US 5,297,397 AGrant
Efficiency Directed Supplemental Condensing for High Ambient Refrigeration Operation
Issue Date:1994-03-29
•9 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
The insertion of a specifically designed liquid cooled supplemental condenser in a refrigeration system, working in operative relation with the air cooled condenser of the system, enhances the system operation. The objective of this supplemental condenser is to improve the condensing capacity of the existing air cooled refrigerant condenser to the extent that its performance will counteract the detrimental effects of high ambient temperatures by supplementing the existing condenser capacity. The system's air cooled condenser will perform as the primary condenser and the supplemental condenser will correct the pressures and temperatures of the refrigerant as required, for counteracting the effects of high ambient temperature operation on air conditioning refrigeration systems.
Metadata
Inventor
- Ronald J. Pointer
Application Information
Application Number:US 0110027
Filing Date:1993-01-29
Priority Date:1991-11-11
Art Unit:344
Classifications
IPC:
F25B 2702
Field of Search:
62238.6;397;430
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
This invention relates to refrigeration-type systems, one example of which is commercial entity air conditioning system, wherein air cooled, roof top mounted, equipment is used.
Refrigeration systems having an evaporating heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerants are evaporated to draw heat from another medium, such as air or water are well known in this art. A compressor normally serves to circulate the refrigerant and has a low pressure or suction side, which receives spent refrigerant from an evaporating heat exchanger, and a high pressure side which discharges hot compressed refrigerant vapor into a high pressure, high temperature line. The compressed refrigerant vapor is commonly received by an air cooled condensing heat exchanger transferring heat from the compressed refrigerant to another medium, such as air or water. The cooled and condensed refrigerant is then transferred through a high pressure liquid line to an expansion device, which discharges refrigerant through a narrow orifice into an evaporating heat exchanger, wherein expansion, evaporation and heat absorption takes place which produces the cooling effect.
Numerous patents have issued that disclose various locations of heat exchangers within a refrigeration system to improve performance in different ways, but none to my knowledge has as its object or as its result, that the system efficiency remains the same on extremely hot days (110.degree. F. to 130.degree. F.), as it is on moderate climate days. This system is unique in its neutralizing effect of high ambient operation.
Many prior art patents, such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,234, to Douglas C. Kann, issued Sep. 27, 1988, entitled "Power Saving Refrigeration System", and U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,726, to Edward J. Barron, issued Aug. 4, 1987, entitled "Refrigeration Apparatus", proffer to provide improved efficiency and economy of operation, by employing a spray type of heat exchanger, identified as a "sub-cooler", and located at various points in the refrigeration cycle other than directly between the compressor and the condenser, as in the "after-market supplemental precondenser" of the Applicant's invention, which does not employ a spray device of any type, and which does specifically position his principal functioning device between the compressor and the condenser, and which "in combination" with an air cooled condenser. FIG. 5 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,365,483, issued Dec. 28, 1982, to Larry W. Binger, for "Vertical Convention Heat Dissipation Tower", discloses a tower similar in construction to Applicant's tank 20; however, the purpose of his invention, its location in the system, and result achieved, are all entirely different from those of the Applicant. For example, Binger's purpose is to sub-cool, not condense; his location is downstream from the main condenser, so he cannot "precondense" the refrigerant vapor, which will have already been condensed when it arrives at the cooling tower.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,926,008, issued Dec. 16, 1975, to Robert C. Webber, for "Building Cooling and Pool Heating System", shows a system using two separate condensing methods and structures incorporated into an air conditioning system. Only one of these two condensing techniques can be used at a time, and isolation valves are required to separate the two.
The Jonsson U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,667, issued May 16, 1978, for "Heat Extraction or Reclamation Apparatus for Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Systems" shows a water cooled heat exchanger located upstream from the air cooled condenser designed for the purpose of removing heat from the superheated refrigerant gas to heat water. This patent states the concern of allowing an after market water cooled condenser to condense the refrigerant in excess that it would impose added work for the compressor to circulate the condensed liquid refrigerant through a larger path in the refrigerant circuit. There is no disclosure in this or any other known patent for a system specifically designed for, or functioning as a means for neutralizing the effects of extremely hot days, i.e., on the order of 90.degree.-130.degree. F., as is customary in the Southwestern part of the United States in the summer months, with roof mounted air cooled condensing equipment.
The Applicant's system may be used with many different refrigerants, typically R22 and R202, which have generally replaced R12, due to the latters harmful effects on the environment. Other non-harmful refrigerants may also be used in the instant invention.
