US 5,205,180 AGrant
Manual Speed Selector of Automatic Vehicle Transmission
Issue Date:1993-04-27
•18 Claims
•12 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A manual speed selector of an automatic vehicle transmission, having a manual valve capable of being changed over by a shift lever, and shift valves capable of being changed over by controlling a plurality of solenoid valves. Hydraulic pressure is supplied to or discharged from frictional engagement devices by the changeover of the shift valves to automatically shift the transmission. The shift lever can be moved between an automatic shift mode position and a manual shift mode position, and a transitive position is provided between these two mode positions. At the transitive posion, the manual valve is set in a position such as to enable supply of hydraulic pressure to the frictional engagement devices. At the transitive position also, the transmission can be set in neutral state. In the manual shift mode the solenoid valves can be selectively turned on or off to effect engine braking.
Metadata
Assignee
- Aisin AW Co., Ltd.
Inventors
- Shuzo Moroto
- Shiro Sakakibara
- Mutumi Kawamoto
- Takesi Inuzuka
- Masahiro Hasebe
Application Information
Application Number:US 6118259
Filing Date:1990-11-07
Priority Date:1989-11-09
Art Unit:352
Classifications
IPC:
F16H 5904
Field of Search:
74866;335;473 R;869;625
Patent Drawings (12 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to a manual speed selector of an automatic vehicle transmission whereby the driver can select, by manual operation, a shift stage that he or she wishes to set.
Conventionally, as the shift lever is used to select a running range, e.g., a range shift lever is used to select a running range, e.g., a range D, a range S, and a range L, in an automatic vehicle transmission, a predetermined shift stage is automatically selected according to the vehicle speed and the throttle opening in each range, thereby automatically shifting the transmission. as the shift lever is moved along an I-shaped straight line pattern, a manual valve linked thereto in the hydraulic circuit is moved to selectively operate frictional engagement devices according to the selected range.
However, the shift speed that a driver wishes to select at a given operating state will vary according to the driver's individual preference, and the shift stage automatically selected by the automatic transmission does not always coincide with the shift stage the driver wishes to select. Manual transmissions are advantageous in this respect.
An automatic vehicle transmission has been provided which is arranged to enable manual speed changes and to enable the driver to select a shift stage (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-157855).
In this transmission, an H-shaped shift pattern similar to a pattern for manual shifting is formed so as to be connected to the conventional I-shaped pattern, shift stage positions for manual shifting are set in the H-shaped pattern, and a switch operated by the arrival of the shift lever is provided at each shift stage position. When the shift lever is moved from the I-shaped straight line pattern to one of the positions of the H-shaped pattern, the shift lever is disconnected from the manual valve of the hydraulic circuit, and frictional engagement devices are selected and operated by a signal supplied from the switch provided at the corresponding H-shaped pattern position to select the the corresponding shift stage.
In this type of manual speed selector for automatic vehicle transmissions, however, the shift lever is necessarily passed through the D range position in which automatic shifting is effected, when the shift lever is moved from the I-shaped straight line pattern to the H-shaped pattern. However, a problem in that the driver will feel a difference between the shifting operation and the motion of the vehicle is encountered. For example, if the shift lever is moved from a range N to a first speed position in the H-shaped pattern, the shift therebetween is effected via a first speed in the range D, that is, the first speed is selected after creep-starting. Also, a manual shift for starting in second speed must be effected via the first speed in the range D and the driver does not feel good responsiveness to manual shifting. In the case of a shift from, for example, a fourth speed to the range N, the shift also involves automatic shifting in the range D, and the same problem is encountered.
In this type of manual speed selector for automatic vehicle transmissions, however, the size of the shift lever assembly is increased and the operation of the shift lever is complicated owing to an increase in shift positions, because the I-shaped straight line pattern and the H-shaped pattern are simply combined. In addition, the function of each position cannot be clearly understood by the driver, and there is a possibility of driver confusion in selecting the shift position.
Summary of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a manual speed selector for an automatic vehicle transmission capable of enabling the driver to have an appropriate feeling of the shifting that he or she wants as well as enabling the transmission to be manually shifted.
To achieve this object, according to the present invention, there is provided a mechanism having a manual valve positioned by a shift lever, and shift valves controlled by a plurality of solenoid valves, wherein hydraulic pressure is supplied to or is discharged from frictional engagement devices by changeover of the shift valves to automatically shift the transmission.
The shift lever can be moved between an automatic shift mode position and a manual shift mode position, and a transitive position is provided between the automatic shift mode position and the manual shift mode position. At the transitive position, the manual valve is set so as to enable supply of hydraulic pressure to the frictional engagement devices and to enable a neutral state. In the manual shift mode, engine braking can be effected by controlling the solenoid valves.
According to the present invention, a manual shift is not effected via any range D shift stage in the conventional manner; rather, a manual shift can be effected by shifting via a transitive position at which the neutral or each shift stage can be maintained. At the transitive position, therefore, the neutral or each shift stage selected immediately previously can be maintained.
