US 4,934,666 AGrant
Coiled Spring Electromagnetic Shielding Gasket
Issue Date:1990-06-19
•42 Claims
•8 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An electromagnetic shielding gasket is provided which includes a coil spring for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast. The coil spring includes a plurality of individual coils which provide shielding of electromagnetic waves independent of compression of the coil spring within a range of deflection of the individual coils.
Metadata
Assignees
- Balsells; Peter J.
- Balsells; Joan C.
Inventor
- Peter J. Balsells
Application Information
Application Number:US 2984016
Filing Date:1989-01-18
Priority Date:1988-04-25
Art Unit:314
Classifications
IPC:
F16F 134B60G 1152H01B 1106
Field of Search:
26727717433;1.5;167;168235 R;3435 GC;35 MS
Patent Drawings (8 sheets)
Description
Brief Description of the Drawings
The advantages and features of the present invention will appear from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a theoretical load versus deflection curve illustrating the various parameters of a resilient coil spring in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 2a and b are plan and side views, respectively, of a circular welded clockwise wound spring with a back angle defining a trailing portion along the outside diameter of the spring and a front angle defining a leading portion along the inside diameter of the spring, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3a and b are plan and side views, respectively, of a circular counter-clockwise wound spring having the same physical dimensions as the spring shown in FIG. 2a, 2b, also having a back angle defining a trailing portion along the outside diameter of the spring and a front angle defining a leading portion along an inside diameter of the spring;
FIG. 4 is a load versus deflection curve for the springs shown in FIGS. 2 and 3;
FIG. 5 shows load deflection curves for a variety of axially loaded counterclockwise springs with the trailing portion along the outside diameter thereof corresponding to the spring dimensions set forth in table 1;
FIG. 6 shows load deflection curves for axially springs having different back angles;
FIG. 7a and b are plan and side views, respectively, of a circular welded clockwise spring, in accordance with the present invention, with a front angle on the outside of the spring and a back angle on the inside of the spring;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an electromagnetic shielding gasket generally including an annular axially resilient coil, in accordance with the present invention, generally showing a plurality of coils interconnected in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coil spring, with the spring being disposed in an annular seal with a preselected turn angle orientation for controlling a resilient characteristics of the annular axially resilient coil spring, non-invasive support of the spring within the annular seal enabling independent working of the spring therein, thereby providing preselected force concentration on the sealing portions of the seal;
FIG. 9 shows load deflection curves for springs made in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic of an axially canted coil spring with turn angle .theta. shown for the purpose of illustrating how the turn angle .theta. may be calculated;
FIGS. 11a, b, c and d and e illustrate axial springs having various turn angles;
FIG. 12 is a plurality of force-deflection curves, each corresponding to an annular axially resilient coil spring having different turn angle orientation;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an electromagnetic shielding gasket including a radially loaded coiled spring seal, in accordance with the present invention, generally showing a plurality of coils interconnected in a manner forming a radially resilient canted coiled spring, with the spring being disposed in an annular seal with a preselected turn angle orientation for controlling the load-deflection characteristics of the radially resilient canted coiled spring, non-invasive support of the spring within the annular seal enabling independent working of the spring therein, thereby providing preselected force concentration on the sealing portions of the seal;
FIG. 14 shows test jig apparatus for the determination of the load deflection characteristics,
FIG. 15 is a cross-section view of an electromagnetic gasket of the present invention disposed in an RF connector;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-section view of the gasket shown in FIG. 13 in an unloaded state;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-section view of the gasket shown in FIG. 13 in a load state;
FIG. 18 is a cross-section view of another electromagnetic shield gasket application showing the mounting of a card in a frame;
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the effect of spring deflection on open areas of a canted coil spring;
FIG. 20a and b are side views of a coil spring showing the dependence of open area size on the coil back angle;
FIG. 21a and b are views of an electromagnetic shield gasket having two canted coil springs in an unloaded state;
FIG. 22a and b are views of an electromagnetic shield gasket having two canted coil spring in a loaded state;
FIG. 23a and b are views of an electromagnetic shield gasket having two coil springs with interstitial areas filled with an elastomer; and
FIG. 24a and b are views of an electromagnetic shield gasket having a coil spring and a central rod or tube.
