Dispensing Valve for Packaging

The present invention relates to product packaging, and in particular to a self-sealing valve for fluid products, and the like.

Many different types of packages or containers are presently available for packaging non-solid products of the type which are capable of flowing, such as fluid or fluidized materials, including liquids, pastes, powders, and the like, which substances are collectively and generically referred to herein as "fluids". Some such packages include a dispenser which permits a selected amount of fluid to be discharged from the package, and then reseals to close the package.

Self-sealing dispensing valves have been used in packaging for certain types of products, such as the container disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,006 to Drobish et al, which is designed for shampoos, conditioners, and the like. However, such valves have been known to experience some types of sealing problems, and inconsistent dispensing characteristics, particularly when the packages are exposed to significant temperature variations.

Valves constructed from most conventional plastic materials cannot be used in at least certain types of packages, since they either react with or adulterate the product. For instance, in food packaging, care must be taken to avoid the use of valve materials which might contain any type of toxin. Furthermore, active ingredients in products can cause the valve to either embrittle or soften, thereby ruining the designed flow rate and/or self-sealing characteristics of the valve.

Liquid silicone rubber valves have recently been used in some types of packaging, and have proven particularly advantageous since the material is inherently quite inert, and will therefore not either adulterate or react with the packaged product. Examples of such packaging are provided in applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,655 to Brown. Although liquid silicone rubber possesses many attributes for use in packaging, it also has other characteristics which render such applications problematic. For example, the surfaces of liquid silicone rubber parts are extremely tacky or sticky, having a very high coefficient of friction. As a result, in attempting to attach a dispensing valve to a container by a conventional threaded collar arrangement, the surfaces of the valve flange will stick tightly to the adjacent surfaces of the container and collar before the collar can be tightened securely enough to create a leak-resistant seal. Tightening of the collar often causes the valve flange, as well as the entire valve to distort from its designed shape, thereby preventing the formation of a secure seal, and/or changing the intended dispensing and sealing characteristics of the valve.

Another drawback associated with the us of liquid silicone rubber in dispensing valves for product packaging is that there is presently no available adhesive capable of connecting the valve to a container in a manner that will withstand the operating pressures to which the valve and container are repeatedly subjected. The unique imperforate nature of the surfaces of the liquid silicone rubber valve precludes the use of conventional adhesives. Hence, the attachment of the liquid silicone rubber valve to a container in a manner that will not leak, and will withstand repeated pressurization and depressurization of the dispensing package is an important consideration.

Another problem experienced with prior dispensing packages relates to achieving a proper design balance between the package container, valve, and fluid product, so that the product can be repeatedly dispersed without requiring excess force, and will neatly discharge only that amount of product which is desired by the user, particularly in keeping with the type of product involved. For instance, when dispensing highly concentrated fluid products, such as hand soaps, and the like, the user will typically require only a small amount or dollop of soap per application to achieve satisfactory results. In contrast, when using other types of fluid products, such as skin moisturizers, tanning formulas, and the like, larger quantities of product are typically required by the user for each application. The ability of the valve to quickly and readily open in response to moderate pressure on the container is important, as is the ability of the valve to quickly and securely close when the pressure has been released. Also important is the amount of pressure which must be maintained on the container to sustain fluid through the valve once the valve is opened. The ability to quickly and accurately achieve a proper balance between all of these factors is very desirable in designing dispensing packages.

One aspect of the present invention is a dispensing package for fluid products and the like, comprising a container having a dispensing valve mounted therein. The dispensing valve includes a marginal flange which seals about a discharge opening of the container, and a valve head with an orifice therethrough which opens and closes in response to the application and release of a predetermined discharge pressure to control fluid flow therethrough. The valve includes a connector sleeve having one end connected with the valve flange, and an opposite end connected with the valve head adjacent a marginal edge thereof. The connector sleeve has a resiliently flexible construction, whereby when pressure within the containers raised above the predetermined discharge pressure, the valve head shifts outwardly in a manner which causes the connector sleeve to double over and then extend rollingly, and thereby apply a torque to the valve head which assists in opening the orifice.