The shift lever assembly in accordance with the present invention is not constructed by simply combining an I-shaped straight line pattern for an automatic transmission and an H-shaped pattern for manual shifting; rather, it is simplified by removing, for example, a second range and a range L and while providing only a range D for the forward running range at the time of automatic shifting. In this case, however, if the function of the range D is the same as the conventional automatic shifting functions, the engine brake cannot work at some shift stage when the vehicle runs downhill. The transmission in accordance with the present invention is therefore designed to enable engine braking in a manual shift stage. The difference between the fixed shift stages and automatic shift stages is thereby made definite and an appropriate shift feeling that the driver wants can be obtained by a simple operation.
Brief Description of Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a shift lever assembly of a manual speed selector for an automatic vehicle transmission in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the mechanical portion of the automatic vehicle transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a hydraulic circuit for controlling the automatic vehicle transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the operation of the automatic vehicle transmission of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a manual valve disconnection device;
FIG. 6 is a side view in the direction of the arrow C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7(a) to 7(h) are diagrams of the operation of the manual valve disconnection device shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7(a) to 7(d) are cross-sectional views taken along the line A--A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7(e) to 7(h) are cross-sectional views taken along the line B--B in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a control unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a control process;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a shift position discrimination process;
FIG. 11(a) to 11(f) are diagrams of manual shift information; and
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a neutral control process.
Description of Preferred Embodiment
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 2 shows the construction of an automatic vehicle transmission in accordance with the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, a five-speed automatic transmission 21 has a torque converter section 22, a four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23 constituting a main shift gear unit, and an underdrive mechanism section 25 constituting a sub shift gear unit.
The torque converter section 22 has a torque converter 26, and a lock-up clutch 27. The torque of an engine crankshaft 28 is transmitted to an input shaft 29 through a fluid coupling or by mechanical connection of the lock-up clutch 27.
The four-speed shift gear mechanism section 23 has a single planetary gear unit 30 and a dual planetary gear unit 31. In the two planetary gear units 30 and 31, a carrier CR and a sun gear S are integrally formed. The input shaft 29 is connected to a ring gear R1 of the single planetary gear unit 30 through a first clutch C.sub.1 and is also connected to the sun gear S through a second clutch C.sub.2.
The sun gear S is directly braked by a brake B.sub.1. A second brake B.sub.2 prevents the sun gear S from rotating in one direction by means of a first one-way clutch F.sub.1. A ring gear R2 of the dual planetary gear unit 31 is connected to the input shaft 29 through a third clutch C.sub.0. A third one-way clutch F.sub.0 for stopping the sun gear S so that the number of revolutions of the sun gear S does not exceed the number of revolutions of the input shaft 29 is interposed between the input shaft 29 and the sun gear S. The carrier CR is connected to a counter drive gear 32 which serves as an output for the four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23.
The underdrive mechanism section 25 has a single planetary gear unit 33. A ring gear R3 of the single planetary gear unit 33 is connected to a counter driven gear 35 in constant engagement with the counter drive gear 32, and a carrier CR3 is connected to an output pinion 36.
Further, a sun gear S3 is prevented by a fourth one-way clutch F.sub.4 from rotating in one direction and is braked by a fourth brake B.sub.4.
The sun gear S3 is connected to the carrier CR3 through a fourth clutch C.sub.3. The output pinion 36 is connected to left and right front axles 39r and 39l through a differential mechanism 37.
FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a hydraulic circuit for controlling the automatic vehicle transmission in accordance with the present invention.
A hydraulic circuit 40 includes hydraulic servos C0, C1, C2, and C3 for the clutches shown in FIG. 2, and other hydraulic servos B1, B2, B3 and B4 for the brakes also shown in FIG. 2. The hydraulic circuit 40 also includes a manual valve 10, a spool 10a for movement in the manual valve 10 to transmit pressure in each range, a 1-2 shift valve 11 constituting a first shift valve, a 3-4 shift valve 12 constituting a second shift valve, a 2-3 shift valve 13 constituting a third shift valve, a 4-5 shift valve 16, and a B3 changeover valve 17.
First to third solenoid valves S.sub.1 to S.sub.3 are also provided. The first solenoid valve S.sub.1 serves to control the 1-2 shift valve 11 and the 3-4 shift valve 12. The second solenoid valve S.sub.2 serves to control the 2-3 shift valve 13, and the third solenoid valve S.sub.3 serves to control the 4-5 shift valve 16 and the B3 changeover valve 17.
There are also provided a lock-up control valve 60, a fourth solenoid valve S.sub.4 for controlling the lock-up control valve 60 with respect to the duty ratio, and a lock-up modulator valve 61 for stabilizing the fourth solenoid valve S.sub.4.
There are further provided a primary regulator valve 63, a secondary regulator valve 65, a low modulator valve 69, a cooler 70, a cooler bypass valve 71, a throttle valve 72 for freely controlling hydraulic pressure, operated by a linear solenoid valve S.sub.5, a solenoid modulator valve 73, a B1 sequence valve 74, and an accumulator control valve 75. The torque converter 26 and the lock-up clutch 27 and a hydraulic pump P are also connected to this hydraulic circuit.
