Styrene Copolymer and Process for Producing Said Copolymer

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to styrene copolymers and a process for producing said copolymers. More particularly, it is concerned with novel styrene copolymers in which the stereoregularity of the copolymer chain is mainly syndiotactic, and further which have reactive substituents; novel cross-linked styrene copolymer; and a process for efficiently producing the above styrene copolymers.

2. Background Art

Heretofore, as a reactive styrene copolymer, a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene has been known and used as a base material for ion exchange resins and so on.

The above copolymer, however, has a disadvantage in that it undergoes the cross-linking reaction at relatively low temperatures, thereby hardening and losing its reactivity, because it has the atactic configuration. Moreover, the copolymer, even after the cross-linking reaction, is unsatisfactory in physical properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance and so on, thus it is subject to various limitations in its practical use.

As a cross-linked styrene copolymer, a cross-linked copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene has heretofore been known. The above copolymer, however, is unsatisfactory in physical properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical strength and so on, because of its atactic configuration and thus is limited in application.

Syndiotactic polystyrene as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 104818/1987 is known as a styrene-based polymer having excellent heat resistance, but has a disadvantage of being poor in mechanical strength.

An object of the present invention is to provide novel reactive styrene copolymers excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance and so on.

Another object of the present invention is to provide novel cross-linked styrene copolymers excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical strength and so on.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a process for efficiently producing the above novel reactive styrene copolymers and cross-linked styrene copolymers.

That is the present invention provides styrene copolymers having a repeating unit (I) represented by the general formula (a): ##STR3## (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a group containing; a carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon atom, m is an integer of 1 to 3, R.sup.1 s may be the same or different when m is plural) and a repeating unit (II) represented by the general formula (b): ##STR4## (wherein R.sup.2 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing a terminal vinyl group and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and when n is 2, R.sup.2 s may be the same or different), and having the stereoregularity that is mainly syndiotactic.

The present invention also provides cross-linked styrene copolymers as obtained by cross-linking the above styrene copolymers.

The present invention further provides a process for producing the above styrene copolymers which comprises copolymerizing a styrene-based monomer (I) represented by the general formula (a'): ##STR5## (wherein R.sup.2 and m are the same as defined above) and a styrene-based monomer (II) represented by the general formula (b'): ##STR6## (wherein R.sup.2 and n are the same as defined above) in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) titanium compound and (B) aluminoxane as main components.

The present invention further provides a process for producing the above cross-linked styrene copolymers which comprises cross-linking the above styrene copolymers.

The styrene-based copolymers of the present invention are superior to the conventional reactive resins in heat resistance and chemical resistance, and the cross-linked styrene copolymers of the present invention are superior to the conventional cross-linked resins in heat resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical strength.

FIG. 1(a) is a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (.sup.1 H-NMR) spectrum of the styrene copolymer (not cross-linked) obtained in (2) of Example 1;

FIG. 1(b) is a .sup.13 C-NMR spectrum of the styrene copolymer (not cross-linked) obtained in (2) of Example 1; and

FIG. 2 is a .sup.1 H-NMR spectrum of the styrene copolymer (not cross-linked) obtained in Example 2.

The styrene copolymers of the present invention, as described above, comprise the repeating units (I) and (II). The repeating unit (I) is represented by the general formula (a). In the general formula (a), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine, bromine and iodine); or a carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon atom-containing group; and m is an integer of 1 to 3.