Another aspect of the present invention is a dispensing valve for fluid product packaging and the like, having a marginal valve flange shaped to seal about a discharge opening of the container. The valve includes a valve head having a marginal edge, interior and exterior sides, and an orifice extending therebetween which opens to permit fluid flow therethrough in response to communication with a predetermined discharge pressure, and closes to shut off fluid flow therethrough upon removal of the predetermined discharge pressure. A connector sleeve with a resiliently flexible construction, has one end connected with the valve flange, and the opposite end connected with the valve head adjacent to the marginal edge thereof, whereby when pressure in excess of the predetermined discharge pressure is applied to the interior side of the valve head, the valve head shifts outwardly in a manner which causes the connector sleeve to double over and then extend rollingly, and thereby apply a torque to the valve head which assists in opening the orifice.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a dispensing package for fluid products and the like, comprising a container having a dispensing valve mounted therein for controlling the flow of fluid product from the container. The dispensing valve includes a marginal valve flange, a valve head with an orifice which permits fluid flow therethrough, and a connector sleeve having one end connected with the valve flange, and an opposite end connected with the valve head adjacent a marginal edge thereof, such that the dispensing valve assumes a generally hat-shaped, side elevational configuration which normally projects inwardly toward the interior of the container. The connector sleeve has a resiliently flexible construction which permits the valve head to shift outwardly through the valve flange by doubling over the connector sleeve, which then extends rollingly outwardly.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a dispensing valve, comprising a marginal valve flange, and a valve head with an orifice therethrough which selectively opens to permit fluid flow in response to communication with a predetermined discharge pressure. The valve head is configured such that it assumes a generally convex orientation when the orifice is open. The dispensing valve also includes a connector sleeve, which has a resiliently flexible construction, with one end connected with the valve flange, and an opposite end connected with the valve head adjacent the marginal edge thereof, whereby when pressure in excess of the predetermined discharge pressure is applied to the interior side of the valve head, the valve head shifts outwardly in a manner which causes the connector sleeve to double over and then extend rollingly, and thereby apply a torque to the valve head which resiliently snaps the valve head into its convex orientation to quickly and fully open the orifice.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a self-sealing dispensing valve for fluid product packaging and the like, comprising a marginal valve flange, and a valve head with an orifice therein which selectively permits fluid flow through the valve. The interior side of the valve head has an outwardly curving arcuate side elevational shape defined by a first radius, while the exterior side of the valve head has an outwardly curving arcuate side elevational shape defined by a second radius, which is less than the first radius. A connector sleeve is provided with a resiliently flexible construction, and has one end connected with the valve flange, and the opposite end connected with the valve head.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a self-sealing dispensing valve for fluid product packaging and the like, comprising a marginal valve flange, and a valve head having a discharge opening therein to selectively permit fluid flow. The valve head includes a exterior side having an outwardly curving arcuate side elevational shape defined by a first radius, and an interior side with a center portion having a generally flat side elevational shape, and a marginal portion having an outwardly curving arcuate side elevational shape defined by a second radius, which is greater than the first radius. The discharge orifice extends from the center portion of the exterior surface to the interior surface of the valve head to achieve easy and complete opening of the discharge orifice when the predetermined discharge pressure is applied thereto, and secure and complete closing of the discharge opening when the predetermined discharge pressure is released.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a dispensing valve for fluid product packaging, comprising a marginal valve flange, and a valve head having an orifice therein which opens to permit fluid flow therethrough in response to a predetermined discharge pressure, and closes to shut off fluid flow therethrough upon removal of the predetermined discharge pressure. The dispensing valve includes a substantially imperforate rolling diaphragm positioned between and interconnecting the valve flange and the valve head, which has a flexible construction which permits the valve head to shift between a retracted position on an interior side of the marginal flange for storage, and an extended position on an exterior side of the marginal flange for dispensing. When pressure in excess of the discharge pressure is applied to the container, the valve head first shifts to the extended position, and then opens the orifice to discharge the fluid product therethrough. Upon release of the pressure, the orifice first closes to shut off the flow of fluid product therethrough, and the valve head then shifts to the retracted position for storage.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a valve, comprising a marginal valve flange, and a valve head having a marginal edge, interior and exterior sides, and an orifice extending therebetween which in response to communication with a predetermined discharge pressure, shifts to a fully open position to permit fluid flow therethrough. A connector sleeve is provided, having a resiliently flexible construction, with one end connected with the valve flange, and an opposite end connected with the valve head adjacent the marginal edge thereof, which permits the valve head to shift with respect to the marginal valve flange in a manner which causes the connector sleeve to double over and then extend rollingly, and thereby apply an outwardly directed torque to the valve head which tends to open the orifice. The valve head is configured with a plan shape which expands or dilates as the orifice is shifted to the fully open position, which expansion is resisted by the connector sleeve, so as to inwardly compress the valve head, which inward compression and torque applied to the valve head by the connector sleeve combine to resiliently maintain the orifice in the fully open position, whereby that pressure required to maintain fluid flow through the orifice is substantially less than the predetermined threshold pressure, so as to provide greater ease of dispensing and flow control.

The principle objects of the present invention are to provide a dispensing package which is capable of easily and neatly dispensing a wide variety of different types of fluid products. The dispensing package include a self-sealing valve which is matched with both the container and the type of fluid product to be dispensed, so as to quickly and securely seal, yet readily and fully open when the user applies modest pressure to the container. The valve includes a resiliently flexible connector sleeve which is configured to double over and then extend rollingly so as to apply a torque to the valve head which assists in opening the orifice. The connector sleeve has sufficient flexibility that pressure increases in the interior of the container, such as those caused by thermal expansion, are offset by shifting the valve head on the connector sleeve, so as to alleviate excess pressure on the orifice. The connector sleeve is also configured to provide sufficient flexibility that any misalignment and/or distortion of the valve flange when attached to the associated container are not transmitted to the valve head, thereby permitting unhindered opening and closing of the orifice. The connector sleeve is also configured to provide sufficient flexibility that shock impact forces, and the like applied to the container are absorbed by shifting the valve head on the connector sleeve, so as to avoid inadvertent opening of the valve orifice. The valve is configured to provide a generally constant flow rate therethrough, even when exposed to a relatively wide range of container pressures. For those products wherein a substantial amount of material is typically dispensed per application, the valve is configured such that once the orifice is shifted open, the amount of pressure required to maintain fluid flow through the orifice is reduced, so as to provide greater ease of operation, without sacrificing secure sealing of the valve. The dispensing package is extremely versatile, and particularly adapted for use in conjunction with bottom dispensing containers, and other similar packaging. The valve is very durable, while having reduced manufacturing costs, and an uncomplicated design. The overall package is efficient in use, economical to manufacture, capable of a long operating life, and particularly well adapted for many different proposed uses.

