US 5,260,811 AGrant
Image Scanning Apparatus Having Motor Operating Under Improved Drive Control
Issue Date:1993-11-09
•5 Claims
•16 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An image scanning apparatus according to the present invention is directed to a copying apparatus capable of copying an original on a record sheet and includes a platen on which the original is placed, an image forming device for reproducing an image of the original on a record medium, a scanning device for scanning the original placed on the platen, a projecting device for introducing the image of the original scanned by the scanning device into the image forming device, a driving device for driving the scanning device to move in first and second directions in order to scan the original, a signal generating device for generating a signal corresponding to moving speed of the scanning device, a detecting device for detecting the moving speed of the scanning device based on the generated signal, a determining device for determining based on the generated signal whether the scanning device is under deceleration or not, and a control device for stopping the driving operation of the driving device when the scanning device changes from decelerating operation to accelerating operation or when a detection is made that the detected moving speed becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined speed.
Metadata
Assignee
- Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
Inventor
- Takeshi Morikawa
Application Information
Application Number:US 5691834
Filing Date:1990-08-17
Priority Date:1989-08-18
Art Unit:262
Classifications
IPC:
H04N 100
Field of Search:
358355318400;401;410;411;412;413;419;420;421;422;423;474;475;477;480;486;489;493;494 ;497233;235;202571
Patent Drawings (16 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to image scanning apparatuses utilized for copying apparatuses or image readers and, more particularly, to an image scanning apparatus for scanning an original by forward movement of a scanning system reciprocated by a motor, thereby to expose an image of the original or read the image.
2. Description of the Background Art
Recently, more miniaturized and less expensive copying apparatuses and image readers are in demand as operation speed thereof is increasingly enhanced. Accordingly, in order to scan an image at a predetermined speed, it is desirable to reduce distance and elapsed time which are required for a scanning system to attain a predetermined scanning speed and to stop after terminating the scanning. It is also desirable to reduce a time period required for the scanning system to return to a home position after stopping the operation. Thus, a drive motor of the scanning system is required to transfer from an abrupt acceleration control to a constant speed control and from an abrupt deceleration control utilizing regenerative breaking applied by a counter-electromotive voltage and forcible breaking applied by a reverse drive through a stopped state to an abrupt reverse acceleration control.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a detailed structure of an encoder attached to an axis of the motor for driving the scanning system. Referring to FIG. 13, a plurality of openings 74 are formed with a predetermined spacing in a circumferential direction on a disc-shaped encoder 33 fixed onto a rotary axis 30a. A light emitting element 70 and a light receiving element 72 are provided at a position corresponding to one of openings 74 with encoder 33 interposed therebetween. In this structure, one pulse is generated every time one of openings 74 passes in front of light emitting element 70 in accordance with the rotation of the motor.
The applicant of this application has already proposed an image scanning apparatus structured such that a predetermined rotation state of the motor is determined based on whether or not encoder pulses generated dependently on the rotation speed of the motor become a predetermined state, thereby to accomplish the above predetermined controls.
However, every time the motor stops, angular positions where the openings of the encoder stop shift little by little in practice. This sometimes results in such a case that one of the openings of the encoder stops overlapping a little with a detection position between light emitting element 70 and light receiving element 72 for detecting the shift in angular position. In this case, the width of an encoder pulse generated at an initial time of a stand-by state where the motor is driven again, that is, an initial time of the abrupt acceleration control becomes smaller corresponding to the overlapping of the opening of the encoder with the detection position (see l1 of FIG. 14). The conventional scanning apparatus determines that this pulse width results from high speed rotation of the motor. The pulse width determines whether or not the control is changed to the constant speed control. Therefore, the control may be changed to the constant speed control even though the motor does not yet attain a predetermined rotation speed.
Further, in order to change the abrupt deceleration control following the constant speed control to the abrupt reverse acceleration control through the stopped state, such a positive attempt is sometimes made to propel the abrupt deceleration control to the utmost possible limit to a time point when the control is changed to the abrupt reverse acceleration control. When the control is changed to the abrupt reverse acceleration control through the stopped state of the motor by detection of a pulse width corresponding to a speed at which the motor very nearly stops, the motor is sometimes reversely rotated as an expansion of forcible breaking action with the pulse width still undetected, in accordance with a deceleration method employing the regenerative breaking applied by a counter-electromotive voltage and forcible breaking applied by a reverse drive. In this case, if a portion of an opening of the encoder overlaps a little with the detection position between light emitting element 70 and light receiving element 72 and then the motor is immediately reversely rotated or accelerated after the reverse rotation, the width of a pulse to be detected becomes smaller, resulting in a determination that the motor is in a high speed operation state. Thus, a control for increasing the forcible breaking action is carried out to enhance the deceleration of the motor, resulting in reckless driving of the motor.
Summary of the Invention
One object of the present invention is to enhance reliability in an image scanning apparatus.
Another object of the present invention is to adequately determine rotation of a motor of a scanning system in an image scanning apparatus.
A further object of the present invention is to appropriately control operation of a scanning system in an image scanning apparatus.
In order to accomplish the above objects, according to one aspect, an image scanning apparatus in accordance with the present invention is directed to a copying apparatus capable of copying an original on a record sheet and includes: a platen on which the original is placed; image forming means for reproducing an image of the original on a record medium; scanning means for scanning the original placed on the platen; projecting means for introducing the image of the original scanned by the scanning means into the image forming means; driving means for driving the scanning means to move in first and second directions to scan the original; signal generating means for generating a signal corresponding to a moving speed of the scanning means; detecting means for detecting the moving speed of the scanning means based on the generated signal; determining means for determining whether or not the scanning means is under decelerating operation based on the generated signal; and control means for stopping the driving operation of the driving means when the scanning means changes from the decelerating operation to an accelerating operation or when a detection is made that the detected moving speed becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined speed.