Summary of the Invention
One of the principal reasons for this invention, was the need that was recognized by the Applicant, that arose from his observation of air conditioning systems functioning in the Southwestern part of the United States during the extremely hot summer months (known locally as "dog-days"). Systems that functioned very well under moderate weather conditions, would not provide the necessary cooling during days when the outside air temperature rose above 95 degrees Fahrenheit (95.degree. F.). Not only did the heat removal of the air conditioning system decrease, but the cost of operation increased, both as shown in FIG. 3, herein.
Prior objectives of installing a heat exchanger upstream from the air cooled condenser have been to recover waste heat and make this recovery usable to heat water. Prior art has not disclosed an accessory that whose objective was to neutralize the effect of high operating temperatures on air cooled condensing equipment. Unlike the heat exchanger or desuperheaters that do offer efficiency improvement when water flow is passing through the heat exchanger, when no flow is offered, no efficiency improvement is offered. No prior art has cited an accessory that has the objectives of this supplemental precondenser accessory.
However, with the addition of the supplemental precondenser as an accessory to the existing air conditioning system, both the heat removal (a measure of coolness and comfort) and the consumption (a measure of cost), returned to an acceptable range of performance, also as indicated in FIG. 3. The total "efficiency" reflects both of these features.
The combined efficiency decrease of air cooled condensing refrigeration systems showed an approximately 10% combined efficiency loss for each 10.degree. F. rise in operating ambient conditions above 90.degree. F. It has been identified that the operating conditions of equipment located on rooftops of buildings located in the Southwestern portions of the United States exceed 130.degree. F. At these 130'F ambient temperatures, the combined efficiency decrease (capacity decrease plus power requirement increase) exceeded 50%. Therefore, the principal objective of this invention is to neutralize the effects of high operating temperatures on air cooled refrigeration equipment operating in these extreme high temperature conditions.
Description of the Drawing
FIG. 1 is a generalized schematic diagram of refrigeration systems of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, wherein the system has been converted into the instant invention, by the addition of the Applicant's precondenser on line between the output of the compressor and the inlet of the condenser;
FIG. 3 is a set of charts showing a comparison of certified test results showing a comparison of the operation of a conventional air conditioning system (FIG. 3A), and the system of this invention (FIG. 3B), when the outside air temperature rises from 95 to 130 degrees Fahrenheit; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the construction of one embodiment of the supplemental pre-condenser, partly in cut-away section, used in this improved system.
Description of the Prior Art
Referring now to FIG. 1, it will be seen that conventional refrigeration systems (air conditioning in particular), identified at 10, includes a compressor 11 that delivers hot compressed refrigerant vapor HRV to output line 12, which delivers such vapor to condenser 13, wherein the vapor is exposed to a cooling air flow A1, and therein condenses to its liquid state (one from being R-22). The now liquid refrigerant LR at reduced temperature flows through line 14 to metering device 15, which converts the liquid to a vapor again, inside evaporator 16, which absorbs heat in the process from inside the house air flow A2. From the evaporator 16, the now heated refrigerant vapor RV travels through line 17 to the input side of the compressor, wherein it is compressed (which also heats the vapor), and re-enters the refrigeration cycle via line 12 as high pressure hot refrigerant vapor HRV.
Turning now to FIG. 2, it will be seen that the schematic diagram of the improved system 30 of this invention, utilizes the same basic system as that shown in FIG. 1, with the exception of the addition of the supplemental precondenser accessory unit 20, which comprises a cylinder shell tank 21 into which hot refrigerant vapor HRV line 12 enters, and from which refrigerant vapor line 19 containing precondensed refrigerant vapor exits from the tank 101 on its way to condenser 13. This supplemental precondenser accessory unit 100 is also identified by its Trademark "COOLER PAK", and it is adapted to be inserted into existing refrigeration type systems as an "after-market" replacement unit, by inserting into an existing system, as in FIG. 1, for example, between the hot gas refrigerant line 12, and the line (now 19) which replaces line 12 that formerly entered the system condenser 13.
Outside air A1 passes over the condenser coils (not shown) within condenser 13, and picks up heat from the refrigerant vapor before the vapor proceeds via line 14 on to the refrigerant metering device 15 and thence to evaporator 16. Inside air A2 to be cooled in this system, passes over the evaporator coils (not shown), and is cooled. The now evaporated refrigerant vapor is also cooled in this unit, prior to proceeding on through line 17 back to the input side of compressor 11, for compression, and then further recycling in a fully functional, and now efficiently operating system, notwithstanding the increase in the outside air temperature. Condensing percentage performed by unit 100 is controlled by regulated water or coolant flow from 0 to 100%. Percentage of condensing is defined as that portion of the total heat removed by unit 100 in relation to that portion of heat removed by the main air cooled condenser.
