US 5,218,878 AGrant
Two-Stage Range Piston-Cylinder Assembly
Issue Date:1993-06-15
•5 Claims
•7 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A two-stage auxiliary section shift actuator (220) is provided which will apply a first relatively smaller force upon preselection of an auxiliary section shift for rapid initiation thereof upon release of an interlock (256). Upon initiation of the auxiliary section shift, the actuator will apply a second larger force to assure rapid engagement of a selected auxiliary section synchronized clutch.
Metadata
Assignee
- Eaton Corporation
Inventors
- Daniel A. Monette
- Wayne E. Dill
- Joseph H. McNinch, Jr.
Application Information
Application Number:US 824961&
Filing Date:1992-01-23
Priority Date:1992-01-23
Art Unit:352
Classifications
IPC:
F16H 308
Field of Search:
1927485 AA;52335;745;477
Patent Drawings (7 sheets)
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Related Applications
This application is related to copending U.S. patent applications:
Ser. No. 824,924, entitled AUXILIARY SECTION ACTUATOR CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD;
Ser. No. 824,675, entitled RANGE VALVE PRE-EXHAUST;
Ser. No. 824,673, entitled INTERLOCK MECHANISM FOR RANGE SECTION SLAVE VALVE;
Ser. No. 824,645, entitled VARIABLE PRESSURE RANGE SECTION ACTUATOR PISTON;
Ser. No. 824,960, entitled DUAL PRESSURE REGULATOR;
Ser. No. 824,672, entitled VARIABLE PRESSURE RANGE SECTION ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY;
Ser. No. 824,638, entitled RANGE SECTION ACTUATOR CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING DAMAGE TO RANGE SECTION SYNCHRONIZERS;
Ser. No. 824,925, entitled RANGE SECTION PROTECTION VALVE ASSEMBLY,
Ser. No. 824,956, entitled SYNCHRONIZATION SPLITTER SECTION PROTECTION SYSTEM/METHOD;
all assigned to the same assignee, Eaton Corporation, and filed the same day, Jan. 23, 1992, as this application.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the auxiliary section actuator of a vehicular compound transmission. In particular, the present invention relates to pressurized fluid (pneumatic) system for controlling the engagement of auxiliary section synchronized jaw clutches in compound transmissions of the type comprising one or more multiple speed auxiliary transmission sections connected in series with a multiple speed main transmission section. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pressurized fluid (pneumatic) control system utilizing an improved preselect and interlock system for protecting the auxiliary section synchronized jaw clutches of a compound heavy duty vehicular transmission during a compound shift.
Still more particularly, the present invention relates to an auxiliary section actuator having a mechanical interlock to prevent piston movement until main section neutral is achieved and having a piston/cylinder assembly which exposes only a relatively small first piston area to pressurized fluid upon preselection of a shift with the piston interlocked but which exposes both the first and a larger second piston area to pressurized fluid upon release of the interlock and movement of the piston toward the preselected position thereof. Pressurization of the first piston area upon preselection of an auxiliary section shift will result in a faster shift initiation as the interlock is released to minimize the possibility of the main section reengaging prior to completion of the range shift while pressurizing only the first and not both the first and second areas will minimize undue forces on and/or hanging up of the mechanical interlock mechanism.
Description of the Prior Art
Compound change gear transmissions of the type having one or more auxiliary sections connected in series with a main transmission section are very well known in the prior art. Such transmissions are typically associated with heavy duty vehicles such as large trucks, tractor/semi-trailers, and the like. Briefly, by utilizing main and auxiliary transmission sections connected in series, assuming proper relative sizing of the ratio steps, the total of available transmission ratios is equal to the product of the main and auxiliary section ratios. By way of example, at least in theory, a compound change gear transmission comprising a four (4) speed main section connected in series with a three (3) speed auxiliary section will provide twelve (4.times.3=12) available ratios.
Auxiliary transmission sections are of three general types: range type, splitter type or combined range/splitter type.
In compound transmissions having a range type auxiliary section, the range section ratio step or steps are greater than the total ratio coverage of the main transmission section and the main section is shifted progressively through its ratios in each range. Examples of compound transmissions having range type auxiliary sections may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,974,474; 4,964,313 4,920,815; 3,105,395; 2,637,222 and 2,637,221, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Assignee's well known RT/RTO 11609 and RT/RTO 11610 "Roadranger" transmissions are examples of a "(4+1).times.(2)", nine speed and "(5).times.(2)" ten speed heavy duty range type transmissions.
In compound transmissions having a splitter type auxiliary section, the ratio steps of the splitter auxiliary section are less than the ratio steps of the main transmission section and each main section ratio is split, or subdivided, by the splitter section. Examples of compound change gear transmissions having splitter type auxiliary sections may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,290,515; 3,799,002; 4,440,037 and 4,527,447, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
In a combined range and splitter type auxiliary section, or sections, both range and splitter type ratios are provided allowing the main section to be progressively shifted through its ratios in at least two ranges and also allowing the main section ratios to be split in at least one range.