There are further provided the following pressure regulating valves and accumulators. Pressure regulating valves 76a, 76b, 76c, and 76d and accumulators 77a, 77b, 77c, and 77d are provided to operate in association with the second brake hydraulic servo B2, the third brake hydraulic servo C0, the fourth clutch hydraulic servo C3, and the first brake hydraulic servo B1, respectively. An accumulator 77e is provided for the first clutch hydraulic servo C1, and an accumulator 77f is provided for the second clutch hydraulic servo C2. A case mount type accumulator 80 is provided which communicates with the fourth brake hydraulic servo B4.
In the five-speed automatic transmission 21 having this construction, the first to fourth solenoid valves S.sub.1 to S.sub.4 of the hydraulic circuit 40 are operated according to the range selected by the manual valve 10 to effect predetermined operations of the clutches C.sub.0 to C.sub.3, the brakes B.sub.1 to B.sub.4 and the one-way clutches F.sub.0 to F.sub.3, as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. 4, thereby setting a range P (parking), a range R (reverse), a range N (neutral), each of first to fifth speeds in a range D (forward), a transitive neutral (N), or a manual first speed.
In a range D first speed state (1st position), the first solenoid valve S.sub.1 is off, i.e., in a supplying state, the second solenoid valve S.sub.2 is on, i.e., in a draining state, and the third solenoid valve S.sub.3 is off, i.e., in a draining state. Accordingly, the 1-2 shift valve 11 and the 3-4 shift valve 12 are in upper half positions as viewed in FIG. 3, while the 2-3 shift valve 13, the 4-5 shift valve 16 and the B3 changeover valve 17 are in lower half positions as viewed in FIG. 3.
In this state, a line pressure oil passage La and an oil passage Da communicate with each other through the manual valve 10, and the line pressure thereof is supplied to the first clutch hydraulic servo C1 through an oil passage Db, the 4-5 shift valve 16, and an oil passage Dc. The line pressure in the line pressure oil passage La is also supplied to the fourth brake hydraulic servo B4 through the 2-3 shift valve 13 and a line pressure oil passage Lb. The first clutch C.sub.1 is thereby engaged and the fourth brake B4 is thereby operated in the five-speed automatic transmission 21.
At this time the torque of the input shaft 29 is transmitted to the ring gear R1 of the single planetary gear unit 30 through the first clutch C.sub.1. At this time also, the rotation of the ring gear R2 of the dual planetary gear unit 31 is stopped by the second one-way clutch F.sub.2. The common carrier CR therefore rotates in a normal direction at a speed greatly reduced while rotating the sun gear S in the reverse direction, and the torque of the carrier CR is transmitted from the counter drive gear 32 to the counter driven gear 35 of the underdrive mechanism section 25. In the underdrive mechanism section 25, the fourth brake B4 and the fourth one-way clutch F.sub.3 are operated so that the first speed of the whole of the five-speed automatic transmission 21 is obtained by the cooperation of the four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23 in the first speed state and the underdrive mechanism section 25.
In the range D second speed state (2nd position), the first solenoid valve S.sub.1 in the first speed state is turned on and changed over to a draining state. Then the 1-2 shift valve 11 and the 3-4 shift valve 12 are changed over to lower half positions so that the line pressure is supplied to the second brake hydraulic servo B2 through the oil passage Da, the 1-2 shift valve 11 and an oil passage Dd. In this state, therefore, the second brake B.sub.2 is operated simultaneously with the engagement of the first clutch C.sub.1.
As the second brake B.sub.2 is operated, the B1 sequence valve 74 is changed over to the upper half position by the hydraulic pressure supplied through an oil passage Dh, so that oil passage Df and Dg communicate with each other. The first brake hydraulic servo B1 is operated by the pressure supplied through the 3-4 shift valve 12, 1-2 shift valve 11, the oil passage Dh, the 4-5 shift valve 16, and an oil passage Di.
The rotation of the sun gear S is stopped by the operation of the first one-way clutch F.sub.1 based on the second brake B.sub.2 and by the first brake B.sub.1. By the torque of the ring gear R1 transmitted from the input shaft 29, therefore, the ring gear R2 of the dual planetary gear unit 31 is rotated in the normal direction and the carrier CR is rotated in the normal direction at a reduced speed. The torque of the carrier CR is transmitted from the counter drive gear 32 to the counter driven gear 35 of the underdrive mechanism section 25. The four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23 in the second speed state and the underdrive mechanism section 25 cooperate to establish the second speed of the five-speed automatic transmission 21.
