Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
I. Introduction and Environment.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience and reference only and will not be limiting. For example, the words "upwardly", "downwardly", "rightwardly" and "leftwardly" will refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words "inwardly" and "outwardly" will refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the structure and designated parts thereof. Said terminology will include the words specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.
Referring to the drawings in more detail, the reference numeral 20 generally designates a wall panel or partition system embodying the present invention. The system 20 may be free-standing or freely-supported on a floor surface 22, and may be utilized to subdivide an enclosed area, e.g. in an office building, into multiple discrete work stations or cubicles 24. The cubicles 24 can include various furniture and fixtures, such as desks, work surfaces, shelving units, seating, etc.; and can also include various equipment for the activities conducted therein. The panel system 20 can provide support for certain built-in and modular units mounted thereon. Alternatively, free-standing furiture can be placed in the cubicles 24 whereby the panel system 20 primarily functions to partition the cubicles 24 from each other and to provide a degree of visual and acoustical privacy. Such fixtures, furniture, units and equipment are not shown.
The office arrangement defined by the wall system 20 is sometimes referred to in the trade as an "open plan" office arrangement, which can be understood to mean that the partitions do not extend full height to the ceiling above and that doors are not generally provided for ingress and egress. Wall panel systems such as that shown at 20 can be configured in practically an unlimited variety of layouts.
The wall system 20 generally comprises a plurality of discrete panels 26a-26e, a structural connecting subsystem 28 innerconnecting the panels 26a-26e, and a trim subsystem 30 for finishing and concealing the panel edges and intersections.
II. Panels 26a-26e.
The panel system 20 includes narrow, medium width and wide panels 26a, 26b, 26c; a curved panel 26d and a short panel 26e. However, panels of various widths and configurations could be successfully employed with the system of the present invention, and a variety of such sizes and configurations might be offered to accommodate various panel system configurations. Each panel 26a-26e includes upper and lower edges 32, 34; opposite first and second side edges 36, 38; and opposite first and second faces 40, 42.
Respective adjacent panel side edges 36, 38 are innerconnected at panel intersections 44a-44g. Exemplary panel intersections include right angle or ninety degree 44a, tee or three-way 44b, four-way cross 44c, one hundred thirty-five degree obtuse angle 44d, permanent wall 44e, straight line multi-height 44f and straight line 44g. A wide variety of other intersection configurations could be accommodated with the trim system 30 of the present invention. Each panel 26a-26e can include a generally rectangular (curved in the case of curved panel 26d) subframe (not shown). An upwardly open upper channel 46 is mounted on top of the subframe and forms a longitudinallyextending raceway 48. Wiring (not shown) for communications cables and the like can be run in the upper raceway 48. Each upper channel 46 includes a parallel, longitudinallyextending pair of side flanges 45 extending upwardly from a bottom or connecting flange 47 and terminating at respective upper beaded edges 50.
At the panel lower edge 34 an I-member 52 is mounted on the subframe and forms a pair of parallel, longitudinally extending lower raceways 54, each accessible from a respective panel face 40, 42 and each being adapted to receive electrical power cables, wiring and the like, which can be attached to electrical power junction boxes (not shown) mounted in or on the I-member 52. Each panel 26a-26e includes a pair of square-tubular legs 56 extending downwardly from its lower edge 34 adjacent the first and second side edges 36, 38 and threadably mounting a foot 58 for panel height adjustment and alignment.
At each side edge 36, 38 a side standard 60 is mounted on the subframe and includes a pair of transversely-spaced, vertically-extending side flanges 62 projecting inwardly from a transverse, connecting flange 64. Each side flange 62 includes a plurality of vertically-aligned, closelyspaced side slots 66 and end slots 67.
First and second wallboards 68, 70 are mounted at the first and second faces 40, 42 respectively and can comprise sheets or panels of acoustical material covered by fabric. The interior of the panel can include acoustical insulation (not shown) within the subframe and between the wallboards 68, 70. A pair of vertically extending corner edges 65 are formed by each side standard 60 at the intersections of its side flanges 62 and connecting flange 64.
