US 5,223,448 AGrant
Method for Producing a Layered Capacitor Structure for a Dynamic Random Access Memory Device
Issue Date:1993-06-29
•14 Claims
•4 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An improved method and resulting structures for producing a layered capacitor structure of memory cell of a DRAM device wherein a doped polysilicon spacer operates as a dopant source for an overlying polysilicon layer on the vertical and sharply inclined surfaces.
Metadata
Assignee
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
Inventor
- Wen-Doe Su
Application Information
Application Number:US 7321651
Filing Date:1991-07-18
Priority Date:1991-07-18
Art Unit:117
Classifications
IPC:
H01L 21265H01L 2170
Field of Search:
43715636525747;52;60;919;228643149;18571;301;302;303;307
Patent Drawings (4 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to dynamic random access memory devices, and more specifically to improvements in producing a layered capacitor structure for a random access memory cell.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
As is well known, a memory cell used in a dynamic random access memory device (DRAM), is composed of a memory cell capacitor, such as a stacked capacitor, and a transfer transistor. In order to reduce the cost, and increase the speed of operation, the memory devices have become increasingly more miniaturized. In order to achieve this, each memory cell must occupy less space on the device. However, the cell capacitor must have roughly the same capacitance. The capacitance of a capacitor is proportional to the area of the electrodes. Thus, in order to maintain the capacitance level as the allotted area on the device becomes smaller, various new types of capacitors have been introduced, such as trench capacitors, stacked capacitors and similar devices.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,910,566 discloses an improved cell capacitor for a DRAM cell. In general, the patent discloses a memory cell capacitor consisting of a plate shaped film and a vertical projection film which are formed of doped polysilicon. The plate-shaped film and vertical projection film are formed on an interlayer insulation film. The vertical projection film is in contact with a sidewall of the plate-shaped film. With the vertical projection film, it is possible to increase the capacitance of the memory cell capacitance.
FIGS. 1 and 2 depict the general nature of the capacitor known in the prior art. In FIG. 2, a transfer transistor is shown consisting of a source 10 and drain 12, and a gate electrode 14. An insulating film 16 extends over the gate electrode. Opposite the transistor is shown a thick field oxide 18, and a gate electrode 20 of an adjacent memory cell, with an overlying insulating film 16. Positioned between the electrodes 14 and 20 is the cell capacitor consisting of a polysilicon layer formed of a horizontal plate portion 22 joined to a vertical projection portion 24. A thin insulation layer 26 overlays the cell capacitor.
The cell capacitor of U.S. Pat. No. 4,910,566 suffers from very serious shortcomings in that fabrication, as described, requires a very precise mask adjustment to form the opening over the drain region. Particularly for deep submicron technology, the tight control requirement of this patent will be more critical in order to keep the proper alignment. Also the concentrations of the dopant in the vertical projection portions 24 is low due to the limitation of ion implantation.
Summary of the Invention
It is a general object of the invention to provide an improved process for fabricating a cell capacitor for a DRAM device.
A more specific object of the invention is to provide a new method to provide a polysilicon layer structure of a cell capacitor for a DRAM device, which requires a minimum of photo-lithographic masking steps, and also provides a more uniform dopant concentration in the polysilicon layer.
A further object of this invention is the achievement of an overhead FIN structure to increase the capacitance by using a silicon oxide instead of the first polysilicon layer and etching of the silicon oxide. The polysilicon spacer enhances the stability of the FIN and word line, as dopant source at the vertical sidewall.
The above objects of the present invention can be achieved by forming a first polysilicon layer over at least the surface of drain region, the gate electrode of the transfer transistor, and the adjacent field oxide, forming an opening in the first polysilicon layer over the drain region, depositing a second doped polysilicon layer, forming an insulating layer over the second polysilicon layer, exposing the device to a reactive ion etch to remove the insulating layer on the horizontal surface, but leaving portions on vertical and sharply inclined surfaces, removing the portions of the second polysilicon layer not masked by the insulating layer, removing the insulating layer, opening the window to the drain region, depositing a third polysilicon layer and ion implanting a dopant therein, and removing the portions of the first and third polysilicon layers not required for the capacitor.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a cell capacitor known to the prior art.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view in cross section taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6A, 7, 8 and 9 are a sequence of cross sectional views that depict the process steps of the first embodiment method of the inventions.
