US 4,908,767 AGrant
Acceleration Measuring System
Issue Date:1990-03-13
•10 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An acceleration measuring system, mountable on the body of a vehicle of the type having a suspension system which permits the vehicle to pitch and roll with respect to the surface over which the vehicle travels, determines and displays the lateral and forward acceleration of the vehicle in the plane of the surface. The system includes an acceleration transducer arrangement which provides indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward, and vertical directions. A programmed microprocessor transforms these indications of acceleration to a coordinate system in which two axes are parallel to the surface. A display provides a visual display of acceleration in the two axes.
Metadata
Assignee
- Valentine Research, Inc.
Inventors
- Stephen R. Scholl
- Michael D. Valentine
Application Information
Application Number:US 0041238
Filing Date:1987-01-16
Priority Date:1987-01-16
Art Unit:234
Classifications
IPC:
G01P 1500
Field of Search:
36473453;566;559505;510;512;517 R;517 A;526
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system for providing an indication of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle moves and, more particularly, for providing such an indication for a vehicle of the type having a suspension system which permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll.
The dynamic forces which act upon a vehicle, such as an automobile, as it travels over an arbitrary course are of particular interest to race drivers, vehicle designers, tire manufacturers, and others. Particularly meaningful is acceleration data with respect to the lateral axis and forward axis of the vehicle, taken in the plane of the road, track, or other surface over which the vehicle travels. Such acceleration data can be presented visually in a "g--g diagram," as suggested by R. S. Rice in SAE paper No. 730018, January 1973, A g--g diagram is a plot of acceleration showing lateral acceleration along a horizontal axis and forward acceleration along a vertical axis, with successive points on the plot defining a path which illustrates the acceleration experienced over time.
Regardless of the manner in which acceleration data is displayed, one significant difficulty in obtaining meaningful data for a land vehicle, such as an automobile, is that the measurement accelerometers are generally mounted within the passenger compartment of the vehicle body. The vehicle body, in turn, is supported on a suspension system which permits limited roll and pitch to enhance passenger comfort and vehicle handling. As the vehicle is driven over an arbitrary course, the measurement axes of the accelerometers in the vehicle body will continually change in an unpredictable fashion as the vehicle traverses hills in various directions, as the vehicle travels around curves in the course, and as the vehicle changes speeds. The pitch and roll of the vehicle body, in combination with the presence of the force of gravity, dramatically affect the measured acceleration values.
One approach for eliminating body roll as a source of error has been to provide a horizontally stabilized reference platform, typically by means of one or more gyroscopes, which keeps reference axes of the accelerometers independent of the roll and pitch motions of the vehicle body. Such a system is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,094,877, issued June 25, 1963. This approach has several disadvantages, not the least of which is the high cost of gyroscopic instruments. Additionally, since the forward and lateral measurement axes are continually maintained in a truly horizontal plane, the acceleration measurements accurately reflect the acceleration experienced by the vehicle in the plane of the road surface only when the vehicle is driven on a perfectly flat, level track. Acceleration data from such horizontally stabilized accelerometers are not very meaningful when the vehicle is driven over terrain that is sloped in any manner.
Consider, for example, a car traveling a banked circular track at the so-called hands-off speed, at which the downward force of gravity is counteracted by the centrifugal force arising from the circular path. Under these circumstances, there is no lateral force acting upon the vehicle tires, yet a horizontally stabilized accelerometer system would provide an output indicating centripital acceleration.
As a second example, consider a car at rest on a banked surface. A leveled accelerometer would measure zero lateral acceleration, yet the tires must sustain a lateral load of Mg sin (.theta.), where Mg is the weight of the car and .theta. is the inclination of the track. As stated previously, for drivers, vehicle designers, tire manufacturers, and others interested in measuring vehicle acceleration forces, acceleration data is most meaningful if measured in the plane of the road surface. Such acceleration data corresponds to the forces acting at the interface between the tires and the road surface and is valid for any track path or inclination. Analysis of such data can yield insight into tire performance, driver expertise, and car capability in forward acceleration, braking, and cornering that has applicability to any road surface or configuration.