These and other advantages of the invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following written specification, claims and appended drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dispensing package embodying the present invention, wherein a portion thereof has been broken away to reveal a self-sealing valve mounted in a bottom portion of an associated container.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the dispensing package, wherein a portion thereof has been broken away to reveal the valve, which is shown in a fully retracted and fully closed position.

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the dispensing package, wherein a portion thereof has been broken away to reveal the valve, which is shown in a fully extended and fully open position.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary top view of the valve.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged, side elevational view of the valve.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in the fully closed and fully retracted position.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed, and partially retracted position.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed and partially extended position.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed and fully extended position.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed and fully extended position, wherein a valve head portion which is shown beginning to snap outwardly.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed, and fully extended position, wherein the valve head portion of which is shown continuing to snap outwardly.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully open, and fully extended position, wherein the valve head portion of which is shown snapped fully outwardly.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged, bottom plan view of the valve shown in the position illustrated in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed, and partially extended position abutting a container closure.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the valve installed in an associated container, with the valve shown in a fully closed and fully extended position abutting an alternative container closure.

For purposes of description herein, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "rear", "front", "vertical", "horizontal", and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as oriented in FIGS. 1-3. However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative orientations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts defined in the appended claims. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly state otherwise.

The reference numeral 1 (FIG. 1) generally designates a dispensing package embodying the present invention. Dispensing package 1 is particularly adapted for dispensing fluid products, such as liquid soaps, household cleaners, polishes, moisturizing creams, foodstuffs, and the like, and includes a container 2 with a self-sealing dispensing valve 3 mounted therein. Valve 3 includes a marginal flange 4, a valve head 5 with a discharge orifice 6 therein, and a connector sleeve 7, having one end connected with valve flange 4, and the opposite end connected with valve head 5 adjacent a marginal edge thereof. Connector sleeve 7 has a resiliently flexible construction, such that when pressure within container 2 is raised above a predetermined amount, valve head 5 shifts outwardly (FIGS. 8-15) in a manner which causes connector sleeve 7 to double over and then extend rollingly.

The illustrated container 2 (FIGS. 1-3) is particularly designed for bottom dispensing, and includes a generally flexible, oblong container body 12 supported on a substantially rigid base 13. Container body 12 is preferably integrally molded from an appropriate synthetic resin material or the like, so as to create a one-piece construction that includes oppositely oriented sidewalls 14 and 15, a top 16 and a bottom 17. The container sidewalls 14 and 15 are laterally flexible to pressurize and depressurize the interior of container 2, and preferably have sufficient resilience or stiffness that they automatically return to their original shape upon release of any external forces which are applied to container 2 to dispense a fluid product 18 therefrom.

The illustrated container bottom 17 (FIGS. 2 and 3) includes a downwardly opening neck 20, which defines a discharge opening 21 about which the marginal flange 4 of valve 3 is positioned. As best illustrated in FIG. 7 and 8, the free end of neck 20 includes an annularly shaped groove 22 having a general L-shaped longitudinal cross-sectional configuration, which is shaped to closely, receive the marginal flange 4 of valve 3 therein. Container base 13 includes a valve retainer ring 23 positioned adjacent groove 22, and attached to container body 12 by a snap lock arrangement 24. Container base 13 (FIGS. 2 and 3) has a substantially flat bottom 25 adapted to abuttingly support dispensing package 1 on an associated surface, such as a countertop, sink, worksurface, or the like. Neck groove 22 is located inwardly of the bottom 25 of container base 13, so as to position valve 3 in a generally recessed condition within dispensing package 1, as explained in greater detail hereinafter.

With reference to FIGS. 4-6, the illustrated self-sealing dispensing valve 3 has an integrally formed, one-piece construction. Valve 3 is preferably molded from a resiliently flexible material, and in the illustrated example comprises a silicone rubber which is substantially inert so as to avoid reaction with and/or adulteration of the fluid product being packaged. In one working embodiment of the present invention, valve 3 is produced at relatively high speeds through the molding of liquid silicone rubber.

The illustrated marginal flange portion 4 (FIGS. 4-6) of valve 3 has an annular plan shape, and a substantially L-shaped cross-sectional configuration, comprising an inner edge 30, an outer edge 31, a bottom 32, and a top 33 with an outer rim 34 upstanding therefrom. Marginal valve flange 4 has substantial thickness between the bottom 32 and top 33 which is resiliently compressed upon attachment of retainer ring 23 to form a secure leak-resistant seal therebetween. The rim portion 34 of valve flange 4 positively locks valve 3 in neck groove 22 to prevent any radial movement therebetween.

