US 5,121,100 AGrant
Brake Light
Issue Date:1992-06-09
•5 Claims
•20 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A brake light, particularly for a vehicle other than an automobile, that operates using minimal energy from the vehicle. A first embodiment teaches a brake light using inertial change to initiate its operation. A second embodiment uses a magnetic sensor to determine the speed of a rotating wheel and initiates operation of the brake light when the speed of the rotating wheel decreases by a predetermined amount.
Metadata
Inventor
- Joseph S. Gallo
Application Information
Application Number:US 4310365
Filing Date:1989-11-03
Priority Date:1989-11-03
Art Unit:268
Classifications
IPC:
B60Q 150G08B 2100
Field of Search:
34020011467;466;479;463;464;441;669-671;67261.45 R;61.45 M;52 A;61.52;61.12
Patent Drawings (20 sheets)
Description
Introduction
This invention relates to a brake light for a vehicle and, more particularly, to a brake light for a vehicle which operates using a minimal amount of energy from the vehicle.
Background of the Invention
The mandatory use of brake lights on a vehicle allows the operator of a following car to govern his speed accordingly. Brake lights are far more likely to be perceived as indicating a change in speed of the vehicle than does the decrease in vehicle speed.
There are, of course, brake lights used which light when the brakes of a vehicle are applied. These lights use the battery power of the vehicle and are generally initiated through a simple relay and switch arrangement that creates power flow to the brake light when the brake pedal is depressed. Such brake lights do not illuminate when the brake pedal is not depressed, despite the fact that the vehicular speed may be decreasing.
Certain lights are illuminated, in some instances, when the brake pedal is not depressed but the foot of the operator is removed from the accelerator. For example, a red-amber-green combination light which is normally positioned in the back window of the vehicle operates to illuminate the green when the operator's foot is on the accelerator, the amber when the operator's foot is off the accelerator and the red when the brake pedal is depressed. It is again illuminated with switch and relay means.
Certain disadvantages are inherent in such systems. For example, in tractor-trailer rigs, long cables from the brake lights to the batteries and the relays and switches are vulnerable to damage. On a bicycle, where the change in bicycle speed is even less perceptible than a car, brake lights are not normally used and, of course, they will not illuminate if the brakes are not applied. Since a bicycle may be stopped with both hand and foot brakes, it would be necessary to install a switch for each with the concomitant necessity for extra wiring, etc., which is unsightly and complicated on a bicycle. On wheelchairs, similar considerations apply but it is desirable to have an indication when the speed is decreasing and not, necessarily, just when the brakes are applied.
Summary of the Invention
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a speed indicating light for a vehicle comprising a light, means for measuring the rotational speed of a rotating element on said vehicle, means for determining a first rotational speed of said rotating element, means for determining a subsequent rotational speed of said rotating element, and means for initiating illumination of said light when said subsequent rotational speed is less that said first rotational speed by a predetermined amount.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a brake light comprising a casing, a light within said casing, a switch having activated and non-activated positions, an inertia operated contact movable between said activated and non-activated positions of said switch and a power source for said light.
Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawings
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with the use of drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side view of a bicycle with a brake light according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic enlarged sectional view of the brake light housing assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic enlarged sectional view of the sensor housing assembly used for the brake light of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the sensor and lamp system according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sensor and lamp system according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the automatic power off circuit;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart for the firmware;
FIG. 8A-8M are a listing of the source code.
FIG. 9 is a side view of a further embodiment of a brake light according to the invention in position on a bicycle seat;
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic side view of the brake light at FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the contact apparatus in the form of an inertia switch in the brake light of FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of yet a further embodiment of a brake light.
Description of Specific Embodiment
Referring now to the drawings, an overview of the system according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. It comprises a magnetic sensor illustrated generally at 2 which has a proximity sensor mounted to the bicycle frame and a moving piece of metal 4 mounted on a spoke of the wheel of a bicycle. A cable 3 is connected between the sensor 2 and a brake light 1.
The lamp housing assembly 1 is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2. The assembly 1 includes a red light cover 5, a light bulb 6, a parabolic reflector 7, a circuit board 8, a battery cover 9, a set of batteries 10 and the assembly casing 11.
The sensor housing assembly 2 is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3. The assembly 2 includes a magnetic reed switch sensor 12, a sensor housing 13 and a sensor cover 14.
The block diagram of the lamp housing assembly of FIG. 2 is illustrated in FIG. 4. It includes a flip flop 15, a micro controller 16 with an on board EPROM 17 and an on board counter 18 and the light bulb 6.
FIG. 5 illustrates the schematic diagram of the lamp housing assembly 1 and again comprises a flip flop 15, a micro controller 16, a micro controller clock oscillator circuit 19, and a light bulb 6;.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a supplementary automatic power-off circuit and illustrates a flip flop 20 and a relay assembly 21;
Operation
At startup and with reference to FIG. 7, a reference rear wheel revolution time is set to a maximum value to reflect a low rotational and, hence, vehicle speed. The brake light 6 is illuminated as a self-test and also to reflect the lower speed.
The unit next attempts to measure the actual rear wheel revolution time. However, for this value to be within the unit's measurable range, the vehicle must first reach a minimum speed. Once a first valid value is measured, it is stored as a new reference time.
As an indirect method of sensing a threshold level of deceleration indicative of braking, the unit calculates a corresponding threshold rear wheel revolution time based upon the current reference time. Upon measuring the next rear wheel revolution time, the unit decides whether this time is longer or shorter than the calculated threshold value.
If the new measured value is shorter than the calculated threshold value, the brake light is turned off and the new revolution time becomes the new reference for further calculation.
If the new measured value is longer than the calculated threshold value, the brake light is illuminated and the new revolution time becomes the new reference for further calculation. If the vehicle speed has decreased to the point where the revolution time is beyond the measurable range, then the unit reverts to start-up, attempting to establish a valid first reference value.
With reference to FIG. 6 and once the rear wheel stops revolving completely, the power to the unit automatically shuts off, after a certain delay time, under the direction of the micro-controller.
In a further embodiment of the invention, an inertia operated brake light is illustrated generally at 17 in FIG. 9. It is illustrated as being connected by a bracket 36 to the rearward end of a bicycle seat 37 attached to a bicycle 38. A red lens 41 is mounted on the back portion of the brake light 17 and is illuminated as described in detail hereinafter.
Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the brake light 17 includes a casing 18 which contains a power source in the form of a pair of batteries 10. A switch enclosure 11 is contained within the casing 18. A gimballed inertia switch generally illustrated at 30 is attached to and pivots in a substantially vertical plane about an axis 12 so that its' attitude relative to enclosure 11 is dependent on the operating position of the bicycle 38 on which the brake light 17 is fixed. A counterweight 40 assists to move the switch 30 under the different positions of the bicycle 38 such that its position remains substantially as illustrated in the drawings.
Within the gimballed switch enclosure 11 and with reference to FIG. 11, the inertia switch includes a conductive gold plated ball 13 which is mounted within a substantially cylindrical sealed conductive drawn nickel tube 16, the tube 16 being inclined in its normal position as illustrated under the influence of a counterweight 40 which is connected to the switch 30. The tube 16 together with the counterweight 40 rotate about axis 12.
When the brake light 17 is not activated, the gold plated ball 13 makes contact with both the walls and the lower end of the conductive drawn nickel tube 16. A conductive gold plated electrical contact 14 is insulated from the substantially cylindrical tube 16 by way of rubber washer 31 and is situated at the opposite end of the tube 16 from the gravity actuated position of the conductive gold plated ball switch 13.
The brake light 17 will be attached by way of a bracket 36 to the rear of a bicycle seat 37 on bicycle 38 so that it becomes substantially integral with the bicycle seat 37. Under normal forward travel conditions, the switch 30 will pivot about the substantially horizontal axis 12 under the influence of counterweight 40 and be maintained in an attitude to keep the conductive gold plated ball 13 in position against the lower oriented end of the conductive drawn nickel tube 16 as viewed in FIG. 11.
Under conditions of deceleration, however, inertia will cause the ball 13 to move toward and contact the conductive gold plated electrical contact 14 which will complete the circuit between the conductive tube 16 and contact 14 thereby illuminating the light bulb 15. When deceleration ceases, the conductive gold plated ball 13 will return to its position as illustrated in FIG. 11 and the light source 25 will be turned off due to the circuit being opened.
A second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 12. A battery holder 21 is mechanically attached in a substantially horizontal orientation to the casing 24 by an arm at pivot point 22. A switch 23 is fixed mechanically to the battery case 21 at a point between the pivot point 22 and the battery case 21 and a cantilevered arm 33 extends from the switch 23. The switch 23 is connected through an electrical circuit (not shown) to both the light source 25 and the battery case 21. A foam damper 34 is inserted between the casing 24 and the batter holder 21 to bias the battery holder 21 towards the position as illustrated.
In operation and when the bicycle 38 decelerates, inertia causes the battery holder 21 to pivot about axis 22 in the direction of travel of the vehicle forcing the cantilever arm 33 of the switch 23 toward the stationary portion of the switch 23 which is connected to casing 24. When the arm 33 makes contact with the body of the switch 23, the circuit is closed and the bulbs 25 are illuminated. When deceleration ceases, the absence of inertia and the bias due to form damper 34 causes battery holder 21 to return to its normal inactivated position which thereby allows the cantilever arm 33 of the switch 23 to move away from its contact position and the circuit between the light source 25 and the battery case 21 is opened to shut off the light bulb 25.
While the brake light has been described as being used on a bicycle, many other appropriate uses on other vehicles or conveyances would, of course, be possible, such as boats, planes and the like and, indeed, could be used to initiate the operation of a light from any source using rotation. Similarly, while the light source is stated to be a bulb, it is clear that other illumination devices such as a light emitting diodes (L.E.D.'s) could also be used so long as necessary visible illumination is provided. Likewise, while the power source is said to be batteries, it is clear that other sources such as solar cells and the like could also be used.
Many modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates and the specific modifications set forth herein should be construed as illustrative only and not as limiting their scope as defined in accordance with the accompanying claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Speed indicating light apparatus which indicates acceleration and deceleration of a vehicle such as a bicycle having wheels relatively large when compared to the size of said vehicle, said apparatus comprising a light mounted on the rearward area of said vehicle, a magnetic sensor mounted on one of said wheel or vehicle, a metallic material mounted on the other of said wheel or vehicle such that said metallic material and said magnetic sensor come into proximity and create a signal when said wheel rotates, means for determining a first rotational speed of said wheel from said signal, means for determining a subsequent rotational speed of said wheel from said signal, and means for initiating illumination of said light when said subsequent rotational speed of said wheel is less than said first rotational speed of said wheel by a predetermined amount.
2. Speed indicating light apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said first rotational speed determining means is a micro controller.
3. Speed indicating light apparatus as in claim 2 wherein said micro controller includes an EPROM and a counter.
4. Speed indicating light apparatus as in claim 2 wherein said magnetic sensor comprises a proximity switch mounted on the frame of said vehicle and said metallic material is mounted on the wheel of said vehicle.
5. Speed indicating light apparatus as in claim 4 wherein said proximity switch is a magnetic reed switch.