Various prior art acceleration measuring systems have dealt with the problems encountered in measuring acceleration in an axis or coordinate system which is not aligned with the axis or coordinate system of interest. One such system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,094,877, issued June 25, 1963, to Gold. The Gold patent discloses an acceleration measuring system for an aircraft which measures the acceleration of the craft moving down a runway in a direction parallel to the direction of movement. Acceleration measurements are made by a pair of accelerometers which are aligned parallel to and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the airplane, respectively. The Gold system utilizes a simple analog circuit which provides an estimation of the pitch of the airplane based upon the deviation in the nominal vertical acceleration from an expected 1g reading. The Gold system is incapable of measuring a lateral acceleration and, additionally, is subject to errors due to bumps in the runway surface. Finally, the Gold system requires that the accelerometers be precisely aligned with the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
Other similar acceleration measuring systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,713,343, issued Jan. 30, 1973, to Segerdahl et al; U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,109, issued Jan. 23, 1973, to Haken; U.S. Pat. No. 3,272,972, issued Sept. 13, 1966 to Yamron et al; and "Strap Down Navigation Technology: A Literature Survey", by Garg et al, J. Guidance and Control, Vol. 1, No. 3, May-June 1978, pages 161-172. None of these acceleration measuring systems relate to deriving forward and lateral acceleration data in the plane of the surface over which a vehicle moves by measurement of acceleration with accelerometers in vehicle body which is subject to pitch and roll.
Accordingly, it is seen that there is a need for improved acceleration measuring system which accurately determines the forward and lateral acceleration of a vehicle in the plane of the road or track surface from acceleration measurements taken in three nominally orthogonal axes defined with respect to the vehicle body.
Summary of the Invention
This need is met by a system according to the present invention for providing an indication of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle moves, in which the system is mountable on the vehicle body and in which the suspension system of the vehicle permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll with respect to the surface when the vehicle is subjected to acceleration. The system includes an acceleration transducer means for providing indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions and a processor means for transforming the indications of acceleration to a coordinate system in which two axes are parallel to the surface. The processor means includes a leveling means, responsive to the indications from said acceleration transducer means, for providing lateral and forward indications of acceleration in a reference plane and vertical acceleration normal to the reference plane, with reference plane being fixed with respect to the body of the vehicle and parallel to a horizontal surface supporting the vehicle when the vehicle is at rest. The processor means further includes roll and pitch compensation means, responsive to said indications from the leveling means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of the surface. A display means, responsive to the roll and pitch means, displays the indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of the surface.
Preferably, the leveling means performs the transformation: ##EQU1## where [LEVEL] is the acceleration vector with respect to the reference plane, [TRANSDUCER] is the acceleration vector in the nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions, .alpha. is the angle between the nominal forward direction and the reference plane, and .beta. is the angle between the nominal lateral direction and the reference plane.
Preferably, the roll and pitch compensation means performs the transformation: ##EQU2## where [SURFACE] is the acceleration vector with respect to the surface, [LEVEL] is the acceleration vector with respect to the reference plane, .theta. is the angle of roll of the vehicle body with respect to the surface, and .phi. is the angle of pitch with respect to the surface. The roll and pitch compensation means determines .theta. and .phi. by the approximations:
where x is the lateral acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], z is the vertical acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], y is the forward acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], R is roll sensitivity of the vehicle, and P is the pitch sensitivity of the vehicle.
The acceleration transducer means may comprise a three axis accelerometer transducer, and a three channel low pass filter. The filter is responsive to the transducer and provides the indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions.
The processor means may comprise an analog to digital converter means for converting the indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions to digital form and for supplying indications of acceleration in digital form to the leveling means. The leveling means and said roll and pitch compensation means comprise a programmed digital microprocessor. The processor means may further include a CMOS random access memory and a battery power supply for the memory. The processor means may also comprise keypad means for manual entry of data and control commands. The display means preferably is a dot matrix display, such as a vacuum fluorescent display.
