manufactured and installed. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a power line communication protocol which is able to support more than 256 address codes without requiring additional hardware (other than, of course, the provision of additional receivers and possibly transmitters) thereby limiting manufacturing costs.
Another disadvantage of prior art systems is the implementation of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in both the transmitters and receivers to perform the communications protocol. Though the use of ASICs assists in reducing manufacturing costs for a large volume over other electronic solutions, hardware implementation of the protocol also results in inflexibility in implementing new command codes as a new ASIC must be developed to accommodate the new protocol codes. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an electrical appliance control system which utilizes a microprocessor and associated software to afford the manufacturer or user greater flexibility in creating new commands to be transmitted, received and interpreted. For example, it may be desirable to implement a set of codes which correspond to various levels of dimming for lights connected to the control system as opposed to simply offering a DIM or BRIGHT command code. Additionally, the use of software is preferable as it provides a mechanism whereby the actual power line communication protocol may be changed if desired. For example, the same software may be utilized to support a system having a particular protocol which supports up to 256 address codes as may be used to support a system having a different communication protocol to support 4096 or more address codes.
Though power line communication protocols use various transmission standards to ensure that noise is not interpreted as a command, present power line control systems do not provide a mechanism whereby precautions are taken to ensure that a transmitted signal is received by the appropriate receiver. Thus, for example, should a utility company desire to command a household's water heater to be disconnected for load shedding purposes, and the power line is noisy or a temporary interruption of the provision of power occurs during transmission of that signal, the water heater will not be turned off (or back on). Therefore, it is desirable to provide an automatic refresh capability whereby the signal is continually transmitted at specified time intervals to ensure that the command is received regardless of the presence of temporary noise or power interruption in the power lines connected the transmitter to the receiver.
It is also possible for problems of longer duration than may be cured by an automatic refresh capability to occur with systems of the prior art. Under circumstances such as a long power interruption or the presence of noise over an extended period of time, an electrical appliance connected to the system may be left in an undesirable state. For example, an appliance may be left on for a longer period than desired. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a power line communication system which automatically determines that communication to the receivers of the system is operating improperly and to thereby instruct the electrical appliance to return to its default state, such as turning off the appliance connected to the receiver.
To assist in installing or maintaining of a power line communication system, a test transmitter and a test receiver are often provided for prior art systems. Generally, the test transmitter is one which, when electrically connected to system, generates a test signal. For example, the test transmitter Model No. 6269 offered by X-10 (USA) Inc. for use with its products continuously generates P1 on/off signals when the test transmitter is plugged into an electrical outlet of the power line communication system. To ensure that the test signal is being transmitted over the power line, a test receiver indicating signal strength, such as test receiver Model No. 6270 offered by X-10 (USA) Inc., is provided for electrical connection to the power line. In this manner, the user may be assured that it is possible for a data signal transmitted over the power line to be received by a receiver connected to the system. Specifically, if an error condition is detected, it is likely that excessive noise or spurious electronic signals are present along the signal transmission line.
However, such test transmitters and test receivers are not useful when attempting to determine whether a particular addressable device, such as a transmitter or a receiver, is operating properly as prior art test transmitters generate a special test signal to ascertain whether the transmission line is acceptable. For example, if a particular device connected to a receiver of the system does not respond as commanded by a transmitter of the system, it would be useful to ascertain whether the receiver or the transmitter, not the transmission line, is in proper working condition. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a test transmitter which is able to transmit any specified data signal to any receiver connected to the system and to provide a test receiver which can "listen" to the data signals transmitted over the power line and provide a visual or audible indication of the received signal. In this manner, the receivers and transmitters themselves may be tested. Additionally, given the multitude of receivers and transmitters connected to the system, it is also desirable to provide portable test transmitters and receivers and to provide a means for selecting the address to which a command is to be transmitted or for which a signal is to be monitored. Finally, rather than a test receiver simply indicating an error condition as is known in the art, it is desirable to provide a visual display which displays the data signal received by the test receiver. Such a display may also be desirable for a test transmitter so that the operator can verify that the data signal transmitted is the same as was intended and programmed by the operator.
As stated above, electrical appliance control systems require that each device connected to the system that is to be individually controlled be uniquely identified. Thus, a means is provided with each receiver for selecting the designated address code of a particular receiver for controlling a device connected to the receiver. Transmitters connected to the system may also have an address code associated therewith as well. For example, the receivers of U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,682 utilizes two sixteen-position rotary switches for the selection of the address of the receiver--one rotary switch for selection of the house code and another rotary switch for selection of the device or key code of the X-10 protocol. The switches of U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,682 allow up to 256 address codes to be utilized in the system. Similarly, the receivers of U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,333 each have two rotary switches for selection of the house and unit codes, respectively, with each switch having sixteen positions resulting in support for 256 addresses. The track lighting system of U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,216 utilizes two sixteen-position switches to allow a total of 256 unique address codes to be set for the individual lights of the system.
In many applications, there are physical constraints as to the size of the receiver. For example, the receiver may comprise an electrical outlet and therefore must be of the same size as a standard outlet receptacle. If a system is to provide the capability to select a multitude of addresses, more switches or more complex switches having a greater number of switch positions may be required. Thus, increased addressing capability by using physical switches results in higher manufacturing costs and may result in a unit which exceeds the physical constraints of the unit's installation site.
Additionally, the provision of mechanical switches on each receiver and possibly on each transmitter provides a means for selecting the address of the unit which is easily accessible to the consumer. However, these switches are also accessible to those individuals not authorized by the consumer thereby allowing an unauthorized individual to improperly alter the address of the receiver/transmitter so that the system behaves in an undesirable manner or renders the system essentially inoperable. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a means for selecting the address code of each addressable unit connected to the system that does not utilize mechanical switches and which is not easily accessible to unauthorized personnel.
Objects of the Invention
Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide a power line communication data protocol which is able to support more than 256 address codes and which uses a transmission protocol implementable by presently available devices.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a power line communication protocol which ensures data integrity by utilizing transmission protocols which have become accepted as standard in the industry.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a power line communication protocol which is able to support 4096 or more receivers without requiring additional hardware or special hardware capabilities that are not required for a power line communication system which supports only 256 receivers.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a power line communication control system which utilizes microprocessor-based software to manage the data protocol so that additional command codes or variations to the data protocol may be made without modifying the hardware of the transmitters and receivers of the system.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a power line communication control system which ensures that commands are sent and received as desired despite the presence of noise or a temporary power interruption by providing an automatic refresh capability whereby the signal repeatedly transmitted at a specified time interval.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a power line communication system in which the receivers of the system are reset to the receiver's default state in the event the receiver has not received a signal for a significant amount of time as may be caused by the presence of a lengthy power interruption or the presence of noise over the power line for a predetermined amount of time.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a test transmitter which is portable and which can be programmed for transmitting a signal to any address.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a test receiver for a power line control system which is portable and which can display all data signals transmitted over the system.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a power line control system which is able to support more than 256 address codes without requiring the implementation of mechanical switches for address selection of a particular addressable unit connected to the system so as to limit manufacturing costs, to ensure that the receiver is able to reside within the physical limitations established for the receiver, and to assist in prohibiting unauthorized personnel from accessing the address selection mechanism.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a programmer for a power line control system that uses an identical interface for receivers and transmitters in the system and which may be used to program an address into a receiver or transmitter.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of the power line communication system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic view of a data word of a communications protocol utilized for power line communication systems which constitutes prior art.
FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of the data word of the communications protocol of the power line communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a table of one embodiment of the bit pattern values of codes transmitted according to the communications protocol of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the transmitter of the power line communication system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the receiver of the power line communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the receiver of the present invention.
FIG. 8A shows a top view of one embodiment of the override jumper of the present invention.
FIG. 8B shows a side view of the override jumper of the embodiment of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the test transmitter/programmer of the power line communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 10 shows a front view of the combination test transmitter and programmer of the power line communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the test receiver of the power line communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 12 shows a front view of one embodiment of the test receiver of the power line communication system of the present invention.
Summary of the Invention
The invention comprises a power line communication system having numerous advantages over the prior art. The system includes at least one transmitter for electrical connection to a power line for transmission of a data signal over the power line at a frequency much greater than the frequency of the power line with the signal's data bits transmitted at the zero crossing of the power line signal. The system also includes at least one addressable receiver for electrical connection to the power line and capable of receiving the data signal generated by the transmitter. In one embodiment of the system, the data signal is of a format making it possible to address at least 4096 unique addresses by implementation of an address command comprising a start code, a first number code, an extended code, a letter code and a second number code to represent devices having an address code of 1A1 to 16P16. In a second embodiment, the transmitter includes a means for generating and transmitting data signals of a plurality of data protocols and a means for selecting a desired data protocol so that the system is capable of supporting addressable receivers using a variety of data protocols.
The transmitter, in one embodiment, further comprises a timing means for automatically retransmitting a previously transmitted signal onto the power line after a predetermined time period. This "refresh" capability helps to ensure that the signal is received by the intended addressable device despite an interruption of power or the presence of temporary noise or other interferences over the power line. The receiver of the present invention may also include a means for measuring the time since the last data signal was received by the receiver and a means for causing the appliance connected to the receiver to enter its default state should the time measured exceed a predetermined amount of time. When the receiver includes this refresh capability, the presence of an excessive delay in receipt of a signal as may be caused by a lengthy power interruption does not permit the receiver to remain in an undesirable state.
In another embodiment of the system, the transmitters and/or receivers have a means for storing a programmable address code therein and an electrical programming port connector operatively connected to the address code storing means. The system further includes a programmer having a mating connector for connection to the electrical programming port connector of the addressable devices, a means for selecting a desired address code and a means for electrically transmitting the selected address code over the mating connector, such that upon transmission of the selected address code from the programmer via the electrical programming port connector of the addressable device, the selected address is stored by the device. In this manner, no mechanical switches are used for address selection, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the addressable device, ensuring that the physical size of the addressable device remains within physical limits established regardless of the range of address codes available, and assisting in prohibiting unauthorized access to address selection. In one form thereof, the receivers and transmitters of the system have identical electrical programming port connectors. In another form thereof, the receivers and transmitters are responsive to inquiries sent from the programmer wherein in format in regarding the status of the device is transmitted in response to a specific signal received by the programmer. Thus, many of the same elements are implemented in all addressable devices, whether a transmitter or a receiver, to provide the user with status information about the particular device.
In yet another embodiment, the addressable devices (transmitters and receivers) also comprise a means for storing a password and a means for preventing the alteration of the device's address code unless the device also receives a password which is the same as the password stored in the device. This prevents an unauthorized user having a programmer as discussed above from changing the address code to thereby enhance the system's security.
In addition to the programmer of the present invention having the capability to program the device's address code or to require as to the device's current status, in one embodiment the programmer is also a test transmitter. The test transmitter includes a means for connecting the test transmitter to the power line and a means for generating a data signal, wherein the data signal includes an address code for designating an addressable device and a command code for designating the electrical function, such as ON or OFF, to be performed by the addressable device.
The system also comprises a test receiver having a means for connecting the test receiver to a power line and a means for displaying the data contained in a signal transmitted over the power line, such that upon occurrence of a signal over the power line, the test receiver displays the address of that signal with the display means. The test receiver also includes a means for displaying an action code transmitted over the power line and/or a means for ascertaining and displaying the signal of such a signal. In this manner, the user may evaluate the operation of any transmitter connected to the power line at any point along the power line.
Detailed Description
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of the power line communication system according to the present invention. In this embodiment, power line communication system 30 comprises transmission line 31 to which transmitter 32 and a plurality of receivers 33-36 are electrically connected. The electrical connection of transmitter 32 and receivers 33-36 will be described in further detail herein. In this embodiment, transmitter 32 works in conjunction with receivers 33-36 to control television 37, lamp 38, coffee maker 39 and overhead light 40 which are electrically connected to first 33, second 34, third 35 and fourth 36 receivers, respectively. In general, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 is representative of power line communication systems of the present invention as well as those in the prior art.
During operation of power line communication system 30, transmitter 32 transmits a data signal at a frequency much greater than the frequency of the AC transmission line 31. Specifically, transmitter 32 according to the present invention transmits data signals over transmission line 31 at a frequency of 120 kHz at times equivalent to the zero-crossing of the frequency, 60 Hz, of power line 31. However, other communication protocols that are not limited to the zero-crossing point are also within the scope of the invention. Receivers 33-36 recognize the data signal generated by transmitter 32. If the data signal is intended to operate an electronic device connected to any one of receivers 33-36, that receiver will respond. For example, the receiver may activate a relay to thereby perform an electrical function for the device connected thereto. For example, a data signal transmitted from transmitter 32 over power line 31 may include a command to instruct first receiver 33 to turn off the power to television set 37 or transmitter 32 may transmit a data signal instructing fourth receiver 36 to either dim or brighten overhead light 40. Power line communication systems such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 are advantageous as they may be installed in an existing home, hotel, business, industrial plant and the like without requiring the installation of special wiring. Further, the distance between transmitter 32 and receivers 33-36 of power line communication system 30 is not as limited as it may be for a control system wherein the transmitter emits an infrared or ultrasonic signal to receivers.
FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic view of a data word of a communications protocol utilized for power line communication systems which constitutes prior art. In this system, disclosed collectively in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,200,862, 4,628,440 and 4,638,299, which are incorporated herein by reference, data signals are transmitted at a frequency of 120 kHz and each data bit of the data word is transmitted at the zero-crossing of the 60 Hz frequency signal of the transmission line to which the system is connected. As shown in FIG. 2, the data word transmitted by a transmitter connected to the power line communication system comprises a start code, a house code, and a key code. The key code may correspond to either an address or a command, depending on the value of the last bit of the key code. Specifically, when the last bit of the key code is zero (0), the key code comprises an address code. When the last bit of the key code is one (1), the key code comprises a command code. To insure data integrity, each data word sent via the transmitter is repeated. In this manner, the receiver is more apt to receive a valid data signal. To further ensure data integrity, the house code and key code are sent in both true and complement form on alternate half-cycles of the transmission line frequency.
