US 4,968,691 AGrant
Heterocyclo-Substituted Azabicyclo Muscannic Agonists
Issue Date:1990-11-06
•11 Claims
Abstract
A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## in which X represents a group ##STR2## in which p represents an integer of 2 to 4; r represents an integer of 1 or 2; s represents 0 or 1; and A represents a 3-membered divalent residue completing a 5-membered aromatic ring and comprises one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, any amino nitrogen optionally substituted by a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, and when (p,r,s) is (2,2,0) or (2,2,1) any A comprising 2 heteroatoms is optionally C-substituted by a methyl group, and when (p,r,s) is (2,1,0), (2,1,1) or (3,1,0) any A comprising 2 heteroatoms is optionally C-substituted by C.sub.1-2 alkyl and any A comprising one heteroatom is optionally C-substituted by a methyl group, and wherein compounds of formula (I) having two asymetric centers have the stereo-chemical configuration in which the group X and the (CH.sub.2).sub.r bridge are on the same side of the plane of the molecule which contains both bridgehead atoms and the ring carbon atom bonded to the group X. The compounds of the present invention enhance acetylcholine function via an action at muscarinic receptors within the central nervous system and are therefore of potential use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of dementia in mammals.
Metadata
Assignee
- Beecham Group P.L.C.
Inventors
- Barry S. Orlek
- Michael S. Hadley
- Howard E. Rosenberg
- Harry J. Wadsworth
Application Information
Application Number:US 3207072
Filing Date:1989-03-07
Priority Date:1986-06-27
Art Unit:121
Classifications
IPC:
A61K 3133C07D41714C07D41314
Field of Search:
548546514214;181;235;247;336;374;134;136;127;128;131112;133299;305;374;378;365;372;397;406;361;362;363;364
Patent Drawings
This patent does not have any drawings.
Description
EXAMPLE 1
(.+-.) 3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (E1) ##STR32##
(.+-.) 1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-N-[1-(dimethylamino)-ethylidene]-carboxamide (D3) (1.28 g; 6.0 mmoles) was treated with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.53 g; 7.5 mmoles) in aqueous sodium hydroxide (7.5 ml of 1M NaOH) and then diluted with dioxane (7.5 ml) followed by glacial acetic acid (10 ml). After stirring at room temperature for 30 min., the mixture was heated at 90.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water (20 ml) and saturated with potassium carbonate. After extraction into chloroform (4.times.20 ml) the organic layers were dried (NaSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude oil. Removal of polar impurities by extraction of the product into ether and filtration afforded the title compound as an oil (0.85 g; 72%) which was converted into the oxalate salt, m.p. 112.degree.-115.degree. C. (acetone/methanol/ether).
Oxalate: Ir (KBr) .nu.C=N 1580 cm.sup.-1.
.sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 1.55-1.85 (2H,m), 1.85-2.10 (2H,m), 2.37 (3H,s), 2.43 (1H,m), 3.15-3.30 (4H,m), 3.50-3.83 (3H,m). .sup.13 C Nmr (CD.sub.3 OD+d.sub.6 -DMSO),
.delta.: 12.08, 20.04, 23.90, 25.63, 33.52, 46.90, 47.22, 49.92, 166.40, 168.34, 180.10.
Analysis: C.sub.10 H.sub.15 N.sub.3 O. C.sub.2 H.sub.2 O.sub.4. Requires: C: 50.88; H: 6.05; N: 14.83. Found: C: 50.69; H: 6.37; N: 14.73.
EXAMPLE 2
(.+-.) 3-(5-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (E2) ##STR33##
(.+-.}1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-(N-hydroxy)-carboxiidamide (D4) (0.37 g; 2.2 mmoles) was heated with acetic anhydride (5 ml) at 120.degree. C. for 2 h. Excess reagent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was treated with water (15 ml) and then saturated with potassium carbonate. After extraction into ethyl acetate (4.times.20 ml) the combined organic layers were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo. Removal of polar impurities by extraction of product into ether afforded the title compound as a colourless gum which was purified as the oxalate salt.
Oxalate: Ir (KBr) .nu.C=N 1580 cm.sup.-1
.sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO). .delta.: 1.66-1.82 (2H,m), 1.85-2.15 (2H,m), 2.34 (1H,m), 2.60 (3H,s), 3.16-3.38 (4H,m), 3.40-3.7 (3H,m).