An acceleration measurement system according to the present invention, mountable on the body of a vehicle of the type having a suspension which permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll with respect to the surface over which the vehicle travels, measures lateral and forward acceleration of the vehicle in the plane of the surface. The system includes an acceleration transducer means, a processor means, and a display means. The acceleration transducer means provides indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward, and vertical directions. The processor means transforms the indications of acceleration from the acceleration transducer means to a coordinate system in which two axes of the coordinate system are parallel to the surface. The display means is responsive to said roll and pitch means and displays indications of acceleration in the two axes in the plane of the surface.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system, mountable on the body of a vehicle, for measuring the lateral and forward acceleration of a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle travels; to provide such a system in which nominal lateral, forward and vertical acceleration measurements are made and transformed to a coordinate system which is fixed with respect to the body of the vehicle; and to provide such a system in which the roll and pitch of the vehicle are taken into account.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a representation of a g--g diagram display of the type provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a vehicle experiencing roll in response to lateral acceleration;
FIG. 3A is a schematic plan representation of a vehicle, illustrating a fixed coordinate system;
FIG. 3B is a schematic representation illustrating transformation between two coordinate systems; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the acceleration measurement system of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The present invention relates to a measurement and display system to provide an indication of the dynamic forces which act on a vehicle as it is maneuvered over an arbitrary course. As is known, acceleration data may be meaningfully depicted in a two-axis display, such as illustrated in FIG. 1, in which instantaneous lateral and fore/aft accelerations acting upon the vehicle are simultaneously presented. This display technique is commonly termed a "g--g diagram," since lateral acceleration is displayed along axis 10 at the same time that forward acceleration is displayed along axis 12. A series of plot points of the acceleration experienced over time trace out a path 14.
The system of the present invention provides a g--g diagram display of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle, and this information is made even more meaningful by presenting the acceleration indications in axes which are parallel to the plane of the road surface. It will be appreciated, however, that other data presentation modes may also be of interest and the present system therefore also is capable of graphically displaying either lateral or forward acceleration versus time. Additionally, acceleration levels may also be displayed numerically.
The present system is mounted in the passenger compartment of an a vehicle, such as automobile, but provides acceleration data in the plane of the road surface. As a consequence, it must take into account the fact that vehicle body is supported by a suspension system which permits the body to roll and pitch in response to acceleration forces, changing the measurement axes of the acceleration transducers. Consider FIG. 2 which illustrates an automobile 16 on a level track 18 experiencing a rightward acceleration of .alpha. and an acceleration induced roll angle of the vehicle body 20 of .theta.. A laterally directed, body-mounted accelerometer (not shown) is subjected to a portion of the force of gravity and will therefore produce an output of a (cos .theta.)+g(sin .theta.), whereas the desired output is a. To illustrate, using representative numbers of a=0.7g and .alpha.=7 degrees, the accelerometer will product an output of 0.82g instead of the desired output of 0.7 g, yielding an error of +17%. Since it is highly desirable for the measurement system to be located in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the present invention addresses the problem of compensating for the contamination of the accelerometer data by the gravity acceleration component arising from induced body roll and pitch.
Measuring the fore/aft and lateral accelerations required for generation of the g--g diagram, in principle, requires only two accelerometers aligned with the corresponding axes of the vehicle. However, a fundamental feature of the present invention is the use of data from three orthogonally oriented accelerometers. As will be shown, the availability of a third axis of acceleration data, nominally in the vertical direction, in addition to two axes of acceleration data, nominally in the forward and lateral directions, affords numerous benefits in improved accuracy, ease of installation and alignment, and permits the resulting g--g diagram to depict lateral tire loads arising from changes in elevation on a banked track that would otherwise be unrecognized.