III. Structural Connecting Subsystem 28.
The structural connecting subsystem 28 includes upper connecting members 76a-76g (FIGS. 16a-16g) comprising a right angle or ninety-degree member 76a, a tee or three-way member 76b, a four-way cross member 76c, a one hundred thirty-five degree obtuse angle connector 76d, a three-way multi-height connector 76e, a multi-height straight line or wall connector 76f, and a straight line member 76g. The upper connecting members 76a-76g are adapted for placement in the upper channels 46 where they are screwed to the upper channel bottom flanges 47 by screws 78 received in screw receivers 80 formed in the respective legs of the upper connecting members 76a-76g.
The three-way multi-height connector 76e (FIG. 17e) is adapted for attachment to the side standards 60 of an aligned pair of taller panels and the upper channel 46 of a shorter panel meeting the taller panels at a 90.degree. tee intersection (not shown).
The structural connecting system 28 also includes a plurality of lower connecting brackets 82a-82e with various configurations for interconnecting the adjacent legs 56 at the panel intersections 44a-44g. The lower connecting bracket configurations include a right angle or ninetydegree bracket 86a, a tee or three-way bracket 86b, four-way cross bracket 86c, a one hundred and thirty-five degree obtuse angle bracket 86d and a straight line bracket 86e.
The lower connecting brackets 82a-82e each have downwardly-open channel-configuration center portions 84 and clevis-type end portions 86 with pairs of opposed receivers 88 for receiving mounting screws 90 which are threadably received in the legs 56.
IV. Trim Subsystem 30.
The trim subsystem 30 includes a plurality of innersection caps 96a-96e comprising: a right angle or ninety-degree cap 96a, a tee or three-way cap 96b, a fourway cross cap 96c and a one hundred thirty-five degree obtuse angle cap 96d. Each intersection cap 96a-96d includes ends 98 corresponding to the number of panels which intersect thereunder, i.e. two ends each for caps 96a and 96d, three ends for cap 96b and four ends for cap 96c. Each cap 96a-96d generally includes a cover 106a-106d with a top 107 including upper and lower surfaces 108, 110 and a perimeter side wall 112 comprising discrete side wall portions forming end openings 114 at the ends 98. The perimeter side walls 112 terminate at lower margins 116 of the covers 106a-106d. A pair of retainer lips 118 project inwardly from the cover side walls 112 on both sides of the openings 114 adjacent the cover lower margins 116. Each intersection cap 96a-96d forms a cavity 120 which is downwardly-open and also open at respective end openings 114.
The covers 106a-106d include multiple stop bars 119 each depending downwardly from a respective cover top lower surface 110 and extending transversely in parallel, spaced relation inwardly from a respective end opening 114. Each cover 106a-106d includes a plurality of clip mounting pins 121 projecting downwardly from its lower surface 110 into the cavity 120. Inner and outer pairs of clip mounting pins 121 are associated with each cap end opening 114 and are staggered longitudinally.
The trim subsystem 30 is designed for common or universal cap mounting clips 122 to be used with all of the differently-configured intersection caps 96a-96d. Each cap mounting clip 122 generally comprises a clip base 124 including: upper and lower surfaces 126, 128; opposite ends 130 at ends 132 of the clip 122; and front and back edges 134, 136. The front edge 134 includes a recessed center portion 138 and a pair of opposite side portions 140. The back edge 136 includes a center portion 142 and a pair of back edge side portions 144 which form mitered corners 146 with respect to the clip ends 132 and the clip inner edges 136. For purposes that will be explained in more detail hereinafter, the mitered corners 146 include obtuse angles "A" of approximately 157.5.degree. between the inner edge center and side portions 142, 144, and obtuse angles "B" of approximately 112.5.degree. with respect to the clip ends 132 and the inner edge side portions 140.
The inner edge center portions 142 can be approximately equal in width to the stop bars 119, which they can be placed against or adjacent to.