Detailed Description
Turning now to FIG. 1 there is shown an exemplary load-deflection curve 10 for the purpose of illustrating the characteristics of canted coil resilient coiled springs suitable for electromagnetic shields gasket in accordance with the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1 when a load is applied to the spring, the spring deflects in a generally linear fashion as shown by the line segment 12 until it reaches a minimum of load point 14 which represents the point at which, after the initial deflection, the load begins to remain relatively constant. It is to be appreciated that for an axially resilient garter-type spring, hereinafter described, the load is applied axially and for a radially resilient garter-type spring, hereinafter described, the load is radially applied.
Between the minimum load point 14 and a maximum load point 16, the load deflection curve may be constant or show a slight increase as shown in FIG. 1. The area between the minimum load point 14 and maximum load point 16 is known as the working deflection range 18. The spring is normally loaded for operation within this range, as indicted by point 20, for a typical spring utilized in conjunction with a seal, gasket, or the like, for both sealing and electromagnetic shielding purposes. Loading of the spring beyond the maximum load point 16 results in an abrupt deflection response until it reaches a butt point 22, which results in a permanent set in the spring as a result of overloading. Also indicated in FIG. 1, is the total deflection range 24, which is defined as the deflection between the unloaded spring and the deflection at the maximum load point 16.
FIGS. 2a and 2b show a circular welded spring 30, in accordance with the present invention, generally showing a plurality of coils 32 wound in a clockwise fashion (see arrow 34) which are canted in a counterclockwise direction along a centerline 36 thereof.
As more clearly shown in FIG. 2b, each coil includes a trailing portion 40 and a leading portion 2, with the trailing portion having a back angle 48 which provides for means for both defining the disposition of the trailing portion 40 of each coil 32 with respect to a normal line 50 and for determining the working resilient range of the spring 30 as hereinafter described in greater detail.
In addition, a front angle 54 provides means for defining the disposition of the leading portion 2 of the coil 32 with respect to the normal line.
The spring 30 is formed by interconnecting the coils 32 in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coil spring with the trailing portion 40 along an outside diameter 58 (see FIG. 2a) of the spring 30 and the leading portion 42 along an inside diameter 60 of the spring 30.
As can be seen most clearly in FIG. 2b, the spring 30, in accordance with the present invention, always has a leading portion 40 disposed at a front angle 54, which is greater than the back angle 48 defining the trailing portion 40. That is, as the coil is traced in the circular-like manner about the centerline 32, each revolution includes a trailing portion and a leading portion, with the leading portion advancing movement along the centerline 32 more than the advancement along the centerline 32 when following the trailing portion 40 of the coil 32.
FIGS. 3a and 3b show a circular welded spring 68, in accordance with the present invention, having the same physical dimensions and wire sizes as spring 30, shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, with the spring 68 wound in a counter-clockwise fashion (see arrow 70). In this instance, the spring 68 includes a plurality of coils 72, each having a trailing portion 74 and a leading portion 76 which are defined, respectively by a back angle 80 and a front angle 82, as shown in FIG. 3b.
Similar to spring 30, the coils 72 of spring 68 are interconnected in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coiled spring 68 in which the trailing portion falls along an outside diameter 86 and the leading portion falls along an inside diameter 84 of the spring 68.
Curve A of FIG. 4 represents the performance of the spring 30 or 68, while spring B represents the performance of a prior art spring identical in physical specification, but with the trailing portion along the outside of the spring. Although the two springs have almost identical force-deflection characteristics in their working deflection range, the maximum load points have a variation of about 40 percent.
It has been found that, in accordance with the present invention, the back angle can be varied from as little as one degree to 35 degrees as long as the front angle 54 is greater than the back angle and is larger than 20 degrees and less than 55 degrees. Variation in the back angle of the spring significantly affects the resilient characteristics of the spring independent of the front angle. This is shown in FIG. 5 which is a force-deflection curve for springs C and D having spring parameters set forth in Table 1. It should be appreciated that the spring parameters set forth herein are provided only to illustrate the effect of spring back angle and disposition of the trailing portion. Actual spring parameters depend upon the desired spring size, loading and application.
Springs C and D are identical springs having the same wire diameter, spring inside diameter coil height and approximately the same front angle, but the back angle and correspondingly the coil spacing is varied. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the working deflection of spring D is approximately 50 percent whereas the working deflection of spring C is 45 percent. This is independent of the front angle. Hence, springs can be designed with varying resilient characteristics, such as the force required to deflect the spring, utilizing a spring having the same wire diameter inside diameter and coil height than was heretofore possible with only varying the front angle of the spring.