In order to accomplish the above objects, according to another aspect, an image scanning apparatus in accordance with the present invention is directed to a copying apparatus capable of copying an original on a record sheet and includes: a platen on which the original is placed; image forming means for reproducing an image of the original on a record medium; scanning means for scanning the original placed on the platen; projecting means for introducing the projected image of the original into the image forming means; driving means for driving the scanning means in acceleration mode for accelerating the scanning means up to a predetermined speed and in constant speed mode for maintaining the scanning means to operate at a predetermined speed; signal generating means for generating a signal corresponding to a moving speed of the scanning means; first detecting means for detecting the moving speed of the scanning means based on the generated signal; second detecting means for detecting whether the scanning means is under accelerating operation or decelerating operation based on the generated signal; and control means for changing the mode of the driving means from the acceleration mode to the constant speed mode when a detection is made that the scanning means is under accelerating operation and that the detected moving speed becomes higher than a predetermined speed.
The image scanning apparatus thus structured controls the driving operation of the driving means based on a variation in moving speed and acceleration and deceleration state of the scanning means and hence enables an adequate drive control.
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a copying apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an image forming portion in an optical moving type copying apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a driving circuit of a drive motor of a scanning optical system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a control circuit for controlling a driving circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a scanning line diagram of a first moving board for scanning, a time chart of a home switch corresponding thereto, and a line diagram showing a variation in count value of an encoder pulse, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 6A-6G are line diagrams showing an encoder pulse and an electrical conduction signal responsive thereto at various control time points in reciprocating operation of the first moving board, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7A is a diagram showing one example of generation of an encoder pulse according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7B is a diagram showing another example of generation of an encoder pulse;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the difference in acceleration between a case where a motor is rendered electrically conductive and a case where the motor is rendered electrically nonconductive in reciprocating operation of the first moving board, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a line diagram for explaining a method of setting duty in one period of a pulse for rendering a PWM motor electrically conductive, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are flow charts showing a main routine of a control to be carried out by a microcomputer for controlling a scanning system, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C are flow charts showing a subroutine of an external interruption INT-E according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing a subroutine of an internal interruption INT-F according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a detailed structure of an encoder attached to an axis of a motor for driving a scanning system; and
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing one example of an encoder pulse generated when the motor is driven to perform a normal rotation to a reverse rotation.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a copying apparatus and of a recirculatory document handler (RDH) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the copying apparatus comprises an optical system 101 in upper part, an image forming portion 102 in middle part, a paper re-feeding unit 103 in lower part, a paper feeding unit 104 in bottom part and a recirculatory document handler 400 set on a platen 316.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of an image forming portion in the copying apparatus. A scanning optical system 3 is provided between a platen glass 1 and a photoreceptor drum 2 under the platen glass. Scanning optical system 3 comprises an exposure lamp 5 and a first mirror 6 held on a first moving board 3 serving as a scanner, second and third mirrors 9 and 10 held on a second moving board 8, and a projection lens 11 and a fourth mirror 12.
A pair of drive wires 21 are provided at opposite ends of a portion where the first and second moving boards 4 and 8 move. Each drive wire 21 extends over between pulleys 22 and 23 of the same diameter provided distantly from each other on the left and the right. A portion 21a of drive wire 21 on the pulley 22 side extends around the lower side of pulley 22 and then around a pulley 24 provided at an external surface of an end plate of second moving board 8, and is then wound back around pulley 24, with an end 21c thereof fastened on a fixing member 25. A portion 21d of drive wire 21 on the pulley 23 side extends around the lower part of pulley 23 and then around pulley 24 on second moving board 8, and is wound back around the pulley, with an end 21e thereof fastened on a fixing member 26 through a tension spring 27.
Portion 21a of each drive wire 21 on the pulley 22 side is mounted on a fastening portion 28 of first moving board 4 at a part between pulleys 22 and 24. A DC motor 30 is connected to an axis 29 of rotation of pulley 23 through a reduction gear 31 and a timing belt 32. An encoder 33 is connected to an axis 30a of rotation of motor 30 to generate pulses having width corresponding to the rotation of motor 30.
When motor 30 operates in the direction of an arrow a, wire 21 is driven in the direction of an arrow b. At this time, first moving board 4 directly fastened to wire 21 moves in the direction of an arrow c at a speed of 1/n (n: copying magnification) which is the same speed as wire 21. Images of the originals on platen glass 1 are scanned in a range corresponding to copying size and copying magnification and then sequentially exposed in a slit manner on photoreceptor drum 2 by first to fourth mirrors 6, 9, 10 and 12 and projection lens 11. Second moving board 8 is moved at a speed of 1/2n in the direction of arrow c through pulley 24 by the movement of portion 21d of wire 21 on the pulley 23 side becoming longer by a length corresponding to portion 21a on the side of pulley 22 side becoming shorter when wire 21 is driven in the direction of arrow b. Thus, an optical path length of scanning optical system 3 under scanning is kept constant.
Around photoreceptor drum 2 are provided an eraser lamp, a corona charger, a developing device, a transfer charger and a cleaning device (None of them shown). When subjected to the exposure, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a surface of photoreceptor drum 2 which is uniformly charged by the corona charger.
This electrostatic latent image is developed by the developing device to become a toner image and then transferred by the transfer charger onto a transfer member which is to be transmitted in synchronization with the toner image.
From the surface of photoreceptor drum 2 after the transfer, a residual toner is removed by the cleaning device and then a residual charge is removed by the eraser lamp.
Alteration of copying magnification is carried out by, for example, moving projection lens 11 or the like along an optical axis to adjust an optical path length.