.sup.13 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 11.99, 18.51, 22.82, 23.98, 31.30, 45.13, 45.44, 47.90, 164.70, 170.12, 177.50.
EXAMPLE 3
(.+-.) exo-3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane (E3) ##STR34##
(.+-.) exo-1-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-N-[1-(dimethylamino)-ethylidene]-carboxami de prepared as outlined in Description 7 was treated with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.22 g; 3.1 mmoles) in aqueous sodium hydroxide (3.1 ml of 1M NaOH) and then diluted with dioxane (5 ml) followed by glacial acetic acid (10 ml). After stirring at room temperature for 30 min., the mixture was heated at 90.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water (20 ml) and saturated with potassium carbonate. After extraction into chloroform (4.times.50 ml) the organic layers were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude oil. Removal of polar impurities by extraction of the product into ether and filtration afforded the title compound as an oil which was converted into the oxalate salt. m.p. 149.degree.-152.degree. (acetone)
Oxalate: Ir .nu. (C=N) 1570 c.sup.-1 MS calculated mass for C.sub.10 H.sub.15 N.sub.3 O=193.1206 observed mass=193.1216
.sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 1.84-2.04 (2H,m), 2.06-2.2 (2H,m), 2.44 (3H,s), 2.71, (1H,m), 3.1-3.15 (1H,m), 3.4-3.5 (4H,m), 3.6-3.65 (1H,m), 3.86 (1H,heptet).
.sup.13 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 11.02, 26.69, 27.17, 32.18, 32.63, 48.88, 52.71, 57.26, 164.54, 166.68, 178.26.
EXAMPLE 4
(.+-.) 3-(5-Methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (E4) ##STR35##
(.+-.) 1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide (D8) (0.36 g; 2.1 mmoles) and triethyl orthoacetate (3 ml) were heated at 120.degree. C. for 2 h. Excess triethyl orthoacetate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was heated for a further 2 h at 140.degree. C. The reaction was diluted with water (10 ml), saturated with potassium carbonate and extracted into ether (3.times.15 ml). Combined organic extracts were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (0.29 g; 72%), which was purified as the oxalate salt. m.p. 147.degree.-8.degree. (Acetone-methanol).
Oxalate: Ir (KBr) .nu. C=N 1590, 1560 cm.sup.-1 .sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 1.60-1.80 (2H,m), 1.80-2.08 (2H,m), 2.38 (1H,m), 2.48 (3H,s), 3.15-3.32 (4H,m), 3.52-3.73 (3H,m).
.sup.--3 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 10.5, 18.6, 22.5, 23.6, 30.8, 45.1, 45.3, 47.6, 164.3, 164.5, 166.0.
EXAMPLE 5
(.+-.) 3-(1,3-Oxazol-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (E5) ##STR36##
A stirred mixture of (.+-.) 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxamide (D2) (2.3 g; 0.015 moles) and vinylene carbonate (1.33 g; 0.016 moles) in polyphosphoric acid was placed in an oil bath at 120.degree. and the temperature was raised to 180.degree. over a period of 45 min. After cooling the reaction was treated with ice and washed with ether (100 ml). The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to 9 with 40% sodium hydroxide and potassium carbonate was then added until saturation point. Extraction with ether (4.times.100 ml) followed by drying (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentration in vacuo afforded a crude oil (1.45 g). Purification on neutral alumina (Brockmann grade 1) using a graded eluant of 2%-6% methanol in ethyl acetate produced the title compound as a pale yellow oil (0.74 g; 28%) which was converted into the oxalate salt, m.p. 98.degree.-101.degree. C. (acetone-methanol).
Oxalate: Ir (KBr) .nu. (C=N) 1560 cm.sup.-1 .sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 1.55 (1H,m), 1.73 (1H,m), 1.88-2.10 (2H,m), 2.37 (1H,m), 3.12-3.35 (4H,m), 3.55-3.72 (3H,m), 7.24 (1H,s), 8.14 (1H,s).
.sup.13 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.18.73, 22.48, 24.24, 32.89, 45.06, 45.38, 48.12, 126.79, 140.47, 163.50, 164.82
Analysis: C.sub.10 H.sub.14 N.sub.2 O. C.sub.2 H.sub.2 O.sub.4 requires: C: 53.73; H: 6.01; N: 10.44 found: C: 53.52; H: 6.11; N: 10.30.