In a range D third speed state (3rd position), the second solenoid valve S.sub.2 in the second speed state is turned off and changed over to a supplying state. Then the line pressure in the oil passage Da is applied to a right control oil chamber of the 2-3 shift valve 13 so that the 2-3 shift valve is changed over to the upper half position. The line pressure of the line pressure oil passage La is thereby supplied to the fourth clutch hydraulic servo C3 through the shift valve 13 and a line pressure oil passage Lc. At this time the fourth brake hydraulic servo B4 is set in a drained state. The fourth brake B.sub.4 is thereby released and the fourth clutch C3 is thereby engaged to establish a direct connection with the underdrive mechanism section while maintaining the four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23 in the second speed state. Consequently, third speed for the five-speed automatic transmission 21 can be obtained by the combination of the four-speed automatic shift gear mechanism section 23 in the second speed state and the underdrive mechanism section 25 directly connected to each other.
In a range D fourth speed state (4th position), the first solenoid valve S.sub.1 in the third speed state is turned off and changed over to the supply state. Then the line pressure is applied to a right control oil chamber of the 3-4 shift valve 12 so that the 3-4 shift valve 12 is changed over to the upper half position. The line pressure is also supplied to a right control oil chamber of the 1-2 shift valve 11. Since the line pressure is previously applied to a left control oil chamber of this shift valve and since this pressure acts in cooperation with the urging force of a spring, the 1-2 shift valve 11 is restrained in the lower half position.
The range D pressure is therefore supplied to the third clutch hydraulic servo C0 via the 1-2 shift valve 11, the oil passage Da, the 3-4 shift valve 12, and an oil passage Dk. The third clutch C.sub.0 is thereby engaged simultaneously with the engagement of the first clutch C.sub.1 and the fourth clutch C.sub.3 and the operation of the second brake B.sub.2.
At this time the torque of the input shaft 29 is transmitted to the ring gear R1 of the single planetary gear unit 30 through the first clutch C.sub.1 and to the ring gear R2 of the dual planetary gear unit 31 through the third clutch C.sub.0. Accordingly, the elements of the planetary gear units 30 and 31 are integrally rotated to transmit the torque from the carrier CR to the counter drive gear 32 at the same speed as the input shaft 29. A fourth speed output at the same rotational speed as the input shaft 29 is obtained through the output pinion 36 by the combination of the torque of the counter drive gear 32 and direct connection of the underdrive mechanism section 25.
In a range D fifth speed state (5th position), the solenoid valve S.sub.3 in the fourth speed state is turned on and changed over to a supply state. Then the 4-5 shift valve 16 is changed over to an upper half position, the first clutch hydraulic servo C1 is drained through a drain port, and the line pressure is supplied to the first brake hydraulic servo B1 through the oil passage Da, the 4-5 shift valve 16 and the oil passage Di, thereby operating the first brake B.sub.1.
At this time, the torque of the input shaft 29 is transmitted to the ring gear R2 of the dual planetary gear unit 31 through the third clutch C.sub.0 while the sun gear S is stopped. The carrier CR therefore rotates at high speed while racing the ring gear R1 of the single planetary gear unit 30 at an increased speed. The high speed torque of the carrier CR is transmitted as an overdrive torque to the counter drive gear 32. This overdrive torque acts in cooperation with the underdrive mechamism section 25 in the directly connected state to provide the fifth speed of the five-speed automatic transmissin 21.
The above-described operation is performed in an automatic shift mode. According to the present invention, a predetermined shift stage is set by the combination of on and off states of the above-described solenoid valves when a manual shift mode signal is received. The first speed stage in a manual shift mode, however, is different from that in the automatic shift mode while the other shift stages are equal to those in the automatic shift mode.
That is, during running in the automatic shift mode, the brake for each one-way clutch is operated for braking at the corresponding shift stage except for the first speed stage, thereby preventing engine braking failure due to a free state of the one-way clutch. However, if the first speed is selected during downhill running, the second one-way clutch F.sub.2 is freed and there is no engine braking.
To avoid this problem, when the first speed is selected in the manual shift mode, the third solenoid valve S.sub.3 is turned on and changed over to the supply state, control pressure is supplied to the B3 changeover valve 17 through an oil passage Dn, thereby changing over the B3 changeover valve 17 to the upper half position. The control pressure is thereby applied to a left control oil chamber of the 3-4 shift valve 12 through the oil passages Da and Dp so that the 3-4 shift valve 12 is changed over to the lower half position. As a result, the line pressure is supplied to the third brake hydraulic servo B3 via the oil passage Da, the B3 changeover valve 17, an oil passage Dq, a low modulator valve 69, an oil passage Dr, the 3-4 shift valve 12, an oil passage Ds and the 1-2 shift valve 11, thereby operating the third brake B.sub.3 and enabling engine braking.
According to the present invention, a manual shift is not effected via any D range shift stage in the conventional manner. In other words, manual shift can be effected without shifting through any D Range shift stage. For this manual shift, a neutral state is provided in which the driving force of the engine is not transmitted to the transmission while the manual valve 10 of the hydraulic circuit 40 is in a D range position, as shown at (N) of the operation table of FIG. 4.