Motor 30 is reversely rotated at the time point when the scanning is terminated. This causes wire 21 to be driven in a direction opposite from the direction of arrow b and causes first and second moving boards 4 and 8 to move in a direction opposite from the direction of arrow c to return to a home position.
For controlling the operation of scanning optical system 3, motor 30 is driven by a driving circuit shown in FIG. 3 and controlled by a controlling circuit shown also in FIG. 3. In addition, a switch 34 for detecting whether scanning optical system 3 is at home position for this control is provided along a moving path of first moving board 4. Switch 34 is pressed to operate when first moving board 4 is at home position.
The driving circuit of FIG. 3 will now be described. A DC power source E is connected to motor 30 through four switching transistors Tr1-Tr4 bridge-connected. Transistors Tr1 and Tr3 turn on when a base voltage is at a low level, while transistors Tr2 and Tr4 turn on when the base voltage is at a high level. According to combinations of ON and OFF states of these transistors, motor 30 is appropriately rotated regularly or reversely, or alternatively stopped.
Diodes D1-D4 are connected in parallel to transistors Tr1-Tr4, respectively, thereby to form a by-pass required when a counter electromotive-voltage is produced.
An input terminal 35a to which a signal of the high level as a normal rotation signal or a signal of the low level as a reverse rotation signal is provided is connected to an input of an AND gate AND1 and to a base of transistor Tr1 and also connected through an inverter 1 to an input of an AND gate AND2 and to a base of transistor Tr3.
Another input terminal 35b to which a signal of the high level as a turn-on signal caused by a pulse d for rendering the motor electrically conductive, or alternatively a signal of the low level as a turn-off signal is provided is connected to the inputs of the respective AND gates AND1 and AND2. An output of AND gate AND1 is connected to a base of transistor Tr2, while an output of AND gate AND2 is connected to a base of transistor Tr4.
Table 1 shows the ON and OFF state of each of transistors Tr1-Tr4 according to the combination of input signals to be applied to each of input terminals 35a and 35b, the ON and OFF state of motor 30 depending on the ON and OFF state of the transistors and the normal/reverse rotation in the ON state of motor 30.
A description will now be given on a control circuit of FIG. 4. This circuit includes a one-chip microcomputer 41 which is dedicated to control of scanning optical system 3. This one-chip microcomputer 41 is controlled by a microcomputer 53 (hereinafter referred to as a master CPU) for controlling other numerous operations of the copying apparatus. Master CPU 53 is provided with various scanning instructions through an operation panel 54.
Microcomputer 41 comprises a CPU 42, an ROM 43, an RAM 44, an input port 45, an output port 46, a PWM output port 47, a register 48, a timer unit 49, and an oscillation circuit 50 for generating an internal system clock f.sub.CLK. Timer unit 49 comprises a counter XF for counting an encoder pulse e as position information of first moving board 4 and a frequency demultiplier circuit FDC for four-demultiplying an input of encoder pulse e to generate an interruption during returning of first moving board and for causing counter XF to count four by four every time the interruption is generated. Accordingly, even if the motor becomes electrically conductive with full power to rotate at a high speed during return operation, counter XF does not have to count until an edge of encoder pulse e is detected four times, thereby enabling a control processing during that time period. An output FG from an encoder 33 is converted to a rectangular wave in a waveform shaping circuit 150 and then provided to microcomputer 41 as encoder pulse e.
Input port 45 is supplied with a photographing magnification signal MAG, a signal SCAN for requesting the start of scanning and a signal HOME for indicating whether or not scanning optical system 3 is at home position from master CPU 53. Signal MAG indicates copying magnification to be selected through operation panel 54 in the copying apparatus. Scanning speed is set in microcomputer 41 in correspondence with signal MAG. Signal SCAN is normally at the low level, while it attains the high level when requesting the start of scanning. Signal HOME attains the high level only when scanning optical system 3 is at home position, while it attains the low level in the other cases.
Output port 46 provides a normal/reverse rotation signal f of motor 30, which is then supplied to input terminal 35a of driving circuit 51 of FIG. 3. PWM output port 47 provides a PWM motor electrically conducting pulse d for constant speed scanning control, the frequency of which is obtained by 256-demultiplying system clock f.sub.CLK oscillated by oscillation circuit 50 or a PWM motor electrically conducting pulse d, duty of which pulse is set to 100% for performing an acceleration scanning control before the constant speed scanning control of scanning system 3, a deceleration scanning control after the constant speed scanning control, an acceleration return control and a deceleration return control thereafter. The pulse d is outputted from output port 46 as a pulse which is controlled for an OFF time period by an interruption carried out by a timer setting based on each of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e (FIG. 5). This outputted pulse d is supplied to input terminal 35b of driving circuit 51 of FIG. 3. These inputs enable controlling of motor 30.
This control includes, as shown in FIG. 5 in detail, a control in an acceleration scanning A state before scanning optical system 3 reaches a target speed V from a speed 0, a control in a constant speed scanning B state where scanning optical system 3 scans a predetermined range at a constant speed with target speed V attained, a control in a deceleration scanning C state where motor 30 is once decelerated down to speed 0 in order to make scanning optical system 3 move backward when the constant speed scanning is terminated, a control in an acceleration return D1 state where motor 30 is subsequently reversely rotated with acceleration to acceleratedly move scanning optical system 3 backward, a control in a constant speed return D2 state where scanning optical system 3 is returned at a constant speed V1 when scanning optical system 3 backward reaches the target speed V1, and a control in a state of first and second deceleration returns E1 and E2 where motor 30 is decelerated down to speed 0 and then stopped by application of a break in order to make scanning optical system 3 in the constant speed return D2 state stop at home position.