One example of a compound transmission having a single combined range/splitter type auxiliary section may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,283,613; 3,648,546, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. A three gear layer, four-speed combined splitter/range type auxiliary section may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,665, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Assignee's well known RT/RTO 11613 and RT/RTO 14718 "Eaton Roadranger" transmissions are examples of a "(4+1).times.(3)" thirteen-speed and a "(4+1).times.(4)" eighteen-speed combined range/splitter type transmission.
Another example is the "Ecosplit" model of transmission sold by Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Aktiengeseushaft of Friedrichshafen, Federal Republich of Germany which utilizes a separate splitter auxiliary section in front of, and a separate range auxiliary section behind, the main transmission section.
It should be noted that the terms main and auxiliary sections are relative and that if the designations of the main and auxiliary sections are reversed, the type of auxiliary section (either range or splitter) will also be reversed. In other words, given what is conventionally considered a four-speed main section with two-speed range type auxiliary section, if the normally designated auxiliary is considered the main section, the normally designated main section would be considered a four-speed splitter type auxiliary section therefor. By generally accepted transmission industry convention, and as used in this description of the invention, the main transmission section of a compound transmission is that section which contains the largest (or at least no less) number of forward speed ratios, which allows section of a neutral position, which contains the reverse ratio(s) and/or which is shifted (in manual or semiautomatic transmissions) by manipulation of a shift bar or shift rail or shift shaft/shift finger assembly as opposed to master/slave valve/cylinder arrangements or the like.
In compound transmissions of the range or the combined range/splitter or splitter/range types, the main transmission section is typically shifted by means of a shift bar housing assembly, or single shift shaft assembly, controlled by a manually operated shift lever or the like and the auxiliary range section is shifted, in "repeat H" type transmissions, by means of button or switch, usually manually operated, which controls a remote slave valve/actuator mechanism. In so-called "double H" or "one and one-half H" type controls, the range is shifted by switches responsive to positioning of the shift lever. Double H type controls are well known in the prior art as may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,633,725 and 4,275,612, the disclosures of which are incorporated hereby by reference.
As the range section often utilizes synchronized jaw clutches, to provide acceptable shift quality and prevent undue wear and/or damage to the range section synchronized jaw clutches, it has been an object of the prior art to provide devices to assure that a range shift be initiated and hopefully completed while the main transmission section is in neutral.
In view of the above, the prior art compound range type transmissions usually include a control system, usually a pneumatic control system, including interlock devices, which allowed a range shift to be preselected by use of a selector button or switch at a master control valve but not initiated until the main transmission section is shifted to, or at least towards, the neutral condition. Such systems typically utilized interlocks of the mechanical type on the range section actuator mechanical linkage which physically prevented movement of the range section shift fork until the main section shifted into neutral or of the type wherein the valve (often called the "slave valve") supplying pressurized air to the range section pistons is either disabled or not provided with pressurized fluid until a shift to main section neutral is sensed, or is only activated and provided with pressurized fluid while the main section is shifted to and remains in neutral. Examples of such transmissions and the control systems therefor may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,654,268; 3,138,965 and 4,060,005, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Transmissions using range section control valves (supply and/or exhaust) which are interlocked until a main section shift to neutral occurs may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,229,551; 4,450,869; 4,793,378 and 4,974,474, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
While the prior art systems do provide considerable protection for the range section synchronizers by preventing initiation of a range shift until the main section is shifted into neutral, they are not totally satisfactory as while they assure that a range section shift will not initiate until the main section is in neutral, they do not prevent the condition wherein the main section shift is faster than (i.e. "beats") the range shift. As is well known, under certain conditions, if the range synchronized clutch attempts to engage while main section is engaged, a portion of the engine torque is transferred to the vehicular drive wheels entirely by the engaged synchronizer friction surfaces and the synchronizer friction members can be rapidly damaged. In such condition, the range synchronizers, especially the direct or high speed range synchronizer may be damaged or destroyed relatively quickly. In the event of an unintended attempt to make a range only shift, such damage may occur within about two (2.0) seconds.
Transmissions utilizing mechanical interlock devices, of both the rigid and the resilient type, may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,974,474; 4,944,197 and 4,296,642, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Such devices typically locked the range clutch into high or low position while the main section is not in neutral and/or locked the main section in neutral if the range clutch was not engaged in the high or low speed position thereof. While these systems will, when operating properly, prevent damage to the range synchronizers caused by attempting to engage a range clutch while the main section is not in neutral, they were not totally satisfactory as (i) a fast main section shift can result in the auxiliary section being locked in an undesirable ratio, (ii) if a range clutch is hung up on the blocker the main section cannot be engaged to manipulate the clutches, (iii) resilient devices may not properly interlock or may bind, (iv) considerable wear and stress may be caused to the interlock and/or shift actuator members and/or (v) with wear, friction locks of the interlock mechanisms may occur.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, the drawbacks of the prior art are minimized or overcome by the provision of a pressurized fluid actuated auxiliary section actuator system which will protect the auxiliary section synchronizers by interlocking the auxiliary section until and main section is in neutral and then interlocking the main transmission section until the auxiliary section shift is complete and which allows an actuator chamber associated with a relatively small first piston surface area to be pressurized if an auxiliary section shift is preselected to provide a more rapid auxiliary section shift. A more rapid initiation should result in a more rapid initiation of an auxiliary section shift will minimize the time that the main section is locked in the neutral position.