Specific examples of the repeating unit (I) are : a styrene unit; an alkylstyrene unit, e.g., a p-methylstyrene unit, a m-methylstyrene unit, an o-methylstyrene unit, a 2,4-dimethylstyrene unit, a 2,5-dimethylstyrene unit, a 3,4-dimethylstyrene unit, a 3,5-dimethylstyrene unit, a p-ethylstyrene unit, a m-ethylstyrene unit and a p-tert-butylstyrene unit; a halogenated styrene unit, e.g., a p-chlorostyrene unit, a m-chlorostyrene unit, an o-chlorostyrene unit, a p-bromostyrene unit, a m-bromostyrene unit, an o-bromostyrene unit, a p-fluorostyrene unit, a m-fluorostyrene unit, an o-fluorostyrene unit, and an o-methyl-p-fluorostyrene unit; an alkoxystyrene unit, e.g., a p-methoxystyrene unit, a m-methoxystyrene unit, an o-methoxystyrene unit, a p-ethoxystyrene unit, a m-ethoxystyrene unit, and an o-ethoxystyrene unit; a carboxyesterstyrene unit, e.g., a p-carboxymethylstyrene unit, a m-carboxymethylstyrene unit, and an o-carboxymethylstyrene unit; an alkyletherstyrene unit, e.g., a p-vinylbenzylpropyl ether unit; an alkylsilylstyrene unit, e.g., a p-trimethylsilylstyrene unit; a vinylbenzeneethyl sulfonate unit; a vinylbenzyldimethoxy phosphite unit; and units comprising two or more of the above units.

The repeating unit (II) is represented by the general formula (b). In the general formula (b), R.sup.2 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing a terminal vinyl group and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a methallyl group, a homoallyl group, a pentenyl group, a decenyl group and the like, and n is an integer of 1 or 2. Specific examples of the repeating unit (II) are a p-divinylbenzene unit, a m-divinylbenzene unit, a trivinylbenzene unit, a p-allylstyrene unit, a m-allylstyrene unit, a methallylstyrene unit, a homoallylstyrene unit, a pentenylstyrene unit, a decenylstyrene unit, and units comprising two or more thereof.

The proportion of the repeating unit (II) is not critical in the styrene-based copolymers of the present invention. It is usually from 0.1 to 50 mol % based on the copolymer, with the range of 1 to 15 mol % being preferred. Although the molecular weight of the copolymer is not critical, those having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 to 3,000,000, preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000 are suitably used.

The styrene copolymers (including cross-linked styrene copolymers) of the present invention have mainly a syndiotactic configuration (specifically a cosyndiotactic. configuration), that is, a stereo structure in which phenyl groups or substituted phenyl groups as side chains of the copolymer are located alternately in opposite positions relative to the copolymer main chain comprising carbon-carbon bonds. The syndiotacticity is quantitatively determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR method). More specifically, tacticity is determined by analyzing aromatic ring C.sub.1 carbon signals and methine-methylene carbon signals as measured by .sup.13 C-NMR (NMR spectrum using carbon isotope), or proton signals measured by .sup.1 H-NMR. The tacticity determined by the NMR method is indicated in terms of proportions of a plurality of repeating units continuously connected to one another, i.e., diad in which two repeating units are connected to each other, triad in which three repeating units are connected to one another, and pentad in which five repeating units are connected to one another.

The styrene copolymers (including cross-linked styrene copolymers) of the present invention generally have a syndiotactic structure with a proportion of at least 75%, preferably at least 85% in diad, or at least 30%, preferably at least 50% in pentad. The degree of syndiotacticity varies somewhat with the type of the substituent, the proportion of the repeating unit (II), and so on.

In the styrene copolymers (including cross-linked styrene copolymers) of the present invention, a syndiotactic arrangement (cosyndiotactic arrangement) exists not only between repeating units (I) and (I), and repeating units (II) and (II), but also between repeating units (I) and (II).

The styrene polymers of the present invention may be block copolymers, random copolymers, alternating copolymers, etc., having repeating units (I) and (II).

The styrene copolymers of the present invention include mixtures of the above specified styrene copolymers and a small amount of isotactic or atactic styrene polymers or copolymers, and styrene copolymers in which a small amount of isotactic or atactic styrene polymers or copolymers are incorporated in the above specified styrene copolymers.