In the control of acceleration scanning A, input terminal 35a is provided with a signal of the high level. Input terminal 35b is provided with pulse d which is obtained by timer-setting a definite OFF time t.sub.OFF from each of ON and OFF edges of the encoder pulse to be generated in accordance with the rotation of motor 30 and setting an ON time t.sub.ON as a time period to each of ON and OFF edges of the next encoder pulse (FIG. 6A).
This electrical conduction pulse d is obtained by an internal interruption INT-F which is timer-set from an interruption INT-E by each of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e. The rotation of motor 30 is slow and the spacing of encoder pulse e is large in the initial period of acceleration scanning A. Motor 30 is highly accelerated by a storing electrically conductive torque because ON time t.sub.ON of motor 30 is sufficiently long compared to OFF time t.sub.OFF. As the speed becomes close to the target speed V for constant speed scanning B, the spacing of encoder pulse e becomes smaller and the ratio of ON time t.sub.ON to OFF time t.sub.OFF becomes decreased, whereby the acceleration for driving motor 30 becomes gradually reduced.
When the speed reaches an F point of FIG. 5 which is to be the target speed V, microcomputer 41 determines that the speed reaches the target speed V based on the spacing of encoder pulse e. This determination is made in AND condition where the width of the present pulse e is smaller than that of the previous pulse e, i.e., the acceleration is underway, and the width of pulse e is equal to or less than a predetermined width corresponding to the target speed V or more. Accordingly, even if there is a pulse having a small width which is sometimes generated depending on a position where encoder 33 has stopped during the initial acceleration of motor 30, no determination is made that the acceleration is underway, and hence an erroneous determination can be avoided that the width of the pulse becomes correspondent to a predetermined speed or more. In this manner, a correct determination is made as to whether the speed reaches the target speed V.
When it is determined that the speed reaches the target speed V, the control of motor 30 changes to the control of constant speed scanning B in response to the determination. In this control, motor 30 is controlled at a constant speed with the PWM pulse employed as the pulse d for rendering the motor electrically conductive; however, as will be described in detail later, an acceleration .alpha..sub.ON in the electrical conduction state and an acceleration .alpha..sub.OFF in the non-conduction state which are obtained when the speed reaches the target speed V are evaluated, and thereafter the duty of the pulse d for rendering the PWM motor electrically conductive is re-written for each encoder pulse, with those two accelerations .alpha..sub.ON and .alpha..sub.OFF employed as parameters (FIG. 8).
Timing for rewriting the duty is obtained only by the interruption INT-E due to each of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e (FIG. 6B). Accordingly, the internal interruption INT-F is prohibited during that time period. This results in attainment of constant speed scanning B, and when scanning optical system 3 reaches a position where effective scanning is terminated, deceleration scanning C is carried out. In this deceleration scanning C, input terminal 35a is changed to the low level since a damping force is applied to the motor, and a control of the OFF time is carried out by the pulse d similarly to the case of acceleration scanning A (FIG. 6C). In a state where input terminals 35a and 35b are both at the low level, only transistor Tr1 is turned on in FIG. 3. Since scanning optical system 3 is moving in the direction of scanning at this time, the axis 30a of motor 30 is rotated by this movement, and a counter electromotive voltage which is in the opposite direction to the arrow a is generated in a closed loop of motor 30, diode D3 and transistor Tr1, so as to apply a damping force to the rotation of motor 30 rotating in a scanning direction a. This is a so-called regenerative brake.
Meanwhile, in a state where input terminal 35a is at the low level and input terminal 35b is at the high level, transistors Tr1 and Tr4 are turned on, so that a current from DC power source E flows in the opposite direction to the arrow a, so as to apply a damping force to rotate motor 30 in a return direction. Such a case that motor 30 is driven in the opposite direction from the moving direction of scanning optical system 3 to apply a damping is so-called forcible braking.
At the initial stage of deceleration scanning C of FIG. 5, the spacing of encoder pulse e is shorter than the set OFF time, and hence only the regenerative brake acts. A damping force applied by this regenerative brake is comparatively weak, so that scanning optical system 3 becomes gradually decelerated. When the spacing of encoder pulse e becomes longer than the OFF time with deceleration enhanced, the forcible brake acts together with the regenerative brake, so that deceleration is carried out under strong damping.
When microcomputer 41 then determines that the width of encoder pulse e becomes larger than the width corresponding to the target speed V1, an acceleration return processing of D1 in FIG. 5 takes place. This determination by microcomputer 41 is made under AND condition of a case where the width of the present pulse e is larger than that of the previous pulse e (l.sub.2 >l.sub.1 in FIG. 7A), i.e., the deceleration is underway, and a case where a detection is made as to whether or not the width of pulse e becomes equal to or larger than the width corresponding to the speed obtained immediately before motor 30 stops (l.sub.2 >a predetermined length l), or alternatively, whether or not a short pulse is produced (see l.sub.3 of FIG. 7B) due to a position where encoder 33 is inverted 33 and acceleration after the inversion which results from inversion of motor 30. Therefore, motor 30 is turned off by a determination as to whether the deceleration control causes motor 30 to attain a predetermined decelerated speed immediately before the motor stops or causes motor 30 to be inverted. This makes it possible to adequately transfer to the next acceleration return D1 without reckless driving of motor 30 due to an erroneous determination caused by the short pulse.
Acceleration return D1 is kept being carried out until the speed reaches the target speed V1 by the control of the OFF time similarly in the case of acceleration scanning A. When microcomputer 41 determines that the speed reaches the target speed V1 similarly to the case of acceleration scanning A, the control is changed to a constant speed return D2 to be carried out under the same control as the constant speed scanning B (see FIGS. 6D and 6E).