As hereinabove described, increased force-deflection characteristics can be used to advantage in conjunction with a sealant, or gasket materials, wherein the spring cavity is predetermined, the latter dictating spring I.D. and coil height.
When the coil spacing is held constant, the back angle along with the front angle may be varied to custom design a spring to tailor the resilient characteristics. For example, the smaller the back angle, the higher the force necessary to deflect the spring, as shown in FIG. 6, for Springs E, F and G defined in Table 2. This enables springs to be made with smaller wire and close coil spacing. Conversely, as the back angle is increased, the working deflection is increased when the coil spacing is held constant.
This characteristic is important and enables the coiled spring in accordance with the present invention to be effective as electromagnetic shielding gasket, either by themselves or in conjunction with conductive elastomers as hereinafter described.
Turning now to FIG. 7a and 7b, there is shown a circular welded clockwise spring 100 in accordance with the present invention, generally showing a plurality of coils 102, which are canted in a clockwise direction along a centerline 104 thereof. As more clearly shown in 2b, each coil 102 includes a trailing portion 108 and a leading portion 110, with the trailing portion having a back angle 112 which provides for means for both defining the orientation of the trailing portion 108 of each coil 102 with respect to a normal line 114 and for determining the working resilient range of the spring 100 as hereinafter described in greater detail.
In addition, a front angle 116 provides the means for defining the orientation of the leading portion 110 of the coil 102 with respect to a normal line 114.
The spring 100 is formed by interconnecting the coils 102 in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coil spring with the trailing portion 108 along an inside diameter 120 (see FIG. 7a of the spring 100 and a leading portion 110 along an outside diameter 122 of the spring 100.
As can be seen most clearly in FIG. 7b, the spring 100, in accordance with the present invention, always has a leading portion 110 disposed at a front angle 116, which is greater than the back angle 112, defining the trailing portion 108. That is, as the coil is traced in the circular-like manner about the centerline 104, each revolution includes a trailing portion 108 and a leading portion 110, with the leading portion advancing movement along the centerline 104 more than the advancement along the centerline 104 when following the trailing portion 108 of the coil 102.
It should be appreciated that the inside back angle canted coil spring 100, while having the same general load/deflection characteristics as the outside back angle canted coil spring 30 hereinbefore described, the specific load/deflection characteristics of each spring are different. For example, an outside back angle canted coil spring 30 having the same wire size and dimension as an inside back angle canted coil spring 100 will generally have a higher maximum load point (See FIG. 1) than the inside back angle canted coil spring.
Turning now to FIG. 8, there is shown an electromagnetic shielding gasket 210 in accordance with the present invention, generally showing a garter-type axial spring 212 with a plurality of coils 214 in an annular seal 216 which provides means for non-invasively supporting the garter-type axially resilient coil spring 212, in a preselected orientation for controlling the resilient characteristics thereof, as hereinafter described in greater detail.
In FIG. 9, there is shown a load-deflection curve A, representative of the hereinbefore discussed spring 30 and 100 for comparison purposes. Also shown is a load-deflection curve B for a spring made in accordance with the present invention having a turn angle for the purpose of illustrating the characteristics thereof.
The load-deflection curve B shows the characteristics of the spring 212 made in accordance with the present invention, showing a linear load-deflection segment 236 until a peak load point 238 is reached. After the peak point 238, the load decreases with deflection in segment 240. This results in a saddle-type deflection range between the peak point 238 and the butt point 242.
This type of load-deflection characteristic may have specific advantage for electromagnetic spring seals which are locked in position, such as a groove, with the tension thereof being caused by the spring. In this instance, while the spring produces a relatively constant load over a given working deflection range 244, changes beyond the working range limits at points 46, 48, causes an abrupt increase in load. This causes the spring seal to be self-centering within a groove, or the like.
FIG. 10 shows a schematic form a cross-section of a canted coil spring, in accordance with the present invention, with a turn angle of .theta. a measured coil width of CW, a measured coil height of CH and a measured spring height H of the spring 212, as shown in FIGS. 4a, b, c and d. The turn angle may be clockwise (bold lines) or counterclockwise. (Dashed lines).
As shown in FIG. 11a, an axially flat spring 212 may be turned up counterclockwise, for example, 30 degrees, as shown in FIG. 11b, or turned clockwise, as for example, shown in FIGS. 11c and 11d, with 30 degrees and 60 degrees turn angles, respectively. It should be appreciated that while the springs shown are shown with a circular shape, other shapes are possible, such as elliptical or rectangular, depending upon the configuration of the mating parts between which the spring 212 and/or seal 216 are to be placed.
