17.beta.-Acyl-4-Aza-5.alpha.-Androst-1-Ene-3-Ones as 5.alpha.-Reductase Inhibitors

The present invention is concerned with novel 17.beta.-acyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one compounds and the use of such compounds as testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase inhibitors.

It is well known in the art that certain undesirable physiological manifestations, such as acne vulgaris, seborrhea, female hirsutism, and male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hypertrophy, are the result of hyperandrogenic stimulation caused by an excessive accumulation of testosterone or similar androgenic hormones in the metabolic system. Early attempts to provide a chemotherapeutic agent to counter the undesirable results of hyperandrogenicity resulted in the discovery of several steroidal antiandrogens having undesirable hormonal activities of their own. The estrogens, for example, not only counteract the effect of the androgens but have a feminizing effect as well. Non-steroidal antiandrogens have also been developed, for example, 4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide. See Neri et al., Endo., Vol. 91, No 12 (1972). However, these products, though devoid of hormonal effects, are peripherally active, competing with the natural androgens for receptor sites, and hence have a tendency to feminize a male host or the male fetus of a female host.

It more recently became known in the art that the principal mediator of androgenic activity in some target organs is 5.alpha.-dihydrotestosterone, and that it is formed locally in the target organ by the action of testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase. It therefore has been postulated and demonstrated that inhibitors of testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase will serve to prevent or lessen symptoms of hyperandrogenic stimulation. Nayfeh et al., Steroids, 14, 269 (1969) demonstrated in vitro that methyl 4-androsten-3-one-17.beta.-carboxylate was a testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase inhibitor. Then Voigt and Hsia, Endocrinology, 92, 1216 (1973), Canadian Pat. No. 970,692, demonstrated that the above ester and the parent free acid, 4-androsten-3-one-17.beta.-carboxylic acid are both active inhibitors of testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase in vitro. They further demonstrated that topical application of either testosterone or 5.alpha.-dihydrotestosterone caused enlargement of the female hamster flank organ, or androgen dependent sebaceous structure. However, concomitant administration of 4-androsten-3-one-17.beta.-carboxylic acid or its methyl ester inhibited the response elicited by testosterone but did not inhibit the response elicited by 5.alpha.-dihydrotestosterone. These results were interpreted as indicating that the compounds were antiandrogenic by virtue of their ability to inhibit testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase.

A number of 4-aza steroid compounds are known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,227,876; 3,239,417; 3,264,301; and 3,285,918; French Pat. No. 1,465,544; Doorenbos and Solomons, J. Pharm. Sci. 62, 4, pp. 638-640 (1973); Doorenbos and Brown, J. Pharm. Sci., 60, 8, pp. 1234-1235 (1971); and Doorenbos and Kim, J. Pharm. Sci., 63, 4, pp. 620-622 (1974).

In addition U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,377,584 and 4,220,775 of Rasmusson et al. describe a group of 4-aza-5.alpha.-17.beta.-substituted-5.alpha.-androsten-3-ones which are said to be useful in the treatment of hyperandrogenic conditions. However, none of the cited references suggest that any of the novel 17.beta.-acyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-ones of the present invention would have utility as highly potent testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase inhibitors.

The present invention is concerned with novel 17.beta.-acyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one compounds, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations comprising the novel compounds as active ingredients and methods of inhibiting testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase and of treating hyperandrogenic conditions with the novel compounds or their pharmaceutical formulations.

The present invention is concerned with 17.beta.-acyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one compounds of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl; and

R.sup.2 is a monovalent radical selected from straight and branched chain alkyl of from 1-12 carbons, or monocyclic aryl optionally containing 1 or more lower alkyl substituents of from 1-2 carbon atoms and/or 1 or more halo (Cl or Br) substituents, aralkyl selected from benzyl and phenethyl and heterocyclic selected from 2- or 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 2-furyl or thiophenyl and R', R" and R'" are each selected from hydrogen and methyl.

A preferred embodiment of the novel compounds of our invention is represented by the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and

R.sup.3 is branched chain alkyl, or cycloalkyl of from 4-8 carbons.

An especially preferred embodiment of the invention is the compounds of formula II where R.sup.3 is phenyl, phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 lower alkyl substituents of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 halo (Cl, F or Br) substituents.

Representative compounds of the present invention include the following:

17.beta.-(t-butylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(isobutylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(isooctylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(n-octylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(1,1-diethylbutylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3 -one;

17.beta.-(neopentylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(tert-amylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(tert-hexylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(5-butylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

and the corresponding compounds wherein the 4-methyl substituent is replaced in each of the above named compounds by a hydrogen or an ethyl radical.