Now, scanning optical system 3 is required to stop precisely at home position by those returns. In order to satisfy this requirement, a time point when a first deceleration return E1 starts is determined by evaluation of an actual position of scanning optical system 3.
This will now be described as follows. Counter XF in timer unit 49 keeps counting encoder pulse e from a time point when the home switch is turned off in response to the start of scanning. During the return from a time point I of FIG. 5 when the scanning is terminated, the position of first moving board 4 under the return is evaluated by subtraction of a count value x0f obtained so far. Timing at which first deceleration return E1 starts is determined according to the fact that the value reaches a count value x1f corresponding to a distance from home switch 34 to a predetermined position where braking starts (J of FIG. 5) which is in front of the home switch.
The subtraction at this time is carried out four by four every time each of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e is detected four times to generate the above-described external interruption, as described above.
When the count value becomes x1f, first deceleration return E1 is carried out by the regenerative braking under the control of the OFF time similarly to the initial state of deceleration scanning C. This count value x1f is corrected for each scan according to a moving distance (x2f with respect to count value of encoder pulse e) provided from when home switch 34 is turned on to when scanning optical system 3 stops, so that the count value x1f becomes x'1f upon return in the next scanning.
When scanning optical system 3 reaches home position (the count value of encoder pulse e is 0) by first deceleration return E1, a forcible brake is applied under control of the OFF time similarly to a state after the halfway of deceleration scanning C, so as to stop scanning optical system 3 and also count the above-described value x2f.
A detection of the stop of the scanning system for a transfer to the completion of return control and to the next acceleration scanning A is carried out similarly to the foregoing case of the transfer from deceleration scanning C to acceleration return D1.
A detailed description will be given on the above-described main controls. Timer unit 49 of microcomputer 41 counts a four-demultiplied system clock f.sub.CLK which is supplied from oscillation circuit 50 by a free-run counter FRC of the timer unit, as a reference clock, and generates an external interruption signal INT-E by detection of both of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e. Then, time unit 49 captures a value of free-run counter FRC obtained at a detection time point into a register 48, and determines the pulse width of encoder pulse e based on that count value to provide information of detecting speed of motor 30.
Assuming that the reduction ratio of reduction gear 31 is 1/N, the diameter of driving pulley 31a is D, and a scanning speed V.sub.P obtained in equal-scale magnification by motor 30 is regarded as the speed of timing belt 32, the relation between the number of revolutions R.sub.O and the speed V.sub.P of motor 30 is shown below. ##EQU1##
Assuming that the width of the encoder pulse (one period) in equal-scale magnification is TSI, and the number of encoder pulses per revolution of motor 30 is G (e.g., G=50), the following expression is given. ##EQU2##
Timer unit 49 then generates and outputs a high level active pulse corresponding to a value set in a PWM register PWMR included in the time unit at frequencies obtained by 256-demultiplying the system clock f.sub.CLK. The resolution of this PMW is 2.sup.12, and the duty of the pulse width PWMduty is expressed as below. ##EQU3##
Further, timer unit 49 causes a TMF register TMFR to count a value set in the register and then generates the above-described internal interruption signal INT-F.
A description will now be given on the constant speed scanning B control by PWM output port 47. When the difference between acceleration .alpha..sub.ON in case where motor 30 is rendered electrically conductive by the electrical conduction pulse d and acceleration .alpha..sub.OFF in case where the electrical conduction of the motor is interrupted with respect to the target speed V is .DELTA.V as shown in FIG. 7, the following equality is given:
where T.sub.P is one period of PWM motor electrical conduction pulse d, and Y is the ratio of the ON time to T.sub.P, in order to attain the target speed V during one period of the pulse d. Accordingly, Y is evaluated as follows. ##EQU4##
Next, such a case will now be considered that the external interruption INT-E of the encoder is generated at the time of K.sub.0 in FIG. 9. It is now assumed that speed error is .DELTA.V. In order to attain the target speed V before time K.sub.1 when the next external interruption INT-E of the encoder is generated, where one period of an encoder pulse corresponding to the target speed V is TSI, a time period from K.sub.0 to K.sub.1 approximates TSI/2, and the number N of the PWM motor electrical conduction pulses d during that time period is shown by the following equality. ##EQU5##
Therefore, a value obtained by N-dividing the speed error .DELTA.V provided in equality (4) may be corrected by controlling the duty of one PWM motor electrical conduction pulse d. ON ratio Y of the electrical conduction pulse d in this case is evaluated as below. ##EQU6##
With regard to speed error .DELTA.V, detection of speed is carried out by determining the width of encoder pulse e based on the count number of free-run counter FRC which is provided during the external interruptions INT-E. In case where a pulse width measured at time point K.sub.0 is TM.sub.ON, and a target pulse width is TSI, as shown in FIG. 9, the speed V provided when the pulse width is TSI is evaluated by R.sub.0 in equalities (1) and (1') and by G and V.sub.P as follows. ##EQU7## Similarly, when the speed error is .DELTA.V, speed V.sub.0 is evaluated in the following equality (8) where TM.sub.ON denotes the pulse width. ##EQU8## Accordingly, the speed error .DELTA.V is expressed as below. ##EQU9##
The ON ratio of the pulse d is evaluated from equality (6) as follows. ##EQU10## Where TM.sub.ON =TSI in a denominator of the second term on the right side in the above equality (10), ON ratio Y of the pulse d is evaluated from equality (10) as follows. ##EQU11##
The width of encoder pulse e is determined by a counting performed by free-run counter FRC in CPU 42. Since free-run counter FRC counts a four-demultiplied system clock F.sub.CLK as a reference clock, the following equality (12) is given where TM.sub.ON and TSI in the second term on the right side of equality (11) are represented by count values TM.sub.ON f and TSIf of free-run counter FRC, respectively. ##EQU12##
Therefore, a value PWMR.sub.0 to be set in PWM register PWMR is evaluated as below. ##EQU13##
When the first term=CBIAS and the coefficients in the second term=PRATE on the right side in equality (13), the following equality (14) is given.