The orientation of the three orthogonal accelerometers defines an input coordinate measuring system along whose axes vehicular accelerations are sensed. In a somewhat similar fashion the tire/pavement contact patches define the forward and lateral axes of the output, plane-of-the-road coordinate system with the third axis of this system being normal to the road surface. The present invention uses coordinate transformation to translate data from the input measurement axes into the output plane-of-the-road axes. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate these two coordinate systems, with the X', Y', Z' coordinate system in FIG. 3B being the input measurement coordinate system.
The orientation between the two coordinate systems can be broken down into several components. First is the relative orientation of the instrument case with respect to the forward lateral and vertical axes of the vehicle body. This is established at the time that the system is installed in the vehicle. The accelerometer axes should be fairly well aligned with the vehicle body axes for best accuracy. A second component is the orientation of the body with respect to the plane of the road. This component, in turn, can be broken down into three sub-components. One is the static orientation of the body with respect to the tire contact areas on the road surface, and the remaining components are the roll rotation and the pitch rotations of the vehicle body induced by forces acting horizontally upon the vehicle. The present invention mathematically establishes the orientation of the accelerometer axes with respect to the road surface when the car is at rest. The acceleration induced pitch and roll rotations are estimated, based in part on sensitivity specifications provided by the vehicle manufacturer. With these orientations established, the corresponding coordinate rotations transform the input data to the desired output plane-of-the track description.
In this embodiment of the invention, the coordinate transformations are made by treating the signals from a 3-axis accelerometer, mounted in the vehicle body, as a vector. This input vector is multiplied by a direction cosine matrix which yields a description of the applied acceleration in the output coordinate system. Alternate embodiments may employ other transformation methods, such as quaternions, Euler angles or simply trigonometric manipulations of the inputs. All these methods achieve the result of transforming data from the accelerometer axes to the plane-of-the-track output axes. A detailed discussion of matrix algebra and coordinate transformations will not be given here, since these techniques are described in most texts on inertial navigation, and may also be found in the "Handbook of Mathematical Tables," published by the Chemical Rubber Company.
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of the system of the present invention. An acceleration transducer means 21 includes an array of three accelerometers 22, arranged with nominally orthogonal axes. The accelerometers are mounted in the vehicle body, and their axes are aligned generally with the vertical, lateral and forward axes of the body. The outputs of these transducers are filtered by low pass filters 24 to preclude aliasing errors during subsequent sampling. In the embodied invention, the sampling takes place at a 10 Hz rate and the low pass filters 24 possess a third order Bessel response which offers good preservation of the time domain signal characteristics. The outputs from filters 24 are supplied to a processor means 26. The filtered signals, providing indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions, are sampled and digitized by a 10 bit Analog-to-Digital converter 28 (A/D) whose output is, in turn, processed by a microcomputer 30. The A/D and microcomputer preferably comprise a single device, namely an Intel 8097 microcontroller. A Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor random access memory (CMOS RAM) 32 and attendant battery 34 provide for storage and retention of test data during periods when power is removed from the system. The processed output data is displayed on a vacuum fluorescent display 36 that preferably includes a 27.times.27 dot matrix array for graphical presentation of the data, as well as 7-segment numerical displays of acceleration magnitude and elapsed test time.
As shown in FIG. 4, the system is partitioned into two separate enclosures. The instrument enclosure 38 includes the transducers 22, low pass filters 24 and supporting power supply circuitry 40. It will be understood that the power supply 40 provides all necessary operating voltages and currents for the system. As mentioned above, for optimum accuracy the axes of the accelerometers 22 should be aligned with the axes of the vehicle body as closely as practicable. It is for this reason that the transducers are partitioned into a enclosure 38 for installation at a convenient location within the passenger compartment of the vehicle, such as under a seat. The display enclosure 42 is positioned in the vehicle for the easiest access to keypad 44 and viewing of display 36 by the operator.