The styrene copolymer (not cross-linked) having the desired stereoregularity and reactive substituent can be provided by copolymerizing monomers corresponding to the repeating units (I) and (II), or fractionating or blending the styrene copolymers obtained, or applying organic synthesis techniques.

The cross-linked styrene copolymer of the present invention can be obtained by cross-linking the above styrene copolymers having mainly a syndiotactic configuration. The cross-linked styrene copolymers are formed by cross-linking of the reactive substituent contained in the repeating unit (II). During the cross-linking reaction, the micro structure of the styrene copolymers remains unchanged and thus, even after the cross-linking reaction, the syndiotactic configuration is maintained.

The styrene copolymers (including cross-linked styrene copolymers) of the present invention can be produced by various methods. The process of the present invention permits the production of high quality styrene copolymers with greater efficiency.

In the process of the present invention, the styrene-based monomer (I) represented by the general formula (a') and the styrene-based monomer (II) represented by the general formula (b') are used as the starting materials. The styrene-based monomers (I) and (II), when copolymerized, constitute the repeating units (I) and (II), respectively. Thus, monomers corresponding to the specific examples of repeating units (I) and (II) as described above can be given as specific examples of the styrene-based monomers (I) and (II).

In accordance with the process of the present invention, the styrene-based monomers (I) and (II) are copolymerized in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) titanium compound and (B) aluminoxane as the main components.

Various titanium compounds can be used as component (A) of the catalyst. Titanium compounds and titanium chelate compounds represented by the general formula (III) or (IV) are preferably used:

wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, an acyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclopentadienyl group, a substituted cyclopentadienyl group, an indenyl group, or a halogen atom, a, b and c are each an integer of 0 to 4, and d and e are each an inteter of 0 to 3.

R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 of the general formula (III) or (IV) are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an amyl group, an isoamyl group, an isobutyl group, an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like), an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (specifically a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, an amyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, and the like), an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group (specifically a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a benzyl group and the like), an acyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (specifically a heptadecylcarbonyloxy group and the like), a cyclopentadienyl group, a substituted cyclopentadienyl group (specifically a methylcyclopentadienyl group, a 1,2-dimethylcyclopentadienyl group, a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group and the like), an indenyl group or a halogen atom, (e.g., chlorine, bromine, iodiene and fluorine). R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may be the same or different.

a, b and c are each an integer of 0 to 4, and d and e are each an integer of 0 to 3.

Specific examples of the tetravalent titanium compounds and titanium chelate compounds represented by the general formula (III) are methyltitanium trichloride, titanium tetramethoxide, titanium tetraethoxide, titaniummonoisopropoxy trichloride, titaniumdiisopropoxy dichloride, titaniumtriisopropoxy monochloride, tetra(2-ethylhexyloxy)titanium, cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride, biscyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride, cyclopentadienyltitanium trimethoxide, cyclopentadienyl trimethyltitanium, pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trimethoxide, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl trimethyltitanium, titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, bis(2,4-pentanedionate)titanium oxide, bis(2,4-pentanedionate)titanium dichloride, bis(2,4-pentanedionate)titanium dibutoxide, and the like. In addition, as the titanium compound of component (A), condensed titanium compounds represented by the general formula (V): ##STR7## (wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each a halogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an acyloxy group, and k is 2 to 20) may be used.

These titanium compounds may be used in the form of complexes with esters, ethers and the like.

Typical examples of the trivalent titanium compounds represented by the general formula (IV) which are to be used as component (A) are titanium trihalide such as titanium trichloride and the like, and cyclopentadienyltitanium compounds such as cyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride and the like. In addition, trivalent titanium compounds as obtained by reducing tetravalent titanium compounds can be used. These trivalent titanium compounds may be used in the form of complexes with esters, ethers and the like.

Aluminoxanes which are to be used as component (B) of the catalyst of the present invention are specifically alkylaluminoxane represented by the general formula (VI): ##STR8## (wherein R.sup.9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and p is 2 to 50).