Because the house and key codes, when the key code is used as an address code wherein the last bit of the key code is zero (0), are both comprised of four data bits to designate an address, a total of 256 addresses are supported by the protocol of FIG. 2. This is limiting in installations, such as large hotels, wherein a large number of electronic devices connected to the power line system are desired to be controlled.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is a shown a diagrammatic view of one embodiment of the data word of the communications protocol of the power line communication system of the present invention. In this embodiment, the data word comprises a start code, a page code (first number code), an extended code, a house code (letter code) and a key (address/command) code. As in the prior art, the four bit start code is arbitrarily set and this embodiment is always set to the bit pattern 1110. The five bit extended code in this embodiment is always set to the bit pattern 01111. By utilizing the combination of the page code, house code and key code to designate an address to be programmed, the protocol of the present invention is able to access a total of 4096 addressable devices connected to the system. Like the protocol disclosed in FIG. 2, the data words are repeated and the page, extended, house and key codes are transmitted in true and complement form to insure data integrity.
The format of the data word disclosed in FIG. 3 can be utilized to represent either an address command or a function command--the former being distinguished from the latter by the value of the last bit of the key code. Therefore, at a minimum, the entire data signal transmitted must comprise an address command and a function command. It has become standard in the industry, however, to successively repeat each data word. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment, the data signal of the present invention is of the form:
where "address" is the address data word, "function" is the command data word and ". . . " represents a pause or gap between transmissions of data words, the pause being at least three (3) power line cycles in duration. In this manner, the integrity of the data signal as has been accomplished with the prior art is maintained while providing support of at least 4096 addresses with a power line communication system utilizing such a protocol.
Also, to limit the number of data words comprising the data signal, should it be desired to instruct multiple addresses to perform the same function, the data signal may alternately be comprised of several address data word doublets ("doublet" meaning two identical data words transmitted in succession without pauses therebetween) with each doublet followed by a pause in transmission and with all address data words followed by a function data word doublet. Thus, for example, if the function desired is to be applied to two addresses, the entire data signal is of the form:
In this manner the redundancy of data word transmission is retained without requiring that a function data word doublet follow each address data word doublet.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the implementation of the extended code in the manner disclosed for the present invention is advantageous over that of the prior art. The same data integrity is maintained in the present invention while providing support for at least 4096 address codes. In the prior art, the "extended code" is used to indicate that special data words are to follow as is previously discussed herein. However, those special data are not transmitted in doublets (successively repeated), nor are there pauses between any of the special data words thereby resulting in a long string of data words which is very susceptible to intermittent noise, power interruptions or power surges.
It will be further appreciated by those of skill in the art that should transmitters of the present invention be placed, either inadvertently or purposely, on the same power transmission line as may be receivers of the prior art, namely receivers using the X-10 protocol, the prior art receivers will not respond to the commands generated by the present invention's transmitter when using the protocol according to the present invention. The data signal format of the present invention is inconsistent with that of the X-10 protocol and thereby avoids potential conflicts between two such systems connected to a single power line. However, transmitters and receivers of the present invention can be programmed to respond to signals on the system from standard X-10 protocol devices.
Specifically, as previously stated herein, the X-10 protocol provides a means for transmitting a variable number of bytes of extended commands, the first byte of which represents the remaining number of bytes in the string to follow. Each byte following the extended code command is comprised of eight (8) bits. Thus, the total number of bits following the extended code command (01111) is divisible by four (4). The number of bits following the extended code command in the present invention is not divisible by four. Rather, as illustrated by the embodiment of FIG. 3, the number of bits following the extended code command of the present invention is nine (9). In essence, these nine (9) bits, a fixed number of bits, replaces the variable number of bytes which follow the extended code command of the X-10 protocol.
Though there are no known commercially available X-10 receivers which implement the extended code command, if such X-10 extended code receivers were available, the data signal of the present invention would not be considered a valid signal by such a receiver. Because the number of bits following the extended code command of the present invention is not divisible by four (4), an X-10 extended code receiver would interpret the data signal of the present invention as noise. Thus, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the number of bits following the extended code command of the present invention need not be fixed at nine (9) bits, but may be comprised of any number of bits which is indivisible by four (4). It will also be appreciated that the data protocol of the present invention is generally in accordance with the X-10 protocol as described herein except for the manner in which the extended code is implemented. The data signal is transmitted at a frequency greater than the frequency of the power line with the signals' data bits transmitted at the zero crossing of the power line signal. Further, bits comprising the data signal may be transmitted in both true and complement form to ensure data integrity. Also, the commands of the data signal may be repeated as is generally done (with the exception of the bits transmitted in association with the X-10 extended code) in the X-10 protocol.
FIG. 4 shows a table of one embodiment of the bit pattern values of codes transmitted according to the communications protocol of FIG. 3. These data codes are representative as the bit patterns may be assigned a corresponding value in other forms and still be within the contemplation of the present invention. For the sixteen (16) available bit patterns available for each of these codes, the page code (first number code), house code (letter code) and key code (special code) values are illustrated in FIG. 4. Note that in permitting the page code, the house code and the key code, when the key codes last bit is set at zero (0), to be comprised of four bits each, the power line communication system of the present invention is able to support up to 4096 addressable devices. Those devices are designated as addresses 1A1 . . . 1A16, 2A1 . . . 2A16, . . . 16A1 . . . 16A16, 1B1 . . . 1B16, . . . 1P1 . . . 1P16, . . . 16P1 . . . 16P16.
According to the table of FIG. 4, should it be desired to command devices connected to 1A1 and to 1A2 to be turned on, the following is transmitted by a transmitter using the data protocol according to the present invention:
where address1 is: ##STR1## and address2 is: ##STR2## and function is: ##STR3## If a command is sent wherein the function code corresponds to "All Units On" or "All Units Off" that command will only be applicable to those addresses starting preceding the command code in the function. For example, the function: ##STR4## will turn on all units designated as 11I, namely 11I1 . . . 11I16.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that when the last bit of the key or special code is designated as one (1), the key code corresponds to a particular command to be executed by a receiver connected to the system to cause the result desired with the electric device or appliance connected to that receiver. In this embodiment, note that each of the available commands are essentially divided into two permissible bit pattern sets designated as "normal" and "shifted" in the table of FIG. 4. For example, ON is represented by the bit patterns 0010 and 1010 where 1010 is the "shifted" command code, the first bit of the pattern serving as a toggle bit between "normal" and "shifted" and the remaining three operation bits, "010", represent the ON operation. Thus, if the receiver connected to the system is capable of being set to be responsive to only one of either the "normal" or the "shifted" command code sets, then the power line communication system may be used to effectively support 8192 devices. This is a significant improvement over the support of 256 addressable devices accomplished with the prior art as discussed herein.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a block diagram of one embodiment of the transmitter of the power line communication system according to the present invention. Specifically, transmitter 50 includes power supply 51 and PLC interface 52 to transmission power line 31. Transmit circuitry 53 is capable of generating and transmitting a 120 kHz signal over power line 31 via PLC interface 52. Also, a 120 kHz input signal transmitted over power line 31 is converted via receive conditioning circuitry 54 to a square wave having an amplitude of 5 volts. In one embodiment, transmitter 50 also includes zero-crossing detection current limiting circuitry 55 which determines the point at which the 60 Hz (or 50 Hz) signal of power line 31 has made a zero-crossing. Also serving as input to microprocessor 56 of transmitter 50 are user supplied switches 57 which provide a means for inputting the addressable device to be commanded by transmitter 56 as well as the command to be generated by transmitter 50. Such switch means may be, for example, a wall plate having ON/OFF switches for each receiver to be commanded by transmitter 50. For storage of critical data, which will be discussed further herein, EEPROM 58 is operatively connected to microprocessor 56. Also, serial data link (SDL) connector 59, an electrical communications port, is connected to microprocessor 56 of transmitter 50.