The illustrated head portion 5 (FIGS. 4-6) of valve 3 has a circular plan shape, and a generally tapered construction which is thicker at the radially outside portion of valve head 5, and thinner at the radially inside portion thereof. This tapered construction assists in achieving the snap open/snap close action of valve 3, as described below. More specifically, in the illustrated example, valve head 5 has an exterior side or surface 38, which has an arcuately shaped side elevational configuration which opens or curves outwardly, toward the exterior of dispensing package 1, and is defined by a first, predetermined radius. Valve head exterior surface 38 extends continuously between the interior sidewalls of connector sleeve 7. Valve head 5 also includes an interior side or surface 39, which has a marginal portion 40 with an arcuately shaped side elevational configuration which opens or curved outwardly, toward the exterior of dispensing package 1, and is defined by a second predetermined radius. The radius of marginal portion 40 on interior surface 39 is larger than that of exterior surface 38, such that the two surfaces converge toward the center of valve head 5, and provide the above-noted inwardly tapered construction of valve head 5. The interior surface 39 of valve head 5 also includes a center portion 41, which has a circular plan shape, with a substantially planar or flat side elevational configuration, oriented generally perpendicularly to discharge orifice 6. The center portion 41 of valve head 5 assists in improving the opening and closing characteristic of valve 3, as set forth below. The outer perimeter of valve head 5 is defined by a circular marginal edge 42, which begins at the outer edge 43 of marginal portion 40, and extends outwardly therefrom with a slight outward taper, ultimately merging into connector sleeve 7. The intersection of the marginal portion 40 and the center portion 41 of valve head 5 defines a circular edge 44. The outside diameter of valve head 5, as measured along marginal edge 42 is substantially smaller than the inside diameter of marginal flange 4, as measured along inner edge 30. As explained in greater detail below, this spacing between valve head 5 and marginal flange 4 permits valve head 5 to shift freely in an axial direction through the center of marginal flange 4.

The illustrated connector sleeve portion 7 (FIGS. 4-6) of valve head 5 is in the form of a rolling diaphragm, having a hollow circular plan configuration, and a generally J-shaped longitudinal cross-sectional shape, comprising a cylindrical sidewall portion 45, and a radially outwardly extending base portion 46. Connector sleeve 7 has interior and exterior surfaces 47 and 48 respectively, which are spaced equidistantly apart along the length thereof, such that connector sleeve 7 has a substantially uniform thickness. One end portion 49 of connector sleeve 7 is connected with the exterior surface 38 of valve head 5 adjacent the marginal edge 42 thereof, and the opposite end portion 50 of connector sleeve 7 is connected with the inner edge 30 of marginal valve flange 4. The interior surface 47 of connector sleeve 7 adjacent end 49 is positioned substantially coplanar and contiguous with the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5, while the opposite end 50 of connector sleeve 7 is connected with marginal valve flange 7 at a medial portion of inner edge 30, such that the base portion 46 of connector sleeve 7 flares in a radially inwardly direction from marginal valve flange 46, and also protrudes outwardly toward the exterior of dispensing package 1 at an arcuate portion 51 of connector sleeve 7. The arcuately flared shape of connector sleeve portion 51 assists connector sleeve 7 in first doubling over, and then rollingly extending as valve head 5 shifts outwardly in the manner described in greater detail below. The marginal attachment point of end 49 of connector sleeve 7 to valve head 5, as well as its associated geometry, increases the effectiveness of torque forces which assist in snapping valve 3 open, as discussed hereinafter. The exterior surface 48 of sleeve side wall 45 at end 49 of connector sleeve 7 intersects the exterior surface 38 of valve head 5 at an angle which defines a circular edge 52. In the illustrated example, the exteriormost area of sleeve arcuate portion 51 is disposed substantially in-line with or slightly interior of the bottom 32 of marginal flange 4, so as to facilitate fabrication. The length of connector sleeve 7 is preferably selected sufficiently short to prevent the same from folding in behind valve head 5 when valve head 5 is in the fully extended position (FIGS. 10-14), thereby avoiding interference with the retraction of valve head 5, which is explained in detail below.

The illustrated one-piece valve 3 has a hat-shaped side elevational configuration in its original, normal condition, wherein valve head 5 assumes a generally concave shape. The resilient flexibility of connector sleeve 7 permits the same to double over and then extend rollingly in the manner described hereinafter. Connector sleeve 7 acts as a rolling diaphragm with valve head 5 mounted at the center thereof in a manner which permits valve head 5 to shift or float freely inwardly and outwardly in an axial direction with respect to the opening 21 in container neck 20.

In the illustrated example, discharge orifice 6 (FIGS. 4-6) has a cross-slit construction which includes two, intersecting linear slits 55 and 56 that extend through the opposite sides 38 and 39 of center portion 41. The illustrated slits 55 and 56 are oriented in a mutually perpendicular relationship, and have their opposite ends 55a and 55b positioned slightly inwardly from the outer edge 44 of center portion 41. Orifice slits 55 and 56 define four flaps or pedals 57 which flex inwardly and outwardly to selectively permit the flow of fluid product through valve 3. Slits 55 and 56 are preferably formed by slicing through the center portion 41 of valve head 5, without removing any substantial amount of material therefrom, so that the opposite side faces 58 and 59 (FIGS. 13 and 14) of valve flaps 57 closely seal against one another when discharge orifice 6 is in its normally, fully closed position. The length and location of slits 55 and 56 can be adjusted to vary the predetermined opening and closing pressures of valve 3, as well as other dispensing characteristics of dispensing package 1. The side faces 58 and 59 of each valve flap 57 intersect at their free ends to define an end edge 60. That portion of valve head 5 disposed between marginal portion 40, marginal edge 42, slit ends 55a and 55b and exterior surface 38 defines a ring portion 61 of the valve head 5, which functions in the manner described in detail hereinafter.