A specific flow of the control according to this embodiment will now be described with reference to flow charts shown in FIGS. 10A to 12.
FIGS. 10A-10C show a main routine of control by microcomputer 41.
When a power source is turned on to reset microcomputer 41, an initialization is carried out in step #1. This initialization clears internal RAM44, PWM register PWMR and the like and turns an output state of PWM output port 47 off, to make signal d for rendering the motor electrical conductive attain "0". This state d=0 corresponds to a state where input terminal 35b of motor driving circuit of FIG. 3 is at the low level to turn motor 30 off, while d=1 corresponds to a state where the input terminal is at the high level to turn motor 30 on.
A determination is made as to whether or not home switch 34 is ON in step #2 after initialization. With home switch 34 turned on, scanning optical system 3 is at home position, i.e., at the scanning start position, and the processing proceeds to step #3. Microcomputer 42 waits for a scan requesting signal SCAN from the master CPU. When scan requesting signal SCAN is outputted, microcomputer 41 sets a signal Exp for lighting on an exposure lamp to 1 in step #4, so as to light lamp 5. The processing then proceeds to step #5. In step #5, magnification M based on a copying magnification signal MAG is inputted into a memory m. In addition, various parameters required for scanning of encoder pulse width TSIf or the like for controlling scanning speed corresponding to copying magnification are calculated to be stored in RAM 44.
This calculation of TSIf performs counting with a clock of free-run counter FRC used as a reference, and hence the following equality (15) is given. ##EQU14##
In step #5, the calculation of x.sub.0 f is also performed in which a scanning length and a distance from home switch 34 to a braking start time point are determined. The x.sub.0 f is obtained by the sum of paper size PSIZE, a length calculated from magnification M and a preliminary scanning amount xHE (a distance from the home switch in the OFF state to the end of an image). The amount a of movement of the encoder pulse from rising to falling and from falling to rising is evaluated from an equality (16) as below. ##EQU15## The scanning length x.sub.0 f converted to a pulse count value in magnification M is given by the following equality (17). ##EQU16## Where a distance from home switch 34 to the braking start time point is x.sub.1, a pulse count converted value x.sub.1 f in the distance of x.sub.1 is evaluated by an equality (18) as follows. ##EQU17## It is now assumed that PSIZE is the maximal size of fed paper in this embodiment. In step #5, a predetermined time T.sub.OFF1 is set as an OFF time T.sub.OFF in acceleration scanning to be inputted into a memory T.sub.OFF. This is employed in an interruption routine of INT-E.
In the next step #6, a normal/reverse rotation signal f is set to "1". The state f=1 corresponds to a state where input terminal 35a of driving circuit 51 of FIG. 3 is at the high level to perform normal rotation, while f=0 corresponds to a state where the input terminal is at the low level to perform reverse rotation.
In step #7, 4096 is set in PWM register PWMR. That is, the OFF time control utilizing PWM output port 47 is carried out with the duty of a pulse for rendering the PWM motor electrically conductive being set to 100%. Also, the output state of PWM output port 47 is turned on, i.e., to the d=1 state to start applying an electric current to motor 30.
In step #8, a flag FSCAN for determining whether or not scanning is underway in an interruption routine is set to 1. This corresponds to a state where the scanning is underway. Further, a control mode of acceleration scanning A is set as MODE.rarw.1. In the subsequent step #9, an external interruption INT-E by encoder pulse e is enabled.
In the next step #11, scanning optical system 3 becomes distant from home switch 34, so that home switch 34 is turned off under the control of acceleration scanning A in the initial scanning, and then the processing proceeds to step #12. In step #12, a count value xf of counter XF for measuring a scanning length is cleared to 0. This causes counter XF to count the amount by which scanning optical system 3 has moved since it actually started scanning in accordance with the clear state.
In the subsequent step #13, a determination as to whether scanning optical system 3 scans the calculated scanning length is made by whether or not the count value xf of counter XF reaches the value x.sub.0 f corresponding to a predetermined scanning length. When the scanning is terminated (xf=x.sub.0 f), the processing proceeds to step #14 to make exposure lamp lighting-on signal Exp attain "0", and to turn lamp 5 off. In the next step #15, a normal/reverse rotation signal f is changed to "0" so as to attain a braking state due to a reverse drive in a normal rotation state.
In the next step #16, a predetermined value T.sub.OFF2 for determining a braking force is set in a memory t.sub.OFF for controlling the OFF time, and also MODE is set to 2 in a control mode of deceleration scanning C.
A change from a deceleration scanning state to an acceleration return state is hereafter carried out in a subroutine of external interruption INT-E.
In step #17, a determination is made in the control mode of deceleration scanning C as to whether or not the motor stops or is inverted, that is, whether or not MODE=3 is attained in the interruption routine, and microcomputer 42 waits for attainment of MODE=3. When MODE=3 is attained in step #17, the processing proceeds to step #18. This is a subroutine in which various parameters required for return control are calculated to be set in RAM 44. For example, such values are calculated as an encoder pulse count value xmf corresponding to a position of first moving board 4 under return for providing the timing at which exposure lamp 5 lights on again in multi-copying corresponding to copying magnification M, an encoder pulse count value x.sub.1 f corresponding to a position where a first deceleration return E.sub.1 starts, and TSIF for controlling return speed.