EXAMPLE 6
(.+-.) exo-6-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane (E6) ##STR37##
A solution of (.+-.) exo- 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxamide (D11) (0.4 g; 0.0026 mole) in N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal (2.5 g) was heated at 120.degree. C. for 1.5 h. The excess reagent was then evaporated in vacuo and the crude ethylidine carboxamide treated with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.226 g; 0.0033 mole) in aqueous sodium hydroxide (3.2 ml, 1M). Acetic acid (5 ml) and dioxan (5 ml) were added immediately to the stirred reaction mixture and, after 30 minutes at room temperature, the temperature was raised to 90.degree. C. for 1 h. The reaction was then concentrated in vacuo and the residue taken up in aqueous saturated potassium carbonate. The aqueous solution was extracted with chloroform (4.times.20 ml) and the organic extract was dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to a gum. Chromatography on alumina in a gradient of 3-10% methanol in ethyl acetate afforded 2 fractions. The major second fraction afforded (.+-.) exo- 6-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (220 mg, 44%) as a colourless oil. The oxalate salt was prepared by treating the oil (200 mg) in ether with oxalic acid (100 mg) in methanol (1 ml). The oxalate salt (270 mg) was recrystallised from methanol/ether, m.p. 137.degree.-138.degree. C.,
found: C, 50.63; H, 6.15; N, 15.05%. C.sub.12 H.sub.17 N.sub.3 O.sub.5 requires: C, 50.88; H, 6.05; N, 14.83%, .sup.1 H nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO), .delta.: 1.7-2.1 (4H, m, 3-CH.sub.2, 4-CH.sub.2); 2.325 (3H, s, CH.sub.3); 2.82 (1H, m, 5-CH); 3.2-3.35 (4H, m, 2-CHhd 2; 8-CH.sub.2); 3.6-3.7 (1H, m, 6-H); 3.8-3.95 (2H, m, 7-CH.sub.2); 4.6 (2H, br, OH).
EXAMPLE 7
(.+-.) 3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (E7) ##STR38##
Compound E7 is prepared analogously to compound E1 from the nitrile D1. The nitrile is first converted via the carboxamide to the thioamide by treatment with either phosphorus pentasulphide or with Lawesson's reagent (S. Scheibye, B. S. Pederson and S. O. Lawesson, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1978, 87(3), 229. The thioamide is treated with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethylacetal at ambient temperature, to yield the thioacyl amidine D18: ##STR39## which is cyclised by treatment with a suitable hydroxylamine derivative such as hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid in the presence of pyridine, in an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol at ambient temperature, or O-(mesitylene sulphonyl)hydroxylamine in dichloromethane at a temperature of 0.degree.-25.degree. C.
EXAMPLES 8
(.+-.) 3-(1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-y.)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (E8) ##STR40##
A mixture of (.+-.) 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide (D8, 0.5 g, 3.0 mmoles) and triethyl orthoformate (5 ml) was heated under nitrogen at 120.degree. for 8 h. Excess triethyl orthoformate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was heated at 140.degree. under nitrogen for 2.5 h. The reaction was diluted with water (10 ml) and saturated with potassium carbonate. Extraction into ether (4.times.10 ml) followed by drying (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentration in vacuo afforded the title compound (E8) as a yellow oil (0.13 g; 25%) which was purified as the oxalate salt (mp=146.degree.-148.degree. C. from acetone-methanol).
Oxalate: Ir (KBr) .nu..sub.C=N 1565 cm.sup.-1 .sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 1.50-1.85 (2H, m), 1.85-2.10 (2H, m), 2.40 (1H, m), 3.12-3.35 (4H, m), 3.55-3.85 (3H, m), 9.28 (1H, s).
.sup.13 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO) .delta.: 18.72, 22.53, 23.75, 30.92, 45.10, 45.42, 47.79, 155.10, 164.76, 166.03.
