US 5,353,491 AGrant
Method of Making Frame and Magnet Assembly for a Dynamoelectric Machine
Issue Date:1994-10-11
•5 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A method of securing a tubular metallic magnet retainer to a tubular metallic frame of a dynamoelectric machine, the tubular frame having an annular internal surface, the steps comprising, forming an annular end surface at an end of said tubular frame that is located at an angle to said annular internal surface of said frame, an intersection of said annular end surface and said internal annular surface of said frame forming an annular first ridge, inserting said magnet retainer into said tubular frame, bending an annular end portion of said magnet retainer into engagement with said annular surface on said frame to thereby form a second annular ridge on said magnet retainer that is aligned with said first annular ridge, moving a welding electrode that has an annular tapered surface into engagement with said second ridge, a shape of said tapered surface on said welding electrode being such that there is annular line contact between a portion of said tapered surface on said welding electrode and said second ridge, and causing a welding current to flow through said electrode and through said first and second ridges to cause an annular imperforate weld to be developed between said first and second ridges.
Metadata
Assignee
- General Motors Corporation
Inventors
- Ronald D. Gentry
- Kenneth P. Heuer
- Richard A. Van Sickle
Application Information
Application Number:US 1229842
Filing Date:1993-09-20
Priority Date:1993-02-25
Art Unit:326
Classifications
IPC:
H02K 1514
Field of Search:
29228310596173.2;173.442;89;91;154;258
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
This invention relates to a frame and magnet assembly for a dynamoelectric machine and to the method of manufacture of the assembly.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,114 granted on Apr. 14, 1992 discloses a frame and magnet assembly for a dynamoelectric machine. In that patent, a one-piece tubular magnet retainer is disposed within a tubular frame. The magnet retainer has pockets that receive permanent magnets. The end flanges of the magnet retainer are seam welded to the frame. The seam welds are continuous and form joints or welds that provide an imperforate hermetic seal.
This invention is an improvement of the frame and magnet assembly shown in above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,114.
The frame and magnet assembly of this invention uses a frame, the opposed ends of which have annular chamfered or tapered surfaces. The intersection of the circular inner surface of the frame and the chamfered or tapered surface on the frame define a ring-shaped projection or annular ridge. The magnet retainer has end portions that engage the tapered surfaces on the frame. The intersection of these end portions and the circular inner surface of the magnet retainer provide annular ridges. The annular ridges on the magnet retainer are aligned with the annular ridges on the frame and are welded to the annular ridges on the frame throughout the entire circumference of the annular ridges.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention, a new and improved method of welding a magnet retainer to the tubular frame is provided. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, a tubular metallic frame is provided. The opposite ends of the frame are machined to provide annular chamfered or tapered surfaces. The intersection of the chamfered or tapered surfaces and the internal annular surface of the frame define annular ridges. A magnet retainer is inserted into the tubular frame. The ends of the magnet retainer are now bent, for example by a roll forming operation, into engagement with the chamfered surfaces. This forms annular ridges on the magnet retainer that are aligned with annular ridges on the frame. A pair of opposed resistance welding electrodes are now moved into engagement with the ridges on the magnet retainer. The ends of the welding electrodes are tapered and the taper on the welding electrodes relative to the taper of the tapered surfaces on the tubular frame is such that the electrodes have annular line contact with the ridges on the magnet retainer over a circular area that is aligned with the annular ridge on the frame. A welding current is now applied to the welding electrodes to cause the ridges on the magnet retainer to be welded to the annular projections or ridges on the frame. These welds are imperforate so.,that they provide a seal that is impervious to moisture or the like.
In The Drawings;
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the parts that make up the frame and magnet assembly of this invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates welding apparatus for welding a magnet retainer to tubular frame.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a field and frame assembly made in accordance with this invention and illustrating the magnet retainer welded to the tubular frame.
Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, the reference numeral 10 designates a frame for a dynamoelectric machine. This frame is tubular and imperforate and is formed of a magnetic material such as steel. The frame may be part of an electric cranking motor for an electric engine starter. The frame 10 has an internal circular surface or wall 10A. The ends of frame 10 have chamfered or tapered annular conical surfaces 11 and 13 that are located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of frame 10.
The frame and magnet assembly utilizes a one-piece tubular permanent magnet retainer or support generally designated as 12. This retainer or support part 12 is formed of an imperforate metallic nonmagnetic material. By way of example, part 12 can be formed of a nonmagnetic stainless steel, for example, AISI 302 stainless steel. The thickness of tubular part 12 may be about 0.005 inches. The part 12 has an axially extending seam weld 14 which is made when the part 12 is made. The seam weld 14 joins opposed edges of part 12 when the part is rolled up into its tubular shape. The seam weld 14 is continuous and imperforate and extends the entire length of part 12.
The part 12 has four circumferentially spaced pockets or recesses each generally designated as 16. Since these pockets are identical, only one of the pockets 16 will be described in detail. Each pocket 16 is defined by an inner arcuately extending wall 16A and four generally radially extending walls 16B, 16C, 16D, and 16E. As will be described, the pockets 16 are shaped to receive a permanent magnet and a shunt member. The part 12 has opposed circular flanges or rims 18 and 20 located respectively at opposite ends of part 12. The portions of part 12 that define the pockets 16 are joined by arcuately extending portions 22.
The frame and magnet assembly has four permanent magnets, each designated as 24 and four magnetic shunts each designated as 26. Permanent magnets 24 have opposed arcuate end surfaces or faces 24A and 24B and shunts 26 have opposed and arcuate surfaces or faces 26A and 26B. The arcuate surfaces of the permanent magnets and shunts are complementary to the shape of pocket walls 16A and the internal surface 10A of frame 10. The permanent magnets may be of the iron-neodymium-boron type which can corrode if subjected to a corrosive substance. The shunts 26 are formed of a magnetic material such as iron.
The manner in which the magnet retainer 12 is welded to the frame 10 will now be described. Prior to welding, the permanent magnets and shunts are inserted into the pockets. The magnet retainer is now inserted into frame 10 to the position shown in FIG. 2. With the retainer in the position shown in FIG. 2, an annular portion 28 of rim 18 of retainer 12 is bent or forced into engagement with the chamfered surface 11 on frame 10. This can be accomplished by roll-forming portion 28 into engagement with chamfered surface 11 by means of a roller that is rotated against portion 28. When portion 28 is bent or roll-formed to the position shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that an annular ridge 30 is formed. The ridge 30 is aligned with the annular ridge or projection 32 on frame 10 that is defined by the intersection of circular surface 10A and annular tapered surface 11.
The annular portion 34 of rim 20 of magnet retainer 12 is likewise bent into engagement with the chamfered or tapered surface 13 of frame 10. When portion 34 is bent or roll-formed to the position shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that an annular ridge 36 is formed on retainer 12. The ridge 36 is aligned with the annular ridge or projection 38 that is defined by the intersection of circular surface 10A and annular tapered surface 13.
With the parts positioned as shown in FIG. 2, welding electrodes 40 and 42 are moved respectively into engagement with ridges 30 and 36 on magnet retainer 12. The welding electrode 40 has an annular chamfered or tapered conical surface 40A that engages ridge 30. There is only annular line contact between an annular portion of surface 40A of electrode 40 and ridge 30 on retainer 12. This is because the surface 11 on frame 12 and consequently the outer surface of portion 28 are not parallel to surface 40A of electrode 40. Putting it another way, the angles of surfaces 11 and 40A are not the same. Thus, the angle between a line (not illustrated) that is parallel to surface 11 and a center line or longitudinal axis of frame 10 and electrode 40 is larger than the angle between a line (not illustrated) that is parallel to surface 40A and the center line or longitudinal axis of frame 10 and electrode 40. Further, surface 40A is substantially perpendicular to a line (not illustrated) extending through aligned ridges 30 and 32.