Where a time period for which the amount of light becomes a predetermined value after lighting on of exposure lamp 5 is T.sub.E and magnification M in return is MRET, encoder pulse count value xmf is given by the following equality (19). ##EQU18##
Although x.sub.1 f is set as an initial value to a value corresponding to a load of scanning optical system 3, the value x.sub.1 f is corrected by the amount of movement of first moving board 4 (hereinafter referred to as the amount of over return) after home switch 34 is turned on in return. Where a target value of the initial amount over return is Ix.sub.2 f, a timing x'.sub.l f at which the next first deceleration return control starts is evaluated from an over return amount x.sub.2 f which is attained one scanning cycle before, as shown in the following equality (20).
If the timing to start the first deceleration return control is corrected during multi-copying according to the above equality (20), the constant amount of over return is obtained.
TSIf is calculated similarly to the case of step #5, and data T.sub.OFF for controlling the OFF time in the acceleration return control is set.
In the next step #19, the same processing as in step #7 is carried out. Then, the above-described flag FSCAN is reset to 0 (under return), and also the control mode is set to MODE=1.
In step #21, a determination is made as to whether or not xf.ltoreq.xmf, that is, whether first moving board returns to the position for the timing at which exposure lamp 5 lights on again in multi-copying. If xf.ltoreq.XMF is satisfied, the processing proceeds to the next step #22. If scan signal SCAN is "1", that is, in the case of multi-copying, exposure lamp lighting-on signal Exp is set to 1 in step #23. If scan signal SCAN is not 1, the processing proceeds to step #24.
In step #24, a determination is made as to whether or not xf.ltoreq.x.sub.1 f, that is, whether or not first moving board 4 returns to the position for the timing at which the first deceleration return starts. If xf.ltoreq.x.sub.1 f is satisfied, normal/reverse rotation signal f is set to 1 in step #25, and in step #26, an extremely long time period T.sub.OFF3 (T.sub.OFF3 >>T.sub.STOP) is inputted in memory t.sub.OFF as OFF time control data T.sub.OFF in the control of first deceleration return E.sub.1. In the subsequent step #27, the control mode is set to MODE=2.
In the subsequent step #31, a determination is made as to whether first moving board 4 returns to home position. If the first moving board returns to the home position, encoder pulse counter XF is cleared to 0 to make a preparation for evaluating x.sub.2 f in an interruption routine in step #32. In step #33, T.sub.OFF4 is set in memory t.sub.OFF as OFF time control data T.sub.OFF in the control of second deceleration return E.sub.2, so as to obtain a forcible braking state.
In step #34, microcomputer 41 waits for MODE=3 similarly to the case of step #17. When MODE=3, the processing proceeds to step #35 to prohibit the external interruption of INT-E and, in step #36, encoder pulse count value xf is stored in a memory X as x.sub.2 f to terminate one-time forward and backward operation. Returning to step #3 again, the same processing as described above is repeated.
When home switch 34 is OFF in step #2, i.e., HOME=0, the processing proceeds to step #41 to set magnification M to a predetermined low speed return magnification. Also, the calculation of TSIF corresponding to magnification M and the setting of OFF time control data T.sub.OFF are carried out similarly to the case of step #18. Calculation of xmf and x.sub.1 f, however, is not carried out now . Normal/reverse rotation signal f is changed to 0 in step #42. The same processing as in step #7 is carried out in step #43, and the same processings as those in steps #20 and #9 are carried out in steps #44 and #45 When home switch 34 is turned on in the next step #51, i.e., HOME=1, the processings in steps #52-56 are carried out. Then, the processing proceeds to step #3 to perform the same processings as described above.
A description will now be given on the subroutine of the external interruption INT-E by encoder pulse d shown in FIGS. 11A-11C. This routine is generated at both of ON and OFF edges of encoder pulse e. The external interruption INT-E is generated only when an interruption permission "INT-E enabled" is set, and it is not generated when an interruption prohibition "INT-E unenabled" is set.
With the interruption INT-E generated, the pulse width stored in memory Tc is first stored in memory Ts in step #60, and thereafter the width Ti of previous pulse is stored in memory Tc in step #61. Then, contents Ta of free-run counter FRC to be a present time signal is stored in a memory ta at a predetermined position in RAM 44. In step #63, a value Ti obtained by subtracting a previous encoder interruption time Tb from the contents Ta of memory ta (Ta-Tb=Ti) is stored in a pulse width measuring memory ti.
In the subsequent step #64, the contents Ta is stored in a memory tb for measuring a pulse width in the next interruption.
A determination is then made on mode in step #70. If the mode is a constant speed control mode (MODE=0), the processing proceeds to step #71. If the mode is an acceleration control mode (MODE 1), the processing proceeds from step #79 to #80. If the mode is a deceleration control mode (MODE 2), the processing proceeds to step #90. When MODE=0, calculation of a PWM register set value in constant speed control is carried out according to the above equality (14), so as to set the calculated value in PWM register PWMR in step #71. In the next step #72, a determination is made as to whether or not home switch 34 is turned on. Unless first moving board 4 is at the home position, a determination is made as to whether or not FSCAN=1 in step #73.
If the scanning is underway, the count value xf of pulse counter xf is incremented in step #76. If the return is underway, the count value xf is decremented in step #75. The processing returns from the interruption routine to the main routine in step #77. If first moving board 4, is at the home position in step #72, the processing proceeds to step #74. If the mode is MODE=2, i.e., deceleration mode, the processing in step #76 is carried out, and unless otherwise, the processing makes a return.
When MODE=1 in step #79, a determination is made in step #81 as to whether or not the width Ti of encoder pulse e is Ti.ltoreq.TSIF, that is, whether or not the measured width Ti is equal to or smaller than a pulse width to be a target, on condition that such acceleration state takes place where the value stored in memory Tc is lower than that stored in memory Ts, that is, the pulse width is decreased. If Ti.ltoreq.TSIF, "INT-F unenabled" prohibiting an interruption INT-F caused by an internal timer is set in step #82, and in step #83, the mode is changed to the constant speed control mode with MODE=0, then transferring to and after step #72.