EXAMPLE 9
(.+-.) exo-3-(1,3-Oxazol-2-yl 1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (E9) ##STR41##
A stirred mixture of (.+-.) exo-1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3-carboxamide (D13) (0.77 g, 0.0046 mole) and vinylene carbonate (0.398 g, 0.0047 mole) in polyphosporic acid (PPA) (17 g) was heated in an oil bath at 120.degree. C. and the temperature raised to 140.degree. C. over 1.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was treated with ice (50 ml), allowed to stand for 1 h, and washed with diethyl ether (50 ml). The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH9 with 40% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and solid potassium carbonate added until saturation point. The solution was extracted with diethyl ether (4.times.200 ml) , dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4), filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give an orange oil (360 mg). Column chromatography on neutral alumina eluting with methanol (1%)/ethyl acetate gave (.+-.) exo-3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (E9) (160 mg, 18%) which was converted into the oxalate salt, m.p. 137.degree.-138.degree. C.
Free base: Ir (CHCl.sub.3) .nu. (C=N) 1565 cm.sup.-1
Oxalate: .sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO, 400 MHz) .delta.: 1.68-2.07 (5H, m, 2.times.CH.sub.2, CH), 2.15-2.30 (3H, m, CH.sub.2, CH), 3.30-3.54 (4H, m, 2.times.CH.sub.2 N), 3.70-4.02 (2H, m, CH.sub.2 N), 7.18 (1H, s, oxazole HCN), 8.10 ((1H, s, oxazole HCO).
.sup.13 C Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO, 100 MHz) .delta.: 18.95, 24.08, 25.62, 30.00, 31.46, 50.05, 51.23, 51.50, 126.67, 139.65, 163.62 and 164.41.
Analysis: C.sub.11 H.sub.16 N.sub.2 O.C.sub.2 H.sub.2 O.sub.4 Requires: C: 55.31; H: 6.43; N: 9.92; Found C: 55.16; H: 6.27; N: 9.66.
M.S. Calculated mass for C.sub.11 H.sub.16 N.sub.2 O=192.1263 observed mass=192.1250.
EXAMPLE 10
(.+-.) exo-3-(3-Methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.1]heptane (E10) ##STR42##
A solution of (.+-.) exo-methyl 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-3-carboxylate (D16) (950 mg, 0.0062 mole) in 8M hydrochloric acid (70 ml) was heated under reflux for 2.5 h, then concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow semisolid. This material was treated with thionyl chloride, (20 ml) and heated under reflux for 4.5 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue dissolved in absolute chloroform (130 ml), treated with acetamide oxime (D17, 550 mg, 0.0074 mole) and heated under reflux for 4 h. The reaction mixture was basified with saturated potassium carbonate solution and extracted with chloroform (3.times.70 ml). The combined extracts were dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and concentrated to leave an orange oil, which was treated with xylene (100 ml) and heated under reflux for 1.5 h, using a Dean and Stark head to trap water formed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to leave an orange oil, which was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 2 % methanol/chloroform to give the title compound (E10) as a colourless oil. This was converted to its oxalate salt and recrystallised from ethanol/ether to give a white solid (190 mg, 11%) m.p. 116.degree.-120.degree.C.
Oxalate:- .sup.1 H Nmr (d.sub.6 -DMSO), 1.75-1.87 (1H, m), 1.95-2.10 (1H, m), 2.35 (3H, s, CH.sub.3), 3.10-3.40 (5H, m), 3.53-3.70 (3H, m).
M.S. Calculated mass for C.sub.9 H.sub.13 N.sub.3 O=179.1059, Observed mass=179.1041.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Radio ligand Binding
Cerebral cortex from Hooded Lister rats (Olac, UK) is homogenised in 2.5 vols ice-cold 50 mM tris buffer pH 7 7 (at 25.degree. C.). After centrifugation at 25,000.times.g at 4.degree. C. for 15 min the pellet is resuspended in 2.5 vols buffer and the wash repeated 3 times more. The final resuspension is in 2.5 volumes and the homogenates are stored in 1 ml aliquots at -20.degree. C.
Incubations (total volume 2 ml) are prepared using the above buffer with the addition of 2 mM magnesium chloride in the 3H-Oxotremorine-M (3H-OXO-M) experiments. For 3H-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate (3H-QNB), 1 ml of stored membranes is diluted to 30 ml and 0.1 ml mixed with test compound and 0.27 nM (c. 25,000 cpm) 3H-QNB (Amersham International). For 3H-OXO-M, 1 ml of membranes is diluted to 6 ml and 0.1 ml mixed with test compound and 2nM (c. 250,000 cpm) 3H-OXO-M (New England Nuclear).
