Vasoocclusion Coil With Attached Fibrous Element(s)

This invention is in the field of vasoocclusion devices. More particularly it relates to a vasoocclusion coil to which fibrous elements are attached.

Vasoocclusion devices are surgical implements that are placed within vessels, typically via a catheter to block the flow of blood through the vessel. One type of vasoocclusive device is a helical wire coil that has windings that are dimensioned to engage the walls of the vessels. Fibers are laid crosswise through the windings to provide a substrate for embolization within the vessel. Coils of such structure are available commercially from Cook, Inc.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,069 describes a vasoocclusive coil that assumes a linear helical configuration when stretched and a folded convoluted configuration when relaxed. The stretched condition is used in placing the coil at the desired site and the coil assumes its relaxed configuration--which is better suited to occlude the vessel--once the device is so placed.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide a helical vasoocclusion coil to which fibrous elements are attached in a manner that ensures they will not be dislodged from the coil and enhances the ability of the coil to facilitate embolization.

The invention is a vasoocclusive device comprising:

(a) a helical coil having a multiplicity of windings extending between a first end and a second end;

(b) at least one fibrous element having a first end attached to one of said windings in the region of the first end of the coil, a second end attached to another of said windings in the region of the second end of the coil, with the portion of the element intermediate said ends extending axially along the coil in a generally serpentine configuration composed of a plurality of loops having maxima that extend radially outwardly and minima that extend radially inwardly and are threaded about individual windings at spaced intervals along the coil.

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view (not to scale) of one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view (not to scale) of another embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings, like structures are referred to by the same reference numeral.

FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment, generally designated 10, of the vasoocclusive coil of the invention. The device 10 has two components: a helical coil 11; and a fibrous element 12.

Coil 11 will typically be made of a radiopaque material such as platinum, tungsten or gold wire. The diameter of the wire will usually be in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 mm. The coil has a multiplicity of individual windings 13. The axial length of the coil will usually be in the range of 0.2 to 100 cm, more usually 0.2 to 40 cm and the diameter of the coil will normally be 0.015 to 0.1 cm, more usually 0.025 to 0.1 cm. The coil will typically have about 10 to 70 windings per cm, more typically about 10 to 40 windings per cm.

The fibrous element 12 may be a bundle of individual fibers 14 (typically 5 to 100 fibers per bundle, preferably 20 to 30 fibers per bundle) as shown in FIG. 1 or a monofilament 15 as shown in FIG. 2. The fibers may be made from biocompatible materials such as Dacron (polyethyleneterephthalate), polyglycolic acid, polyactic acid, fluoropolymer (polytetrafluoroethylene), nylon (polyamide), or silk.

In embodiment 10, end 16 of the bundle is tied to winding 17 of the coil by a knot 18. Knotting at the ends of the bundle is desirable, but not essential, as the threading of the loops about the windings (see below) is sufficient to anchor the bundle to the coil. The specific location of attachment of end 16 is not critical and it will typically be either at the proximal end 18 of the coil or at a site on the coil spaced from the proximal end a distance greater than the loop length (see below) when the loop is lying flat on the coil. The fiber bundle extends in a generally serpentine or sinusoidal wave configuration along the exterior of the coil in a series of outer-directed (relative to the coil axis) loops 19 and inner-directed loops 20. The inner-directed loops are threaded about individual windings, designated 21, 22, 23 and 24 at spaced intervals (indicated as distance "a" between knot 18 and winding 21) along the coil. In FIG. 1, the individual windings are shown in a slightly expanded (spaced) condition for the purposes of illustration. More normally, however, the windings will be closer together so that the windings on either side of windings 21, 22, 23 and 24 pinch the fiber bundle against windings 21, 22, 23 and 24. The length of the intervals ("a") between the windings about which the fiber bundle passes may vary. It will typically be about 0.05 to 1 cm. The interval spacing may be the same or different along the length of the coil. Correspondingly, the loop length (e.g., the curvilinear length of the bundle from knot 18 to winding 21) may vary and may be the same or different from loop-to-loop. The loop length will normally be 0.1 to 2 cm, more usually 0.1 to 0.5 cm.

The fibrous element will usually extend between about 10% to 90% of the total axial length of coil. In other words the axial distance over which the element extends will usually be 0.05 to 90 cm, more usually 0.05 to 15 cm. (The dashed lines in the drawings indicate that the coil extends distally.) The element will typically be located at the proximal end of the wire. In this regard, the term "proximal" is relative to orientation in which the coil is loaded within a catheter. The distal end of the element is affixed by knot 25 to winding 26.

While FIG. 1 depicts a coil with only a single affixed fiber bundle, it will be appreciated that a multiplicity (typically 2 to 4) of fiber bundles may be similarly attached at spaced intervals about the circumference of the coil.

FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment, generally designated 30, of the vasoocclusive device of the invention. There are two differences between device 10 and device 30: (1) the fibrous element in FIG. 2 is a monofilament 15 and (2) there are two monofilaments 15 attached to the coil rather than a single fibrous element. As shown, the two monofilaments are spaced approximately 180.degree. apart about the circumference of the coil. As in the case of device 10, additional monofilaments 15 may be affixed to the coil if desired.

The vasoocclusion coils of this invention are used in a manner similar to the coil of U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,069. Briefly, the coil is preferably supplied in prepackaged form in a sterile cannula which is adapted to engage the proximal end of a catheter. In this regard the loops of the fibrous bundle will be pressed flat against the coil for placement in the cannula and catheter. Once the catheter is in place within a vessel, the coil-containing cannula is placed into engagement with the proximal end of the catheter and the coil is transferred from the cannula lumen into the catheter lumen by exerting force on the proximal end of the coil. A pusher rod is used to push the coil through the catheter to the desired coil release site. The location of the coil may be visualized due to the radiopacity of the helical coil. Once at the site, the coil is plunged from the catheter lumen into the vessel. This allows the flexible fiber loops to extend outwardly from the coil surface to fill the vessel.

Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that are obvious to those of skill in the fields of medical device design generally, and vasoocclusion specifically are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.