The electrode 42 has an annular chamfered or tapered conical surface 42A which has the same angle relative to the longitudinal axis of electrode 42 as the angle of surface 40A. When electrode 42 is moved into engagement with magnet retainer 12, it engages the ridge 36. There is only annular line contact between an annular portion of surface 42A of electrode 42 and ridge 36 on retainer 12. This is because the surface 13 on frame 12 and consequently the outer surface of portion 34 are not parallel to surface 42A of electrode 42. Putting it another way, the angle of surfaces 13 and 42A are not the same. The angle of surface 13 relative to the longitudinal axis of frame 10 is the same as the angle of surface 11.
The electrodes 40 and 42 can be moved from a retracted position to the position shown in FIG. 2 by air cylinders, which have not been illustrated. In the welding position of the electrodes, shown in FIG. 2, the air cylinders apply force or pressure to welding electrodes 40 and 42 which causes the tapered surface 40A of electrode 40 to tightly engage ridge 30 in line contact and causes the retainer to tightly engage ridge 32. Further, the tapered surface 42A is forced into line contact engagement with ridge 34 and causes the retainer to tightly engage ridge 38 on frame 10.
With pressure applied to welding electrodes 40 and 42 to force the electrodes toward each other, an alternating welding current is applied to electrodes 40 and 42 from an alternating current welding power supply 44. The power supply is electrically connected to electrode 40 by a conductor 46 and is electrically connected to electrode 42 by a conductor 48. The rating of the power supply may be about 200KVA and during the welding of the magnet retainer to the frame about 64,000 amps are used. The electrodes 40 and 42 may be class eleven copper-tungsten electrodes.
When welding current is applied to electrodes 40 and 42, two imperforate annular welds are produced which are shown in FIG. 4 and designated respectively as 50 and 52. Welding current flows, for example, from conductor 48 to surface 42A of welding electrode 42 then through ridges 36 and 38 to frame 10, through frame 10, then through ridges 32 and 30 to surface 40A of welding electrode 40 and then to conductor 46. The current that passes through ridges 36 and 38 is localized by the ridges so that only the material of the ridges is heated to a molten state to form the weld. As the ridges are heated by the electric welding current, some of the molten material flows very slightly toward both sides of the ridges. A narrow weld is made which is slightly wider than the ridges. The weld that is formed between ridges 32 and 30 is the same as the weld that has just been described between ridges 36 and 38.
The welding method that has been described can be characterized as a projection resistance welding process since ridge 32 and 38, in effect, provide projections that localize welding current.
The projection welds 50 and 52 that are formed extend continuously for 360 degrees. These welds, therefore, form continuous imperforate joints or welds that provide an impervious hermetic seal at each end of magnet retainer 12. Thus, the welds 50 and 52 will not permit corrosive substances, such as salt spray, to enter part 12 and accordingly no corrosive substance can contact permanent magnets 24. The permanent magnets are totally hermetically encapsulated or enclosed by frame 10, welds 50 and 52 and part 12.
The frame and magnet assembly of this invention is intended to be used as a field assembly for providing magnetic flux to a direct voltage electric cranking motor. In such use, the armature of the motor rotates within part 12 and the frame 10 is secured to end frames of the cranking motor.
The permanent magnets 24 can be magnetized after part 12 has been welded to frame 10. This procedure eliminates the problem of magnetizing the magnets with the wrong polarity and also eliminates the problem of the frame picking up metallic particles prior to final assembly. After magnetization, the opposed end faces 24A and 24B of a magnet have opposite magnetic polarities.
It will be appreciated that this invention can be used in field assemblies that do not use shunt such as the shunts 26. If shunts are not used, the pockets 16 are shaped to accommodate only permanent magnets.
