US 5,381,352 AGrant
Circuit for Multiplying an Analog Value by a Digital Value
Issue Date:1995-01-10
•11 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A multiplication circuit directly multiplying an analog and a digital data without converting analog/digital or digital/analog converting. An analog input voltage is controlled by a switching signal of a digital voltage so as to generate an analog output or cut-off the outputs. Digital input signals b.sub.0 to b.sub.7 of a plural number of bits is integrated giving weights by means of a capacitive coupling, and a sign bit is added by a capacitive coupling CP with a double weight of the most significant bit ("MSB") of the digital input.
Metadata
Assignee
- Yozan, Inc.
Inventors
- Guoliang Shou
- Weikang Yang
- Sunao Takatori
- Makoto Yamamoto
Application Information
Application Number:US 1707310
Filing Date:1993-12-21
Priority Date:1992-12-22
Art Unit:236
Classifications
IPC:
G06J 100
Field of Search:
364606;602
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multiplication circuit.
Background of the Invention
In recent years, there are arguments about a limitation of a digital computer because of expotential increase in the amount of money for investments for equipment concerning to a minute processing technology. Here, an analog computer is calling attention. On the other hand, stored conventional digital technology should be used and both workings of a digital and an analog processings are necessary, and operational processing system including an analog data and a digital data is important.
However, conventionally, such an operational circuit including both an analog and a digital data without analog/digital or digital/analog converting is not known.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is invented so as to solve the conventional problems and has a purpose to provide a multiplication circuit capable of directly multiplying an analog data and a digital data without analog/digital or digital/analog converting.
A multiplication circuit according to the present invention controls an analog input voltage by a switching signal of a digital voltage so as to generate an analog output or cut-off the output. A digital input signal of a plural number of bits with giving weights by means of a capacitive coupling, and a sign bit is added by a capacitive coupling with a double of the MSB of the digital input.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit showing the first embodiment of a multiplication circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram showing inverter circuits INV.sub.1 and INV.sub.2.
FIG. 3 is an inverter circuit in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a circuit detailedly showing switching circuits from SW.sub.1 to SW.sub.8.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the inside of a switching circuit SW.sub.9.
Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a multiplication circuit according to the present invention is described with referring to the attached drawings.
In FIG. 1, a multiplication circuit M has a plural number of switching circuits from SW.sub.1 to SW.sub.8 connected with an analog input voltage X and digital input voltages from b.sub.0 to b.sub.7 corresponding to each bit of a digital data as a control signal to these switching circuits. Outputs of switching circuits are connected with each capacitor in a capacitive coupling CP parallelly connecting a plural number of capacitors from CC.sub.0 to CC.sub.7, and an output of CP generates an output as shown by following formula.
This formula is rewritten as follows under a condition of C.sub.2 =C.sub.3.
As mentioned above, products of an analog input voltage X and a digital input voltage (from b.sub.0 to b.sub.7) are directly calculated in a multiplication circuit M and it is possible to perform inverted processing corresponding to sign bit s at INV.sub.1.
Outputs of INV.sub.1 and INV.sub.2 are connected with a switching circuit SW.sub.9, and SW.sub.9 is switched by a sign bit s of a digital data. The switch SW.sub.9 outputs V.sub.2 or V.sub.3 alternatively, as an output voltage Y. An inverted output V.sub.2 of Y is output when a sign bit s is equal to 1 (high level), and a non-inverted output V.sub.2 is output when a sign bit s is equal to 0 (low level).
FIG. 2 shows the inside of composition of inverter circuits INV.sub.1 and INV.sub.2, and FIG. 3 shows an inverter circuit in FIG. 2.
As FIG. 2 shows, by serially connecting a plural number of inverters from I.sub.1 and I.sub.3, an output accuracy becomes higher. Inverters from I.sub.1 to I.sub.3 consist of nMOS and pMOS the drains of pMOS is connected with a positive voltage, the source of pMOS is connected with the drain of nMOS, and the source of nMOS is connected with a negative voltage. An input voltage is input to the gates of nMOS and pMOS. An output is generated from the junctive of both MOSs.
