Tylosin Derivatives

The present invention relates to new antibiotics of the macrolide family, to a process for preparing them and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

The requirements of therapeutics demand the constant development of new antibiotics, not only on account of the possibility of the appearance of new resistant strains, but also with the object of creating new molecules possessing improved activity in respect of both their threshold of efficacy and the breadth of their spectrum of action.

A large number of modifications of the tylosin ring-system have already been carried out in order to produce advantageous antibiotics. Among the most recent, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,528,369, 4,581,346 and 4,629,786 and European Patent Applications 0,103,465, 0,104,028, 0,154,495 and 0,203,621 may be mentioned. However, none of these modifications has enabled a tylosin derivative used in human therapy to be obtained.

More especially, the subject of the present invention is the compounds derived from tylosin of general formula: ##STR2## in which: either:

A denotes a group ##STR3## in which D and E, which may be identical or different, denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched lower alkyl radical optionally substituted with a phenyl group, and in this case B denotes a cyano group,

or alternatively:

A and B together denote a group=N.sup.+ (O.sup.-)--D in which D has the meaning as above,

G denotes an oxygen atom or a group of formula ##STR4## in which R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched lower alkyl group or a linear or branched lower alkenyl group, the latter groups optionally being substituted with a phenyl group which is itself optionally substituted with a nitro group,

the sign occurring in the definition of G meaning that the oxime or oxime ether group can be in the syn or anti form or in the form of a syn/anti mixture,

R.sub.2 denotes

either a hydrogen atom,

or a radical of formula: ##STR5## in which R'.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched lower alkyl radical or a linear or branched lower acyl radical,

R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a group: ##STR6## and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denote, independently of one another:

either a hydrogen atom,

or a linear or branched lower alkyl radical.

Lower alkyl and lower alkenyl radicals are understood to mean groups comprising between 1 and 6 carbon atoms.

The invention also encompasses the salts of the compounds of formula (I). Among acids which may be added to the compounds of formula (I) to form an addition salt, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, sulfuric, acetic, propionic, trifluoroacetic, maleic, malic, tartaric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, ptoluenesulfonic, phosphoric, fumaric, citric and camphoric acids, etc., may be mentioned by way of example.

The present invention also encompasses a process for preparing the derivatives of formula (I), wherein a derivative of formula (II): ##STR7## in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 have the same definition as in the formula (I), is used as starting material, which derivative, in the case where R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom in the product of formula (I) which it is desired to obtain, is first subjected to the action of dilute hydrochloric acid of normality between 0.05 and 0.4, preferably between 0.1 and 0.30 and preferably between 0.15 and 0.25, at room temperature, to lead, after washing with a suitable organic solvent, alkalinization and extraction with a suitable organic solvent, to a derivative of formula (II/2a): ##STR8## in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 have the same meaning as in the formula (I), which, in the case where R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 simultaneously denote a hydrogen atom in the product of formula (I) which it is desired to obtain, is next subjected to reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid of normality between 0.25 and 0.75, preferably between 0.3 and 0.7 and preferably between 0.4 and 0.6, at a temperature preferably between 30.degree. and 100.degree. C., preferably between 50.degree. and 90.degree. C. and preferably between 70.degree. and 80.degree. C., to lead, after washing with a suitable organic solvent, alkalinization and extraction with a suitable organic solvent, to a derivative of formula (II/2b): ##STR9## in which: R.sub.4 has the same meaning as in the formula (I), which is optionally purified by chromatography on a silica column,

the compounds accordingly selected, of general formula (II) or (II/2a) or (II/2b) depending on the compound of formula (I) which it is desired to obtain, then being treated:

either, in the case where B denotes a cyano group, with a dialkyl cyanophosphonate such as diethyl cyanophosphonate, in the presence of an amine of formula (III) HNDE where D and E have the same meaning as in the formula (I), in an organic solvent preferably selected from tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, benzene, dioxane, acetone and ethyl acetate, at a temperature between room temperature and the refluxing temperature of the solvent selected, these temperatures being inclusive, to lead to a derivative of formula (I/A), a special case of the compounds of formula (I) for which G denotes an oxygen atom, A a group NDE and B a cyano group, ##STR10## in which formula: D, E and R.sub.4 have the same definition as in the formula (I) and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 the same meaning as in the compound (II), (II/2a) or (II/2b) selected, the (R) and (S) isomers of which are separated, if so desired, by a conventional technique such as chromatography on a silica column or fractional crystallization,