The digital signal processing employed in the present invention will now be described. The first operation is the correction of misalignment errors in the accelerometer instrument transducers. The accelerometers employed in this embodiment are preferably of the pendulous force-rebalance variety. Due to manufacturing imperfections, the sensing mass of such a transducer may not be perfectly positioned within its frame. The result is that the axes of the three accelerometers are probably not precisely orthogonal, nor are they in precise alignment with the external surfaces of the instrument enclosure 38. A matrix multiplication operation may be utilized to compensate these misalignments and yield an output simulating a set of perfectly aligned transducers. This produces digitized acceleration values in directions of axes aligned with the instrument case and therefore nominally with the car body, assuming accurate installation of the enclosure 38 within the car. The second operation transforms the acceleration data into a first coordinate frame, fixed with respect to the vehicle body, that would be defined by the tire contact points for the vehicle at rest on level ground; that is, a coordinate system which is fixed with respect to the vehicle body and which has it lateral and forward axes in a plane which is horizontal when the vehicle is at rest on a horizontal surface. This coordinate rotation accounts for static misalignments of the instrument case with respect to the suspension of the vehicle.
The relative orientation between the first coordinate frame and a second coordinate frame, defined by the road surface would be unchanging under all circumstances of terrain and acceleration if it were not for the suspension system of the vehicle which allows the vehicle body to roll and to pitch in response to acceleration and gravitational forces. These roll and pitch rotations are estimated and a final coordinate rotation transforms the acceleration data into the desired plane-of-the-road coordinate system.
The method for estimation of the roll and pitch rotations utilizes the fact that roll and pitch sensitivities, as measured in radians/g, are relatively constant under most driving conditions. Vehicle suspensions permit generally linear roll and pitch in response to applied forces. The operator manually enters, by use of the key pad 44, the coefficients that describe this behavior for both the roll and pitch axes of the test vehicle. The system then uses these coefficients, in conjunction with the observed accelerations in the first coordinate frame, to estimate the roll and pitch rotation angles and the orientation of the second coordinate frame.
It will be appreciated that, if desired, a more accurate, albeit more expensive, approach may be taken in which the roll and pitch rotations are actually measured by means of height transducers. These transducers can be implemented with sonar ranging units of the type manufactured by Poloroid Corporation. Three sensors mounted near three corners of the body measure distance from the road surface and thereby determine the orientation of the body plane with respect to the road surface. More particularly, the microprocessor 30 notes changes in the ride height from reference positions established during a leveling procedure and, knowing the distance between the sensors (entered manually), uses the arctangent function to compute the required angles on a sample-by-sample basis.
As already discussed, an algorithm mathematically determines the orientation between the instrument case and a plane, defined by the body which is horizontal when the automobile is experiencing no body rotation forces and is at rest on level ground. It is possible to determine this orientation because when the vehicle is at rest on level ground, the output data taken along both nominal forward and lateral axes should be 0 and the vertical axis data should be 1 g. However, in general the instrument case will be misaligned with respect to the horizontal plane, and some portion of the force of gravity will appear in the each of the nominal horizontal channels. The algorithm determines the rotation matrix that will transform these misaligned outputs to a horizontal orientation.
Consider a car and its transducer on an inclined surface with the nose of the car pointing upgrade, so that the Y sensor subtends an angle .alpha. with respect to the horizontal plane. In similar fashion, the right side of the car points upgrade so that the X sensor subtends an angle .alpha. relative to the horizontal. Assume that the car attains this position by undergoing two successive rotations from the horizontal plane, a roll rotation of .beta. followed by a pitch rotation of .alpha., as shown in FIG. 3B. The direction cosine matrices describing these rotations are: ##EQU3## where [TRANSDUCER] is a vector representing the output of the tranducers in nominal forward, lateral and vertical directions and [HORZ] is a vector representing the applied accelerations in the horizontal reference frame. Each vectors' components are defined as x, y, z or correspondingly right acceleration, forward acceleration, vertical acceleration. With the car at rest, [HORZ]=[0,0,1 g]. Let the corresponding [TRANSDUCER] vector components be X.sub.G, Y.sub.G and Z.sub.G.