During operation, microprocessor 56 continuously monitors the status of user supplied switches 57. When the user selects the device to be controlled and the function to be performed with that device by actuation of user supplied switches 57, the switch input is converted by microprocessor 56 into a data signal of the form illustrated in FIG. 3. The data command signal is transmitted via transmit circuitry 53 through PLC interface 52 to power line 31. The signal includes the transmitter's stored address code. All receivers residing on power line 31 receive the data signal transmitted from transmitter 50 and those receivers having the same address as the transmitter interpret the data signal as is discussed herein.
In addition to transmitting signals in the event the user has changed the state of user supplied switches 57, transmitter 50 of the present invention also includes an automatic refresh capability. Specifically, a value defining a predetermined time interval is either hand-coded in the software running on microprocessor 56 or is set in EEPROM 58 by the manufacturer or through the programmer provided with the system as is discussed below. According to that predetermined time interval, the last signal generated by transmitter 50, whether or not the state of user supplied switches 57 has changed, is retransmitted via transmit circuitry 50. In this manner, if the transmission of the previous signal sent by transmitter 50 was in any way interfered with prior to reaching a receiver connected to the system as may be caused by excessive noise, spurious spikes or temporary power interruption in the transmission line 31, the data signal is automatically retransmitted over the power line communication system to make certain that the receiver receives such a command. In one embodiment, the retransmission occurs every thirty (30) seconds.
Transmitter 50 of the present invention may be used to transmit data signals having the data protocol described herein in association with FIG. 4. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, however, that transmitter 50 may also be utilized to transmit data signals having other data protocols, such as the protocol discussed with regard to FIG. 3. The use of microprocessor 56 provides a means of generating data signals having a plurality of protocols. Provided the data signal is transmitted at a frequency compatible with that of transmit circuitry 53, microprocessor 56 provides a great deal of flexibility in the content of the data signal transmitted. Software running on microprocessor 56 may accommodate more than one such protocol and a parametric value may be stored in EEPROM 58 to indicate the desired protocol to be transmitted by transmitter 50. The parametric value stored in EEPROM 58 may be set by the manufacturer or set by a programming device as is discussed in further detail herein. In this manner, the same transmitter may be used to support a multitude of data protocols. If desired, an array of parametric values, each element of the array corresponding to a particular addressable device, may be stored in EEPROM so that transmitter 50 may be utilized to transmit data signals to receivers or addressable devices using more than one data protocol among them. The refresh capability of transmitter 50 previously discussed may be applied to protocols other than that disclosed herein, such as with the X-10 protocol, so that data signals are retransmitted to receivers using other protocols as well.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the receiver of the power line communications systems of present invention. Receiver 60 includes power supply 61 and PLC interface 62 to power line 31. The 120 kHz data signal generated by a transmitter, such as transmitter 50 of FIG. 5, connected to the system is received by receive conditioning circuitry 64 where the 120 kHz signal is converted to a square wave having an amplitude of 5 volts. As was true with the embodiment of the transmitter of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 5, receiver 60 also includes zero-crossing detection current limiting circuitry 65 which detects the points at which the power line 31 signal makes a zero-crossing. An important component of receiver 60 is microprocessor 66 which is operatively connected to EEPROM 68 for storage of parametric data values essential to the operation of receiver 60. Also connected to microprocessor 66 is serial data link (SDL) connector 69, an electrical communications port, the function of which will be discussed in greater detail herein. In addition, microprocessor 66 of receiver 60 is operatively connected to relay 67 which is electrically connected to the electrical device or appliance which is to be controlled by receiver 60 according to the data signal received by receiver 60. Relay 67 serves as a switch means for selectively controlling the extent to which power from the power line is connected to the electrical appliance's connector, such as a power cord, and may also utilize a TRIAC for the provision of varying levels of power to the electrical appliance.
During its receiving operation, receiver 60 is electrically connected to power line 31 via PLC interface 62. Microprocessor 66 awaits the occurrence of receipt of a data signal over power line 31 through receive conditioning circuitry 64. Specifically, data signals transmitted over power line 31, such as a signal generated by transmitter 50, is received by PLC interface 62 and is converted to a square wave by receive conditioning circuitry 64 before passing into microprocessor 66. Concurrently, microprocessor 66 receives input from zero crossing detection circuitry 65 indicating the time at which a zero-crossing of the power line signal has occurred. Microprocessor 66 evaluates the received signal at each zero-crossing occurrence, looking for the receipt of the bit pattern corresponding to the start code of the data signal as previously described. When a valid start code has been detected by microprocessor 66, microprocessor 66 then collects incoming data to ascertain whether a valid data signal, according to the expected data protocol, has been received. Once a complete and correct data signal is detected, microprocessor 66 compares the value of the address code contained in the data signal to the address code of receiver 60 stored in EEPROM. If the address codes differ, microprocessor 66 causes no operation of relay 67, but if the address codes match, microprocessor 66 commands relay 67 to perform the electrical function, such as ON, OFF, DIM, or BRIGHT, to thereby cause electrical operation of the electrical appliance attached thereto accordingly.
As previously discussed, transmitter 50 of the present invention includes a "refresh" capability wherein the data signal(s) transmitted are retransmitted at a predetermined time interval to increase the likelihood that the device(s) to be commanded receive the transmitted data signal(s) in the event of the occurrence of temporary power interruption, noise, and the like. Another advantage of the present invention is the provision of means for monitoring the receipt of data signals by receiver 60. Specifically, microprocessor 66 includes a timer to permit microprocessor 66 to measure the amount of time elapsing since the receipt of the last valid data signal over power line 31. By establishing a predetermined time period in the software running on microprocessor 66 or by storing a predetermined time period in EEPROM 68, the measured elapsed time is compared to the predetermined time period. If the time measured exceeds the predetermined time period, microprocessor 66 commands relay 67 to enter its default state, such default state being stored in EEPROM 68 or set in the software running on microprocessor 66. In this manner, should PLC interface 62, receive conditioning circuitry 64 or zero-crossing detection circuitry 65 of receiver 60 fail, or should transmitter 50 fail to send signals at the prescribed time interval, or should a lengthy interruption or interference of power line 31 occur, receiver 60 via relay 67 sets the electrical appliance attached thereto in the preferred state. For example, when receiver 60 is connected to a coffee pot, it may be desired to make certain the coffee pot is is turned off in the event of such a failure.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the provision of the refresh capability of transmitter 50 and the monitoring capability of receiver 60 provide added assurance that the power line system operates in accordance with the desired or commanded manner. These capabilities also help to make certain that both minor and major problems occurring with the system or its individual components are detected and handled properly thereafter according to the desires of the consumer as well as with the consumer's safety in mind.
Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown a perspective view of the receiver of the present invention. On the face of receiver 60 is shown SDL connector 69 which, in this embodiment, is an RJ-11 receptacle. At the rear of receiver 60 are electric lines 70, 71 and 72 for electrical connection to the power line of the system as well as for connection to the electrical appliance to be controlled by receiver 60. In one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter has a physical appearance similar to that of receiver 60 shown in FIG. 7 and the same type of SDL connector is used for both receiver 60 and the transmitter of the system.
FIG. 8A shows a top view of one embodiment of the override jumper of the present invention. Override jumper 80 includes RJ-11 connector 81, RJ-11 wire 82 and key ring 83. The first and third conductors is of RJ-11 connector 81 are shorted together. When override jumper 80 is connected to SDL connector 69 of receiver 60, receiver 60 determines that override jumper 80 is present and toggles the state of relay 67. If, for example, relay 67 is OFF, relay 67 is turned ON when receiver 60 detects the presence of override jumper 80. Removal of override jumper 80 from SDL connector 69 does not effect the state of relay 67. Thus, override jumper 80 assists the installer in locally cycling the electrical appliance connected to receiver 60 between ON and OFF to verify that receiver 60 is properly connected to the electrical appliance and to ascertain that receiver 60 is in proper working order.
FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the test transmitter/programmer of the power line communication system of the present invention. Like transmitter 50 of the present invention (see FIG. 5), test transmitter/programmer 90 includes power supply 151 and PLC interface 152 to transmission power line 31. Transmit circuit 153 is capable of generating and transmitting a signal of 120 kHz over power line 31 via PLC interface 152. A 120 kHz input signal transmitted over power line 31 is converted via receive conditioning circuitry 154 to a square wave having an amplitude of 5 volts. Test transmitter/programmer 90 also includes zero-crossing detect circuit 155 which determines the point at which the 60 Hz (or 50 Hz) signal of power line 31 has made a zero-crossing. Serving as input to test transmitter/programmer 90 is user keypad 157, and serving as a means for displaying information available from microprocessor 156 is LCD display 93, both of which are described in further detail herein in association with FIG. 10. Microprocessor 156 is electrically connected to user keypad 157, LCD display 93, transmit circuit 153, receive conditioning circuitry 154 and zero-crossing detect circuit 155 as shown. Serial data link connector 159 is also connected to microprocessor 156 and serves as a means for connecting test transmitter/programmer 90 to a transmitter or receiver of the present invention for communication therebetween.
Referring now to FIG. 10, there is shown a front view of the combination test transmitter and programmer of the power line communication system of the present invention. Specifically, test transmitter/programmer 90 comprises an RJ-11 connector 91 for mating connection with either of the electrical communications ports, namely SDL connector 59 of transmitter 50 (see FIG. 5) or SDL connector 69 of receiver 60 (see FIG. 6) of the present invention. Power is provided to test transmitter by plugging power cord 92 into a power supply as may be provided through an electrical outlet, or test transmitter 90 may operate from its own internal battery source (not shown). Referring first to the general features of test transmitter/programmer 90, LCD display 93 for display of information selected, transmitted or received by test transmitter/programmer 90 is divided into four sub-displays: address display 94 showing an address code, protocol display 95 showing the data protocol (Extended Mode or Normal Code), command display 96 showing the type of command and status display 97 showing the type of operation of test transmitter/programmer 90.
Several data entry keys are provided for selection purposes. Left arrow key 98 and right arrow key 99 allow the user to move cursor 100 between address display 94, protocol display 95, command display 96 and status display 97. When cursor resides at any of the sub-displays 94-97, up arrow key 101 and down arrow key 102 are used to select the desired value of that display. For example, when cursor 100 resides under the first character of address display 94 as shown in FIG. 10, depression of up arrow key 101 advances the value shown of that portion to the next value (ex: from 1 to 2) while depression of down arrow key 102 decreases the value in that position. Similarly, if cursor 100 resides in protocol display 94, depression of either up arrow key 101 or down arrow key 102 causes the value in protocol display 94 to toggle between E and N. Various other data entry means, such as a keyboard and CRT, that are well known in the art, may be implemented with test transmitter/programmer 90 and are within the scope of the present invention. The data entry keys illustrated in FIG. 10 allow the user to make the necessary selections in a very compact and aesthetically pleasing form.
Test transmitter 90 may be used to test any addressable receiver connected to a power line. Two testing functions are provided in this embodiment of transmitter/programmer 90 when used as a test transmitter, namely TEST and CYCLE, with TEST mode referring to the transmission of a single test signal and CYCLE mode referring to the provision of successive test signals. To test a receiver, power is provided to test transmitter 90 by connecting test transmitter 90 to the power line to which the receiver to be tested is connected. To transmit a test signal to a particular receiver with test transmitter 90, the user turns on test transmitter 90 by depressing ON switch 103 and then cursor 100 in address display 94. The address code of the receiver to be tested is selected by using up and down arrow keys 101 and 102. Once the address is selected, depression of Testing Xmit key 106 causes an OFF command to be transmitted over the power line to command the selected addressable device to turn off the electrical appliance attached thereto. Depression of Testing Xmit key 106 again causes transmission of an ON command to the selected addressable device. Depression of Testing Xmit key 106 is referred to as the TEST mode wherein depression should cause the appliance connected to the selected addressable device to alternately be turned on and off. By depressing Testing Cycle key 107, the CYCLE mode is invoked. In this mode, the ON and OFF commands for the selected address are sent in succession until Testing Cycle Key 107 is depressed again.
As previously discussed, for communication between receivers 60 and transmitters 50 of the present invention, both are designated with a unique address code. The address code of receiver 60 is stored in receiver EEPROM 68 and the address code of transmitter 50 is stored in transmitter EEPROM 58. Of course, the value of the device's address code stored in either receiver EEPROM 68 or transmitter EEPROM 58 may be preprogrammed by the manufacturer using an EEPROM programmer as is known in the art. In addition, test transmitter/programmer 90 may be used to program or reprogram the value of the address code stored in either receiver or transmitter EEPROM 68 or 58, respectively, when test transmitter/programmer 90 is used as a programming device as discussed below.