or, in the case where A and B simultaneously denote a group=N.sup.+ (O.sup.-)--D, with a compound of formula HO--NHD in which D has the same definition as in the formula (I), or alternatively and preferably with a salt of such a product with a strong acid (hydrochloride, hydrobromide, etc.), in an organic solvent preferably selected from lower aliphatic alcohols, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile, in the presence of a base such as, for example, pyridine, triethylamine or an alkali metal salt such as sodium acetate or sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate or sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate, to lead to a compound of formula (I/B): ##STR11## a special case of the compounds of formula (I) in which G denotes an oxygen atom and A and B simultaneously denote a group=N.sup.+ --(O.sup.-)--D, in which formula R.sub.4 and D have the same meaning as in the formula (I) and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 the same meaning as in the formula (II), (II/2a) or (II/2b) of the derivative selected, which compounds of formula (I/A) or (I/B) is treated, if so desired, in the presence of a base such as, for example, pyridine, triethylamine or an alkali metal salt such as sodium acetate or sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate or sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate, with a compound of formula (V):

in which R.sub.1 has the same meaning as in the formula (I), or alternatively and preferably with a salt of such a product with a strong acid (hydrochloride, hydrobromide, etc.), to obtain, after purification, if desired, by chromatography on a silica column, a compound of formula (I/D): ##STR12## a special case of the compounds of formula (I) in which G denotes a group ##STR13## A, B and R.sub.4 have the same meaning as in the compounds (I/A) or (I/B) and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 the same meaning as in the formula (II), (II/2a) or (II/2b) of the compounds selected,

which is optionally purified by chromatography on a silica column using a suitable solvent mixture such as, for example, a methylene chloride/methanol mixture,

and which can, if so desired:

either be salified with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid,

or be separated into its isomers and then, if necessary, salified with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.

The compounds of formula (I) possess advantageous pharmacological properties.

In particular, these compounds are active against gram+cocci and gram-cocci, gram+bacilli (clostridia), certain gram-bacilli, Haemophilus (e.g. Haemophilus influenzae), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Brucella, Bordetella, anaerobic bacteria, mycoplasmata, rickettsiae and miyagawanellae (Chlamydia), spirochetes, protozoa and certain dermofungi.

More especially, the compounds of formula (I) possess very good antibiotic activity against pneumococci, staphylococci and streptococci. This spectrum of activity makes the compounds of formula (I) especially advantageous in the treatment of a large number of conditions; among these, it is possible to mention, by way of example, pneumococcal infections such as bronchitis, brucellosis and diphtheria, gonococcal infection, pneumonia, streptococcal infections such as acute angina, otitis, scarlet fever, sinusitis, staphylococcal infections such as staphylococcal septicemia, anthrax, erysipelas, pyoderma, acute staphylococcal infections, bronchopneumonia and plumonary suppurations.

In addition, the compounds of the present invention, by virtue of their structure, are likely to prove advantageous on account of their lack of hepatic or gastrointestinal toxicity, and this distinguishes them favorably from other families of antibiotic compounds.

The subject of the present invention is also pharmaceutical compositions containing the products of formula (I) or one of their addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic, inert vehicles or excipients.

Among the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, those which are suitable for parenteral, nasal, rectal, perlingual, ocular or respiratory administration may be mentioned more especially, and in particular injectable preparations, aerosols, eye or nose drops, simple or sugar-coated tablets, sublingual tablets, sachets, packets, gelatin capsules, sublingual preparations, bars, suppositories, creams, ointments, skin gels, and the like.

The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may also be presented in the form of a lyophilized powder for dissolution at the time of use in a suitable solvent, in particular pyrogen-free sterile water.

The appropriate dosage varies according to the patient's age and weight, the administration route and the nature of the therapeutic indication and of any associated treatments, and ranges between 1 centigram and 4 grams per dose or per application.

The examples which follow illustrate the invention and in no way limit the latter.

The .sup.13 C and .sup.1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded using TMS as internal reference.

The starting material used in the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) is tylosin, which is known in the literature.

9.16 g (10 mmol) of tylosin and 2 ml (12 mmol) of diethyl cyano phosphonate are dissolved in 200 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. 4.4 ml (22 mmol) of N,N-dibenzylamine are added and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The reaction medium is evaporated on a water bath under vacuum and the residue obtained is purified by flash chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 30:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 62%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.20 to 7.50 ppm: complex: aromatic

STAGE A: (RS)-20-DIBENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-20-DEOXOTYLOSIN

See Example 1.