It is to be understood that orifice 6 may assume many different shapes, sizes and/or configurations in accordance with those dispensing characteristics desired. For example, orifice 6 may comprise a single slit, particularly when smaller or narrower streams are desired. Orifice 6 may also include three or more slits, particularly when larger or wider streams are desired, and/or the fluid product contains aggregates, such as some types of salad dressings, and the like. Other forms of orifices 6, such as holes, duck bills, etc. may also be incorporated into valve 3.

Self-sealing dispensing valve 3 is preferably especially configured for use in conjunction with a particular container 2, and a specific type of fluid product, so as to achieve the exact dispensing characteristics desired. For example, the viscosity and density of the fluid product are both important factors in designing the specific configuration of valve 3, as is the shape, size, and strength of container 2, particularly when dispensing package 1 is configured for bottom dispensing. The rigidity and durometer of the valve material, and size and shape of both valve head 5 and connector sleeve 7 are also important in achieving the desire dispensing characteristics, and should be carefully matched with both the container 2 and fluid material 18 to be dispensed therefrom.

One working embodiment of the present invention is particularly designed to dispense fluid household products therefrom, such as dishwasher detergents, liquid soap, moisturizing creams, foodstuffs, and the like. When such fluid product materials are to be dispensed from a blow molded, polypropylene container with valve 3 positioned at the bottom 4 thereof for bottom dispensing, one specific valve 3 found to be particularly suited is as follows. The outside and inside diameters of marginal valve flange 4 are 0.7000 and 0.5802 inches respectively, while the outside diameter of the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 is 0.4391 inches, and the outside diameter of center portion 41 is around 0.2212 inches. The thickness of connector sleeve 7 is approximately 0.0130 inches, and has an overall height, as measured from the bottom 32 of marginal flange 4 to the edge 52 of valve head 5 of 0.1159 inches. The radius of valve head exterior surface 38 is 0.2900 inches, while the radius of the marginal portion 40 of interior surface 39 is 0.0350 inches. Hence, the total thickness of valve head 5 at marginal edge 42 is around 0.0778 inches and around 0.0350 inches at the middle of center portion 41. The overall height of valve 3, as measured from the bottom 32 of marginal flange 4 to the top of center portion 41 is approximately 0.2402 inches. Slits 55 and 56 have a length of around 0.2200 inches, and are centered squarely in valve center portion 41. The valve is molded integrally from a liquid silicone rubber of the type manufactured under the trademark "SILASTIC SR" by Dow Corning Corporation.

Experimental tests conducted on valves having the above-identified specific dimensions and characteristics indicate that valve 3 snaps open when exposed to a pressure inside container 2 equal to approximately, 25-28 inches of water. That pressure which causes valve 3 to snap open is generally referred to herein as the predetermined dispensing or opening pressure. Valve 3 will automatically snap closed when the interior pressure of container 2 drops below a pressure equal to approximately 16-18 inches of water. That pressure which causes valve 3 to snap closed is generally referred to herein as the predetermined closing pressure. While the noted valve 3 is open, a substantially constant flow or stream of fluid product is discharged through orifice 6, even when extra pressure is exerted on container 2.

It is to be understood that according to the present invention, valve 3 may assume many different shapes and sizes, particularly in keeping with the type of container 2 and fluid product to be dispensed therefrom. The predetermined opening and closing pressures of valve 3 may be varied widely in accordance with those dispensing criteria desired for a particular product. Flow characteristics of the dispensed fluid product can also be adjusted substantially, such as for relatively wide column-like streams, thin needle-like streams, dollops, and the like.

In operation, dispensing package 1 functions in the following manner. Valve 3 normally assumes the inwardly protruding orientation illustrated in FIG. 7, wherein valve 3 remains substantially in its original molded shape without deformation, with connector sleeve 7 being fully retracted and discharge opening 6 being fully closed. When valve 3 is mounted in the bottom of container 2, as is shown in the illustrated bottom dispensing package 1, valve 3 is configured such that discharge orifice 6 will remain securely closed, even under the hydraulic head pressure applied thereto by the fluid product 18 when the container 2 is completely full.

When additional pressure is communicated with the interior of container 2, such as by manually flexing container sidewalls 14 and 15 inwardly, connector sleeve 7 functions as a rolling diaphragm, and permits valve head 5 to begin shifting axially outwardly toward the exterior of dispensing package 1 by doubling over connector sleeve 7, which then in turn, begins to extend outwardly in a rolling fashion, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The outwardly protruding J-shaped configuration of connector sleeve 7 assists in initiating this rolling motion of connector sleeve 7. The elastic deformation of connector sleeve 7 from its original molded shape (FIG. 7), generates a complex pattern of stresses within valve 3 which resiliently urges the same back into its original or normal configuration, which forces include an outwardly directed torque applied by connector sleeve 7 to valve head 5 adjacent marginal edge 42, which tends to resiliently urge discharge orifice 6 toward its open position, as described in greater detail below.

When additional pressure is communicated with the interior of container 2, as illustrated in FIG. 9, valve head 5 continues to shift axially outwardly by rolling connector sleeve 7 over upon itself. The marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 passes through the center of marginal valve flange 4.

When additional pressure is communicated with the interior of container 2, valve head 5 continues to extend outwardly toward the exterior of dispensing package 1 until connector sleeve 7 is fully extended, as illustrated in FIG. 10. When valve heads are in the fully extended position (FIG. 10), the stress forces built up in connector sleeve 7 cause the sidewall portion 45 of the connector sleeve 7 to assume a generally cylindrical shape concentric with and about the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5. Sidewall 45 of connector sleeve 7 is folded back 180 degrees from its original molded shape, to an orientation parallel with the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5, and defines an exterior lip or rim 65.