These alkylaluminoxanes can be prepared by various methods. For example, (1) a method in which alkylaluminum is dissolved in an organic solvent and then contacted with water, (2) a method in which alkylaluminum is first added at the time of polymerization and then water is added, and (3) a method in which alkylaluminum is reacted with water of crystallization as contained in metal salts and the like, or water adsorbed in inorganic or organic materials. The above water may contain ammonia, amines such as ethylamine and the like, sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and the like, or phosphorus compounds such as phosphorous acid esters and the like in the proportion of less than 20%.

The catalysts to be used in the process of the present invention contain components (A) and (B) as the main components. The catalyst may contain other catalyst components, for example, trialkylaluminum represented by the general formula; AlR.sup.10.sub.3 (wherein R.sup.10 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), and other organometallic compounds, if necessary.

The ratio of component (A) to component (B) in the catalyst varies with the type of each catalyst component, the type of each of styrene-based monomer (I) of the general formula (a') and the styrene-based monomer (II) of the general formula (b') as the starting materials, and other conditions, and thus cannot be determined unconditionally. Usually, the molar ratio of aluminum contained in component (B) to titanium contained in component (A), i.e., aluminum/titanium is 1:1 to 1.times.10.sup.6 :1, with the range of 10:1 to 1.times.10.sup.4 :1 being preferred.

In accordance with the process of the present invention, the styrene-based monomers (I) and (II) are copolymerized in the presence of a catalyst containing components (A) and (B) as the main components. This copolymerization may be carried out in a bulk form, or in a solvent; e.g., aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane and the like, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and the like, or aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like.

Although the polymerization temperature is not critical, it is usually 0.degree. to 90.degree. C. and preferably 20.degree. to 70.degree. C.

The copolymerization reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen to effectively control the molecular weight of the styrene copolymer obtained.

The styrene copolymers obtained by the process of the present invention are of high syndiotacticity. High purity styrene copolymers having a markedly high syndiotacticity can be obtained by;(1) applying de-ashing treatment (removal of catalysts) with a cleaning solution containing, for example, hydrochloric acid after polymerization,(2) washing the styrene copolymers with water and drying under reduced pressure to remove a soluble content,(3)further washing with a solvent, e.g., methyl ethyl ketone and (4) treating the insoluble content with chloroform, for example.

Cross-linked styrene copolymers of the present invention can be produced by cross-linking the styrene copolymers as obtained above. The styrene copolymers (before cross-linking) have a reactive substituent linked to the repeating unit (II). Thus, upon addition of a suitable initiator (e.g., a cross-linking agent, a cross-linking auxiliary, a light sensitizer, and the like), or application of energy (irradiation by active energy rays such as X-ray, ultraviolet ray, visible light ray, electron ray, .gamma.-ray and the like, or heating), cross-linking proceeds easily and the desired cross-linked styrene copolymers can be obtained.

The micro structure of the styrene copolymer remains unchanged and the same syndiotactic configuration as before cross-linking is maintained in the cross-linking treatment as described above.

The present invention is described in greater detail with reference to the following examples.

Two hundred ml of toluene was placed in a reactor, and 47.4 ml (492 millimoles) of trimethylaluminum and 35.5 g (142 millimoles) of copper sulfate 5-hydrate (CuSO.sub.4.5H.sub.2 O) were added and reacted in a stream of argon at 20.degree. C. for 24 hours.

The copper sulfate was removed from the reaction mixture by filtration and the toluene was distilled away to obtain 12.4 g of methylaluminoxane. The molecular weight (measured by the cryoscopic method using benzene) of the methylalumonoxane was 721.