Also included as representative compounds are any of the above indicated compounds having the alkyl of the alkyl carbonyl substituent replaced by a methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, i-propyl-, butyl-, phenyl-, 2-, 3- or 4-tolyl-, xylyl-, 2-bromo-or 2-chlorophenyl-, 2,6-dichloro- or a 2,6-dibromophenyl carbonyl substituent or a heterocyclic substituent selected from 2 or 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 2-furyl or 2-thiophenyl.

These representative compounds are:

17.beta.-(phenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(3-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(4-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2-bromophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-1-ene-androst-3-on e;

17.beta.-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-o ne;

17.beta.-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene -3-one;

17.beta.-(2,6-dibromophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene- 3-one;

17.beta.-(xylylphenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-4-methyl-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(phenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(3-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(4-tolylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2-bromophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(2,6-dibromophenylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one;

17.beta.-(xylylcarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-3-one.

The novel compounds of formula I or II of the present invention are prepared by a method starting with the known steroid ester of the formula: ##STR4## which includes the stages of (1) dehydrogenating said starting material to produce the corresponding compound containing a double bond in the 1,2-position of the A-ring, (2) converting the 17-carbomethoxy substituent into a 17.beta.-acyl substituent and, if desired (3) alkylating the A-ring nitrogen to introduce 4-methyl or 4-ethyl substituents into the A-ring. In carrying out the process of the present invention, it is essential that stage (1) dehydrogenation of the 1,2-position of the steroid A-ring be carried out using a 4-aza-5.alpha.-androsten-3-one compound having no substituent other than hydrogen attached to the A-ring nitrogen. Stage (2) may consist of one or more chemical steps and if desired may take place before stage (1) or following stage (1) or stage (3).

In accordance with the process of the present invention, the products of our invention are formed by (1) heating a 17.beta.-alkoxycarbonyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one compound III with a dehydrogenating agent such as benzeneseleninic anhydride in refluxing chlorobenzene to form a 17.beta.-alkoxycarbonyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one (IV), (2) the formed 5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one compound from step (1) is reacted with sodium hydride and under anhydrous conditions in a neutral solvent such as dimethylformamide, (2) contacting the resulting reaction mixture with an alkyl (methyl or ethyl) iodide to form the corresponding 17.beta.-alkoxycarbonyl-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one (V), (3) subsequently hydrolyzing said 17.beta.-alkoxycarbonyl-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one with a strong base such as aqueous methanolic potassium hydroxide at the reflux temperature, followed by acidification and isolation of the resulting steroidal acid, 17.beta.-carboxy-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one (VI), (4) said steroidal acid is then converted to its corresponding 2-thiopyridyl ester by refluxing with triphenyl phosphine and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide in an inert solvent and the product 17.beta.-(2-pyridylthiocarbonyl)-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one (VII) is isolated by chromatography on silica, (5) said pyridylthio ester is then reacted with an R.sup.2 -Li or an R.sup.2 MgX (X=Cl, Br) compound such as sec-butylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran to form the desired product 17.beta.-(sec-butylcarbonyl)-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one (VIII) which is isolated by chromatography on silica gel. When the previous reaction is carried out using an R.sup.2 MgX or, an R.sup.2 -Li compound in place of sec-butylmagnesium chloride, the corresponding 17.beta.-(acyl)-4-alkyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one is prepared wherein acyl is R.sup.2 carbonyl.

In accordance with the process of our invention, the corresponding 17.beta.-acyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one XV is readily prepared from the 17.beta.(alkoxycarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androsten-3-one (IV) by repeating the above series of reaction steps but omitting step 2 hereinabove, i.e., treatment of the 4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one with sodium amide followed by methyl or ethyl iodide.

In accordance with a further alternate process of preparing the compounds of our invention, having only hydrogen as the sole substituent on the ring A-nitrogen, the .OMEGA.' double bond in the A-ring is introduced as the last step of the process. Thus, a 17.beta.-alkoxycarbonyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one (III) is hydrolyzed to the corresponding steroidal acid, 17.beta.-carboxy-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one, (IX) which, in turn, is converted to the corresponding thiopyridyl ester, 17.beta.-(2-pyridylthiocarbonyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-1-one (X) followed by treatment of the ester with an R.sup.2 MgX or R.sup.2 Li compound wherein R.sup.2 is as defined hereinabove to form a 17.beta.-(acyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one (XI) which is dehydrogenated as previously described to produce compound XIV, 17.beta.-(acyl)-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one.

In an additional alternative process for making the compounds of formula I and II, when the starting material is an ester, particularly methyl ester as shown in formula III-V in the schematic, reaction with a Grignard reagent gives the ketone corresponding to the moiety associated with the Grignard reagent.

The 16 methyl derivative wherein R'" is methyl are prepared from known 16-methyl-17-acyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-ones, e.g. 4,16.beta.-dimethyl-17.beta.-acetyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one by known dehydrogenation procedures for 4-methyl-4-aza compounds to produce the corresponding 4,16.beta.-dimethyl-17.beta.-acetyl-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-one.