When additional pressure is communicated with the interior of container 2, as illustrated in FIG. 11, valve head 5 continues to shift outwardly. However, since connector sleeve 7 is fully extended, further outward shifting of valve head 5 longitudinally tenses or stretches connector sleeve 7, thereby increasing the outwardly directed torque applied to the valve head. 5. Also, the further outward movement of valve head 5 tends to flatten or straighten valve head 5, particularly along the exterior surface 38 thereof, as best illustrated in FIG. 11. This flattening motion tends to enlarge or dilate the circular plan configuration of valve head 5, which enlargement is in turn resisted by radially inwardly directed forces applied to the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 by connector sleeve 7, thereby generating another complex pattern of stresses within valve 3, which forces include those which tend to compress valve head 5 in a radially inward direction. Due to the tapered shape of valve head 5, the majority of compression strain is believed to take place adjacent the center portion 41 of valve head 5. As best illustrated by a comparison of the broken line figure and the full line figure provided in FIG. 11, when connector sleeve 7 is in the fully extended position, as shown in the broken lines, and additional pressure is communicated with the interior side 39 of valve 3, exterior rim 65 moves axially outwardly and radially outwardly as shown in the full lines of FIG. 11. The marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 is shown bent or elastically deformed inwardly as a consequence of the torque forces applied thereto by connector sleeve 7.

When additional pressure is communicated with the interior of container 2, as illustrated in FIG. 12, valve head 5 continues to shift outwardly by further longitudinal stretching of connector sleeve 7, and further enlargement of the plan shape of valve head 5. This motion is best illustrated by a comparison of the broken line figure and the full line figure provided in FIG. 12. Exterior rim 65 moves from the condition illustrated in FIG. 11, which corresponds to the broken line figure of FIG. 12, in an axially outwardly and radially outwardly fashion to the position shown in the full lines of FIG. 12. The marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 is shown more bent or elastically deformed inwardly, as a consequence of the increased torque forces applied thereto by connector sleeve 7. These combined forces and motions also serve to further compress valve head 5 into a state of bifurcation, as illustrated in FIG. 12, wherein the combined forces acting on valve head 5 will, upon application of any additional outward force on the interior side 39 of valve 3, cause the same to quickly open outwardly with a snapping motion to separate valve flaps 57 in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, and thereby dispense liquid product through discharge orifice 6. The bifurcation state of valve 3, as the term is used herein, is illustrated in FIG. 12, and defines a relatively unstable condition which valve 3 assumes immediately prior to opening into the fully open condition shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. As valve 3 passes through the bifurcation state shown in FIG. 12, the combined forces acting on valve head 5 are in a very temporary, unstable condition of equilibrium for a given moment, and then quickly shift valve head 5 into a generally convex shape, simultaneously opening orifice 6. In the bifurcation state shown by the full lines in FIG. 12, valve head 5 assumes the shape of a nearly planar disc, with exterior surface 38 cupped inwardly between rim 65 and flap edges 60, and interior surface 39 bent slightly outwardly toward the center of orifice 6.

The snap type opening of valve 3 is achieved, at least in part, by the torque exerted on valve head 5 by connector sleeve 7, which as noted in the example illustrated in FIG. 12, is sufficient to substantially distort the shape of the marginal edge 42 of valve head 5. When valve 3 assumes the fully extended and fully open position illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, valve flaps 57, as well as the associated rim portion 61 of valve head 5 are bent or elastically deformed outwardly, thereby permitting the rim 65 of valve head 5 to become smaller or constrict slightly. Valve flaps 57 tend to fold openly along lines extending between the ends 55a and 55b or orifice slits 55 and 56. The continued radial inwardly compression applied to valve head 5 by connector sleeve 7, in addition to the outwardly oriented torque applied thereto by connector sleeve 7, combine to keep discharge orifice 6 in the fully open position, even if the pressure communicated with the interior of container 2 is reduced. Hence, after discharge orifice 6 has been opened through the application of the predetermined opening pressure, that pressure which is required to maintain fluid flow through orifice 6 is reduced, or less than the threshold pressure, so as to provide greater dispensing ease and flow control. Since the resiliency of connector sleeve 7 serves to resist the dilating action of valve head 5, and thereby compresses the same to achieve a snap open/snap close motion, if the resiliency of connector sleeve 7 is varied somewhat, such as by making connector sleeve 7 thicker or thinner, the amount or degree of snap action can be thereby adjusted for any specific application. Similarly the resilient strength of ring 61 can be adjusted to accomplish the desired snap action.

The combined compressive and torque forces acting on valve head 5 by connector sleeve 7 open valve flaps 57 to a generally predetermined configuration, such that the rate of flow through discharge orifice 6 remains substantially constant, even though significant pressure differences are applied to container 2. As best illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, after valve 3 passes through the bifurcation state shown in FIG. 12, in the direction of opening, it quickly and positively assumes the fully open condition shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, wherein the end edges 60 of valve flaps 57 diverge radially outwardly, such that discharge opening 6 assumes a star shaped plan configuration, as best seen in FIG. 14. The marginal edge 42 of valve head 5 rotates or pivots inwardly somewhat under the pressure of fluid product 18, and the resilient torque applied thereto by connector sleeve 5, which continues to resiliently urge valve 3 back toward its original molded shape (FIG. 7). Connector sleeve 7 remains tensed both axially and circumferentially under outwardly directed forces generated by the pressures within container 2, as well as the dynamic flow of fluid product through orifice 6. The geometry of the illustrated valve 3, particularly in the shape of valve head 5 and connector sleeve 7, serve to force valve 3 into the configuration shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 whenever orifice 6 is snapped opened.