Then carrying out the matrix equation: ##EQU4## yields ##EQU5##
Thus the misalignment of the instrument axes with respect to the horizontal can be calculated by simply taking data when the car is at rest. If the car is know to be on level ground, then the alignment procedure consists of taking a single data point and calculating the rotation matrix as will be detailed below. If the ground has a small but unknown grade, then the leveling procedure consists of a two step procedure. The car is parked and the first data point is recorded. The position of the tires is marked and the car is turned around 180 degrees and again parked with the tires in the same spots as in the first step (i.e. front wheel and rear wheel positions are now interchanged). The second data point is now taken. The .alpha. and .beta. angles from each trial are computed using the above formulii and then averaged respectively: ##EQU6##
This angle-averaging procedure cancels out the component of the misalignment that arises from the inclination of the road surface and only misalignment of the instrument with respect to the horizontal remains. The transducer to level transformation matrix may now be determined.
The level, or horizontal-to-transducer transformation was given above equation (3). The reverse transformation is simply the matrix inverse. Since transformation matrices are orthognal, the inverse is simply the matrix transpose wherein the rows and columns are interchanged. The required transducer-to-level transformation is therefore: ##EQU7##
To reiterate, the transducer to level rotation, performed by the microprocessor 30 transforms the data from the nominal instrument axes to the plane of the road, except for the additional misalignment arising from body roll and pitch. The body roll correction transformation is developed in a similar manner. Acceleration forces are assumed to induce body roll of .theta. and pitch of .phi. that rotate the first or "leveled" coordinate frame away from the plane of the track. The plane-of-track to body-rotated transformation has the same form as the level-to-transducer transformation described in (3) above. Therefore to rotate the displaced coordinate frame back to the plane of the track requires use of the inverted, i.e. transposed matrix. Thus a second application of the type of transformation given in (9), where .theta. and .phi. are the respective pitch and roll rotations, transforms the "leveled" data back to the plane of the surface. ##EQU8##
The formula used to estimate the roll and pitch angles .theta. and .phi. will now be described.
Consider a vehicle experiencing lateral acceleration of a, vertical acceleration of v, and a resulting roll rotation of .theta.. The body aligned horizontal (x) and verticle (z) accelerometers will sense:
If the suspension's roll sensitivity is R, expressed in radians/g, then:
Solution of these two equations in two unknowns would yield the lateral acceleration a. Computation of the solution may be simpified by employing a few approximations. Since the rotation angles seldom reach 0.25 radians, small angle approximations may be utilized:
Appropriate substitution yields:
Solving for v and substituting yields:
Solution of this cubic equation can be circumvented by discarding the a.sup.3 R.sup.2 term, which yields a tolerable error of less than 5% in the estimated rotation angle. Solution of the resulting linear equation yields an estimate of the lateral acceleration, a':
Thus the estimated roll angle .theta.' is
The estimated rotation angle .theta.' is used for the rotation transformation because this technique results in a smaller error in computed acceleration than if the estimated acceleration from (16) is used directly.
A numerical example will illustrate:
Assume a=1.0, v=1.0, R=0.2 rad/g=11.4/g
Then .theta.'=0.2 rad and
Then a'=x/(1+zR)=1.02 g (vs. 1.00 g ideally) and .theta.'=a'R=0.2039 rad (vs. 0.2000 rad ideally).
The transformed x output is x cos 0.2039-z sin 0.2039=0.0996 g (-0.4% error).
In a similar manner, the pitch rotation is esimated from the following formula:
where y is the forward acceleration and P is the pitch sensitivity in radians/g. The estimated pitch and roll angles are now used in the transformation of equation (9) to produce the desired acceleration values, both lateral and forward, in the plane of the road surface. These values are supplied to display 36 for viewing by the operator in any of a number of formats. Additionally, these values are stored in memory 32, permitting later analysis and review.