The above is accomplished by utilizing an interlock mechanism which locks the auxiliary section in a currently engaged ratio when the main section is engaged and which locks the main section in neutral when the auxiliary section is in a shift transient.
The range actuator piston/cylinder is of a two-stage construction that, upon pressurizing of either the high or low speed conduits, will expose only a relatively small first piston area to pressurized fluid if the piston is in one of its fully displaced positions but which will expose both the first and a relatively larger second piston surface area to pressurized fluid as the piston moves off an interlocked position towards the other fully displaced position thereof.
The first surface areas are selected to provide a significant biasing force to cause quick initiation of range shifting upon release of the interlock while not causing undue wear and stress on the interlock and related members. The total of the first and second areas is selected to provide sufficient force to cause rapid synchronization, unblocking and engagement of the selected synchronized range clutch.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved auxiliary section (range) shifting system for a compound transmission of the type utilizing synchronized jaw clutches in the auxiliary sections thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved interlocked pressurized fluid actuated auxiliary section actuator system for engagement of a selected auxiliary section synchronized clutch which, upon selection of an auxiliary section shift, will provide a relatively small axial force when the actuator is interlocked for rapid shift initiation upon release of the interlock without causing undue wear and stress on the interlock and will provide a larger axial force as the interlock is released for rapid engagement of the selected synchronized range section clutch.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the detailed description of the preferred embodiment taken in connection with the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a compound transmission having a range type auxiliary section and utilizing the pneumatic control system of the present invention.
FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of the shifting mechanisms of the transmission of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1B is a schematic illustration of the "repeat H" type shift pattern of the transmission of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1C is a schematic illustration of a "double H" type shift pattern for the transmission of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A are schematic illustration of a compound transmission and the "repeat H" type shift pattern, respectively, having a compound splitter/range type auxiliary section with which the pneumatic control system of the prevent invention is particularly useful.
FIG. 3 (A and B) is a partial view, in cross-section, of the auxiliary section 102 of transmission 100.
FIG. 4 is a prospective view of a single shift shaft type mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an air control system utilizing the two-stage actuator of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a portion of the air control system of FIG. 5 in a different position thereof.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an alternate two-stage actuator piston/cylinder structure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience in reference only and will not be limiting. The words "upwardly", "downwardly", "rightwardly", and "leftwardly" will designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words "forward", "rearward", will refer respectively to the front and rear ends of the transmission as conventionally mounted in a vehicle, being respectfully from left and right sides of the transmission as illustrated in FIG. 1. The words "inwardly" and "outwardly" will refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the device and designated parts thereof. Said terminology will include the words above specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.
The term "compound transmission" is used to designate a change speed or change gear transmission having a multiple forward speed main transmission section and a multiple speed auxiliary transmission section connected in series whereby the selected gear reduction in the main transmission section may be compounded by further selected gear reduction in the auxiliary transmission section. "Synchronized clutch assembly" and words of similar import shall designate a positive, jaw-type clutch assembly utilized to nonrotatably couple a selected gear to a shaft by means of a positive clutch in which attempted engagement of said clutch is prevented until the members of the clutch are at substantially synchronous rotation and relatively large capacity friction means are utilized with the clutch members and are sufficient, upon initiation of a clutch engagement, to cause the clutch members and all members rotating therewith to rotate at substantially synchronous speed.
The terms "neutral" and "not engaged" are used interchangeably and refer to a main transmission section condition wherein torque is not transferred from the transmission input shaft to the mainshaft (in transmissions of the general type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2). The terms "not neutral" and "engaged" are used interchangeably and refer to a main transmission section condition wherein a main section drive ratio is engaged and drive torque is transferred from the transmission input shaft to the main shaft (in transmissions of the general type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2).
The term "high speed" ratio refers to that ratio of a transmission section wherein the rotational speed of the output is greatest for a given input rotational speed.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B, a range type compound transmission 10 is illustrated. Compound transmission 10 comprises a multiple speed main transmission section 12 connected in series with a range type auxiliary section 14. Transmission 10 is housed within a housing H and includes an input shaft 16 driven by a prime mover such as diesel engine E through a selectively disengaged, normally engaged friction master clutch C having an input or driving portion 18 drivingly connected to the engine crankshaft 20 and a driven portion 22 rotatably fixed to the transmission input shaft 16.