Unless Ti.ltoreq.TSIf in step #81, the processing transfers to step #84 so as to set 4096 in PWM register PWMR and set the duty of the pulse d for rendering the PWM motor electrically conductive to 100%, and then turns an output of PWM output port 47 off. Then, a timer value T.sub.OFF provided before the preparation for OFF time control starts is set in a timer F register TMFR of timer unit 49. The interruption INT-F of the internal timer is then enabled in the next step #86, and the processing proceeds to steps #72. Thereafter, the same processings as those in the above case are carried out.
Unless MODE=1 in step #79, MODE=2 is set, and then the processing proceeds to step #90. A determination is now made as to whether Ti>Tc, i.e., deceleration is underway. If the deceleration is underway (when the width of encoder pulse e measured at the present time becomes larger than that in previous time), a determination is made as to whether Ti.ltoreq.T.sub.STOP, i.e., whether or not motor 30 can be regarded as a stopped state, in step #91. If Ti.ltoreq.T.sub.STOP, the processing proceeds to step #92. In case where acceleration is underway in step #90, a determination is made that the direction of rotation of motor 30 is inverted, and then the processing proceeds to step #92. Unless Ti.gtoreq.T.sub.STOP in step #91, the processing proceeds to step #84 to continue the OFF time control under deceleration control.
In step #92, the control mode is set to be MODE=3 with the second deceleration return control regarded as terminated. This is used for a determination on the stop of motor 30 in the main routine.
In the subsequent step #93, "INT-F unenabled" prohibiting the internal timer interruption INT-F is set. In step #94, PWM register PWMR is cleared to 0, and PWM output port 47 is turned off. Then, the processing reaches step #77 to return to the main routine.
FIG. 12 shows a subroutine of the internal interruption INT-F by internal timer TMF. The internal interruption INT-F is generated when a reference clock is counted by a count value set in TMF register TMFR in a state where an interruption permission "INT-F enabled" is set. In step #100, PWM output port 47 is changed from the OFF state to the ON state, and then the processing returns to the main routine.
According to the first feature of the present invention, provided that the motor is at a deceleration time point that a pulse generated by pulse generating means has a width, corresponding to the rotation speed of the motor, increased when the motor is driving the scanning system, the motor is turned off to stop depending on whether the width of the next pulse corresponding to a predetermined speed or lower is detected, or whether an increase in width of the pulse is detected. More specifically, the motor is turned off to stop when an appropriate determination is made as to whether the motor is decelerated down to a predetermined speed by the deceleration control, or alternatively, whether the motor is reversely rotated, without an erroneous determination made in case where the necessity of turning off the motor is determined based only on the pulse width. This makes it possible to positively propel the abrupt deceleration control utilizing the regenerative braking and forcible braking until just before the motor stops and thus to assure the motor of stopping at a predetermined time point in a short distance and in a short time period without causing the reckless driving of the motor. Accordingly, the faster operation and the further miniaturization of the image scanning apparatus can be achieved without any erroneous operations.
According to the second feature of the present invention, provided that the motor is at an acceleration time point when a pulse generated has a width, corresponding to the rotation speed of the motor, decreased, a pulse width corresponding to a predetermined speed or more is detected. More specifically, an appropriate determination is made that the motor attains a predetermined speed by the acceleration control without an erroneous determination made in case where the constant rotation speed of the motor is determined based only on the pulse width. When this determination is made, the control of the motor is changed from the acceleration control to the constant speed control. This makes it possible to assure the motor of being continuously accelerated up to a predetermined speed under the abrupt acceleration control in a short distance and in a short time period and then to adequately transfer to the constant speed control. In this aspect also, the faster operation and further miniaturization of the image scanning apparatus can be achieved without any erroneous operations.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An image scanning apparatus for scanning an original, comprising: original holding means having a platen for holding the original; scanning means for scanning the original on said platen; driving means for driving said scanning means in a plurality of driving modes in order to scan the original, including an electrical motor; generating means for generating encoder pulses corresponding to the rotation of the electrical motor, the encoder pulse width corresponding to the rotation speed of the motor; supplying means for supplying drive pulses to apply electric current to the motor; first detecting means for detecting the moving speed of said scanning means; second detecting means for detecting whether said scanning means is under a positive acceleration or a negative acceleration by comparing the encoder pulse widths and determining whether encoder pulse width has a tendency to increase or decrease; and control means for controlling said driving means when a detection is made that said scanning means is under an accelerating operation, and a detection is made that said detected moving speed becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined speed, and when a detection is made that said scanning means changes from the negative acceleration to the positive acceleration or becomes slower than a predetermined speed, the control means controlling the speed of the electrical motor by drive pulse width modulation in accordance with a time width of the drive which is supplied by the pulse supplying means, said control means providing a duty ratio of the drive pulse based on the encoder pulse width and supplying the drive pulse to the electrical motor according to the duty ratio so that an acceleration of the scanning system occurs when electric current is applied to the motor, and a deceleration occurs when electric current is not applied to the electrical motor.
2. An image scanning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said control means enables the stopping of the driving operation of the driving means when a detection is made that the scanning means changes from a negative acceleration to a positive acceleration or becomes slower than a predetermined speed.
3. An image scanning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising illuminating means for illuminating the original, the illuminating means being held by the scanning means.
4. An image scanning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising image reading means for reading an image of the original during the scanning of the original by the scanning means.
5. An image scanning apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the image reading means is supported by the scanning means.