As shown in the Figures, the turn angle 0 is defined as an angle formed by a generally circular spring forming a cone or an inverted cone, depending on the position of the spring and measuring the angle .theta. from the horizontal to the intersection through the centerline of each cone, or inverted cone. By varying the turn angle .theta., different loads can be obtained and the degree of loading depends upon the turn angle .theta.. That is, the higher the turn angle .theta., the higher the force developed, as will be hereinafter demonstrated. It should be noted that the force developed upon loading is independent upon whether the spring is in the cone shape as shown in FIG. 11b, or an inverted cone as shown in 11c. That is the springs in 11b and 11c will perform in identical fashion.
Curves A, B, C and D, in FIG. 12 show the force-deflection characteristics of a series of springs, with .theta. varied from zero degrees to 90 degrees, with a specification of these springs being set forth in Table 3. Each of the springs A, B, D, D, are identical in all respects, except for the turn angle .theta..
Curve A in FIG. 12 represents a spring 212 with a turn angle of zero and is representative of the springs 30 or 100. Curve B represents the spring 212 having a turn angle of 15 degrees and manifests a threshold rise 268 characteristic of springs made in accordance with the present invention. This gradual rise develops into the peak load characteristics more clearly shown by curves C, D and E, corresponding to springs C, D and E of Table 3.
As shown in FIG. 12, as the turn angle .theta. increases, the load increases at a maximum about 90 degrees. Importantly, after the peak load, as
shown at 270, 272, 274, respectively, is achieved, the force decreases rapidly to approximately the forces shown by springs A and B. Thus, these springs have working regions 276, 278 and 280, approximately the same as unturned spring A; however, as can be seen in FIG. 12, these working areas are bounded by steep load-deflection characteristics. Springs, in accordance with the present invention, have advantages in a variety of applications, as hereinabove described. As hereinbefore mentioned, although the spring shown generally are circular in shape, they could be used in other applications in irregular shapes. That is, the spring will easily fit into other shapes than round.
As shown in Table 3, the peak load is substantially greater than the base load and in fact reaches to 1725 percent when the turn angle is 90 degrees. Hence, by using a turn angle, higher load can be provided. Consequently, as hereinbefore mentioned, a smaller wire can be used which will permit the use of more coils per inch thus decreasing the stress that will occur on the seal when loaded and increase the shielding effectiveness of the gasket 210.
Also, as hereinbefore pointed out, springs, in accordance with the present invention, exhibiting the force-deflection curves as shown buy curve C, D and E of FIG. 12, can be used in self-locking and self-centering applications not heretofore possible by springs exhibiting force-deflection curves as shown by curve A in FIG. 9.
Turning now to FIG. 13, there is shown an electromagnetic shielding gasket 310 including a radially resilient coiled spring 312, in accordance with the present invention, generally showing the radially resilient spring 312 with a plurality of coils 314 in an annular seal 316 which provides means for non-invasively supporting the garter-type radially resilient coil spring 312, in a preselected orientation for controlling the resilient characteristics thereof, as hereinafter described in greater detail.
The load-deflection curve for the spring 312 is illustrated in FIG. 1.
The load-deflection characteristics may be determined with a test jig 330 as shown in FIG. 14. A radially resilient spring 332 is held within a housing 334 by a fixture 336, thereby entrapping the spring 332 in a cavity 338. A circumferential spacer 340 is used to load the outside diameter of the spring 332 and the force required to pass a plug 342 through the inside diameter of the spring 332 is measured.
A radially resilient spring 312 may be turned up counterclockwise, as shown in FIGS. 11a, b, c, d and e, for example, 30 degrees, as shown in FIG. 11b, or turned clockwise, as for example, shown in FIGS. 11d and 11e, with 30 degrees and 60 degrees turn angles, respectively. It should be appreciated that while the springs shown are shown with a circular shape other shapes are possible, such as elliptical or rectangular, depending upon the configuration of the mating parts between which the spring 312 and/or seal 316 are to be placed.