In main transmission section 12, the input shaft 16 carries an input gear 24 for simultaneously driving a plurality of substantially identical countershaft assemblies 26 and 26A at substantially identical rotational speeds. The two substantially identical countershaft assemblies are provided on diametrically opposite sides of mainshaft 28 which is generally coaxially aligned with the input shaft 16. Each of the countershaft assemblies comprises a countershaft 30 supported by bearings 32 and 34 in housing H, only a portion of which is schematically illustrated. Each of the countershafts is provided with an identical grouping of countershaft gears 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48, fixed for rotation therewith. A plurality of mainshaft gears 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 surround the mainshaft 28 and are selectively clutchable, one at a time, to the mainshaft 28 for rotation therewith by sliding clutch collars 60, 62 and 64 as is well known in the prior art. Clutch collar 60 may also be utilized to clutch input gear 24 to mainshaft 28 to provide a direct drive relationship between input shaft 16 and mainshaft 28.
Typically, clutch collars 60, 62 and 64 are axially positioned by means of shift forks 60A, 62A and 64A, respectively, associated with the shift housing assembly 70, as well known in the prior art. Clutch collars 60, 62 and 64 may be of the well known synchronized or nonsynchronized double acting jaw clutch type.
Mainshaft gear 58 is the reverse gear and is in continuous meshing engagement with countershaft gears 48 by means of conventional intermediate idler gears (not shown). It should also be noted that while main transmission section 12 does provide five selectable forward speed ratios, the lowest forward speed ratio, namely that provided by drivingly connecting mainshaft drive gear 56 to mainshaft 28, is often of such a high gear reduction it has to be considered a low or "creeper" gear which is utilized only for starting of a vehicle under severe conditions and is not usually utilized in the high transmission range. Accordingly, while main transmission section 12 does provide five forward speeds, it is usually referred to as a "four plus one" or "(4+1)" main section as only four of the forward speeds are compounded by the auxiliary range transmission section 14 utilized therewith.
Jaw clutches 60, 62, and 64 are three-position clutches in that they may be positioned in the centered, nonengaged position as illustrated, or in a fully rightwardly engaged or fully leftwardly engaged position by means of a shift lever 72. As is well known, only one of the clutches 60, 62 and 64 is engageable at a given time and main section interlock means (not shown) are provided to lock the other clutches in the neutral condition.
Auxiliary transmission range section 14 includes two substantially identical auxiliary countershaft assemblies 74 and 74A, each comprising an auxiliary countershaft 76 supported by bearings 78 and 80 in housing H and carrying two auxiliary section countershaft gears 82 and 84 for rotation therewith. Auxiliary countershaft gears 82 are constantly meshed with and support range/output gear 86 which is fixed for rotation with mainshaft 28 while auxiliary section countershaft gears 84 are constantly meshed with output gear 88 which surrounds transmission output shaft 90.
A two-position synchronized jaw clutch assembly 92, which is axially positioned by means of shift fork 94 and the range section shifting actuator assembly 96, is provided for clutching either gear 88 to output shaft 90 for low range operation or gear 86 to output shaft 90 for direct or high range operation of the compound transmission 10. The "repeat H" type shift pattern for compound range type transmission 10 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1B. Selection and/or preselection of low or high range operation of the transmission 10 is by means of an operator actuated switch or button 98 which is usually located at the shift lever 72.
Although the range type auxiliary section 14 is illustrated as a two-speed section utilizing spur or helical type gearing, it is understood that the present invention is also applicable to range type transmissions utilizing combined splitter/range type auxiliary sections, having three or more selectable range ratios and/or utilizing planetary type gearing. Also, as indicated above, any one or more of clutches 60, 62 or 64 may be of the synchronized jaw clutch type and transmission sections 12 and/or 14 may be of the single countershaft type.
The main transmission section 12 is controlled by axial movement of at least one shift rail or shift shaft contained within the shift bar housing 70 and controlled by operation of the shift lever 72. As is known, shift lever 72 may be mounted directly to, or remotely from, the transmission. Devices of this type are well known in the prior art and may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,537, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The range section is controlled by operation of button 98, or a position switch 98A in the case of a "double H" type control, both as well known in the prior art. Shift bar housing 70 may also be of the more conventional multiple shift rail type, well known in the prior art as may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,782,719; 4,738,863; 4,722,237 and 4,614,126, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
The control system of the present invention is equally applicable to compound transmissions having range, combined range/splitter or splitter/range type auxiliary sections.
Referring to FIG. 2, compound change gear mechanical transmission 100 is an eighteen forward speed transmission comprising a main transmission section 12A, identical, or substantially identical, to main transmission section 12 described above in reference to prior art transmission 10. Main transmission section 12A of transmission 100 differs from main transmission section 12 of transmission 10 only in that main shaft 28A extends slightly further into the auxiliary transmission section 102 than does main shaft 28 extend into auxiliary transmission section 14. In view of the substantially identical structure of main transmission sections 12 and 12A, main transmission section 12A will not be described again in detail.