To program/reprogram the address code stored in receiver EEPROM 68, RJ-11 mating connector 91 of programmer 90 is connected to receiver SDL connector 69. In one embodiment, receiver 60 need not be connected to a power line, but power must be provided to programmer 90 either through connection to a power line or from an internal battery source (not shown) of programmer 90. In general, signals transmitted by programmer 90 to receiver SDL connector 69 are in turn received by receiver microprocessor 66 which is electrically connected to receiver EEPROM 69. Microprocessor 66 is capable of modifying parametric values, including the receiver's address code, which are stored in EEPROM 69. To select the address code to be programmed, the user turns on programmer 90 by depressing ON switch 103, places cursor 100 in address display 94 by using left arrow key 90 and right arrow key 99, and uses up arrow key 101 and down arrow key 102 to select the value of the address code in address display 94 to the desired address code. Then, the user depresses program send key 104 to send a signal containing the desired address through receiver SDL connector 69 to receiver microprocessor 66. Alternately, the user may be required, prior to the depression of program send key 104, to move cursor 100 to status display 97 and select the status ASET which sets programmer 90 in the proper mode for sending an address set command to the addressable device, receiver 60, attached thereto.
Upon depression of program send key 104, microprocessor 156 (see FIG. 9) of programmer 90 ascertains that program send key 104 has been depressed such that microprocessor 156 may initiate the transmission of the appropriate data signal, in this instance an ASET signal (see Table I), via SDL connector 159 of programmer 90. The data signal is received by receiver microprocessor 66 (see FIG. 6) via receiver SDL connector 69. Microprocessor 66 of receiver 60 then changes the value of the address code stored in receiver EEPROM 68 to be that of the new address code selected by the user and transmitted by programmer 90.
To program the address code stored in transmitter EEPROM 58 of transmitter 50, RJ-11 mating connector 91 is connected to transmitter SDL connector 59 and power is provided to programmer 90. As with receiver 60, transmitter 50 need not be connected to the power line. The same programming steps described above for programming the address code of receiver 60 are used to program the address code of transmitter 50.
In addition to programming/reprogramming the address code of an addressable device, programmer 90 also includes the capability to communicate with an addressable device to determine the current value of the address code saved in the device's EEPROM. To read the device's address code, RJ-11 connector 91 is connected to the SDL connector of the device. The device's microprocessor detects the present of programmer 90 and sends the address code of the device to programmer 90. Alternately, the user may set status display to ARED, and depress program send button 104, to cause programmer 90 to send an inquiry signal to the device through the device's electronic communications port (SDL connector). The address code of the device is sent to programmer 90 by the device's microprocessor in response to the request command generated and sent by programmer 90. In both instances, upon receipt of the address code by programmer 90, the address code of the device is displayed in address display 94 of programmer 90. In this mode, the microprocessor of the addressable device serves as a status transmitting means for transmitting information, namely, in this embodiment the stored address code, to the electronic communications port of the device.
In addition to setting and reading the address code for the receiver or transmitter (addressable device) connected to programmer 90, several other programming and inquiry functions may be invoked with programmer 90. The serial data link (SDL) signals transmitted by test transmitter/programmer 90 are shown in Table I and the corresponding SDL signals sent by the receiving device (namely, the receiver or transmitter to which programmer 90 is connected via mating connector 91 to the electrical communications port) are shown in Table II for one embodiment of the present invention. Ten signal types are shown in each table. Those signals are:
The acronyms used in the tables are defined as follows:
In one embodiment, once a test transmitter/programmer is connected to the communications port of a transmitter or receiver and the Program Send key is depressed, the same 27 bit inquiry command is sent to the transmitter or receiver. The transmitter or receiver acts according to the command, and returns an identically formatted 27 bit status response. Therefore, the same transmitter/programmer can be used to interrogate and to program either a receiver or a transmitter.
The above acronyms also represent values that are or may be stored in the addressable device's EEPROM. Thus, when programmer 90 sends an ARED command to an addressable device, the values AEN, AL and AN are returned from the receiving device to programmer 90. Similarly, AEN, AL and AN are modified when an ASET signal containing these parameters is sent from programmer 90 to a receiving device.
Four of the signals listed above, CRED, CSET, COPN and CLOK, relate to a customer code, C#B#, for the receiving device. The customer code refers to a unique code which may be set by the customer to serve as a password for the customer's system. Such a code may be added to the data communications protocol to therefore serve as a password prohibiting the communication between systems or devices having different customer codes. A customer code may be useful when more than one system is installed to a main power trunk as may be found in a building wherein several small offices are leased by various distinct entities.
The customer code may also be used to prohibit unauthorized users having a programmer according to the present invention from programming the addressable devices of the system. This may be accomplished in several ways. For example, by storing the customer code in transmitter EEPROM 58 and receiver EEPROM 68, transmission of a signal from programmer 90 instructing an address change must include the customer code. Microprocessor 56 or 66, respectively, serves as a means for preventing a change of the address code stored in EEPROM 58 or 68, respectively, if the customer code transmitted does not match the customer code stored in EEPROM 56 or 58. The transmitted customer code from programmer 90 may be required to be entered by the user on programmer 90 each time programmer 90 is used to change an address code, or, more practically, the customer code may be stored in the EEPROM of programmer 90.
With regard to the other SDL signal types listed above, CLER, or the clear memory function, allows the user to reset the values stored in the EEPROM of the addressable device to default values. For example, the default value for the address code may be 1A1. CRED and CSET allow the user to read and to set the customer code, C#B#, stored in the device's EEPROM. The COPN and CLOK functions allow the customer code to be locked and unlocked to permit or prohibit, respectively, modification of the customer code stored in the device's EEPROM. Also, the DRED and DSET functions allow the user to read or to set the date code.
In this embodiment, information regarding the type of device (RX or TX), the type of protocol (extended mode EX or normal mode NL) for the device, the firmware version of the device's microprocessor (CH), and date codes (W and Y) are also stored in EEPROM. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that additional variables maybe stored in the receiving device's EEPROM and additional commands for setting and reading those variables may be provided. For example, the predetermined time interval for automatically retransmitting signals may be stored in EEPROM 58 of transmitter 50 and the predetermined time period for monitoring signals received by receiver 60 may be stored in receiver EEPROM 58, and SDL signals established to set and read these time periods may be handled by programmer 90 and the respective receiving device.
It will be further appreciated that additional signals may be exchanged between programmer 90 and receiver 60 or transmitter 50. For example, perhaps the software residing on receiver microprocessor 66 or transmitter microprocessor 56 provides a variety of optimal software features that may or may not be desirable for a particular application. If "enable codes" for enabling/disabling those software options are stored in EEPROM, an enable and disable signal may be sent from programmer 90 to the correct microprocessor. Similarly, the value of the enable codes stored in memory may be read by programmer 90.
It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that two versions of programmer 90 may be manufactured--one for the consumer and one for the manufacturer--which differ from each other by the software executing on each. The manufacturer's version may contain functions not made available in the consumer version. For example, it may be desirable to prohibit the consumer from modifying the firmware version number, the date code, or to enable functions considered by the manufacturer as optional for which the consumer has opted not to purchase.