The above reactions are schematically represented in the following structural outline: ##STR5## wherein X is a 2-pyridylthio substituent and R.sup.2 is defined as hereinabove.

The compounds of the present invention, prepared in accordance with the method described above, are, as already described, potent anti-androgens by virtue of their ability to specifically inhibit testosterone-5.alpha.-reductase.

Accordingly, the present invention is particularly concerned with providing a method of treating the hyperandrogenic conditions of acne vulgaris, seborrhea, and female hirsutism by topical administration, and a method of treating all of the above conditions as well as benign prostatic hypertrophy, by parenteral administration, of the novel compounds of the present invention.

The present invention is thus also concerned with providing suitable topical and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations for use in the novel methods of treatment of the present invention.

The compositions containing the compounds of the present invention as the active ingredient for use in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy can be administered in a wide variety of therapeutic dosage forms in conventional vehicles for systemic administration, as, for example, by oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, or suspensions, of by intravenous injection. The daily dosage of the products may be varied over a wide range varying from 50 to 2,000 mg. The compositions are preferably provided in the form of scored tablets containing 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.005 mg to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. Preferably the range is from about 0.01 mg to 5 mg/kg of body weight per day. These dosages are well below the toxic dose of the product. Capsules containing the product of this invention can be prepared by mixing an active compound of the present invention with lactose and magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, starch, talc, or other carriers, and placing the mixture in gelatin capsule. Tablets may be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with conventional tableting ingredients such as calcium phosphate, lactose, corn starch or magnesium stearate. The liquid forms in suitably flavored suspending or dispersing agents such as the synthetic and natural gums, for example, tragacanth, acacia, methylcellulose and the like. Other dispersing agents which may be employed include glycerin and the like. For parenteral administration sterile suspensions and solutions are desired. Isotonic preparations which generally contain suitable preservative are employed when intravenous administration is desired.

For the treatment of acne vulgaris, seborrhea, female hirsutism, the compounds of the present invention are administered in the formula of pharmaceutical composition comprising the active compound in combination with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier adapted for topical administration. These topical pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a cream, ointment, gel or aerosol formulation adapted for application to the skin. These topical pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention ordinarily include about 0.1% to 15%, preferably about 5%, of the active compound, in admixture with about 95% of vehicle.

The method of preparing the novel compounds of the present invention, already described above in general terms, may be further illustrated by the following examples.

To a solution of 7.2 g of S-(2-pyridyl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5.alpha.-androst-1-ene-17.beta.-thiocarboxylate in 288 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added at -78.degree. C. 33.6 ml of 1.3M S-butylmagnesium chloride. After 30 minutes at -78.degree. C. the solution came to room temperature and was treated with saturated aqueous NaCl solution. The product was extracted into dichloromethane and was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution and 10% aqueous NaOH solution, then dried and concentrated. The residue was eluted through 430 g of silica gel with 9:1 dichloromethane-acetone to give 4.5 g of the product, m.p. 246.degree.-249.degree. C.

When the procedure is repeated using the following reagents, the indicated product is obtained.

A solution of 21 g of 22-methyl-4-aza-21-nor-5.alpha.-cholane-3,20-dione (Step 1) and 29.49 g of benzeneseleninic anhydride in 552 ml of chlorobenzene was refluxed with water separation for 4 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was redissolved in dichloromethane. After washing with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide, then 10% hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride the solution was dried and concentrated to 45 g of yellow residue. This was chromatographed on 1.5 kg of silica gel packed in dichloromethane and eluted with ethyl acetate to give 10.6 g of the product, m.p. 248.degree.-251.degree. C.

When the procedure is repeated using 23-methyl-4-aza-21-nor-5.alpha.-cholane-3,20-dione as starting material the product obtained is 23-methyl-4-aza-21-nor-5.alpha.-chol-1-ene-3,20-dione, m.p. 283.degree.-286.degree. C.

To a stirred suspension of 43 g of S-(2-pyridyl)-3-oxo-4-aza-5-alpha-androst-1-ene-17-beta-thiocarboxylate in 500 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added at -78.degree. C. a THF solution of 157 ml of 2N phenylmagnesium chloride over 60 minutes. After stirring at -78.degree. C. for 60 minutes, the mixture was brought to -30.degree. C. and was quenched by addition of 10% HCl while maintaining the temperature below -20.degree. C. After warming to 0.degree. C., the mixture was diluted with 2000 ml of water and extracted with 4000 ml of dichloromethane in portions. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water, 1N sodium hydroxide, water and saturated sodium chloride solution. Drying with MgSO.sub.4 and concentration afforded 37.5 g of crude product. Recrystallization from dichloromethane/ethyl acetate gave the title phenyl ketone (30.4 g, 77% yield). m.p. 290.degree.-291.degree. C.

The procedure of Example 3 was repeated with suitable reagents and the title compound was obtained. m.p. 315.degree.-315.5.degree. C.