Prior to entering the tank 101, the coolant water line 31 must enter and be monitored by compressor discharge pressure operated water valve 108 of unit 100 to maintain the desired coolant volume, and hence affect the flow and temperature of the coolant water circulating through the unit 100. As the outside air ambient temperature rises the pressure in the inlet vapor line 12 will increase, thereby opening the pressure operated water valve 108, to increase the flow of coolant water through the "Cooler-Pak" unit 100 when the ambient temperature increases. This water valve 108 corresponds to valve marketed by Penn-Johnson as their series V-46, or its equivalent.
FIG. 3A shows the effect of an increase in outside temperature from 90.degree. F. to 130.degree. F. on the utility consumption or cost, and this is shown as "Watts" on this chart. It will be observed that the increase watts is in direct proportion to the increase in outside air temperature the conventional (non-modified) cooling system that was the subject of this certified test, which is incorporated into this specification prior to the claims herein. It will also be seen that the capacity for heat removal, shown here as "Btuh", decreases in direct proportion to the rise in outside ambient temperature.
FIG. 3B shows the effect of the increase in outside temperature over the same range on the utility cost when using the Supplemental Precondensing Accessory System (Cooler-Pak) of this invention. Totally contrary to expected results, the heat removal ("Btuh"), actually increased as the ambient temperature increased, and the cost ("Watts") actually decreased. Charts 3A and 3B are taken directly from the Certified Test Results shown in the accompanying Report No. 516307 of the ETL Testing Laboratories, Inc., of Cortland, N.Y., on the "Cooler-Pak" Supplemental Condenser (unit 100 in FIG. 4), published Apr. 8, 1992.
A preferred embodiment of this supplemental precondenser accessory unit 100, shown in FIG. 4, comprises a cylindrical outer shell 101 of stainless steel material, with a completely hermetically sealed top and bottom covers 122 and 123 respectively. Bottom cover 123 forms a complete seal with shell 101, with no openings; whereas, top cover 122 includes four openings, allsealed by compression or equivalent fittings 12a and 19a for refrigerant in and out lines 12 and 19, and two more, 31a and 32a for water coolant in and out lines 31 and 32. Standard drain plug 24 is located at the lower side of shell 101. Pressure operated water valve 108 intercepts coolant water line 31 near its entrance into tank 101 for the purposes hereinbefore described.
In order to obtain an optimum capacity for heat transfer, the refrigerant line passing into tank 101 does so as a single line 12, but within the tank, line 12 is split at Y-fitting 33 into two similar coils 34 and 35, one within the other, and each coil travels a very substantial distance within the tank 101, by being in the configuration of two closely spaced coils that travel in effect "parallel paths" from the entrance Y-fitting 33 to the exit Y-fitting 36, before exhausting into the centrally located refrigerant reservoir 110, usually as a mixture of vapor, which accumulates in vapor reservoir 104, and as condensate, which accumulates in the liquid refrigerant reservoir 109. The water coolant line 31 enters the tank 101 at inlet fitting 31a, and goes nearly to the bottom of the tank, whereas heated water in line 32 leaves tank 101 from its fitting 32a and then exits through top cover 122. Although this water supply is referred to as a "coolant", that designation holds good only for the incoming water supply, since the water flow will pick up heat in travelling through the very long circuituous path through tank 101.
The employment of a "coil within a coil" as seen within the tank 101 contributes to the tremendous volume of heating that can be accomplished by the structure of the relatively small size tank 101. Also the inclusion of a "tank within a tank" for the accumulation of both liquid and vapor refrigerant is also a substantial contributing factor to the overall operation of this invention.
Even though the heating of the coolant water may be substantial, its use for supplemental heating is secondary to the principal purpose of this system, which is to increase the heat removal from the conditioned air or refrigerated medium, and to lower the utility cost of the refrigeration activities during the months when the outside temperature exceeds 90.degree. F. The combination of these two benefits determines the overall or total efficiency of the system employing a "Cooler-Pak" accessory.
The Cooler-Pak system condensing capacity is directly controlled by coolant flow. 0 to 100% coolant flow is controlled by a pressure operated water valve, such as the referenced Penn Johnson Series V-46 water valve. The head pressure in line 12 increases as ambient temperature increases. This pressure sensitive water valve reacts to increased pressure by inducing additional coolant into the tank 101 of unit 100. The pressures are reduced at the discharge of the compressor reacting to the coolant flow. As pressures are reduced the coolant flow is also reduced by the pressure controlled water valve.