That is, the first solenoid valve S.sub.1 is turned on and set in the draining state, the second solenoid valve S.sub.2 is turned off and set in the supply state, and the third solenoid valve S.sub.3 is turned on and set in the supply state, so that the 1-2 shift valve 11 and the 3-4 shift valve 12 are set in the lower half positions while the 2-3 shift valve 13 and the 4-5 shift valve 16 are set in the upper half positions. The clutches C.sub.0, C.sub.1, and C.sub.2 are thereby released and the neutral state is established.
The operation in the range P, R, or N is as shown in FIG. 4, and will not be described in detail in this specification.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shift lever assembly of a manual speed selector of the automatic vehicle transmission in accordance with the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the shift lever assembly 100 has a shift lever 101 for changing over the running ranges and the shift stages in accordance with the driver's will, and a guid plate 102 for guiding the shift lever 101 longitudinally or laterally.
In the guide plate 102 is formed a guide slit 103 which comprises a slit 104 extending in a lateral direction, four slits 105 to 108 each extending continuously from the slit 104 in an upward longitudinal direction, and two slits 109 and 110 each extending continuously from the slit 104 in an downward longitudinal direction. The shift lever 101 can be moved along the guide slit 103. The ranges P, R, and N are assigned to the slit 105, the first speed stage is assigned to the slit 106, the third speed stage is assigned to the slit 107, the fifth speed stage and the range D are assigned to the slit 108, the second speed stage is assigned to the slit 109, and the fourth speed stage is assigned to the slit 110.
If the fifth speed stage and the range D are assigned to the slit 108 as in this arrangement, they are discriminated between by an automatic/manual selection switch (not shown). Alternatively, a slit to which the range D is independently assigned may be formed below the slit 105, or the slit 105 for the ranges P, R, and N may be formed below the slit 108 as a continuation thereof.
Next, a manual valve disconnection device will be described below.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the manual valve disconnection device, FIG. 6 is a side view in the direction of the arrow C of FIG. 5, and FIGS. 7(a) to 7(h) are diagrams of the operation of the manual valve disconnection device. FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are cross-sectional views taken along the line A--A of FIG. 5, and FIGS. 7(e) to 7(h) are cross-sectional views taken along the line B--B of FIG. 5.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, a bracket 111 is attached to a valve body in which the hydraulic circuit 40 shown in FIG. 3 is accommodated. A connection rod 112 connected to the spool 10a of the manual valve 10 is slidably attached to the bracket 111. A fixed shaft 113 is attached to the bracket 111. A first link member 114 is pivotally and rotatably supported at its one end on the fixed shaft 113. A second link member 115 is rotatably and slidably supported at its one end on the fixed shaft 113. An engaging groove 113b and an engaging step portion 113a are formed on the fixed shaft 113, as shown in FIGS. 7(a).
The other end of the first link member 114 is pivotally and rotatably attached to one end of the connection rod 112. An engaging piece 117 having an engaging hole 116 is formed integrally on an intermediate portion of the first link member 114.
The second link member 115 has a perpendicularly bent shape. A moving shaft 118 parallel to the fixed shaft 113 is slidably inserted into the second link member 115, and an engaging rod 119 is inserted in and fixed to a lower portion of the second link member 115. As shown in FIG. 7(a), an engaging groove 118a is formed in the moving shaft 118, and ball 120 is fitted between the moving shaft 118 and the fixed shaft 113 at this groove.
A third link member 121 is pivotally attached to the moving shaft 118 and the engaging rod 119. The shift lever 101 is fixed to the third link member 121.
The operation of the thus-constructed manual valve disconnection device will be described below with reference to FIG. 7.
When the shift lever 101 is at the position for the range P, R, or N shown in FIG. 1, the second link member 115 is linked with the moving shaft 118 while being slidable on the fixed shaft 113 because ball 120 is fitted in the engaging groove 118a of the moving shaft 118 as shown in FIGS. 7(a) to 7(e), and the engaging rod 119 is fitted in the engaging hole 116 of the first link member 114. In this state, as the shift lever 101 is moved to the position P, R and N as shown in FIG. 5, the connection rod 112 is moved by the rotation of the shift lever 101 through the third link member 121, the engaging rod 119 and the first link member 114, so that the spool 10a of the manual valve 10 shown in FIG. 3 is set in the position corresponding to each range.
When the shift lever 101 is further moved from the position N to the position of the slit 104 in the longitudinal direction as shown FIG. 1, the spool 10a of the manual valve 10 is set to the position corresponding to the automatic shifting range D.
As the shift lever 101 is laterally moved from this position along the slit 104, the second link member 115 and the moving shaft 118 are moved together to the right as shown in FIGS. 7(b) to 7(f) since the ball 120 is fitted in the engaging groove 118a of the moving shaft 118, and the engaging rod 119 is disengaged from the engaging hole 116 of the first link member 114. In this state, the spool 10a of the manual valve 10 is maintained in the position corresponding to the automatic shifting range D. As the shift lever 101 is further moved laterally along the slit 104, the second link 115 is brought into abutment with the engaging step portion 113a of the fixed shaft 113. At this position, the shift lever 101 can be moved into the slit 106 or 109 shown in FIG. 1 to be set in a position corresponding to the first speed or second speed stage.