When pressure within the interior of container 2 is reduced, discharge orifice 6 will still remain open in substantially the fully open position shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, until the pressure reaches the preselected closure pressure, at which point, the forces developed in connector sleeve 7 through elastic deformation from its original molded shape (FIG. 7), pulls valve head 5 inwardly, back through the bifurcation state, and into the concave orientation shown in FIG. 10, thereby positively and securely closing discharge orifice 6 with a snapping action, similar to that action by which discharge orifice 6 opened. The snap closing motion of valve head 5 serves to close orifice 6 very quickly and very completely, so as to sharply cut off the stream of fluid product being dispensed from package 1 without any drops or dribbles, even when very viscous and/or dense products are being dispensed. Valve 3 will continue to assume the fully closed, fully extended position illustrated in FIG. 10, until such time as the interior pressure in container 6 is further reduced, so as to permit the resiliency in connector sleeve 7 to shift valve head 5 back into the fully retracted, initial position illustrated in FIG. 7.

At least some of those valves 3 contemplated by the present invention have a relatively high predetermined closing pressure, such as in the nature of 17-18 inches of water, so that orifice 6 will snap securely closed even if container 2 does not provide any suck back, or negative pressure. Furthermore, the connector sleeve 7 of at least some such valves 3 is constructed to provide sufficient resiliency to automatically shift valve head 5 back to the fully retracted position (FIG. 7) without any suck back or negative pressure from container 2. Hence, valves 3 can be readily adapted for use in conjunction with containers which include collapsing bags, tubes or the like. Also, valves 3 are particularly adapted for bottom dispensing packages, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, where valve 3 normally supports a column of liquid product.

In many embodiments of dispensing package 1, container 2 will be designed with relatively stiff sidewalls 14 and 15 which resume their original shape after being squeezed. In such embodiments, the suck back of air into container 2 after dispensing fluid product therefrom is typically desired to prevent collapsing the container 2, and thereby facilitate continued ease of dispensing until container 2 is completely empty. When valve 3 is in the fully closed and fully retracted position (FIG. 9), the concave configuration of valve head 5 permits orifice 6 to readily open inwardly so that air can be sucked back into the interior of container 2, yet positively prevents orifice 6 from opening outwardly in a manner which would permit leakage. Hence, even relatively weak, thin walled containers 2 can be used with valve 3 without significant collapsing of container sidewalls 14 and 15.

With reference to FIG. 15, dispensing package 1 may be provided with a positive closure arrangement to prevent inadvertent discharge when dispensing package 1 is being transported, or the like, such as for initial shipping, travel, etc. The dispensing package 1 shown in FIG. 15 includes a sliding closure 70, which when closed, physically blocks the outward rolling extension of connector sleeve 7 and associated valve head 5. By constraining the outwardly extending motion of connector sleeve 7, valve head 5 is prevented from inverting into a convex configuration, and thereby keeps discharge orifice 6 fully closed. When closure 70 is slid sideways out from underneath valve 3, valve 3 is then free to reciprocate and open orifice 6 to dispense liquid product from container 2.

FIG. 16 is a partially schematic view of an alternative closure arrangement for dispensing package 1, wherein a removable cap 71 is provided for detachable connection with retainer ring 23 by conventional fastener means, such as a snap lock, hinge, etc. (not shown). The illustrated cap 71 has a generally flat exterior surface 72, an interior surface 73, and a cylindrical side wall 74, which is sized and shaped such that interior cap surface 73 abuts the rim 65 of valve 3 when valve head 5 is in its fully extended position. The central portion of cap interior surface 73 includes a inwardly projecting protuberance 75, which in the illustrated example, is generally in the form of a convex, semi-spherical node that extends inwardly toward valve 3 to a position adjacent to the cupped exterior surface 38 of valve 3. Node 75 is shaped to positively retain valve head 5 in a concave configuration, and thereby securely maintain orifice 6 fully closed.

The reciprocating motion of valve head 5 on rolling connector sleeve 7 provides dispensing package 1 with several important advantages. For example, connector sleeve 7 is preferably configured with sufficient flexibility that abnormal pressure increases developed within the interior of container 2, such as those caused by thermal expansion, or the like, are offset by the axial shifting motion of valve head 5 with respect to connector sleeve 7, so as to alleviate excess pressure on discharge orifice 6. In this manner, if dispensing package 1 were used in conjunction with a liquid soap or shampoo that was designed for hanging in an inverted condition in a shower or bath, when ambient temperatures within the shower rise, instead of communicating the associated pressure increases directly to discharge orifice 6 in a manner which might cause it to inadvertently open, valve head 5 shifts axially outwardly to relieve any such pressure, and thereby prevent any inadvertent leakage of the fluid product from dispensing package 1.