STAGE B: (RS)-(9E+9Z)-9-BENZYLOXYIMINO-20-DIBENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-9,20-DIDEOXOTYLOSI N

1.12 g (1 mmol) of (RS)-20-dibenzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin, obtained above, are dissolved in 13 ml of anhydrous pyridine. 480 mg (3 mmol) of benzyloxyamine hydrochloride are added and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4 days. Ice is added and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness and the residue obtained is purified by flash chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 40:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 45%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.3 to 7.6 ppm: complex: aromatic

Using the procedure described in Example 2, but replacing benzyloxyamine hydrochloride in stage B by methoxyamine hydrochloride, the expected product is obtained.

Elution solvent for the chromatography on a silica column:methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution, 30:1:0.05.

Yield: 45%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=3.30 ppm: singlet: 3H, CH.sub.3, N--O--CH.sub.3

Using the procedure described in Example 3, but replacing methoxyamine hydrochloride by hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the expected product is obtained.

In the same manner as in Example 3, replacing methoxyamine hydrochloride by:

EXAMPLE 5: O-allylhydroxylamine hydrochloride,

EXAMPLE 6: O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride,

EXAMPLE 7: para-nitrobenzyloxyamine hydrochloride,

the following are obtained:

EXAMPLE 5: (RS)-(9E+9Z)-9-Allyloxyimino-20-Dibenzylamino-20-Cyano-9,20-Dideoxotylosin

EXAMPLE 6: (RS)-(9E+9Z)-9-Ethyloxyimino-20-Dibenzylamino-20-Cyano-9,20-Dideoxotylosin

EXAMPLE 7: (RS)-(9E+9Z)-9-(Para-Nitrobenzyloxyimino)-20-Dibenzylamino-20-Cyano-9,20-D ideoxotylosin

1.92 g (2.09 mmol) of tylosin base are dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol. 250 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 335 mg (2.09 mmol) of N-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h 30 min and evaporated on a water bath under vacuum. The residue obtained is purified by flash chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 20:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 75%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=4.8 ppm: singlet: 2H, CH.sub.2, --C.sub.6 H.sub.5

STAGE A: 20-DEOXOTYLOSIN 20-N-BENZYL NITRONE

Obtained in Example 8.

STAGE B: (9E+9Z)-9-BENZYLOXYIMINO-9,20-DIDEOXOTYLOSIN 20-N-BENZYL NITRONE

500 mg (0.49 mmol) of 20-deoxotylosin 20-N-benzyl nitrone, obtained in the preceding stage, are dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous pyridine. 235 mg (1.47 mmol) of benzyloxyamine hydrochloride are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Ice is then added and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude residue is purified by chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 20:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 55%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=5.10, 2.times.2H, 2CH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5)

.delta.=7.40, 2.times.5H, aromatic

Using the procedure described in Example 9, and replacing benzyloxyamine hydrochloride in stage B by:

EXAMPLE 10: methoxyamine hydrochloride

EXAMPLE 11: para-nitrobenzyloxyamine hydrochloride

the following are obtained:

EXAMPLE 10: (9E+9Z)-9-Methoxyimino-9,20-Dideoxotylosin 20-N-Benzyl Nitrone

EXAMPLE 11: (9E+9Z)-9-(Para-Nitrobenzyloxymino)-9,20-Dideoxotylosin 20-N-Benzyl Nitrone

500 mg of tylosin base (0.55 mmol) and 0.11 ml (0.66 mmol) of diethyl cyanophosphonate are dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. 0.13 ml of benzylamine is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The tetrahydrofuran is evaporated off on a water bath under vacuum. The crude residue is purified by chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 40:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent; each of the two isomers (R) and (S), is obtained in a 20% yield for each isomer, followed by a mixture of the two isomers.

Overall yield: 50%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.30 ppm: complex: aromatic rings.

STAGE A: (R)-20-BENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-20-DEOXOTYLOSIN

See Example 12.