The foregoing description and disclosure are representative of the concept of this invention, which may be practiced in many ways without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention as reflected in the appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A refrigeration system including a compressor, a primary condenser, and an evaporator, comprising in combination therewith: a. means in operative relation with said primary condenser for causing both the efficiency trend of said system to increase, and the power demand trend of said system to decrease, as the ambient temperature increases above about ninety degrees Fahrenheit, and b. wherein said means comprises a supplemental precondensing system having a first tank and a second tank adjacent thereto and sealed therefrom, c. said second tank being a reservoir for containing varying levels of vapor and liquid refrigerant, d. an incoming and exiting coolant line to said first tank, e. means for receiving incoming hot refrigerant gas from said compressor, and for exiting cooler refrigerant gas and accumulated vapor condensate into said second tank, and f. concentric line coils surrounding said second tank, and ultimately delivering said refrigerant into said second tank, g. an exit line from said second tank to deliver partially cooled and precondensed refrigerant to said primary condenser, wherein h. said precondensed refrigerant at this point being either a vapor, a condensate, or both, when entering said primary condenser, i. and wherein the operating characteristics of said system are such as to neutralize the detrimental effect of said ambient temperature increases.
2. A supplemental precondensing system as in claim 1, wherein said operating efficiency trend is sufficient to neutralize the detrimental effect of said ambient temperature increase.
3. A supplemental precondensing system as in claim 1, wherein said power demand trend is sufficient to neutralize the detrimental effect of said ambient temperature increase.
4. A refrigeration system as in claim 1, wherein said primary condenser is air cooled, and said precondensing system is liquid cooled.
5. A refrigeration system including a compressor, a primary condenser, and an evaporator, comprising in combination therewith: a. means in operative relation with said primary condenser for causing both the efficiency trend of said system to increase, and the power demand trend of said system to decrease, as the ambient temperature increases above about ninety degrees Fahrenheit, and b. wherein said means comprises a supplemental condensing system with a first and second container adjacent and sealed therefrom, c. said second container being a reservoir for containing varying levels of vapor and liquid refrigerant and for supplying additional refrigerant to said refrigeration system as needed, d. an incoming and exiting coolant line to said first container, e. means for receiving incoming hot refrigerant gas from said compressor, and for exiting cooler refrigerant gas and accumulated vapor condensate into said second container, and f. at least one line coil surrounding said second container ultimately delivering said refrigerant into said reservoir container, g. an exit line from said reservoir container to deliver partially cooled and condensed refrigerant to said primary condenser, and wherein, h. said condensed refrigerant at this point being either a vapor, a condensate, or both, when entering said primary condenser, i. wherein said supplemental condenser and system counteracts the detrimental effect that high ambient temperature increases above about ninety degrees Fahrenheit would have on this refrigeration system without the supplemental condensing system.
6. A method for neutralizing the detrimental effect of ambient temperature increase in a refrigeration system employing an air cooled primary condenser, comprising in combination, the steps of: a. inserting a liquid cooled precondensing system in operative relation with said primary air cooled condenser, b. directing liquid coolant into a coolant container, c. directing hot refrigerant from the refrigeration system compressor through the coolant and into a refrigerant reservoir, d. directing the now cooled refrigerant ultimately from the refrigerant reservoir back to the inlet side of the compressor for recycling through the refrigeration system.
7. A method as in claim 6, wherein passage of said refrigerant through said coolant is capable of providing a vapor condensate value of said refrigerant from zero to 100%.
8. A method as in claim 6, wherein the refrigerant in the reservoir is adapted to increase or decrease as the ambient temperature changes.
9. A method for counteracting the detrimental effect of ambient temperature increase in a refrigeration system employing an air cooled primary condenser, comprising in combination the steps of: a. inserting a liquid cooled condensing system in operative relation with said primary air cooled condenser, b. directing liquid coolant into a coolant container, c. directing hot refrigerant from the refrigeration system compressor thru the coolant and into a refrigerant reservoir, d. directing the now cooled refrigerant and additional refrigerant as needed from the refrigerant reservoir and ultimately back to the inlet side of the compressor for recycling thru the refrigeration system, and e. wherein the operating efficiency and power demand trends of the system are sufficient to counteract the detrimental effect of the ambient temperature increase.
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