The above transformations are accomplished by means of the microprocessor 30 under control of a computer program permanently stored in microprocessor 30, a copy of which follows. ##SPC1##
Having described the invention in detail and by reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for providing an indication of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle moves, in which the system is mounted on the vehicle body and in which the suspension system of the vehicle permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll with respect to the surface when the vehicle is subjected to acceleration, comprising: acceleration transducer means for providing indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions; processor means, including: leveling means, responsive to said indications from said acceleration transducer means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in a reference plane and of acceleration normal to the reference plane, with reference plane being fixed with respect to the body of the vehicle and horizontal when the vehicle is at rest on a horizontal surface, said leveling means performing the transformation: ##EQU9## where is the acceleration vector with respect to the reference plane, is the acceleration vector in the nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions, .alpha. is the angle between the nominal forward direction and the reference plane, and .beta. is the angle between the nominal lateral direction and the reference plane, roll and pitch compensation means, responsive to said indications from the leveling means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface, and display means, responsive to said roll and pitch means, for displaying said indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface.
2. The system of claim 1 in which said acceleration transducer means comprises: a three axis accelerometer transducer, and a three channel low pass filter, responsive to said transducer, for providing said indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions.
3. The system of claim 1 in which said processor means comprises: analog to digital converter means for converting said indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions to digital form and for supplying indications of acceleration in digital form to said leveling means.
4. The system of claim 3 in which said leveling means and said roll and pitch compensation means comprise a programmed digital microprocessor.
5. The system of claim 4 in which said processor means further comprises a CMOS random access memory and a battery power supply for said memory.
6. The system of claim 5 in which said processor means further comprises keypad means for manual entry of data and control commands to said leveling means and said roll and pitch compensation means.
7. The system of claim 1 in which said display means comprises a dot matrix display.
8. The system of claim 7 in which said dot matrix display comprises a vacuum fluorescent display.
9. A system for providing an indication of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle moves, in which the system is mounted on the vehicle body and in which the suspension system of the vehicle permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll with respect to the surface when the vehicle is subjected to acceleration, comprising: acceleration transducer means for providing indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions; processor means, including: leveling means, responsive to said indications from said acceleration transducer means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in a reference plane and of acceleration normal to the reference plane, with reference plane being fixed with respect to the body of the vehicle and horizontal when the vehicle is at rest on a horizontal surface, roll and pitch compensation means, responsive to said indications from the leveling means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface, said roll and pitch compensation means performing the transformation: ##EQU10## where [SURFACE] is the acceleration vector with respect to the surface, [LEVEL] is the acceleration vector with respect to the reference plane, .theta. is the angle of roll of the vehicle body with respect to said surface, and .phi. is the angle of pitch with respect to said surface, and display means, responsive to said roll and pitch means, for displaying said indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface.
10. A system for providing an indication of the acceleration experienced by a vehicle in the plane of the surface over which the vehicle moves, in which the system is mounted on the vehicle body and in which the suspension system of the vehicle permits the vehicle body to pitch and roll with respect to the surface when the vehicle is subjected to acceleration, comprising: acceleration transducer means for providing indications of acceleration in nominal lateral, forward and vertical directions; processor means, including: leveling means, responsive to said indications from said acceleration transducer means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in a reference plane and of acceleration normal to the reference plane, with reference plane being fixed with respect to the body of the vehicle and horizontal when the vehicle is at rest on a horizontal surface, roll and pitch compensation means, responsive to said indications from the leveling means, for providing indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface, said roll and pitch compensation means performing the transformation: ##EQU11## where [SURFACE] is the acceleration vector with respect to the surface, [LEVEL] is the acceleration vector with respect to the reference plane, .theta. is the angle of roll of the vehicle body with respect to said surface, and .phi. is the angle of pitch with respect to said surface, wherein said roll and pitch compensation means determines .theta. and .phi. by the approximations: where x is the lateral acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], z is the vertical acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], y is the forward acceleration component of the vector [LEVEL], R is roll sensitivity of the vehicle, and P is the pitch sensitivity of the vehicle, and display means, responsive to said roll and pitch means, for displaying said indications of lateral and forward acceleration in the plane of said surface.
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