FIG. 6b is a cross sectional view taken on line 6b-6b in FIG. 6a.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the final device structure after passivation and metallurgy has been formed over the device structures for a second embodiment.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Referring to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 3, there is shown a partially completed DRAM cell having a transistor, having a source region 10, a drain region 12, a gate oxide 13, and a gate electrode 14. As shown the drain region abuts a thick field oxide region 18. An insulation film 16 is shown covering the surface of the device, including a gate electrode 20 for an adjacent cell that overlays field oxide 18. Thus far, the described cell structure is conventional. Preferably, lightly doped regions 15 are provided adjacent to the source and drain regions 10 and 12, respectifully, as is well known in the art.
In forming the cell capacitor, a first polysilicon layer 30 is deposited on the top surface of the device, using conventional techniques. The thickness of layer 30 will depend on the scale of the device structure, but in general is in the range of about 100 to 500 nanometers. After depositing layer 30, an opening 32 is formed over region 12, using conventional photolithographic and masking techniques. Preferably the opening 32 is formed by a commercially available plasma dry etcher with significantly high polysilicon to silicon oxide selectivity and preferably higher than 20 to 1.
As shown in FIG. 4, a second doped polysilicon layer 34 is deposited over layer 30, and over exposed insulation film 16, over drain region 12. The thickness of layer 34 is preferably in the range of about 100 to 400 nanometers. The dopant, preferably is phosphorus in situ doped with a concentration in the range of about 1.times.10.sup.20 to 8.times.10.sup.20 atoms/cm.sup.3. The dopant in layer 34 is combined in the reactants that are used to deposit the polysilicon material, as is well known. Thereafter, insulation layer 36 is formed on the surface of polysilicon layer 34. Preferably, the layer is silicon oxide formed by oxidizing polysilicon layer 34.
As indicated in FIG. 5, silicon dioxide layer 36 is removed from the device by reactive ion etching techniques. All of the portions of layer 36 on the horizontal surfaces are removed. However, since the etching is anisotropic and directional, the layer portions on the vertical and sharply inclined surfaces remain. Thereafter, the polysilicon layer 34 is removed by chemical or dry etching. The portions of layer 34 underlying the remaining silicon dioxide layer portions 36 on the vertical walls remains because it is masked. Preferably the layer 36 is removed by anisotropic reactive ion etching with CHF.sub.3 and oxygen as the etching ambient. Preferably the entire thickness of the exposed portions of layer 36 is removed, possibly even a portion of underlying layer 30. In this operation the insulation film 16 is exposed over the drain region 12.
Referring now to FIG. 6a, the exposed layer 16, over the drain region 12, and the portions of silicon dioxide layer 36, on the sidewalls, are removed. No masking operations are required for this operation. The silicon dioxide layer 36 can preferably be removed by wet or vapor isotropic chemical etching. The exposed portion of layer 16 is preferably removed by reactive ion etching, or even by vapor HF due to the masking of the polysilicon layer all over the wafer.
As indicated in FIG. 7, a third polysilicon layer 38 is deposited over the surface of the device. The layer 38 preferably has a thickness in the range of about 50 to 200 nanometers. Layer 38 makes electrical contact to drain region 12 through the opening previously formed, in layer 16. A suitable dopant, such as arsenic is then ion implanted into layer 38 by standard techniques. Subsequently, the polysilicon layer 38 is masked to cover the desired cell capacitor area, indicated in FIG. 7, and the exposed area removed by the conventional use of a commercial dry etcher. The underlying exposed portions of polysilicon layer 30 are also removed at this time.
The ion implantation of layer 38 effectively introduces the selected dopant into the horizontal portions of layer 38. However, the vertical or sharply inclined area portions do not receive sufficient dopant ions because the ions travel in a vertical direction. However, the portions of doped polysilicon layer 34 are which located on the vertical and sharply inclined surfaces underlying polysilicon layer 38, where there is a lack of dopants. When the device is heated, the impurities from layer 34 will outdiffuse into layer 38 thereby providing the dopants needed in the vertical and sharply inclined areas. The thermal treatment will be performed following oxidation of silicon nitride to make capacitor dielectric (ONO). The temperatures will be about 900 C. and the time will be about 1 hour in a preferred wet oxygen ambient, but a dry oxygen ambient is also operable.
As indicated in FIG. 8, an insulating layer 40 is deposited over the surface of the device to electrically isolate the resultant cell capacitor. This layer 40 can be of any suitable material, but is preferably a composite layer of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxide, which is called for short ONO. The layer preferably has a total thickness in the range of 4 to 10 nanometers. A polysilicon layer 42 can be deposited over layer 40 and defined by conventional lithographic techniques to make the capacitor plate 42. The device is then completed by fabricating word lines, passivation layers, and metallurgy to result in the FIG. 10 structure.