STAGE B: (R)-(9E+9Z)-9-BENZYLOXYIMINO-20-BENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-9,20-DIDEOXOTYLOSIN

1.4 mg (1.36 mmol) of (R)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin are dissolved in 13 ml of pyridine, and 650 mg (4.1 mmol) of benzyloxyamine hydrochloride are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 days at room temperature, ice is added and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The extract is dried over sodium sulfate. It is filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue obtained is purified by chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 40:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 53%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.30 ppm: complex: aromatic rings.

Using the procedure described in Example 13, but employing (S)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin instead of (R)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin after stage A, the expected product is obtained.

Yield: 40%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.30 ppm: complex: aromatic rings.

STAGE A: (R)-20-BENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-20-DEOXOTYLOSIN

Obtained in Example 12.

STAGE B: (R)-(9E+9Z)-9-METHOXYIMINO-20-BENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-9,20-DIDEOXOTYLOSIN

1 g (0.97 mmol) of (R)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin is dissolved in 10 ml of pyridine. 250 mg (3 mmol) of methoxyamine hydrochloride are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 8 days at room temperature. Ice is added, the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride, the extract is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness and the residue is purified by flash chromatography on a silica 60 column, using a 40:1:0.05 methylene chloride/methanol/ammonia solution mixture as eluent.

Yield: 25%

Spectral characteristics: .sup.1 H NMR (.delta.=ppm)

.delta.=7.35 ppm: complex: aromatic.

Using the procedure described in Example 15, but replacing (R)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin in stage A by (S)-20-benzylamino-20-cyano-20-deoxotylosin, the expected product is obtained.

By replacing methoxyamine hydrochloride in Examples 15 and 16 by para-nitrobenzyloxyamine hydrochloride, the expected products are obtained.

STAGE A: DEMYCAROSYLTYLOSIN

4 g (0.004 mmol) of tylosin base in 80 ml of 0.2N hydrochloric acid are stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction medium obtained is washed with dichloromethane and the aqueous phase is separated and adjusted to pH 8.0. The latter phase is extracted twice with 120 ml of dichloromethane, and the organic phases are combined, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue consists of demycarosyltylosin.

Yield: 94%

Spectral characteristics: Mass spectrometry: [M - H].sup.+ : M/Z: 772

STAGE B: DEMYCAROSYLDEMYCINOSYLTYLOSIN

5 g (0.0065 mmol) of demycarosyltylosin, obtained in stage A, are dissolved in 110 ml of 0.5N hydrochloric acid and the mixture is stirred for approximately 27 hours at 75.degree. C. The reaction medium is washed with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase is recovered, adjusted to pH 8 and extracted twice with 120 ml of dichloromethane. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (eluent: CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 /MeOH/NH.sub.4 OH, 10:1:0.05) to obtain the gel (eluent: CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 /MeOH/NH.sub.4 OH, 10:1:0.05) to obtain the expected product.

Yield: 20%

Spectral characteristics: Mass spectrometry: [M - H].sup.+ : M/Z: 598

STAGE C: (9E+9Z)-9-BENZYLOXYIMINO-20-DIBENZYLAMINO-20-CYANO-9,20-DIDEOXODEMYCAROSYL DEMYCINOSYLTYLOSIN

Using the procedure described in Example 2, but replacing tylosin by demycarosyldemycinosyltylosin, the expected product is obtained.

Using the procedure described in Example 9, but replacing tylosin in stage A by demycarosyldemycinysyltylosin obtained in stage B of Example 19, the expected product is obtained.

Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) is performed:

for staphylococci and enterococci (group D streptococci), in MUELLER HINTON agar or liquid medium;

for Haemophilus, non-D streptococci and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, determination of the MIC is performed according to the dilution method in cooked blood agar medium enriched with Polyvitex* mixture. Culturing is carried out in a CO.sub.2 -enriched atmosphere.

Reading of the MIC is performed after 18 hours' incubation at 37.degree. C.

The products are tested in a concentration range from 0.125 to 256 mg/l (successive doubling dilutions).

The minimal inhibitory concentrations are of the order of:

1 mg. 1.sup.-1 for Staphylococcus aureus, groups B, C,

0.5 mg. 1.sup.-1 for group A streptococci;

0.1 mg. 1.sup.-1 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

These studies collectively show the advantageous antibiotic activity of the product of the invention, in respect of both the intensity of its activity and also the breadth of its spectrum of action.

Tablets containing 100 mg of (9E+9Z)-9-benzyloxyimino-20-dibenzylamino-20-cyano-9,20-dideoxotylosin.

Preparation formula for 1000 tablets.