It will be further appreciated that the serial data link communications signals exchanged between programmer 90 and either receiver 60 or transmitter 50 are identical. Thus, essentially the same software codes and communications protocol may be used for receiver microprocessor 66 as is used for transmitter microprocessor 56 in handling the device's two-way communication with programmer 90.
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the test receiver of the power line communication system of the present invention. Test receiver 120 comprises many of the same types of elements comprising receiver 60 of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 6. Specifically, test receiver 120 includes power supply 161 and PLC interface 162 to power line 31. A signal of 120 kHz generated by a transmitter, such as transmitter 50 of FIG. 5 or test transmitter/programmer 90 of FIGS. 9-10, connected to the system of the present invention is received by receive conditioning circuitry 164 which converts the 120 kHz signal to a square wave. Test receiver 120 includes zero-crossing detect circuit 165 for detecting the points at which the signal of power line 31 makes a zero-crossing. For the selection of input data and the display of information, test receiver 120 also includes user keypad 167 and LCD display 93, respectively, the operation of which is described in further detail herein. Connected to user keypad 167, LCD display 93, receive conditioning circuit 164 and zero-crossing detect circuit 165 is microprocessor 166.
Referring now to FIG. 12, there is shown a front view of one embodiment of the test receiver of the power line communication system of the present invention. Test receiver 120 includes LCD display 93 for displaying a received signal and includes four sub-displays: address display 94, protocol display 95, command display 96 and status display 97, all similar to that of test transmitter/programmer 90. By connecting test receiver 120 to a power line via power cord 92, test receiver 120 monitors all recognizable signals transmitted over that power line, displays the signal on LCD display 93 and indicates the strength of the signal by displaying the signal strength on LCD display 93. Specifically, a message such as "PEAK ##MV", where ## is the value of the signal strength, is displayed beginning in address display 94 of LCD display 93. In this manner, a signal generated by transmitter 50 or test transmitter 90 of the present invention may be evaluated with regard to the accuracy of the content of the intended signal as well as the sufficiency of the strength of the signal. With regard to the content of the signal, the address code, protocol type, command, and states are all displayed on LCD display 93 of test receiver 120.
During operation of test receiver 120, power is provided to test receiver 120 via connection of power cord 92 to the power line. To activate test receiver 120, the user depresses ON button 103. At this point, the user may observe on LCD display 93 the address, protocol mode, command and status of all data signals detected by test receiver 120. If the user desires only to view commands sent to a particular addressable device on the power system, the user uses left, right, up and down arrow keys 98, 99, 101 and 102, respectively, in the manner previously described to set address display 94 to the desired address to be monitored.
Referring to the block diagram of test receiver 120 illustrated in FIG. 11, upon selection of the address or addresses to be monitored by test receiver 120, microprocessor 166 of test receiver 120 monitors data signals transmitted over power line 31. Such data signals are received by PCT interface circuitry 162 and converted to a square wave by receive conditioning circuitry 164 before passing into microprocessor 166. Concurrently, microprocessor 166 receives input from zero-crossing detect circuit 165 indicating the time at which a zero-crossing of the power line signal has occurred. Like receiver 60 of the present invention, microprocessor 166 evaluates the signal received at each zero-crossing occurrence and looks for the receipt of a valid data signal according the the prescribed data protocol. After collecting incoming data of a valid data signal, microprocessor 166 compares the address of such a signal to the selected address(es) to be monitored. When the data signal's address code matches that (those) of the selected address(es), microprocessor 166 causes a message to be displayed on LCD display 93. Simultaneous with the collection of a valid data signal, microprocessor 166 notes the strength of the data signal, such strength being measured in terms of voltage as the signal is converted to a square wave by receive conditioning circuitry 164. In this manner, the peak voltage is presented by microprocessor 166 on LCD display 93 for the address(es) selected.
Software code for transmitter 50 and receiver 60, and flowcharts for the software code for test transmitter 90 and test receiver 120 according to one embodiment of the present invention are shown in the Appendix. The software for the transmitter and receiver encompasses the handling of the transmission and receipt, respectively, of the data communications protocol according to the present invention, as well as the interface of these devices to test programmer 90--the serial data link communications code. The software code for the test transmitter/programmer also includes the SDL communications software for the device's interface to the transmitter and receivers of the present invention. ##SPC1##
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a power line communication system comprising at least one transmitter electrically connected to a power line for the transmission of a data signal, the power line transmitting an AC power line signal of known frequency and having zero crossings, the data signal comprising data bits transmitted over the power line at a frequency greater than the frequency of the power line signal with the data signal's data bits transmitted at the zero crossing of the power line signal, at least one addressable receiver having a receiver address associated therewith, the receiver electrically connected to the power line and capable or receiving the data signal generated by the transmitter, the data signal being generally in accordance with a known protocol, the known protocol comprising an X-10 protocol including in sequence a start code comprising a bit pattern of 1110, a four bit first receiver address code, and an extended code command comprising a bit pattern of 01111, the improvement comprising: the data signal further comprising a second receiver address/command code of at least five bits in number and the number of bits thereof being indivisible by four, immediately following the extended code command of the bit pattern 01111, at least one bit of said second address/command code representing whether the second address/command code represents a portion of the receiver address or a command, such that by combining the second receiver address/command code with the first receiver address code when the second receiver address/command code represents a portion of the receiver address at least 257 receivers with unique addresses may be controlled by data signals transmitted on the power line.
2. The power line communication system of claim 1 wherein the second receiver address/command code is comprised of exactly nine data bits.
3. A power line communication system programmer for a system comprising a plurality of addressable devices, each addressable device having an electric connector for connection to a power line, means for storing a programmable address code, and an electrical programming port connector, the programmer comprising: means for receiving electric power, the electric power receiving means separate from the electric connectors of the plurality of addressable devices, a mating connector for connection to the electrical programming port connector of an addressable device, means for specifying an address code to be transmitted to the addressable device, and means for electronically transmitting the specified address code to the addressable device via the electrical programming port connector such that the specified address code is stored by the programmable address code storing means of the addressable device.
4. The programmer of claim 3 wherein at least one of the addressable devices comprises a receiver.
5. The programmer of claim 3 wherein at least one of the addressable devices comprises a transmitter.
6. A power line communication system receiver comprising: means for connecting the receiver to a power line over which command signals including an address are transmitted, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line which is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means being responsive to command signals transmitted on the power line, means for storing an address code, and an electrical communications port operably connected to the address code storing means, the electrical communications port separate from the power line connecting means, such that the receiver receives a transmitted address code through the electrical communications port and stores the transmitted address in the storing means, and such that the switch means responds only to command signals having an address corresponding to the address stored by the address code storing means.
7. The power line communication system receiver of claim 6 wherein the electrical communications port includes two electrical conductors operably connected to the switch means such that shorting the two electrical conductors together results in actuation of the switch means.
8. The receiver for a power line communication system of claim 6 wherein the electrical communications port includes means for supplying electrical power to the receiver when receiving a transmitted address code.