Some of the advantages of the welding process that have been described are listed as follows:
1. The ring projection like, for example, ridge 32 remains in the center of the fused weld zone. Any pinholes developed in magnetic retainer 12 caused by expulsion at the peak of ridge 32 will be completely surrounded by good fused metal, since the fused metal tends to flow slightly to both sides of the peak.
2. The open ends of the magnet retainer can be easily rolled over the ring projections like ridge 32, into engagement with the chamfered surfaces like surface 11, thus locking the magnetic retainer in place prior to the welding operation.
3. The magnet retainer centers itself as the electrodes move into position.
4. Any groove that forms on an electrode as it wears will not be detrimental to the continuity of the fused zone of the ring weld because the ring projection self-aligns itself to the electrode.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A method of securing a tubular metallic magnet retainer to a tubular metallic frame of a dynamoelectric machine, the tubular frame having an annular internal surface, the steps comprising, forming an annular end surface at an end of said tubular frame that is located at an angle to said annular internal surface of said frame, an intersection of said annular end surface and said internal annular surface of said frame forming an annular first ridge, inserting said magnet retainer into said tubular frame, bending an annular end portion of said magnet retainer into engagement with said annular surface on said frame to thereby form a second annular ridge on said magnet retainer that is aligned with said first annular ridge, moving a welding electrode that has an annular tapered surface into engagement with said second ridge, a shape of said tapered surface on said welding electrode being such that there is annular line contact between a portion of said tapered surface on said welding electrode and said second ridge, and causing a welding current to flow through said electrode and through said first and second ridges to cause an annular imperforate weld to be developed between said first and second ridges.
2. A method of securing a tubular metallic magnet retainer to a tubular metallic frame of a dynamoelectric machine, the steps comprising, forming an annular tapered surface at an end of said tubular frame, an intersection of said tapered surface and the internal annular surface of said frame forming an annular first ridge, inserting said magnet retainer into said tubular frame, bending an annular end portion of said magnet retainer into engagement with said tapered surface on said frame to thereby form a second annular ridge on said magnet retainer that is aligned with said first annular ridge, moving a welding electrode that has an annular tapered surface into engagement with said second ridge, a shape of said tapered surface on said welding electrode being such that there is annular line contact between a portion of said tapered surface on said welding electrode and said second ridge, and causing a welding current to flow through said electrode and through said first and second ridges to cause an annular imperforate weld to be developed between said first and second ridges.
3. The method according to claim 2 where said frame is formed of steel and said magnet retainer is formed of stainless steel.
4. A method of securing a tubular metallic magnet retainer to a tubular metallic frame of a dynamoelectric machine, the steps comprising, forming first and second annular tapered surfaces at opposite ends of said frame, a first intersection of said first tapered surface and the internal annular surface of said frame forming an annular first ridge, a second intersection of said second tapered surface and the internal annular surface of said frame forming a second annular ridge, inserting said magnet retainer into said tubular frame, bending an annular first end portion of said magnet retainer into engagement with said first tapered surface on said frame to thereby form a third annular ridge on said magnet retainer that is aligned with said first annular ridge, bending an annular second end portion of said magnet retainer into engagement with said second tapered surface on said frame to thereby form a fourth annular ridge on said magnet retainer that is aligned with said second annular ridge, moving a first welding electrode that has a first annular tapered surface into engagement with said third annular ridge, a shape of said first tapered surface on said first welding electrode being such that there is annular line contact between a portion of said first tapered surface on said first welding electrode and said third ridge, moving a second welding electrode that has a second annular tapered surface into engagement with said fourth annular ridge, a shape of said second tapered surface on said second welding electrode being such that there is annular line contact between a portion of said second tapered surface on said second welding electrode and said fourth ridge, and then applying a welding current to said first and second electrodes, said welding current flowing through said first and third ridges and through said second and fourth ridges to cause an imperforate first annular weld to be developed between said first and third ridges and to cause an imperforate second annular weld to be developed between said second and fourth ridges.
5. The method according to claim 4 where said frame is formed of steel and said magnet retainer is formed of stainless steel.