The cap mounting clip 122 includes inner and outer pairs of pin bosses 148, 150 with respective pin receivers 152 adapted for alignment with clip mounting pins 121. The inner pin bosses 148 are located in proximity to the angular intersections of the clip inner edge center and side portions 142, 144. The outer pin bosses 150 are spaced longitudinally and transversely outwardly from the inner pin bosses 148. A transversely-extending rib 154 interconnects the inner pin bosses 148 and projects downwardly from the clip base lower surface 128.
A pair of clip legs 156 are located adjacent the opposite clip ends 132 and project generally longitudinally outwardly therefrom and terminate in close proximity to the mouths of the end openings 114. Each clip leg 156 includes an inner rib or side wall 158 extending longitudinally from a respective inner pin boss 148 and an outer rib or side wall 160 extending longitudinally along a respective clip end 132. The ribs 158, 160 are interconnected by a transverse rib or side wall 162 connected to a respective outer pin boss 148 and generally positioned longitudinally outwardly from its pin receiver 152. Each clip leg 146 further includes a respective flange 164 bounded by the ribs 158, 160 and 162, each flange 164 being positioned slightly below the level of the clip base 124. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, each leg 156 has a generally channel-shaped configuration when viewed from a respective end opening 114.
The intersection caps 96a-96d can be produced by separately forming (e.g. by injection molding a suitable polymer, such as polypropylene) the covers 106a-106d and the mounting clips 122. The clips 122 can then be installed by inserting the mounting pins 121 in the receivers 152, whereby the pin distal ends 123 project slightly downwardly from the respective pin bosses 148, 150. The projecting pin distal ends 123 can then be enlarged, e.g. by heat deformation, to securely lock or thermally weld the mounting clips 122 in place. The mounting pins 121 can include proximate ends 125 with flared configurations for greater strength, and the pin receivers 152 can be correspondingly chamferred at the clip base upper surface 126 to accommodate such flared pin proximate ends 125.
With the clips 122 thus mounted on the covers 106a-106d relatively narrow horizontal channels or slots 166 are formed between the leg flanges 164 and the cover lower surfaces 110. Relatively narrow vertical channels or slots 168 are formed between respective leg outer ribs 160 and adjacent portions of the cover perimeter side walls 112.
The clip mitered corners 146 permit the clips 122 to be mounted within adjacent pairs of end openings 114 which are positioned in various angular relationships with respect to each other. For example, right angle or 90.degree. sections occur in intersection caps 96a-96c.
In the 135.degree. obtuse angle intersection cap 96d, a pair of mounting clips form an angle "C" of approximately 45.degree. with respect to each other (FIG. 9). To accommodate this situation, the mitered corners 146 can be formed to deviate from the transverse line of the inner edge center portion 142 by an angle "D" equal to approximately 22.5.degree. (obtuse angle A is approximately equal to 157.5.degree. , i.e. 180.degree. minus
22.5.degree. ). By placing a pair of the clips 122 with respective mitered corners 146 of each in juxtaposed relationship as shown in FIG. 9, an angle "C" of approximately 45.degree. is formed by the clips 122, which, of course, corresponds to the angle of approximately 45.degree. formed by the respective end openings 114 of a 135.degree. obtuse angle intersection cap 96d.
For the right-angle intersection caps 96a-96c, the mitered corners 146 could be formed at approximately 45.degree. , but by mitering all the corners 146 at approximately 22.5.degree. as shown and described, all of the caps 96a-96d can be formed with common, universal clips 122.
The staggered positioning of the pin bosses 148, 150 and the mounting pins 121 cooperates with the mitered corners 146 to facilitate forming the various inner section cap configurations as described above, and also provides a relatively secure and structural mounting of the clips 122 on the covers 106a-106d. In particular, since the mounting pins 121 are not aligned but rather are slightly spaced from each other longitudinally, the clips 122 tend to resist being rocked about their transverse axes under various loading conditions on the clip legs 156.
The intersection caps 96 are adapted for connecting edge caps 170 and concealing their ends 172. The edge caps 170 can include pairs of opposed, parallel side flanges 174 interconnected by respective connecting flanges 176 forming channel-like cross-sectional configurations. Each edge cap 170 includes a pair of parallel, transversely spaced, longitudinally-extending female fastening strips 178 with configurations adapted to releasably grip the upper channel beaded edges 50 for releasable mounting.