Auxiliary transmission section 102 includes two substantially identical auxiliary countershaft assemblies 104 and 104A, each comprising an auxiliary countershaft 106 supported by bearings 108 and 110 in housing H and carrying three auxiliary section countershaft gears 112, 114 and 116 fixed for rotation therewith. Auxiliary countershaft gears 112 are constantly meshed with and support auxiliary section splitter gear 118 which surrounds mainshaft 28A. Auxiliary countershaft gears 114 are constantly meshed with and support auxiliary section splitter/range gear 120 which surrounds the output shaft 122 at the end thereof adjacent the coaxial end of mainshaft 28A. Auxiliary section countershaft gears 116 constantly mesh and support auxiliary section range gear 124, which surrounds the output shaft 122. Accordingly, auxiliary section countershaft gears 112 and splitter gear 118 define a first gear layer, auxiliary section countershaft gears 114 and splitter/range gear 120 define a second gear layer and auxiliary section countershaft gears 116 and range gear 124 define a third layer, or gear group of the combined splitter and range type auxiliary transmission section 102.
A sliding two position jaw clutch collar 126 is utilized to selectively couple either the splitter gear 118 or the splitter/range gear 120 to the mainshaft 28A, while a two position synchronized assembly 128 is utilized to selectively couple the splitter/range gear 120 or the range gear 124 to the output shaft 122. The structure and function of double acting sliding jaw clutch collar 126 is substantially identical to the structure and function of sliding clutch collars 60, 62 and 64 utilized in connection with transmission 10 while the structure and function of double acting synchronized clutch assembly 128 is substantially identical to the structure and function of synchronized clutch assembly 92 utilized in connection with transmission 10. Synchronized clutch assemblies such as assemblies 92 and 128 are well known in the prior art and examples thereof may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,462,489; 4,125,179 and 2,667,955, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated by reference.
Such clutches typically include a pair of axially engageable jaw clutch members, a sensor/blocker device for sensing nonsynchronous rotation of the jaw clutch members and blocking axial engagement thereof and a pair of friction surfaces, often conical, which are urged into contact to frictionally connect the jaw clutch members to cause substantially synchronous rotation thereof. During attempted engagement of such assemblies, assuming a substantial nonsynchronous condition, the clutch will assume a blocked position wherein the blocker device prevents axial engagement of the jaw clutch members and the friction surfaces are engaged under force. If the clutch assembly remains in the blocked position under a high axial engagement force while the main transmission is engaged for an extended period of time, excessive torque loading can damage and/or destroy the friction surfaces.
The detailed structure of the preferred embodiment of auxiliary section 102 is illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, wherein it may be seen that the rearward end of mainshaft 28A extending into the auxiliary transmission section 102 is provided with external splines 130 which mate with internal splines 132 provided on clutch collar 126 for rotationally coupling clutch collar 126 to the mainshaft 28A while allowing relative axial movement therebetween. The clutch collar 126 is provided with clutch teeth 134 and 136 for selective axial engagement with clutch teeth 138 and 140 provided on gears 118 and 120, respectively. The clutch collar 126 is also provided with a groove 141 for receipt of a shift fork 142.
Gear 118 surrounds mainshaft 28A and is normally free to rotate relative thereto and is axially retained relative to the mainshaft 28A by means of retainers 144. Clutch teeth 136 and 138 present tapered surfaces 146 and 148 which are inclined at about 35.degree. relative to the axis of the mainshaft 28A which provides an advantageous interaction tending to resist nonsynchronous engagement and also tending to cause a synchronous rotation as is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,265,173, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Clutch teeth 136 and 140 are provided with similar complementary tapered surfaces.
Splitter/range gear 120 is rotatably supported at the inward end 150 of output shaft 122 by means of a pair of thrust bearings while range gear 124 surrounds the output shaft 122 and is axially retained thereon by means of thrust washers. Located axially between gears 120 and 124, and rotationally fixed to output shaft 122 by means of external splines and internal splines, is the double acting two position synchronized clutch assembly 128. Many of the well known synchronized positive clutch structures are suitable for use in the auxiliary transmission section of the present invention. The synchronized clutch assembly 128 illustrated is of the pin type described in above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,462,489. Briefly, the synchronized clutch assembly 128 includes a slidable jaw clutch member 162 axially positioned by a shift fork 164 and carrying clutch teeth 166 and 168, respectively, for axial engagement with clutch teeth 170 and 172, respectively, carried by gears 120 and 124, respectively. Gears 120 and 124 define cone friction surfaces 174 and 176, respectively, for frictional synchronizing engagement with matching frictional cone surfaces 178 and 180, respectively, carried by the friction rings 182 and 184, respectively, of the synchronized clutch assembly. Blocker pins 186 and 188 are rotationally fixed to the friction rings 184 and 182, respectively, and interact with blocker openings 190 carried by the sliding member 162 to provide the blocking function as is well known in the prior art. Synchronizing assembly 128 may also include a plurality of spring pins (not shown) for providing initial engagement of the conical friction surfaces at the initiation of a clutch engagement operation.