As shown in the Figures, the turn angle .theta. is defined as an angle formed by a generally circular spring forming a cone or an inverted cone, depending on the position of the spring and measuring the angle .theta. from the horizontal to the intersection through the centerline of each cone, or inverted cone. By varying the turn angle .theta., different loads can be obtained and the degree of loading depends upon the turn angle .theta.. That is, the higher the turn angle .theta., the higher the force developed, as will be hereinafter demonstrated. It should be noted that the force developed upon loading is independent upon whether the spring is in the cone shape as shown in FIG. 11b, or an inverted cone as shown in 11d. That is, the springs in 11b and 11d will perform in identical fashion.
The spring 312 may also have a trailing portion defined by a back angle and a leading portion defined by a front angle as hereinbefore described.
When loading the spring 312 radially, the load is greater when the turn angle is 90 degrees than when the turn angle is 0 degrees and such load increases progressively from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. In addition, a spring 312 with a back angle, or trailing portion along the inside I.D. of the spring will develop substantially higher force than a spring having a back angle or trailing portion along the outside 0.D. of the spring with both springs having the same turn angle.
This enables greater tailoring ability. That is, a greater range of wire size and coil spacing can be used while still exerting the same or greater force in response to deflection. This has significant advantage when the spring is used in conjunction with a seal as hereinbefore described for electromagnetic shielding.
With the hereinabove description of various canted coil springs suitable for use as electromagnetic shielding gaskets, the reader's attention is now directed to FIG. 15 which shows a typical application of a gasket shield spring 400 in a coaxial connector 410. In general, the connector 410 is screw 414 mounted to a bulkhead 414 compressing the spring 400 between a connector housing 416 and the bulkhead 414. The connector includes a pin 420 for the transmission of electromagnetic energy. Temporary connection between the connector 410 and a coaxial cable 424 is made through a conventional screw connector 426 with threads 428 disposed on the connector 410.
FIGS. 16 and 17 are enlarged views of the housing 416 which includes a groove 430 therein for supporting the spring 400. As shown in FIG. 16, the groove 430 has a depth, d, less than the height of the spring 400, thereby enabling compression of the spring 400 between the housing 416 and bulkhead 414. (FIG. 17). The size and configuration of the spring 400 is made in accordance with the hereinbefore set forth principles to achieve a nearly constant load versus deflection curve for the spring 400. Thus, the spring 400 provides a constant axial force between the housing and the bulkhead 414, despite any variations in the amount of spring compression due to surface irregularities in the groove 430 and the bulkhead 414. Importantly, such force is maintained, despite thermal cycling of the connector which may otherwise deform or assisted permanently setting prior art elastomer seals (not shown) used in a similar configuration.
As a result, the spring 400, which may be formed from any suitable conducting material, maintains electrical continuity within the groove 430 and bulkhead 414 surrounding the conductor 420, thereby blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast.
Turning to FIG. 18, there is shown another application of a gasket 450 made in accordance with the present invention according to the principles hereinbefore discussed. In this instance, a spring 450 may be of general circular shape or any other configuration such as rectangular and is supported in a shelf 452 attached to a frame 454 in a manner enabling the spring 450 to support a sliding card 456 which must be electromagnetically shielded and grounded to the frame 454 and locked into position.
As hereinbefore discussed, open areas in an electromagnetic shield can provide a source for leakage. However it is not the area or opening itself which determines the amount of leakage from a shield discontinuity but the maximum liner dimension of the area or opening. With this in mind, coils and springs made in accordance with the present invention are selected in order that open areas between coils upon deflection is within that permissible in a particular application. It should be appreciated that this spacing is, of course, dependent upon the wave length of electromagnetic energy to be shielded. With that in mind, FIG. 19 shows a variation in open areas between coils with a change in deflection of a shield gasket spring 60. Typical dimensions are provided on the Figure for the spring 460 which includes a back angle B of 17 degrees, a wire diameter of 0.0035 inches. A spring height of 0.025 inches and a spring with 0.029 inches. FIG. 19 shows that at 0, deflection, D, the open area is 0.0035 inches, while at a deflection of 24 percent, the open area is 0.0062 inches and with a deflection of 371/2 percent deflection is 0.0089 inches.
It should also be appreciated that the back angle of the spring has an effect on the open area of the spring. This is illustrated in FIGS. 20a and b, wherein a spring having a height of 0.162 inches and a wired diameter of 0.022 inches has an open area A.sub.1 of 0.0000623 sq. inches with a back angle of 16.5 degrees and an open area A.sub.2 of 0.0000893 sq. inches with a back angle of 30 degrees.