A dielectric layer 44 such a silicon oxide and borophosphosilicate glass is deposited by conventional chemical vapor deposition using TEOS. Boron and phosphorus are added to the ambient during the formation of the borophosphosilicate glass layer. The layer 44 is flowed for planarization purposes by heating it to a temperature of about 850.degree. C. for about 30 minutes.
Thereafter, the bit line contact 45 is defined by conventional lithography and dry etching techniques. The bit line metallurgy 46 is now deposited by conventional techniques. Typically, the stacked structure of polysilicon and metal silicide material, such as chemically vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten silicide will be used as the bit line material 46. In order to reduce the contact 45 resistance and bit line sheet resistance, ion implantation of phosphorus at an energy of about 80 KEV with dosage of about 6 E 15 is made into the polysilicon material layer. After the polycide layer 46 is defined, a dielectric layer 48, such as borophosphosilicate glass is formed by CVD TEOS and thermally treated at a temperature of 850 C. for 30 minutes to cause flow and planarization. Suitable contact openings (not shown) are made through the layer 48 to the polycide layer 46. Then the metal layer 50, which can be aluminium or aluminium-copper is deposited by conventional techniques and patterned to complete FIG. 9. The device is then completed by deposition of the conventional passivation and metallurgy layers as are conventional in the art.
The polysilicon spacer 34 not only can work as a self-aligned cell contact etching mask to reduce one mask and also can further reduce the tight requirement of cell contact alignment minimization. For 0.5 micrometer technology, the cell alignment can be released to 0.9 micrometers with the 0.2 micrometer polysilicon spacer 34. The fabrication feasibility will thereby be increased.
Furthermore, as seen in the FIG. 10 embodiment the silicon nitride and silicon oxide stacked layer 60 can also be used instead of polysilicon layer 30 as shown in FIG. 3-9 embodiment. After the patterning of the polysilicon layers 38 and 30, the silicon oxide layer can be etched using the silicon nitride under the silicon oxide layer as the etching mask to leave an overhead of polysilicon layer 38 as shown in FIG. 10. Then, all the procedures continues as describes above in regard to FIGS. 8 and 9 to complete the FIG. 10 embodiment which has the FIN capacitor structure.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for producing a layer structure of a memory cell of a dynamic random access memory device comprising: forming on a semiconductor body a first insulation film on the surface, and a transfer FET including source and drain regions; forming a first polysilicon layer over the surface of said semiconductor body; forming an opening in said first polysilicon layer over said drain region; depositing a doped second polysilicon layer over said first polysilicon layer; forming a second insulating layer over said second polysilicon layer; exposing the semiconductor body to reactive ion etching to remove said second insulation layer from all horizontal surface, including over said drain region, but leaving portions thereof on the adjacent vertical and steeply inclined surfaces; removing the portions of the exposed second polysilicon layer at least over said drain region; removing the resultant exposed first insulation film over said drain region, and the remaining portions of said second insulation layer by chemical etching; depositing a third polysilicon layer on said semiconductor body; ion implanting a dopant into said third polysilicon layer; and removing portion of said first and third polysilicon layers over said semiconductor body, but leaving the portions about and in contact with said drain regions which constitutes a capacitor for said memory cell.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said opening is said first polysilicon layer is formed by photolithographic masking followed by reactive ion etching, thereby forming vertical walls about the resultant opening in said first polysilicon layer.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the thickness of said first polysilicon layer is in the range of 100 to 500 nanometers, and the thickness of said second polysilicon layer is in the range of 100 to 400 nanometers.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein said second insulation layer is silicon dioxide with a thickness in the range of 5 to 20 nanometers.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said second insulation layer is formed by oxidizing said second polysilicon layer.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said portions of the exposed second polysilicon layer are removed by plasma etching using the remaining portions of said second insulation layer as a mask to thereby retain the second polysilicon layer portions on vertical and inclined surfaces.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said exposed first insulation film is removed by reactive ion etching.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein said second insulation layer portions are removed by dip chemical etching.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the third polysilicon layer portion on vertical and inclined surfaces is doped during deposition of the third polysilicon layer by autodoping from said second polysilicon layer.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the thickness of said third polysilicon layer is in the range of 50 to 200 nanometers.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein a third insulation layer is deposited over said third polysilicon layer.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said third insulation layer is a composite layer of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxide.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein a fourth polysilicon layer is deposited over said third insulation layer which is subsequently formed into word line.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein a finned capacitor is formed.