If the shift lever 101 is further moved laterally along the slit 104, the ball 120 is fitted in the engaging groove 113b of the fixed shaft 113 and only the moving shaft 118 is moved to the right to a position shown in FIGS. 7(c) and 7(g), since the second link member 115 is fixed. At this position, the shift lever 101 can be moved into the slit 107 or 110 shown in FIG. 1 to be set in the position corresponding to the third or fourth speed stage. If the shift lever 101 is further moved laterally along the slit 104, only the moving shaft 118 is moved to the right to a position shown in FIGS. 7(d) and 7(h). At this position, the shift lever 101 can be moved into the slit 108 shown in FIG. 1 to be set in the position corresponding to the range D or the fifth speed stage.
Thus, when in the manual valve disconnection device the shift lever is moved from the position N shown in FIG. 1 to the lateral slit 104, the manual valve 10 is in the position corresponding to the range D, but the state (N) of the range D shown in FIG. 4, i.e., a neutral state in which the power of the engine is not transmitted to the transmission is provided by controlling the solenoid valves S.sub.1 to S.sub.3.
In this specification of the present invention, the position of the shift lever 101 to which the shift lever 101 is moved from the position N to the slit 104 as shown in FIG. 1 and in which the shift lever 101 is not set in any of the shift stage positions is defined as the "transitive position".
The control of the manual speed selector of the automatic vehicle transmission in accordance with the present invention will now be described below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 12.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the construction of a control unit, FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a control process, FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a shift position discrimination process, FIGS. 11(a) to 11(f) are diagrams of manual shift information, and FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a neutral control process.
Referring to FIG. 8, various sensors: a T/M input revolution sensor 201 for detecting input speed of revolution of the automatic transmission, a vehicle speed sensor 202, a throttle opening sensor 203, and shift position sensors 204 are provided. The shift position sensors 204 serve to detect the positions of the shift lever 101 by being provided at the shift lever positions, i.e., a sensor in the slit 105 corresponding to the range P, R, or N, a sensor in the slit 106 corresponding to the first speed stage, a sensor in the slit 107 corresponding to the third speed stage, a sensor in the slit 108 corresponding to the fifth speed stage or the range D, a sensor in the slit 109 corresponding to the second speed stage, and a sensor in the slit 110 corresponding to the fourth speed stage. A manual selection switch 205 is also provided which is turned on if the driver wishes to perform manual shifting. The manual selection switch 205 is not necessary if the range D position is provided independently as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
Detection signals output from these sensors and switch are input into an electronic controller 206 and are processed by this controller by being compared with various categories of stored date and being descriminated based on a program. The electronic controller 206 then outputs signals to the transmission solenoid valves S.sub.1 to S.sub.3, the fourth solenoid valve S.sub.4 for the lock-up clutch, the linear solenoid valve S.sub.5 for hydraulic pressure control, and a display 207.
FIG. 9 a flow chart of data processing in the electronic controller 206.
In step 211, initialization of a RAM area, an I/O port, a timer, a counter and so on is effected.
In step 212, the vehicle speed and the rotational speed of input of the automatic transmission are calculated.
In step 213, the states of the shift position sensor 204 and the manual selection switch 205 are detected.
In step 214, a shift position discrimination process is conducted.
This process will be described below with refernce to FIG. 10.
In step 301, determination is made as to whether or not the position of the shift lever 101 corresponds to the range P, R, or N. If YES, the process proceeds to step 302 or, if NO, the process proceeds to step 303.
In step 302, an automatic shifting mode flag is set.
In step 303, determination is made as to whether or not the range D is selected. If the range D is selected, the process proceeds to step 304.
In step 304, determination is made as to whether or not the manual selection switch 205 is on. If YES, the process proceeds to step 305 or, if NO, the process returns to step 302.
If the range D position is provided independently as described above with reference to FIG. 1, step 304 is unnecessary.
Step 305 and subsequent steps are provided for manual shift mode processing.
In step 305, determination is made as to whether or not the position of the shift lever 101 corresponds to the fifth speed. If NO, the process proceeds to step 308 or, if YES, the process proceeds to step 306.
In step 306, a shift diagram MSL=5 shown in FIG. 11(a) and a lock-up diagram shown in FIG. 11(f) are selected as shift information MSL.
In step 307, a manual shift mode flag is set.
In subsequent steps 308 to 315, determination of fourth speed, third speed, second speed and first speed is effected in the same manner, shift diagrams MSL=4, 3, 2, 1 shown in FIGS. 11(b) to 11(e) and the lock-up diagrams shown in FIG. 11(f) are selected as shift information MSL, and a manual mode flag is set in step 307.