A hundred and eighty ml of toluene and 1.5 millimoles (as aluminum atom)of the methylaluminoxane obtained in (1) above were placed in a 1.4-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer, and then 0.15 millimole of tetraethoxytitanium was added. The resulting mixture was heated. At 50.degree. C., a mixture of 142.5 ml of styrene and 7.5 ml of a divinylbenzene-containing monomer consisting of a mixture of 66.1% by weight . of divinylbenzene (mixture of m- and p-substituted benzene) and 33.9% by weight of ethylstyrene (mixture of m- and p-ethylstyrene) was added and reacted for 2 hours. Then the reaction was stopped by adding methanol. Then a mixture of hydrochloric acid and methanol was added to decompose the catalyst component.

The amount of the styrene copolymer obtained above was 42.8 g. The styrene copolymer was washed with methyl ethyl ketone (containing 2% by weight of p-tert-butylcatechol) at 50.degree. C. for 2 hours, and the insoluble content was 99%. The methyl ethyl ketone-insoluble styrene copolymer was dissolved in chloroform to obtain a solution of the styrene copolymer in chloroform. The styrene copolymer soluble in chloroform had a weight average molecular weight of 360,000, a number average molecular weight of 110,000 and a melting point of 240.degree. C.

A thermal analysis using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a structural analysis using an infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR) and a nuclear magnetic resonace (NMR) analysis were made to show that the styrene copolymer obtained above was a heat-sensitive styrene copolymer having the syndiotactic configuration.

The styrene copolymer was found to have a melting point at 240.degree. C. in the first heating. In the DSC chart, an exothermal peak which was considered due to a thermal reaction was observed below or above the melting point shown in the first heating.

In the IR spectrum of the styrene copolymer, a peak assigned to the double bond remaining in the polymerization site of the divinylbenzene was observed at 1620 cm.sup.-1. The styrene copolymer was heated at 230.degree. C. for 20 minutes. An IR analysis of the heated styrene copolymer showed that the peak assigned to the above double bond at 1620 cm.sup.-1 disappeared. This indicates that the double bond portion entirely underwent cross-linking by the heat treatment.

A.sup.1 H-NMR spectrum of the styrene copolymer is shown in FIG. 1(a). Peak assignments are shown below. ##STR9##

The methylene and methine signals confirmed that the stereoregularity of the styrene copolymer was syndiotactic. The composition of the styrene copolymer as calculated based on the peaks was as follows: styrene unit, 85.6 mol %; divinylbenzene unit, 9.4 mol %; ethylstyrene unit, 5.0 mol).

A .sup.13 C-NMR spectrum of the styrene copolymer is shown in FIG. 1(b). Aromatic ring C.sub.1 carbon signals were observed at 145.1 ppm, 144.9 ppm and 142.3 ppm. These signals confirmed that the stereoregularity of the styrene copolymer was syndiotactic.

The above analytical results confirmed that the styrene copolymer was a heat-sensitive copolymer comprising a syndiotactic chain.

The styrene copolymer obtained in (2) above was dissolved in chloroform to prepare a 1% by weight chloroform solution of the styrene copolymer. The chloroform solution was cast to form a cast film, and the cast film was then heated at 230.degree. C. for 20 minutes. Observation of an IR spectrum of the cast film before and after the above heat treatment showed that the peak at 1620 cm.sup.-1 as assigned to the aromatic ring substituted double bond completely disappeared. This confirmed that the residual vinyl group contained in a proportion of 9.4 mol % underwent the cross-linking reaction. For the styrene copolymer after the heat treatment (cross-linked styrene copolymer), the weight average molecular weight was 4,500,000 and the number average molecular weight was 1,250,000, and the melting point was not observed up to 300.degree. C. The kinematic modulus of elasticity at room temperature of the cast film was 3.34.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2, which barely changed up to 250.degree. C.

A styrene copolymer was produced in the same manner as in (2) of Example 1 except that a mixture of 135 ml of styrene and 15 ml of a divinylbenzene-containing monomer was added. The amount of the styrene copolymer obtained was 35 g. Thereafter, the same tretment as in (2) of Example 1 was applied. The chloroform-soluble portion had a weight average molecular weight of 390,000, a number average molecular weight of 140,000 and a melting point of 213.degree. C.

A .sup.1 H-NMR spectrum of the styrene copolymer is shown in FIG. 2. The composition of the styrene copolymer as calculated from the peaks of the spectrum was as follows: styrene unit: 82.2 mol %; divinylbenzene unit: 13.0 mol %; ethylstyrene unit: 4.8 mol %.

A cast film was produced from the styrene copolymer in the same manner as in (3) of Example 1. Upon heat treatment of the cast film at 230.degree. C. for 20 minutes, all the residual aromatic ring substituent double bonds were cross-linked. The weight average molecular weight was 6,700,000, the number average molecular weight was 2,370,000, and the melting point was not observed up to 300.degree. C. The kinematic modulus of elasticity at room temperature of the cast film was 3.55.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2, which did not almost change up to 250.degree. C.

Sixty ml of toluene, 47.5 ml of styrene and 2.5 ml of a divinylbenzene-containing monomer (consisting of 66.1% by weight of divinylbenzene and 33.9% by weight of ethylstyrene) were placed in a 0.5-liter reactor equipped with a stirrer, and then radical polymerization was carried out at 60.degree. C. for 12 hours by the use of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. Thereafter, the same procedure as in (2) of Example 1 was applied to obtain a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer which was soluble in chloroform and had the atactic configuration. The styrene copolymer had a weight average molecular weight of 70,000 and a number average molecular weight of 39,000, but did not have a melting point.

A hundred ml of toluene and 40 millimoles (as aluminum atom) of the methylaluminoxane obtained in (1) of Example 1 were placed in a 0.5-liter glass container equipped with a stirrer, and then 0.05 millimole of cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride was added. Subsequently, at 20.degree. C., 180 ml of styrene was added and polymerized for one hour, and then methanol was injected to terminate the reaction. After that a mixture of hydrochloric acid and methanol was added to decompose the catalyst component.

The amount of the polystyrene (syndiotactic polystyrene) obtained was 16.5 g. The polystyrene had a weight average molecular weight of 280,000 and a number average molecular weight of 57,000. The polystyrene was extracted with methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent for 4 hours in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus, and the methyl ethyl ketone-insoluble content was 97% by weight. The methyl ethyl ketone-insoluble polystyrene had a melting point of 260.degree. C.

A 1% by weight solution of the syndiotactic polystyrene obtained in (1) above in chloroform was cast to form a cast film. The kinematic modulus of elasticity at room temperature of the cast film was 1.94.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2. On the other hand, the kinematic modulus of elasticity at room temperature of the case film which has been heated at 230.degree. C. for 20 minutes was 2.7.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2.

A cast film was produced in the same manner as in (3) of Example 1 from the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer obtained in Comparative Example 1. The cast film was then heated at 150.degree. C. The kinematic modulus of elasticity of the heated cast film at room temperature was 2.9.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2, but abruptly dropped when heated at a temperature in excess of 160.degree. C.

The styrene copolymers of the present invention are reactive resins (heat-sensitive resins and radiation-sensitive resins) having a syndiotactic configuration and are excellent in heat resistance and chemical resistance as compared with the conventional reactive resins. The styrene copolymers of the present invention, when heated, provide cross-linked products which can be used as base materials for ion exchange resins, and furthermore are effective as base materials for use in the production of functional polymers (e.g., polymer catalysts) by bonding various compounds to the vinyl group as the side chain.

The cross-linked styrene copolymers of the present invention are cross-linked resins having a syndiotactic configuration and are excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical strength as compared with the conventional cross-linked resins. Thus the cross-linked styrene copolymers of the present invention can be widely and effectively used as base materials for ion exchange resins and functional polymers (e.g., polymer catalysts and the like), and further as various construction materials and so on.