Non-specific binding of 3H-QNB is defined using 1 .mu.M Atropine sulphate (2 .mu.M Atropine) and of 3H-OXO-M using 10 .mu.M Oxotremorine. Non-specific binding values typically are 5% and 25% of total binding, respectively. Incubations are carried out at 37.degree. C. for 30 min and the samples filtered using Whatman GF/B filters. (In the 3H-OXO-M experiments the filters are presoaked for 30 min in 0.05% polyethylenimine in water). Filters are washed with 3.times.4 ml ice-cold buffer. Radioactivity is assessed using a Packard BPLD scintillation counter, 3 ml Pico-Fluor 30 (Packard) as scintillant.
This test provides an indication of the muscarinic binding activity of the test compound. The results are obtained as IC.sub.50 values (i.e. the concentration which inhibits binding of the ligand by 50%) for the displacement of the muscarini agonist 3H-OXO-M and the muscarinic antagonist 3H-QNB. The ratio IC.sub.50 (3H-QNB)/IC.sub.50 (3H-OXO-M) gives an indication of the agonist character of the compound. Agonists typically exhibit a large ration; antagonists typically exhibit a ratio near to unity.
The results are shown in Table 1:
Claims
We claim:
1. A compound of formula (I) ##STR43## in which X represents a group ##STR44## in which p represents an integer of 2 to 4; r represents an integer of 1 or 2; s represents 0 or 1; and A represents a 3-membered divalent residue completing a 5-membered aromatic ring and comprises one heteratom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur or two heteroatoms selected from sulphur and nitrogen, any amino nitrogen optionally substituted by a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, and when (p,r,s) is (2,2,0) or (2,2,1) any A comprising two heteroatomas is optionally C-substituted by a methyl group, and when (p,r,s) is (2,1,1) or (3,1,0) any A comprising two heteroatoms is optionally C-substituted by C.sub.1-2 alkyl and any A comprising one heteroatom is optionally C-substituted by a methyl group, and wherein compounds of formula (I) having two asymetric centres have the stereo-chemical configuration in which the group X and the (CH.sub.2).sub.r bridge are on the same side of the plane of the molecule which contains both bridge head atoms and the ring carbon atom bonded to the group X.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein any ring carbon bonded to two heteroatoms in X is alkyl-substituted.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein any amino nitrogen is optionally substituted by C.sub.1-2 alkyl.
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein any alkyl moiety in X is methyl.
5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the azole moiety is 3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl or 1,3-oxazol-2-yl.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein (p,r,s) is (2,2,0), (2,1,1), (3,1,1), (2,1,0) or (3,1,0).
7. (.+-.) 3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-azabicylo[2.2.2]octane, (.+-.) 3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or (.+-.) exo-3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.
8. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR45## in which p represents 2, 3 or 4; r represents 1 or 2; and s represents 0 or 1; in which X represents a group ##STR46## wherein Y.sup.2 is CH, or is nitrogen when Z.sup.2 is NR.sub.4 ; Z.sup.2 ir oxygen or NR.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; when (p,r,s) is (2,2,0), (2,2,1), (2,1,0) (2,1,1) or (3.1.0) and Y.sup.2 is nitrogen, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl; and when (p,r,s) is (2,1,0), (2,1,1) or (3,1,0) and Y.sup.2 is CH, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, otherwise R.sub.3 is hydrogen; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are not both an alkyl group; and wherein compounds of formula (I) having two assymetric centers have the stereo-chemical configuration in which the group X and the (CH.sub.2).sub.r bridge are on the same side of the plane of the molecule which contains both bridgehead atoms and the ring carbon atom bonded to the group X.
9. A compound of formula (IA.sub.i) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR47## wherein p represents 2,3 or 4; r represents 1 or 2; and s represents 0 or 1; wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are both hydrogen or, when (p,r,s) is (2,1,0), (2,1,1) or (3,1,0), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 not both being methyl; and wherein compounds of formula (IA.sub.i) having two asymmetric centers have the stereo-chemical configuration in which the oxazole group and the (CH.sub.2).sub.r bridge are on the same side of the plane of the molecule which contains both bridgehead atoms and the ring carbon atom bonded to the oxazole group.
10. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of dementia in mammals comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claim 1, 8 or 9 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
11. A method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of dementia in mammals which comprises administering to an individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claim 1, 8 or 9.
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