Free, exposed panel side edges 36, 38 can be covered with edge caps 170 by attaching male adapter channels 180 with beaded edges 182 like the beaded edges 50 of the upper channels 46 to respective side channels 60 (FIG. 12). At inside corners 184, one of the edge cap ends 172 simply abuts the intersecting edge cap 170. At outside corners 186, 90.degree. , radiused end caps 188 can be provided. Each end cap 188 includes two pairs of legs 190, one of the transversely-spaced pairs of legs being oriented approximately 90.degree. with respect to the other transversely spaced pair of legs 190. The transverse spacing of the legs 190 and their configurations are substantially similar to those of the mounting clip legs 156. Each end cap 188 includes a cover 192 with a cross-sectional configuration generally comprising a quarter-circle, and cover ends 194 with corresponding, generally quarter-circular configurations.
Lower trim strips 196 are provided for mounting on the I-members 52 to enclose the lower raceways 54 and can include openings (not shown) for electrical outlets and the like.
As shown in FIG. 10, a gasket 216 is provided for closing gaps 218 formed between adjacent pairs of side standard quarter edges 65. Such gaskets 216 are particularly useful at four-way cross intersections 44c, where at the four respective side standards 60 do not meet, but form respective gaps 218 which could be seen through if not covered by gaskets 216. Each gasket 216 has a generally continuous longitudinal configuration and a cross-sectional configuration somewhat resembling a modified "X". The gasket 216 includes inner pairs of relatively short legs 220 and outer pairs of relatively long legs 222 interconnected by a median web 224. The gaskets are preferably formed of a flexible material, and are installed by squeezing the inner legs 220 together and inserting them through the gaps 218. The gasket inner legs 220 thus lie flush against the side standard return flanges 62 and the outer legs 222 lie flush against the side standard side flanges 64.
Substantially continuous horizontal raceways 228 extend through the number channels 46 and through the panel intersections 44a-g. The horizontal raceways 228 communicate with vertical raceways 230 extending vertically adjacent to respective panel side edges 36, 38 at the panel intersections. The structural connecting subsystem 28 and the cover trim subsystem 30 are designed to maintain the continuity and communication of the lower, horizontal and vertical raceways 54, 228 and 230, respectively to facilitate the placement of wires and cables for communications, computers, etc. therein.
The vertical raceway 230 at the three-way tee intersection 44b is enclosed on the outside by a vertical cover strip 232 which is retained in place by retaining clips 234 with laterally-extending tabs 236 which are received in the standard end slots 67 (FIG. 5).
V. Installation and Operation.
The floor plan configuration of the wall panel system 20 can be laid out on a floor surface, for example, with chalk lines, tape measures, etc. Installation can begin at a wall connection or at a right angle intersection 44a for stability. A panel 26a-26e can be attached to a permanent wall 226 with a wall upper connecting member 76f.
Appropriate upper connecting members 76a-76g and lower connecting brackets 82a-82e are selected and installed to accommodate the conditions at various panel intersections 44a-44g as required by the panel system configuration.
The feet 58 are threadably and vertically adjusted to level the wall panels 26a-26e.
The trim subsystem 30 can be applied after the structural connecting subsystem 28 is in place. At straight line intersections 44g, the edge cap ends 172 can abut each other at joints which generally do not require covering.
The intersection caps 96a-96d and the end caps 188 can be installed as the edge caps 170 are placed on the panels 26a-26e. The edge cap ends 172 can be inserted in the channels or slots 166, 168 at the cap end openings 114. The edge cap ends 172 can abut the stop bars 119 and can generally be retained by the clip legs 156 and the retainer lips 118. The edge caps 170 can be cut to length. With the intersection caps 96a-96d in place, the edge caps 170 can be snapped onto the upper channels 46 and the male adapter channels 180 by pressing downwardly or inwardly whereby the female fastening strips 178 snap over the channel beaded edges 50 and 182.
It is to be understood that while certain forms of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangement of parts described and shown.