According to the manual shift information shown in FIGS. 11, the timing of engagement of the lock-up clutch is advanced to enable rapid shifting as shown in FIG. 11(f), while shifting can be effected smoothly according to well-known automatic shift information. Also, as shown in FIGS. 11(a) to (e), a shift-down range is provided with respect to each shift diagram to prevent the engine from overrunning if the transmission is shifted from the fifth speed to the first speed, for example.
If the first speed is not selected in step 314, the shift lever 101 is in the position to which it is laterally moved from the position N shown in FIG. 1 to the slit 104 and in which it is set in no shift stage, that is, the shift lever 101 is in the transitive position. In this case, determination is made again in step 317 as to whether or not the shift lever 101 is in the transitive position (N). If NO, it is determined that a failure has occurred, and failure detection processing of step 318 is conducted. If the shift lever 101 is in the transitive position, neutral control process of step 316 is conducted.
This process will be described below with reference to FIG. 12.
In step 323, determination is made as to whether or not the shift position selected immediately previously is neutral, i.e., the position corresponding to the range N. If YES, the process proceeds to step 329 and shift information MSL is set in N. If NO, the proces proceeds to step 324.
In step 324, determination is made as to whether or not the timer has been started. If YES, the process proceeds to step 326 or, if NO, the process proceeds to step 325 to start the timer.
In step 326, determination is made as to whether or not the timer measurement time is longer than a set time T.sub.1. If NO, the main processing is repeated or, if YES, the process proceeds to step 327.
In step 327, determination is made as to whether or not the vehicle speed is smaller than a set V. If NO, the main processing is repeated or, if the vehicle speed is smaller than the set speed, the process proceeds to steps 328 and 329.
In steps 328 and 329, the timer is stopped and shift information MSL is set in N.
After setting the shift information MSL to N, the state N in the range D shown in the operation table of FIG. 4 is established and by controlling the solenoid valves S.sub.1 to S.sub.3 in a later-described step 222 to prepare to establish the neutral state in which the power of the engine is not transmitted to the transmission. In a case where the shift lever 101 is in the transitive position for a short period within the set time, there is no need for establishing the neutral state, and the preceding shift information MSL is set as the prsent shift information MSL.
Subsequent processing will be described below by referring back to FIG. 9.
In step 215, the throttle opening (%) and eight throttle steps are calculated.
In step 216, in the case of automatic shift mode, shift information MSL including the well-known shift diagrams and the lock-up diagram previously stored is prepared or, in the case of manual shift mode, shift information MSL including the shift diagram and the lock-up diagram according to each shift stage selected in step 214 is prepared, and a shift and engagement of the lock-up clutch are determined from the vehicle speed already calculated and the throttle opening.
In step 217, the timing from shift determination to shift commanding at the time of shifting, the lock-up engagement timing and the line pressure control timing are set. In this case also, these timings are differentiated with respect to the automatic and manual shift modes so that the transmission is smoothly shifted in the automatic shift mode or is rapidly shifted in the manual shift mode.
In step 218, on/off duty control of the lock-up clutch is effected.
In step 219, detection of short-circuit failure or open failure of the fourth solenoid valve S.sub.4 for lock-up from the output from this solenoid valve and the input to the monitor circuit is effected.
In step 220, the line pressure control at the time of shifting is effected with the hydraulic control linear solenoid valve S.sub.5 by the shifting line pressure control timing determined in step 217.
In step 221, detection of short-circuit failure or open failure of each of the solenoid valves S.sub.1, S.sub.2, and S.sub.3 from the output from that solenoid valve and the input to the monitor circuit is effected.
In step 222, the solenoid valves S.sub.1, S.sub.2, and S.sub.3 are operated in accordance with the shift determination of step 216 and the shift timing determination of step 217.
In step 223, detection of a failure of the hydraulic control linear solenoid valve S.sub.5 from the input to the output monitor circuit is effected.
In step 224, a current corresponding to the necessary line pressure determined from the present gear ratio and the throttle opening is supplied to the hydraulic control linear solenoid valve S.sub.5.
In step 225, the transmission gear ratio is calculated from the input rotational speed and the vehicle speed and is compared with the gear ratios corresponding to the first to fifth speeds, and the start and the end of shifting of the transmission are detected.
In steps 226 and 227, the state of the transmission is displayed on the display unit.
It should be understood that the foregoing relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and that the claims are intended to cover all changes and modifications of the example of the invention herein chosen for the purposes of the disclosure, which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A manual speed selector for an automatic transmission for a vehicle having a plurality of frictional engagement elements and a torque converter, said automatic transmission providing a manual mode and an automatic mode of operation, said manual speed selector comprising: (a) shift lever means for providing: (i) a plurality of automatic shift mode positions in the form of a first pattern; (ii) a plurality of manual shift mode positions in the form of a second pattern; and (iii) a transitive position connecting said first and second patterns of shift positions, and including a shift lever for manual selection of a shift position in one of said patterns; (b) a hydraulic control system including: (i) a manual valve linked to said shift lever at least in said first pattern, for movement responsive to movement of said shift lever; (ii) a plurality of shifting solenoid valves turned on or off responsive to the selection of a shift position; (iii) a plurality of shift valves, operated by said solenoid valves, for selectively transmitting hydraulic pressure to at least one frictional engagement element to establish a shift stage; and (iv) a source of hydraulic pressure in hydraulic communication with the frictional engagement devices through said shift valves; (c) means for setting the manual valve to connect said hydraulic pressure source to at least one of the frictional engagement elements when said shift lever is placed in said transitive position; (d) manual valve disconnection means for disconnecting said manual valve from said shift lever responsive to movement of said shift lever within said transitive position away from said first pattern and toward said second pattern, whereby said manual valve is operatively disconnected from said shift lever in said plurality of manual mode shift positions; and (e) an electronic controller including manual mode control means for controlling operation of said solenoid valves to provide engine braking when a manual shift mode position is selected, with said shift lever operatively disconnected from said manual valve.