Output shaft 122 is supported by bearings 192 in housing H and extends therefrom for attachment of a yolk member Y or the like which typically forms a portion of a universal joint for driving a propeller shaft to a differential or the like. The output shaft 122 may also carry a speedometer gear 194 and/or various sealing elements (not shown).
As may be seen by reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, by selectively axially positioning both the splitter clutch 126 and the range clutch 128 in the forward and rearward axial positions thereof, four distinct ratios of main shaft rotation to output shaft rotation may be provided. Accordingly, auxiliary transmission section 102 is a 3-layer auxiliary section of the combined range and splitter type providing four selectable speeds or drive ratios between the input (countershaft 28A) and output (output shaft 122) thereof. Transmissions of this type are well known in the prior art and are sold by assignee Eaton Corporation under the trade names "Super 10" and "Super 18" and may be seen in greater detail by reference to U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,665, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The shift pattern for the transmission 100 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2A wherein the "S" arrow indicate a splitter shift and the "R" arrow indicates a range shift.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single shift shaft type shifting mechanism 200 of the type illustrated in FIG. 4 is utilized. Mechanisms of this type are known in the prior art as may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,920,815 and 4,621,537, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Briefly, shift lever 98 will interact with block member 202 to cause rotational or axial movement of shaft 204 relative to the transmission housing. Rotational movement will cause keys, such as key 206 and another unseen key, to interact with lands or slots provided in the hubs of the shift forks 60A, 62A and 64A to axially fix two of the shift forks relative to the housing and to axially fix the other shift fork to shaft 204. Axial movement of the shaft 204 and the selected shift fork axially fixed thereto will then result in engagement and disengagement of the jaw clutches associated therewith.
Accordingly, by monitoring of the axial position of a selected segment of shift shaft 204, such as one or more neutral detent notches 210, the in neutral-not in neutral condition of the main section 12 of transmission 10 may be sensed.
The present invention is also applicable to compound transmissions utilizing the well known multiple parallel rail type shift bar housing assemblies as may be seen by reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,445,393; 4,275,612; 4,584,895 and 4,722,237, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Such devices typically include an assembly extending perpendicular to the shift rails (often associated with a shift rail interlock mechanism) which will assume a first position when all of the shift rails are in an axially centered neutral position or a second position when any one of the shift rails is displaced from the axially centered neutral position thereof.
The present invention is also applicable to compound transmissions wherein other mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic or other types of sensors are utilized to sense conditions indicative of transmission main section neutral (not engaged) or not neutral (engaged) conditions.
Although the auxiliary transmission sections are typically attached to the main transmission section, the term "auxiliary transmission section" as used herein is also applicable to detached drive train devices such as multiple-speed axles, multiple-speed transfer cases and the like.
While the present invention is equally applicable to transmission 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 and transmission 100 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as other compound transmissions utilizing synchronized auxiliary section jaw clutch assemblies, for purposes of simplification and ease of understanding, the present invention will be described primarily as utilized with the compound range type transmission illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1A, 1B and 1C.
Assuming a shift control of the type illustrated in FIG. 1B, i.e. a "repeat H" type control, a 4th-to-5th speed compound shift involves disengaging jaw clutch 60 from 4th/8th speed input gear 24, then disengaging clutch 92 from range low speed or reduction gear 86 and engaging clutch 92 with the high speed or direct range gear 88 and then engaging jaw clutch 62 with 1st/5th speed main section gear 54. To accomplish this, the vehicle operator will preselect "HI" with the range selector button 98, will shift from the 4/8 position to N and then to the 1/5 position with shift lever 72. In prior art range type transmissions, such as the 9-speed RT/RTO 11609 "Roadranger" transmission manufactured and sold by Eaton Corporation, a two-position slave valve having a first position for causing "HI" range to be selected and a second position for causing "LO" range to be selected was interlocked in one of its two positions by a plunger or the like wherever the main transmission section 10 was not in neutral. Examples of such valves and interlocks may be seen by reference to above-mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,229,551; 4,450,869; 4,793,378 and 4,974,474.
As indicated previously, while these devices will, under most conditions, protect the range section synchronizers by preventing initiation of a range shift until the main section is shifted into neutral and/or lock the main section in neutral until the range shift is complete, under certain conditions the main section shift may complete prior to the range shift which will place the range synchronizer at risk and/or may cause the transmission to be hung up in neutral. Attempting to engage the auxiliary synchronized clutch with the main section engaged is a considerably greater problem for range upshifts (4th-to-5th) than for range downshifts (5th-to-4th) as torque across the synchronizer friction cone surfaces (174/178 in FIG. 3A) when engaging direct range gear 88 will tend to increase the tendency of the synchronizer being hung up on the synchronizer blockers while torque across the friction cone surfaces (176/180 in FIG. 3B) when engaging reduction range gear 86 will tend to pull the synchronizer to an unblocked condition. Generally, in transmissions of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, range section synchronizer burn-out is not seen as a significant problem in range section downshifts.