The situations where additional electromagnetic shielding is desired, an electromagnetic shielding gasket 500 as shown in FIGS. 21a and b may include an outer coil spring 502 with an inner coil spring 504 disposed therein, both coil springs 502 and 504 may be made into axially resilient or radially resilient springs as hereinbefore discussed and have their coils canted along a same direction along a centerline 506 or in opposite directions (see, FIG. 22a and b). FIGS. 22a and 22b show the gasket 500 as it may be loaded compressing the outer spring 502 to a position where it contacts the inner coil 504.
Alternative embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 23a and b and 24a and b, wherein the electromagnetic shield 510 includes one or more coiled springs 512, 514 which are filled with a conductive elastomer in order to provide further conductivity of the gasket 510. The gasket 520 shown in FIGS. 24a, 24b, includes a coil spring 522 as hereinbefore described with a center rod or tube 524 therein. The rod or tube 524 may be conductive to an electromagnetic shielding and also may be solid with sufficient strength to act as a stop for the spring 522 in order to prevent permanent damage thereto.
Although there has been described hereinabove a specific electromagnetic shielding gaskets in accordance with the present invention for the purpose of illustrating the manner in which the invention may be used to advantage, it should be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, any and all modifications, variations, or equivalent arrangements which may occur to those skilled in the art, should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being interconnected with one another and disposed in a canted relationship with a centerline of the coil spring means.
2. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 1 wherein two ends of the individual coil means are joined to form a continuous coil spring means.
3. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 1 further comprising inner coil spring means, disposed within the coil spring means, for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast.
4. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 3 wherein the inner coil spring means comprises a plurality of individual inner coil means for causing the inner coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the inner coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual inner coil means, said individual inner coil means being interconnected with one another and disposed in a canted relationship with the centerline of the canted coil spring means.
5. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 4 wherein the coil means and inner coil means are canted in the same direction with respect to the centerline.
6. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 4 wherein the coil means and inner coil means are canted in opposite directions with respect to the centerline.
7. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being interconnected with one another and disposed in a canted relationship with a centerline of the coil spring means, each said individual coil means having a trailing portion and a leading portion, said trailing portion being disposed at a back angle with the centerline and said leading portion being disposed at a front angle with the centerline, said front angle being greater than said back angle.
8. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 7 wherein said individual coil means abut one another.
9. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 7 wherein said back angle is selected in order that the coil spring means exerts a force in response to deflection of the individual coil means and said force is generally constant over said range of deflection of the individual coil means.
10. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 9 wherein said back angle is less than about 25 degrees.
11. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 10 wherein two ends of the individual coil means are joined to form a continuous coil spring means.
12. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 11 wherein the individual coil means are disposed in a manner forming an axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket.
13. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 12 wherein said trailing portion of each individual coil means is disposed along an outside diameter of the axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket and the leading portion of each individual coil means is disposed along an inside diameter of the axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket.
14. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 13 wherein said trailing portion of each individual coil means is disposed along an inside diameter of the axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket and the leading portion of each individual coil means is disposed along an outside diameter of the axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket.
15. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 12 further comprising means orienting said individual coil means at a turn angle for defining the load-deflection characteristics of the axially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket, said turn angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
16. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 11 wherein the individual coil means are disposed in a manner forming a radially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket.
17. electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 16 further comprising means orienting said individual coil means at a turn angle for defining the load deflection characteristics of the radially resilient electromagnetic shielding gasket, said turn angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
18. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 17 wherein said back and front angles are selected to enable the canted coil spring means to exert a constant force over the range of deflection.
19. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said canted coil spring means comprising: a plurality of individual outer coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual outer coil means, said individual outer coil means being interconnected with one another and disposed in a canted relationship with a centerline of the coil spring means, each said individual outer coil means having a back portion disposed at an outer coil means back angle with said centerline and a forward portion disposed at an outer coil means front angle with said centerline, said outer coil means front angle being greater than said outer coil means back angle; and, a plurality of individual inner coil means, disposed within said individual outer coil means, for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual inner coil means, said individual inner coil means being interconnected with one another and disposed in a canted relationship with the centerline of the coil spring means, each said inner coil means having a back portion disposed at an inner coil means back angle with said centerline and a forward portion disposed at an inner coil means front angle with said centerline, said inner coil means front angle being greater than said inner coil means back angle.
20. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 19 wherein said inner and outer coil means are canted in the same direction in relationship with the centerline.
21. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 19 wherein said inner and outer coil means are canted in opposite directions in relationship with the centerline.
22. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 19 wherein two ends of the outer coil means are interconnected and two ends of the inner coil means are interconnected to form a continuous coil spring means having continuous inner coil means disposed within continuous outer coil means.
23. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 22 wherein interstitial areas within the inner and outer coil means are filled with a conductive elastomer.
24. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: garter-type axially resilient coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being canted along a centerline thereof and comprising; back angle means for both defining the disposition of a trailing portion of each coil means with respect to a line normal to the centerline and for determining the force-deflection characteristics of the coil spring means; front angle means for defining the disposition of a leading portion of each coil means with respect to the normal line, said front angle means being greater than said back angle means; and said coil means being interconnected in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coiled spring with the trailing portion along an outside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring and the leading portion along an inside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring.
25. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 24 wherein the back angle means is greater than about one degree and less than about 40 degrees and the front angle means is greater than about 15 degrees and less than about 55 degrees.
26. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 24 wherein the back angle means defines a working deflection in which the garter-type axially resilient electromagnetic shielding spring gasket exerts a generally constant force in an axial direction in response to deflection of the spring gasket in the axially direction, said working deflection being between about 5 percent and about 50 percent deflection of the spring gasket.
27. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: garter-type axially resilient coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being canted along a centerline thereof and comprising; back angle means for both defining the disposition of a trailing portion of each coil means with respect to a line normal to the centerline and for determining the working resilient range of the coil spring means; front angle means for defining the disposition of a leading portion of each coil means with respect to the normal line, said front angle means being greater than said back angle means; and said coil means being interconnected in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coiled spring with the trailing portion along an inside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring and the leading portion along an outside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring.
28. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 27 wherein the front angle is less than 35 degrees.
29. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 28 wherein the plurality of coils are canted in a clockwise direction.
30. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 28 wherein the back angle is greater than one degree and less than 35 degrees.
31. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 30 wherein the back angle means defines a working deflection in which the spring gasket exerts a generally constant force in an axial direction in response to deflection of the spring gasket in the axial direction, said working deflection being between about percent and about 50 percent deflection of the spring gasket.
32. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 28 wherein the back angle is less than about 11 degrees.
33. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: annular axially resilient coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being canted along a centerline thereof and comprising; back angle means for both defining the disposition of a trailing portion of each coil means with respect to a line normal to the centerline and for determining the load-deflection characteristics of the coiled spring means; front angle means for defining the disposition of a leading portion of each coil means with respect to the normal line, said front angle means being greater than said back angle means; said coil means being interconnected in a manner forming a garter-type axially resilient coiled spring; and annular seal means for non-invasively supporting the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring in a preselected orientation for controlling the resilient characteristics thereof.
34. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 33 wherein said annular seal means includes means defining a cavity for supporting and orienting coiled spring with a turn angle of greater than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
35. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 34 wherein the turn angle is selected to provide a load-deflection characteristics having a saddle shape.
36. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 35 wherein the turn angle is greater than about 15 degrees.
37. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 35 wherein the turn angle is greater than about 60 degrees.
38. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 35 wherein the trailing portion is disposed along an outside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring and the leading portion is disposed along an inside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring.
39. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 35 wherein the leading portion is disposed along an inside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring and the leading portion is disposed along an outside diameter of the garter-type axially resilient coiled spring.
40. An electromagnetic shielding gasket comprising: radially resilient canted coil spring means for blocking the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast, said coil spring means comprising a plurality of individual coil means for causing the coil spring means to block the propagation of electromagnetic waves therepast independent of compression of the coil spring means within a range of deflection of the individual coil means, said individual coil means being canted along a centerline thereof and comprising; back angle means for defining the disposition of a trailing portion of each coil means with respect to a line normal to the centerline; front angle means for defining the disposition of a leading portion of each coil means with respect to the normal line, said front angle means being greater than said back angle means; and means orienting said plurality of coils at a turn angle for defining the load-deflection characteristics of the radially resilient canted coiled spring means, said turn angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.
41. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 40 wherein the trailing portion is disposed along an outside diameter of the radially loaded canted coiled spring and the leading portion is disposed along an inside diameter of the radially resilient canted coiled spring.
42. The electromagnetic shielding gasket according to claim 40 wherein the trailing portion is disposed along an inside diameter of the radially loaded canted coiled spring and the leading portion is disposed along an outside diameter of the radially resilient canted coiled spring.
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