9. A power line communication system transmitter comprising: means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line, means for storing an address code operably connected to the command signal transmitting means, an electrical communications port operably connected to the address code storing means, and means for receiving a transmitted address code received through the electrical communications port and storing the transmitted address in the storing means, the receiving means operably connected to the electrical communications port, such that the command signals transmitted onto the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address stored by the storing means.
10. The transmitter of claim 9 wherein the electrical communications port includes means for supplying electrical power to the transmitter when receiving a transmitted address code.
11. A power line communication system receiver for a power line communication system capable of generating command signals of a plurality of different protocols, the power line communication system including a power line transmitting a level of power and an AC power line signal of known frequency and having zero crossings, the system further comprising a command signal of data bits transmitted over the power line at a frequency greater than the frequency of the power line with the command signal's data bits transmitted at the zero crossing of the power line, the receiver comprising: means for connecting the receiver to a power line, means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, means for storing an address, and switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line which is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means being responsive to command signals transmitted on the power line that include the stored address of the receiver, the switch means operably connected to the address storing means, means for connecting the receiver to a power line, and means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, and the switch means being responsive to command signals of the plurality of different protocols transmitted on the power line.
12. The power line communication system receiver of claim 11 wherein one of the protocols to which the receiver is responsive to is an X-10 protocol including in sequence a four bit start code, a four bit address code and a five bit extended code command.
13. A power line communication system transmitter comprising: means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, means for storing an address code, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line such that the command signals transmitted onto the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address stored by the storing means, the command signal transmitting means operably connected to the means for connecting the transmitter to a power line and the address code storing means, means for changing the stored address code, means for storing a password, and preventing means operable to prevent changing of the stored address code unless a password is specified which corresponds to the stored password, the preventing means operably connected to the means for changing the stored address code and the means for storing a password.
14. The power line communication system transmitter of claim 13, further comprising: an electrical communications port connected to the changing means, the port being operable to receive a specified password.
15. A power line communication system receiver comprising; means for connecting the receiver to a power line, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, means for storing an address code, switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line which is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means being responsive to command signals transmitted on the power line, the switch means operably connected to the means for connecting the receiver to a power line, means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, and the address code storing means, such that the switch means responds only to command signals having an address corresponding to the address stored by the storing means, means for changing the stored address code, means for storing a password, and preventing means operably to prevent changing the stored address code unless a password is specified which corresponds to the stored password, the preventing means operably connected to the means for changing the stored address code and operably connected to the means for storing a password.
16. The power line communication system receiver of claim 15, further comprising: an electrical communications port connected to the means for changing the stored address code, the port being operable to receive a specified password.
17. A power line communication system transmitter comprising: means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for storing an address code, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line such that the command signals transmitted ont the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address stored by the storing means, and timing means automatically retransmitting a previously transmitted command signal onto the power line after a predetermined time period, the timing means operably connected to the means for transmitting command signals.
18. A power line communication system receiver, comprising: means for connecting the receiver to a power line and to an electrical appliance, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for storing an address code, switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means having a default state, the switch means being responsive only to command signals transmitted on the power line having an address corresponding to the address code stored by the storing means, means for measuring time elapsed since the receiver last received a command signal that included an address corresponding to its address code, and means for causing the switch means to enter its default state upon passage of a predetermined amount of time.
19. A power line communication system comprising: at least one power line communication transmitter comprising means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, means for storing a transmitter address code, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line such that the command signals transmitted on to the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address code stored by the transmitter address code storing means, the command signal transmitting means operably connected to the transmitter address code storing means, a transmitter electrical communications port separated from the means for connecting the transmitter to the power line, and transmitter status transmit means for transmitting information regarding the transmitter's status to the transmitter communications port, the transmitter status transmit means being responsive to a predetermined command signal received from the transmitter communications port; and at least one power line communication system receiver, comprising means for connecting the receiver to a power line, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for connecting the receive to an electrical appliance, means for storing a receiver address code, switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line which is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means being responsive to command signals transmitted on the power line, such that the switch means responds only to command signals having an address corresponding to the address stored by the receiver address code storing means, a receiver electrical communications port separate from the means for connecting the receiver to a power line, and receiver status transmit means for transmitting information regarding the receiver's status to the receiver communications port, the receiver status transmit means being responsive to the same predetermined command signal received from the receiver communications port to which the transmitter is responsive.
20. The power line communication system of claim 19, wherein the transmitter electrical communications ports of the at least one transmitter and the receiver electrical communications port of the at least one receiver each accept an identical electrical connector.
21. A power line communication system programmer for use in connection with a power line communication system having at least one power line communication transmitter including means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, means for storing a transmitter address code, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line such that the command signals transmitted onto the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address code stored by the transmitter address code storing means, the command signal transmitting means operably connected to the transmitter address code storing means, and a transmitter electrical communications port operably connected to the transmitter address code storing means, and separate from the means for connecting the transmitter to a power line; at least one power line communication system receiver including means for connecting the receiver to a power line, the power line transmitting a level of power, means for connecting the receiver to an electrical appliance, means for storing a receiver address code, switch means for selectively controlling the level of power from the power line which is connected to the means for connecting the receiver to the electrical appliance, the switch means being responsive to command signals transmitted on the power line, such that the switch means responds only to command signals having an address corresponding to the address stored by the receiver address code storing means, the switch means operably connected to the address code storing means, and a receiver electrical communications port separate from the means for connecting the receiver to a power line; the programmer comprising: a programer electrical communications port capable of mating with the electrical communications ports of both the transmitter and receiver; and a command generation means for generating a command to be transmitted to the electrical communications port of the programmer to thereby cause a transmitter or receiver to transmit information regarding the transmitter's or receiver's status to the electrical communications port of the programmer.
22. The power communications system programmer of claim 21 further comprising display means for displaying at least a portion of the information transmitted to the programmer communications port.
23. The power communications system programmer of claim 21 further comprising means for specifying an address which may be transmitted to the programmer electrical communications port to thereby be stored by the storing means of the at least one transmitter or at least one receiver.
24. A power line communication system receiver for use in connection with the power line communication system having a plurality of power line communication transmitters, each transmitter comprising means for connecting the transmitter to a power line, means for storing an address code, means for transmitting command signals onto the power line to control receivers connected to the power line such that the command signals transmitted onto the power line by the transmitter include an address corresponding to the address stored by the storing means, and such that the command signals comprise at least one of a plurality of actions codes specifying different actions for receivers to take; the receiver comprising: means for connecting the receiver to a power line; and means for displaying the address of a command signal transmitted by a transmitter onto the power line, the means for displaying the address operably connected to the means for connected the receiver to a power line.
25. The receiver for a power line communication system of claim 24, further comprising means for displaying an action code corresponding to a command signal transmitted for each displayed address.
26. The receiver for a power line communication system of claim 25, further comprising means for specifying an address and means for displaying only those action codes from command signals referencing the specified address.
27. The receiver for a power line communication system of claim 24, wherein each command signal has a signal strength associated therewith, the receiver further comprising means for displaying the signal strength of a transmitted command signal.
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