Referring to the transmission of FIG. 1, another serious problem may occur when a driver in 4th gear decides to upshift, then preselects a range upshift and then moves the shift lever to or towards the neutral position. If the driver quickly changes his mind and moves the shift lever back to the 4/8 position without changing the range selection, the range clutch may attempt to complete a range only 4-8 upshift and the large speed differential across the synchronizer cone friction surfaces may result in rapid damage thereto. In such situations, a synchronizer may be severely damaged or destroyed with two seconds.
Similar inadvertent attempted compound skip upshifts will have similar results. For another example, if a driver inadvertently preselects or forgets a preselection of a range upshift, and then attempts a 4-3 downshift, the actual result will be an attempted 4-7 upshift with a large speed differential across the synchronizer friction surfaces.
The auxiliary section control system/method of the present invention minimizes the prior art drawbacks by allowing quicker initiation of range shifts by applying a preenergizing force upon preselection of a range shift.
While the present invention is particularly well suited for use in controlling the engagement of a synchronized range clutch, especially the high speed or direct range clutch of a compound transmission, it is not intended to be limited to such use and could be useful in controlling the engagement of synchronized splitter clutches or the like.
As may be seen by reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the two-stage range clutch actuator piston assembly 220 defines a piston 221 having surface areas 222A and 222B pressurized to engage the low speed range clutch, and surface areas 224A and 224B pressurized to engage to high speed range clutch. Piston 221 includes a shaft 226 to which is mounted shift yoke 94 or 164 for shifting synchronized clutch 92 or 128 to the selected positions thereof.
As indicated previously, the not engaged (neutral) and the engaged (not neutral) conditions of the main section (12) of transmission (10) may be sensed by sensing axially nondisplaced or displaced positions of the main transmission section shift shaft(s) 204. Such axial displacement of a shift shaft or shift rail may be sensed on the shaft or rail per se, on an extension thereof, or on a cross-shaft or the like.
The master range valve 232 is connected to a source of filtered and regulated air from filter regulator 234. In heavy-duty vehicles, the regulated air pressure is usually 60 to 80 psi. Switch or lever 98 is effective to either pressurize (Low) or vent (High) the low pressure signal or pilot line 236. The low range pilot line 236 connects to the range slave valve 238 which is a two-position, four-way valve spring 240 biased to the high-speed range position (i.e. conduit 224C pressurized and conduit 222C exhausted) and responsive to pressurization of pilot line 236 to move to the low-speed range position (i.e. conduit 222C pressurized and conduit 224C exhausted).
An interlock plunger 250 interacts with interlock notch 210 on shift shaft 204 and interlock notches 252 and 254 on piston shaft 226. The purpose of interlock assembly 256 defined by plunger 250 and notches 250, 252 and 254 is to lock the auxiliary range section in either high or low speed whenever the main transmission section is not in neutral and to lock the main transmission section in neutral whenever the auxiliary range section is not fully engaged in either the high or low speed ratios thereof. Interlock assemblies of this type are known in the prior art as may be seen by reference to above-mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,474.
The two-stage range actuator piston/cylinder assembly 220 includes a housing 260 defining a bore 262 in which piston 221 is slidably and sealingly received. Bore 262 includes two reduced inner diameter portions 264 and 266 separated by an enlarged diameter portion 268. Reduced outer diameter piston lobes 270 and 272, respectively, which define surfaces 222A and 224A, respectively, are slidingly and sealingly received in the reduced inner diameter portions 264 and 266, respectively, of bore 262. Enlarged outer diameter piston lobe 274, which carries the opposed larger piston surfaces 222B and 224B, is slidably and sealingly received in bore portion 268. The surface area of piston surfaces 222A and 224A are generally equal as are the surface areas of piston surfaces 222B and 224B. The surface areas of surfaces 222A and 224A are preferably considerably smaller than the surface areas of surfaces 222B and 224B.
A passage 222D connects an intermediate point of bore portion 264 with the left end of bore portion 268. A passage 224D connects an intermediate point of bore portion 266 with the right end of bore portion 268.
As may be seen by reference to FIG. 5, when piston 221 is fully displaced leftwardly to engage range high, piston lobe 270 will seal passage 222D and the left end 222E of the enlarged bore portion 268 from fluid communication with conduit 222C. In a similar manner, when piston 221 is fully displaced rightwardly to engage range low, piston lobe 272 will seal passage 224D and the right end 224E enlarged bore portion 268 from conduit 224C.
