Subcaliber Discarding Sabot Projectile

The present invention relates to a subcaliber discarding sabot projectile. More particularly the present invention relates to subcaliber, spin stabilized, discarding sabot projectile in which the discardable sabot, which completely encloses the projectile body, includes a base portion and a hood portion connected to the base portion, and with the hood portion being provided with a plurality of grooves as desired break locations which extend in the longitudinal direction of the projectile on the circumferential surface of the hood portion and along which the propelling cage tears open after firing and after the projectile has left the gun muzzle, with the projectile body initiating the release process for the individual propelling cage segments.

Such a discarding sabot projectile is disclosed, for example, in FIG. 1 of published European patent application No. 0,051,375 A2, published May 12th, 1982. In such a discarding sabot projectile arrangement, the weight of the discarding sabot should be as low as possible and the ammunition should have a high hit probability while having the lowest possible manufacturing price.

In the disclosed discarding sabot projectile, when the discarding sabot segments are released from the projectile body after leaving the gun muzzle, the centrifugal forces occurring at the tip of the discarding sabot hood are only slight due to the tip being in the vicinity of the longitudinal axis of the projectile (spin axis), and consequently the release of the propelling cage segments, i.e. the hood segments, begins at the tail of the projectile body. Thus the process of releasing the propelling cage segments from the projectile body occurs relatively slowly. The propelling cage segments, which are still connected in the center at the front or tip of the sabot hood, are decelerated considerably and interfere with the free flight of the subcaliber projectile until the propelling cage segments have also torn apart at the tip of the hood. This causes the development of relatively strong interfering influences, resulting in pendulum effects on the projectile body, oblique landings (oblique hits in the target) and great hitting inaccuracies.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the behavior of the propelling cage segments when they are released from the projectile body, in particular, to make the release substantially uniform and symmetrical and thus, by avoiding interfering influences, increase the performance and hit accuracy of the projectile in the target.

The above object is generally achieved according to the present invention by a subcaliber, spin stabilized, discarding sabot projectile of the type including a projectile body, with a conically tapered tip, and a discardable sabot which completely encloses said projectile body and includes a base portion and a plastic hood portion connected to the base portion, and with the hood portion having an inner conical surface which contacts at least a portion of the conically tapered tip of the projectile body and being provided, on its circumferential surface, with a plurality of symmetrically disposed grooves which extend in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and form desired break locations along which the hood portion tears open into a plurality of segments after firing from a weapon and after the projectile has left the weapon muzzle; wherein the plastic material of the hood portion in the bottom of each of the longitudinal grooves, at least in the region of the conically tapered projectile tip, has such a small wall thickness that a given crack formation is already initiated when the discarding sabot projectile is introduced, in rapid succession, into a cartridge chamber of a weapon to cause the material to be slightly separated at the desired break locations.

With a discarding sabot projectile according to the invention, the loading stress produced by the ammunition (e.g. of 25, 35 or 40 mm caliber) which is loaded into the cartridge chamber of the weapon in rapid succession (e.g., 400 to 600 rounds per minute) causes all desired break locations (e.g., 4, in a propelling cage or sabot composed of four segments) in the forward region or hood of the propelling cage sabot and in the region of the conically tapered projectile body, to at least partially tear open while still in the cartridge chamber, and to thus separate the propelling cage into wedge-like segments.

The present invention further reduces the weight of the propelling cage and manufacturing costs are low. The acceleration in the barrel upon firing produces a gas column in front of the discarding sabot projectile which generates a counter pressure on the foremost, flat tip of the propelling cage hood, causing the crack formation initiated during loading to progress and the desired break locations to tear further open toward the front so that a uniform, symmetrical and simultaneous release of the propelling cage segments takes place immediately after the projectile leaves the muzzle and does not interfere with the subcaliber projectile body. The individual propelling cage segments are released almost simultaneously at the front and back, i.e. almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. In contrast to the above identified known arrangement, the release process is initiated at the tip of the propelling cage hood, since this is the part which leaves the muzzle first .

The FIGURE is a longitudinal sectional view of a subcaliber discarding sabot projectile according to the invention with the section being along two non-aligned radii, i.e. an angle other than 180.degree. is formed at the center axis.

Referring now to the FIGURE, there is shown a subcaliber discarding sabot projectile 10 which includes a projectile body 12 which is completely enclosed in a propelling cage sabot. The projectile body 12 has a cylindrical center section 14, a slightly conical tail section 16 and a conically tapered tip section 18, while the propelling cage sabot, which completely encloses the projectile body 12, includes a forward hood or propelling cage portion 20 and a rearward gas-receiving, spin-imparting bottom 22 which is releasably connected to the propelling cage or hood portion 20. The hood portion 20 is preferably formed of a plastic material while the bottom portion 22 is composed, for example, of an aluminum alloy, and is provided with a circumferential rotating and sealing band 24.

The hood or propelling cage portion 20 of the sabot is provided on its circumferential surface with a plurality of symmetrically disposed longitudinally extending grooves 25 which determine predetermined or desired break locations for the portion 20 of the sabot to divide same into a plurality of segments. As shown, the grooves 25 preferably extend over substantially the entire length of the hood portion 20. In the illustrated embodiment the hood portion 20 is provided with a further plurality of longitudinally extending grooves 27, which are symmetrically disposed between the grooves 25, and which serve simply to reduce the weight of the sabot.

In the front half of the propelling cage sabot, and particularly at least in the rear region of the conical tip 18 of the projectile body which is in contact with the inner conical surface of the hood portion 20, the longitudinal grooves 25 have only a slight remaining wall thickness 26 which is sufficiently small that crack formation along the bottoms of the grooves 25 is already initiated when the discarding sabot projectile 10 is introduced into the cartridge chamber of a weapon in a rapid succession. The wall thickness 26 is, for example, 0.15 to 0.5 mm, preferably about 0.3 mm (shown in the upper left half of the drawing), while the minimum wall thickness 28 of the propelling cage segments in this region is about 3 to 6 mm (shown in the upper right half of the drawing).

In the tip region of the propelling cage sabot hood 20, the longitudinal grooves 25 extend over the flat, disc-shaped tip 30 of the propelling cage or hood portion 20 and intersect at a right angle if the propelling cage is subdivided, for example, into four identical propelling cage segments, i.e., by means of four grooves 25. Beginning approximately at half the length of the conical projectile tip 18, the inner surface of the hood is such that the propelling cage segments no longer lie against the conical surface of the projectile body 18, so that a cavity 32 is produced in the forward tip region of the propelling cage hood.

In the rear region 34 of projectile tip 18, wherein the inner surface of the propelling cage hood 20 lies closely against the outer surface of the projectile body 12, force lines, which are shown schematically by arrows 33, which extend toward the exterior when the discarding sabot projectile is inserted into a cartridge chamber. As a result, according to the invention, the first initiation of crack formation (partial bursting open in the longitudinal direction) takes place at the desired break location, i.e., along the bottoms of the longitudinal grooves 25, when the projectile 10 is loaded into the chamber of the weapon in rapid succession. During acceleration upon firing, this crack travels forward to the propelling cage tip 30 which breaks open immediately along the intersecting desired break lines as soon as the outer guidance from the gun barrel is no longer provided, i.e. when about one-half of the discarding sabot projectile 10 has come out of the muzzle, and releases projectile body 12 without disadvantageously interfering with it. Thus, this break-up work with respect to both time and forces is very advantageously moved from a location in front of the gun barrel (as in the known arrangements) into the gun barrel itself.

The invention now being fully described, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that any changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth herein.