2. The manual speed selector of claim 1, wherein said second pattern is an H-shaped pattern and said first pattern is an I-shaped pattern.
3. The manual speed selector of claim 1 wherein said shift lever means further provides: (iv) a forward drive automatic shift mode position D.
4. The manual speed selector of claim 3 wherein said forward drive automatic shift mode position D coincides with a shift position in said second pattern.
5. The manual speed selector of claim 4 wherein said first pattern has only park P, reverse R and neutral N positions.
6. The manual speed selector of claim 3 wherein said forward drive automatic shift mode position D coincides with one of said manual shift positions.
7. The manual speed selector of claim 6 wherein said first shift portion has only park P, reverse R and neutral N positions.
8. The manual speed selector of claim 1, wherein said manual valve disconnection means comprises: (a) a fixed shaft; (b) a movable shaft, parallel to the fixed shaft and rotatably connected to said shift lever; (c) a link member rotatably connected to said fixed shaft and connected to said manual valve; and (d) engaging means for selectively connecting said movable shaft with said link member.
9. The manual speed selector of claim 1, wherein said torque converter has a lock-up clutch.
10. The manual speed selector of claim 1 wherein said electronic controller controls operation of said solenoid valves to provide engine braking in the manual mode, responsive to one or more sensed vehicle operation parameters.
11. A manual speed controller in accordance with claim 1 additionally comprising: at least one sensor for generating an operating condition signal representative of rotational speed of input to the automatic transmission, vehicle speed or throttle opening; and wherein said electronic controller receives and processes said operating condition signal for comparison with stored data and controls operation of said shifting solenoid valves in said manual mode in accordance with said comparison.
12. A manual speed controller in accordance with claim 11 additionally comprising a switch for manual selection of manual mode, said switch generating a manual mode signal received by said electronic controller.
13. A hydraulic control system for controlling operation of a plurality of frictional engagement devices for establishing various speed ranges in a vehicle transmission, either automatically in an automatic shift mode or in a manual shift mode responsive to manual shifting, said control system comprising: a manual valve and means for supplying hydraulic fluid pressure to the frictional engagement devices through said manual valve; shift lever means including a shift lever and a guide slit in which said shift lever moves, said guide slit including: (1) automatic shift portion for setting said shift lever in one of a plurality of automatic shift positions; (2) a manual shift portion for setting said shift lever in one of a plurality of manual shift positions; and (3) a transitive portion connecting said automatic shift portion with said manual shift portion; a plurality of shift lever position sensors including a shift lever position sensor associated with each of said manual shift positions for detecting the presence of the shift lever in the associated manual shift lever position and generating a manual shift signal; a plurality of shift valves for operating the frictional engagement devices and a plurality of solenoid valves for operating said shift valves to establish a shift stage corresponding to the selected shift position; manual valve disconnection means for disconnecting said manual valve from said shift lever responsive to movement of said shift lever within said transitive position away from said first pattern and toward said second pattern, whereby said manual valve is operatively disconnected from said shift lever in said second pattern; and an electronic controller including manual mode control means for controlling operation of said solenoid valves to provide engine braking when a manual shift position is selected, with said shift lever operatively disconnected from said manual valve.
14. The hydraulic control system of claim 13, wherein said automatic shift portion of said guide slit is a single straight section and said manual shift portion is H-shaped.
15. The manual speed selector of claim 13 wherein said shift lever means further provides: (iv) a forward drive automatic shift mode position D for selection of the automatic mode with forward running.
16. The hydraulic control system of claim 13 wherein said electronic controller controls operation of said solenoid valves to provide engine braking in the manual mode, responsive to one or more sensed vehicle operation parameters.
17. A hydraulic control system in accordance with claim 13 additionally comprising: at least one sensor for generating an operating condition signal representative of rotational speed of input to the automatic transmission, vehicle speed or throttle opening; and wherein said electronic controller receives and processes said operating condition signal for comparison with stored data and controls operation of said shifting solenoid valves in said manual mode in accordance with said comparison.
18. A hydraulic control system in accordance with claim 17 additionally comprising a switch for manual selection of manual mode, said switch generating a manual mode signal received by said electronic controller.
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