FIG. 5 illustrates the control system with the main section 12 in gear and the range section 14 interlocked in the high speed ratio. If selector 98 is moved to the "Lo" position to preselect the low range speed without disengaging the main transmission section, slave valve 238 will move to its low speed position causing conduit 222C to be pressurized and conduit 224C to be vented to atmosphere. This will cause the cylinder chambers 224E and 266 to be vented and will pressurize chamber 265 defined to the left of surface 222A. Piston lobe 270 will prevent pressurization of chamber 222E and thus piston face 222A but not piston face 222B will be exposed to pressure to provide a rightward bias to piston 221 with a first force which is resisted by the mechanical interlock 256. As the main section is shifted into neutral, see FIG. 6, the interlock will release the auxiliary shift shaft 226 and piston 221 will begin a rapid initial rightward movement under the first axial force. The piston lobe 270 will uncover conduit 222D, allowing chamber 222E to fluidly communicate with pressurized conduit 222C and piston 221 will then be urged rightwardly with a second, higher force resulting from the pressurization of larger piston face 222B. The second force will exceed the first force by approximately the ratio of the area of the smaller piston face 222A to the area of the larger piston face 222B.
Accordingly, the two-stage actuator 220 provides a first relatively lower force for rapid initiation of a preselected range shift while minimizing wear on the interlock and a second relatively larger force, after release of the interlock, for rapid synchronization, unblocking and engagement of a selected synchronized range clutch.
To minimize the possibility of piston hang-up due to trapped air in the chambers 222E or 224E, one or more one-way relief valves (not shown) may be utilized.
An alternate two-stage piston/cylinder actuator structure 300 may be seen by reference to FIG. 7. Actuator 300 includes a body 302 defining a bore 304 in which is slidably and sealingly received a piston 306. Actuator body 302 defines a port 308 for connection to conduit 224C. Piston 306 is provided with a countersunk 310 for receipt of a centering boss 312 defined at the closed end of bore 304.
Non-countersunk portion 314 of piston 306 is received in the annular groove 316 surrounding the boss 312 to define a first pressurizable chamber communicating with port 308 having a piston surface defined by the annular non-countersunk face 318 of piston 306. Leftward movement of piston 306 will communicate the countersunk face 310 as well as face 318 with port 308.
Preferably, edges 320 of the non-countersunk portion 314 and/or 322 of boss 312 are bevelled to minimize piston hang up due to trapped air.
While the present invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present description is by way of example only and that modification and rearrangement of the parts is possible within the spirit and the scope of the present invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims
I claim:
1. A pressurized fluid operated shift actuator assembly (230) for an auxiliary transmission section (14) of a compound transmission (10) including a main transmission section (12) having engaged and not engaged positions connected in series with said auxiliary transmission section, said auxiliary transmission section including a selectable high speed ratio (direct) and a selectable low speed ratio (reduction), each engageable by a synchronized jaw clutch assembly (92/128), switch means (98/98A) for selecting a desired auxiliary section ratio, an actuator (220) fluidly connected to a first selectively pressurized and exhausted conduit (224C) and to a second selectively pressurized and exhausted conduit (222C), pressurization of said first conduit and exhaust of said second conduit causing said actuator to urge said synchronized clutch assembly to engage said high speed ratio and pressurization of said second conduit (222A) and exhaust of said first conduit causing said actuator to urge said synchronized clutch assembly to engage said low speed ratio, said actuator defining a body in which a piston (221) is axially movable between a high speed and a low speed position thereof, a common source (234) of pressurized fluid, an exhaust (EX), a slave valve (238) responsive to said switch having a first position for pressurizing said first conduit and exhausting said second conduit and a second position for pressurizing said second conduit and exhausting said first conduit, an interlock assembly (256) for preventing movement of said piston from the high speed or low speed positions thereof when said main transmission is engaged and preventing movement of said main transmission from the neutral position when said auxiliary section is not engaged in the high or low speed ratios thereof; said piston defining a first piston face (224A/318) and a larger second piston face (224B/310) for fluid communication with said first conduit (224C), pressurization of said first and of said second faces urging said piston towards the high speed position thereof, said piston defining a third piston face (222A) and a larger fourth piston face (222B) for fluid communication with said second conduit (222C), pressurization of said third and of said fourth faces urging said piston towards the low speed position thereof, said first and third faces, respectively, in constant fluid communication with said first and second conduits, respectively, fluid communication between said second face and said first conduit blocked when said piston interlocked in the low speed range position and fluid communication between said fourth face and said second conduit blocked when said piston interlocked in the high speed range position.
2. The actuator assembly of claim 1 wherein movement of said piston from the low speed toward the high speed position thereof will cause said second face to be in fluid communication with said first conduit and movement of said piston from the high speed toward, the low speed position thereof will cause said fourth face to be in fluid communication with said second conduit.
3. The actuator assembly of claim 1 or 2 wherein said fluid is compressed air.
4. The actuated assembly of claim 1 or 2 wherein said auxiliary section is a range section.
5. The actuator assembly of claim 3 wherein said auxiliary section is a range section.
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