Another example of the benefits achieved by the rolling diaphragm action of connector sleeve 7 and axial reciprocating motion of valve head 5, is that connector sleeve 7 is preferably configured with sufficient flexibility that any misalignment and/or distortion of the valve flange 4, such as that experienced when attaching the valve to container 2, are not transmitted to valve head 5, thereby permitting unhindered operation of discharge orifice 6. As previously noted, due to the inherently sticky nature of liquid silicone rubber, the attachment of valves constructed from the same to a container 2 can be quite difficult, and ofttimes results in some type of unequal compression and/or distortion of the marginal flange 4 of valve 3. Without the rolling diaphragm action of connector sleeve 7, any such distortion is communicated directly to the valve head 5, which in turn distorts discharge orifice 6, and alters important design characteristics such as its predetermined opening pressure, closing pressure, flow rate, etc. The rolling diaphragm connector sleeve 7 associated with the present valve 3 tends to insulate or isolate valve head 5 from marginal flange 7, such that it can float freely, and thereby avoid such problems.

Yet another example of the benefits achieved by this aspect of the present invention is that connector sleeve 7 is preferably configured with sufficient flexibility that vibrations, shock impact forces, and the like applied to container 2 are absorbed and/or dampened by shifting valve head 5 on rolling connector sleeve 7, so as to avoid inadvertent opening of discharge opening 6. In the event dispensing package 1 is dropped onto the floor, slammed forcefully against a worksurface, or otherwise jarred or shook, the shock forces arising from the acceleration and/or deceleration of the fluid product within container 2 would otherwise be communicated directly with the discharge orifice 6, and tend to cause it to open inadvertently. However, the rolling connector sleeve 7 action of valve 3 serves as a cushion or shock absorber for such shock impact forces, and thereby greatly alleviates the chance for the inadvertent discharge of fluid product from dispensing package 1. In a similar manner, when dispensing container 1 is used for non-homogenous fluids, such as some types of salad dressings, or the like, which are typically shook prior to use, connector sleeve 7 assists in absorbing these vibrations, and thereby prevent leakage.

Yet another example of the benefits achieved by this aspect of the present invention is that connector sleeve 7 is preferably configured with sufficient flexibility that only very moderate pressures, substantially lower than the predetermined opening pressure of valve 3, are required to shift valve head 5 from the fully retracted position (FIG. 7) to the fully extended position (FIG. 10), thereby improving the dispensing "feel" of the package 1. When the user grasps container 2, even a very light squeeze on sidewalls 14 and 15 will rollingly extend connector sleeve 7 and valve head 5 to the fully extended and full closed position shown in FIG. 10, at which point valve head 5 halts momentarily and further movement of the fluid product is resisted until additional forces are exerted on container 2 which result in an internal pressure within container 2 greater than the predetermined opening pressure of valve 3. This motion of connector sleeve 7 and valve head 5 is sensed by the user through touch or feel, typically in the form of a vibration or ripple experienced in container sidewalls 14 and 15 when valve head 5 reaches the fully extended position (FIG. 10). This ripple motion signals the user that valve head 5 is fully extended, and that further pressure will cause valve 3 to snap open and dispense fluid product. When valve 3 snaps open and snaps closed, similar vibrations or ripples are communicated to the user through container sidewalls 14 and 15 to assist in achieving accurate flow control.

In the illustrated examples of dispensing package 1, valve 3 is mounted within container 2 in a manner which causes valve head 5 to shift between the fully retracted position shown in FIG. 7 wherein valve 3 is disposed wholly within the interior of container 2 for safely storing valve 3, and the fully extended discharge position shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 wherein valve head 5 and associated orifice 6 are disposed wholly outside container 2 for neatly dispensing the fluid product therethrough. By shifting valve head 5 between these two extreme positions, valve 3 can remain normally unexposed and secure within the container 2 when not in use, without sacrificing neatness when dispensing. Also, valve 3 is preferably positioned in container 2 so that the arcuate portion 51 of connector sleeve 7 is disposed adjacent the bottom 25 of container base 13, so that if dispensing package is slammed down onto a surface, abutment between valve 3 and the surface will prevent valve 3 from shifting to the fully extended position, and thereby keep orifice 6 closed to prevent inadvertent leakage.

Dispensing package 1 is extremely versatile, being capable of easily and neatly dispensing a wide variety of fluid products. The self-sealing valve 3 is matched with both the container 2 and the type of liquid product 18 to be dispensed therefrom, so as to quickly and securely seal, yet readily open upon manipulation by the user, without requiring excess pressure or forces. The resiliently flexible connector sleeve 7, which is configured to double over and extend rollingly, accommodates for thermal expansion within container 2, absorbs shock impact forces to the container, accommodates for any misalignment and/or distortion which might be applied to the valve flange in attaching the same to the container, and provides a unique dispensing feel which greatly facilitates accurate dispensing. Valve 3 is configured so that when orifice 6 snaps open, a generally constant flow rate is established therethrough, even when container 2 is subjected to a relatively wide range of pressures. Valve 3 is also preferably configured such that once discharge orifice 6 is open, the amount of pressure required to maintain fluid flow is reduced, so as to provide greater ease of operation and control, without sacrificing secure sealing. Dispensing package 1 is particularly adapted for bottom dispensing configurations, shake containers, and other similar packaging concepts, without leakage.

In the foregoing description, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the concepts disclosed herein. Such modifications are to be considered as included in the following claims, unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise.