Optical Fiber Connector Terminal and Method of Making Same

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to optical fiber connector terminals for closely connecting cords or cables of optical fibers within an adapter for communications systems, data transmission systems, and other optical systems.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In optical fiber transmission lines, the connection between optical fibers is critical. The connection of optical fibers requires a precise registration of optical fibers. Optical fibers are made from glass and have a diameter of 100 microns. There are two requirements for the connector terminals; protecting and reinforcing the optical fibers and registering optical fibers with high-precisions in the order of micrometers.

In an attempt to satisfy such requirements, an optical fiber connector terminal such as shown in FIG. 31 has been proposed. This connector terminal includes a terminal body 40 which is made from zirconia ceramic. The terminal body 40 is made by molding a terminal body which is slightly larger than the finished product, sintering it at high temperatures, and grinding a receiving aperture 41 with a wrapping wire or the like to the desired size. The terminal body 40 is then press fitted into a support member 42.

However, it is very difficult to make a long core pin of the mold for the receiving aperture 41 so that it is very difficult to make a thin long receiving aperture 41 which is longer than 10 mm. For this reason, the strength of an optical fiber bonded to the conventional receiving aperture 41 is so small that the finished product is not reliable.

The zirconia ceramic materials require sintering at high temperatures, making the manufacturing process complex and difficult, resulting in the low yield. In addition, thin connector terminals between 1.0 and 1.5 mm in diameter have low bending resistance and are easy to break upon connection and disconnection.

Even if the connector terminal is made from a metal, it is extremely difficult to make a thin long receiving aperture in the connector terminal. Moreover, the terminal body 40 and the support member 42, which are made from different materials, are not compatible and can break upon forcible connection.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an optical fiber connector terminal having a fine long aperture in which an optical fiber is bonded, thereby providing a reliable optical fiber connector terminal.

It is another object of the invention to provide a method of making such an optical fiber connector terminal as described above.

According to an aspect of the invention there is provided an optical fiber connector terminal which includes a sleeve; a plurality of pins disposed equidistance from a center within the sleeve to form a receiving aperture; a plurality of filler materials disposed between the sleeve and the pins; and an optical fiber inserted into and bonded to the receiving aperture.

In the above connector terminal, the sleeve, the filler materials, and the pins are integrated so that the pins are fixed to provide a thin long receiving aperture, thereby providing a long connector terminal. This increases the bonding strength of an optical fiber to the receiving aperture and thus the connector reliability.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of making an optical fiber connector terminal, which includes the steps of placing a plurality of pins within a sleeve such that the pins are disposed around a center of the sleeve; reducing a diameter of the sleeve so that filler materials fill spaces between the sleeve and the pins, thereby disposing the pins equidistance from the center to form a receiving aperture at the center; and securing an optical fiber in the receiving aperture to provide an optical fiber connector terminal.

By the above method it is possible to make a connector terminal having a thin long receiving aperture without difficulty.

The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an optical fiber connector having a connector terminal according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a terminal body of the connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing how to grind a pin for connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 shows how to cut a pipe for making a sleeve for the connector terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 shows how to make a specified inner diameter in the sleeve of FIG. 7;

FIGS. 9 and 10 show three pins and three filler rods placed in the sleeve;

FIGS. 11-13 show a connector terminal material with a triangular at the center;

FIG. 14 shows how to cut off end portions of the connector terminal material;

FIG. 15 illustrates how to wrap the triangular aperture to form a circular receiving aperture;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line X--X of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 shows how to grind the circumference of the connect terminal material with a cylindrical grinder;

FIG. 18 illustrates how to polish an end of the connector terminal material;

FIG. 19 shows how to make a guide surface in the receiving aperture;

FIG. 20 illustrates how to round a corner of the connector terminal material;

FIG. 21 is a longitudinal section of the connector terminal material in which an optical fiber is bonded;

FIGS. 22-24 show how to make an optical fiber connector terminal according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIGS 25 and 26 are end views of a connector terminal according to still another embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively;

FIGS. 27 and 28 are end views of a connector terminal according to yet another embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively;

FIG. 29 and 30 are end views of a connector terminal according to another embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively; and

FIG. 31 is a longitudinal section of a conventional connector terminal.

In FIG. 1, the optical fiber connector includes a and an adapter 2. The plug 1 has a plug housing 3 for housing an optical fiber connector terminal 5 via a retainer fixture 4.

As FIGS. 2-5 show, the connector terminal 5 consists of a support member 5a with a flange 5c and a terminal body 5b attached to the support member 5a. The terminal body 5b has a sleeve 6 in which three pins 7 are placed with filler rods 8 filling in spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7. An optical fiber 10 of a fiber cable 50 is bonded to a receiving aperture 9 defined by the three pins 7. The filler rods 8 and the sleeve 6 are subjected to a rotary forging process in a rotary swage, for example, to be reduced in diameter so that the filler rods 8 fills spaces between the sleeve 6 and pins 7 while the three pins 7 are disposed equidistance from a center 0, thereby placing the optical fiber 10 at the center 0.

As has been described above, the three pins 7 are disposed equidistance from the center 0 within the sleeve 6 to form a receiving aperture 9 at the center 0. The filler rods 8 are provided in spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, and the sleeve 6 is reduced in diameter so that the filler rods 8 fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, and the optical fiber 10 is bonded in the receiving aperture 9. As a result, the sleeve 6, the filler rods 8, and the pins 7 are integrated to hold the pins 7 in place, thereby forming a thin long aperture 9. This makes it possible to make a long connector terminal. Consequently, the bonding strength of the optical fiber 1 to the receiving aperture 9 is increased, resulting in the increased connector reliability.

A method of making such an optical fiber connector terminal 5 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6-21.

In FIG. 6, a pin material 7a of stainless steel is cut to a predetermined length (for example, 60 mm), subjected to a heat treatment or hardening process, and ground in a grinder 11 to form a pin 7 which has a predetermined degree of circularity and a predetermined degree of surface smoothness. The grinder 11 consists of a support member 12 for supporting the pin material 7a and a pair of grinding rollers 13 and 14, which rotate in opposite directions shown by arrows to grind the pin material 7a. Thus, the pin 7 is made from a hardened stainless steel material (for example, SUS 305).

In FIG. 7, in order to make a sleeve 6, a stainless steel pipe 15 is cut to a predetermined length.

In FIG. 8, an opening 17 of a specified inner diameter is made with a drill 16 or the like. Unlike the pin 7, the resulting sleeve 6 is made from stainless steel which is not hardened so that its hardness is less than that of the pin 7.

In FIGS. 9 and 10, three pins 7 and three filler rods 8 are alternatingly disposed within the sleeve 6. The pins 7 are dimensioned such that they form a substantially triangular cross section, each apex of which contacts the inside of the sleeve 6. The filler rods 8 having a circular or fan shaped cross section are made from stainless steel which is not hardened. Consequently, their hardness is substantially equal to that of the sleeve 6 and less than that of the pins 7.

In FIGS. 11-13, the sleeve 6 having the three pins 7 and the three filler rods 8 therein is subjected to a rotary forging process, for example, in a rotary swage to reduce the diameters of portions of the sleeve 6, for example, the front and rear portions of the sleeve 6. The rotary forging process is a process by which the sleeve 6 is struck by one or two pairs of forging dies under continuous or intermittent rotation about its axis, thereby forming a connector terminal material A. The rotary forging process makes the filler rods 8 collapse to fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, thereby disposing the three pins 7 equidistance from the center 0.

In FIG. 14, opposite end portions of the connector terminal material A are cut off with a pair of fine cutters 19. The cutting surfaces are smoothed and cleaned.

In FIGS. 15 and 16, a wrapping wire 21 is put through a triangular aperture 20 formed at the center of the three pins 7. Grinding diamond granules 22 are put on the wrapping wire 21. A pair of reels 23 and 24 are turned back and forth to reciprocate the wrapping wire 21 to grind the wall of the triangular aperture 20 to form a receiving aperture 9 having a circular cross section.

In FIG. 17, the outside of the connector terminal material A is polished with a cylindrical grinder 25 to provide the desired degree of concentricity.

In FIG. 18, an end surface of the terminal material A is polished with a grinder 27 while being held in place with a holder 26 to provide a right angled end surface.

In FIG. 19, a guiding surface 28 is made at an end of the receiving aperture 9 by an electric discharge process using an electrode 29. Alternatively, the guiding surface 28 may be made by a cutting process.

In FIG. 20, an end of the terminal material A is ground with a grinder 30 to provide a rounded corner. The terminal material A is then cleaned and press fitted into a support member 5a for integration.

In FIG. 21, an adhesive 33 is put in the receiving aperture 9, and an optical fiber 10 is put through the receiving aperture 9, thereby building up the adhesive 33 at the end surface so that the projected portion of the optical fiber 10 is also bonded. The built up adhesive 33 and the projected optical fiber 10 are ground off with a grinder to provide a connector terminal 5.

As FIGS. 22-24 show, according to another embodiment of the invention, the three filler rods 8 for filling spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 are replaced by three inner ridges 8a which are made on the inside of the sleeve 6. The sleeve 6 with such inner ridges 8a are made by the following method.

In FIG. 22, a sleeve material 15a with three inner ridges 8a is made by a drawing process and cut to a predetermined length.

In FIG. 23, the specified inner opening 17 is made.

In FIG. 24, the circumference is machined to provide a sleeve 6 which has the desired degree of concentricity.

Three pins 7 are disposed within the sleeve 6 and subjected to a rotary forging process in the same way as described above so that the inner ridges 8a fill spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6, thereby disposing the pins 7 equidistance from the center 0.

Alternatively, the inner ridges 8a for filling spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 may be deformed portions of the sleeve 6 itself. In this case, three pins 7 are placed within the sleeve 6 and subjected to a rotary forging process in the same way as described above so that the deformed portions fill spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 itself, thereby disposing the three pins 7 equidistance from the center 0.

FIGS. 25 and 26 show another embodiment of the invention, wherein five pins 7 and five filler rods 8 are disposed within the sleeve 6 such that they contact the adjacent pins, the filler rods, and the inside of the sleeve 6. An optical fiber 10 is inserted and bonded in a receiving aperture 9 defined by the five pins 7. The filler rods 8 and the sleeve 6 are subjected to a rotary forging in a rotary swage, for example, so that the filler rods 8 fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7 to dispose the five pins 7 equidistance from the center 0, thereby disposing the receiving aperture 9 at the center 0 for the optical fiber 10. By using the five pins 7, it is possible to provide a connector terminal with a receiving aperture having a diameter greater than that of the three pin connector terminal.

The five pin connector terminal is made in the same way as that of the three pin connector terminal.

In 27 and 28, five inner ridges 8a replace the five filler rods 8 and disposes the five pins 7 around the center to define a receiving aperture 9 into which an optical fiber 10 is bonded.

In 29 and 30, deformed materials of the sleeve 6 itself fill spaces between the five pins 7 to dispose an optical fiber 10 at the center 0.

Alternatively, the sleeve 6 and the filler rods 8 made from stainless steel which is not hardened may be made from tungsten or beryllium as far as their hardness is less than that of the pins 7 which are made from hardened stainless steel such as SUS 305. The sleeve 6 having the pins 7 and the filler rods 8 were reduced in diameter by a rotary forging in a rotary swage in the above embodiment, but the same results may be obtained by a drawing or press machine.