FIG. 4 shows the switching circuits from SW.sub.1 to SW.sub.8 in detail. The switching circuit is a CMOS switch consisting of a CMOS Tr.sub.1 and a dummy transistor Tr.sub.2. An output voltage X is input to a drain of Tr.sub.1, and an output is generated at the junctive of Tr.sub.1 and Tr.sub.2. A digital input voltage is invertedly connected to the gate of pMOS of Tr.sub.1 and the gate of nMOS of Tr.sub.2 and non-invertedly connected to the gate of mMOS of Tr.sub.1 and the gate of pMOS of Tr.sub.2. As a result, it is possible to realize opening and closing of an analog input voltage with little voltage drop at a switch.
FIG. 5 shows the switching circuit in detail. V.sub.2 and V.sub.3 are connected with a pMOS source side in two CMOSs Tr.sub.3 and Tr.sub.4, and pMOS drain side is connected with a common capacitance C.sub.4. Sign bit s is directly input to a nMOS gate of Tr.sub.3 and pMOS gate of Tr.sub.4, and an signal inverted by an inverter I.sub.4 is input to a gate of pMOS of Tr.sub.3 and a gate of nMOS of Tr.sub.4. When a sign bit s is equal to 1, then Tr.sub.3 becomes conductive and an inverted output V.sub.2 is impressed to C.sub.4. When a sign bit s is equal to 0, then Tr.sub.4 is conductive so that non-inverted output V.sub.3 is impressed to C.sub.4. Therefore, it is possible to generate positive and negative output corresponding to a sign bit.
As mentioned above, a multiplication circuit according to the present invention controls an analog input voltage by a switching signal of a digital voltage so as to generate an analog output or cut-off the outputs. A digital input signal of a plural number of bits is integrated giving weights by means of a capacitive coupling, and a sign bit is added by a capacitive coupling with a double weight of the MSB of the digital input so that it is possible to provide a multiplication circuit directly multiplying an analog and a digital data without converting analog/digital or digital/analog converting.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multiplication circuit comprising: i) a capacitive coupling element which comprises a plurality of first capacitors connected in parallel with capacitive values corresponding to weights of each bit of a digital data; ii) a first switching circuit connected with the first capacitors of said capacitive coupling element, said switching circuit being opened and closed by a digital voltage corresponding to each bit of said digital data; iii) a first inverter connected with an output of said capacitive coupling element; iv) a second capacitor connected with an output of said first inverter; v) a second inverter connected with said first inverter through said second capacitor; vi) a second switching circuit connected with an output of the second inverter and said output of said first inverter for outputting alternatively one of said outputs; and vii) an analog input voltage connected with said first switching circuit.
2. A multiplication circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and the second switching circuits comprises CMOS.
3. A multiplication circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second switching circuit comprises CMOS and a dummy transistor.
4. A multiplication circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first inverter feeds back an output to an input through a capacitor with a capacitance equal to a total capacitance of a capacitive coupling.
5. A multiplication circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second inverter is connected at said output with an input of said second inverter through a capacitor with capacity equal to a capacitance of said second capacitor, whereby said output is fed back to said input.
6. A digital/analog multiplier, comprising: a bridge of switching elements, each receiving an analog signal to be multiplied, and each receiving a respective bit of a digital signal to be multiplied, said bridge of switching elements selectively switching on or off voltages dependent on bit of said digital signal and producing an output signal indicative of a multiplication product between said analog signal and said digital signal; an inverting element, receiving the output of said bridge, and inverting a sense of an analog voltage represented thereby; and a switch, receiving a sign bit of the digital signal, and receiving an inverted an a non-inverted result of multiplication, said sign bit selecting which of said inverted or non-inverted output is produced.
7. A system as in claim 6 wherein said bridge includes a plurality of capacitors which sum together outputs of said switches.
8. A system as in claim 7 wherein said switches receive said digital bits to turn said switches on and off.
9. A system as in claim 7 wherein said capacitors have values which respectively weight various parts of the bridge.
10. A multiplier as in claim 6 wherein said inverting element includes at least three inverters in series.
11. A multiplier as in claim 10 wherein at least one of said inverters is of an nMOS type and at least another of said inverters is of a pMOS type.
Patent Citations (3)
Non-Patent Literature (3)
- Iwai, "The Beginning of Logical Circuit", The Electrical Engineering Handbook, 1980, pp. 144-146.
- Miyazaki, "The Analog Usage Handbook", CQ Suppan kabushikigaisha, 1992, pp. 139-140.
- "The Electrical Engineering Handbook", Richard C. Dorf, Editor-in-Chief, 1993, pp. 1861-1865.