Phenols and Their Production

The present invention relates to new phenols, to a process for their preparation and to their use as stabilisers and corrosion inhibitors. Phenols of similar structure are described in the Japanese patent specification No. 5 7203-030.

According to the present invention, there are provided compounds having the formula (I): ##STR1## where p is 1, 2 or 3; and q is 0, 1, or 2 provided that p+q is .ltoreq.3; R is a group having the formula: ##STR2## and, when p is 2 or 3, each R group may be the same or different and is present in the 2-,4- or 6-position; n is an integer from 2 to 30; k is 1 or 2; Q is selected from the residues

(i) --COOR.sup.4 or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 is H, a straight or branched chain alkyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by 1 to 5 oxygen atoms, and optionally substituted by a group OR.sup.6 wherein R.sup.6 is C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, straight or branch C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl; divalent straight- or branched chain alkylene having 2-20 carbon atoms; a straight or branched chain alkenyl group having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; or an aralkyl group having from 7 to 13 carbon atoms; a 5-or 6-membered heterocycle containing an oxygen atom, and optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight- or branch chain alkyl groups, or methyl substituted by a 5-or 6-membered heterocycle containing an oxygen atom and optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight- or branch chain alkyl groups, provided that, when k is 2, the two carbon atoms to which the --COOR.sup.4 groups are attached are not adjacent to one another; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are each bonded, may from a 5-or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups;

(ii) --OX wherein X is R.sup.5 or COR.sup.7, wherein R.sup.5 has its previous significance, R.sup.7 is H or a straight- or branch chain alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a straight- or branch chain alkenyl having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl group, or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group, optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups;

(iii) --NR.sup.8 R.sup.9 where R.sup.8 is H or a straight- or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.9 is H, a straight- or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of formula --COR.sup.7 wherein R.sup.7 has its previous significance, or R.sup.8 and R.sup.9, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are each bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered ring, optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups;

(iv) --PO(OR.sup.10)[O].sub.x R.sup.11 wherein x is 0 or 1, and when x is 1, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are the same or different and each is H or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; or R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 may be linked together to form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 alkylene chain optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl groups, and when x is 0, R.sup.10 is H or a straight- or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R.sup.11 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight chain alkyl group;

(v) CN, halogen, NO.sub.2 ; and

(vi) COR.sup.12 where R.sup.12 is H or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or halogen; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each is straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and, when Q is CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, either R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is optionally substituted by a --CO.sub.2 R.sup.4 group, the R.sup.4 groups being independent, or R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 may be so linked to the residue C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1-k that there is formed a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene residue substituted by the group --(CO.sub.2 R.sup.4).sub.k, the R.sup.4 groups being independent, wherein R.sup.4 and k have their previous significance; and, when Q is a --COR.sup.12 group, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 may be so linked to the residue C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1-k that there is formed a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene residue optionally substituted by a group --COR.sup.12 ; provided that when the group Q is a CO.sub.2 R.sub.4 residue where R.sub.4 is a divalent straight or branch chain alkylene having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, then p and k are both 1 and the compound has the formula Ia: ##STR3## where R.sup.40 is a divalent straight- or branch chain alkylene residue having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and provided that, when the group Q is a CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 residue where R.sup.4 is a divalent straight or branch chain alkylene residue having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.5 has its previous significance, then p and k are both 1 and the compound of formula I has the formula Ib: ##STR4## where R.sup.41 is a divalent straight or branched chain alkyl residue having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 straight- or branched chain alkyl group, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl group, halogen, CF.sub.3, SH, SR.sup.13, CO.sub.2 H, CO.sub.2 R.sup.13, COR.sup.13, COC.sub.6 H.sub.5, CONH.sub.2, CN, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2, PO(OH).sub.2, PO(OR.sup.13).sub.2, or NO.sub.2 wherein R.sup.13 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight- or branched chain alkyl group, and, when q is 2, each R.sup.1 group may be the same or different and when q is 1, R.sup.1 in formula I can also be a residue having the formula III or IV; ##STR5## wherein R and R.sup.1 have their previous significance, r is 0, 1 or 2 and s is 0 or 1, provided that r+s.ltoreq.2, and M is a direct bond, --C(R.sup.14) (R.sup.15)--, --S--, --S--S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 SCH.sub.2 --, --O--, --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --, or --NR.sup.16 --in which R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are the same or different and are hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by 1-3 sulphur atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered ring which may be further substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl groups and R.sup.16 is hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or phenyl; provided that the compound of formula I contains only one residue of formula III or IV and that this residue III or IV is present in the 2-, 4- or 6- position with respect to the OH group and provided that, when p is 1, R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, k is 1, Q is --COOR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is H, and q has its previous significance, then n is not 2; and salts thereof with organic or inorganic acids and bases.

When the group R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 straight- or branched chain alkyl group it may be, for example, a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, t-amyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl n-decyl, or n-dodecyl group. When the group R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight or branched chain alkyl group it may be, for example, a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl or neopentyl group.

When the group R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 straight or branched chain alkyl group optionally interrupted by one to 5 oxygen atoms it may be, for example, a methyl, ethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-n-propoxyethyl, 2-n-butoxyethyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl, --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.2 CH.sub.3, --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.3 CH.sub.3, --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.4 CH.sub.3 or (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.5 CH.sub.3 group.

When R.sup.4, R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 straight or branched chain alkenyl group, it may be for example, a prop-2-enyl,n-but-2-enyl, 2-methyl-prop-2-enyl, n-pent-2-enyl, n-hex-2-enyl, n-hexa-2,4-dienyl, n-dec-10-enyl, or n-eicos-2-enyl group.

When the group R.sup.4, R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl group, it may be, for example, a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, adamantyl, or cyclododecyl group. When the group R.sup.4, R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 aralkyl group it may be, for example, a benzyl, phenylethyl, benzhydryl, or naphthylmethyl group.

When the group R.sup.4, R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group optionally substituted by a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight or branched chain alkyl group, it may be, a phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumyl, butylphenyl or naphthyl group.

When the group Q is a --COOR.sup.4 group and R.sup.4 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing oxygen, and optionally substituted by one or two straight- or branch chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, it may be, for example, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl or 2,6-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-4-yl. When the group R.sup.4 is methyl substituted by a 5- or 6- membered heterocycle containing an oxygen atom, and optionally substituted by one or two straight- or branch chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, it may be, for example, furfuryl, tetrahydrofurfuryl or tetrahydropyran-2-yl.

When the group R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.13 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 straight or branched chain alkyl group it may be for example, a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl or sec-butyl group.

When the groups R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 and the groups R.sup.8 and R.sup.9, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, this ring may be a pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or a 2,5-dimethyl morpholine ring.

When the groups R.sup.5,R.sup.7,R.sup.10,R.sup.11,R.sup.12,R.sup.14,R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 straight or branched chain alkyl they may be the same or different and may be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl,n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl,n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl or n-eicosyl groups.

When the groups R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are linked to form a C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 methylene chain optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl chains, they may be for example --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --,CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)--, --CH.sub.2 CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--, --CH.sub.2 CH(C.sub.20 H.sub.41)--, --CH(CH.sub.3)CH(CH.sub.3)--, --CH--(CH.sub.3)C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, or CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)-- groups.

When the groups R.sup.14 and R.sup.15, together with the carbon atom ring to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted C.sub.5 --or C.sub.6 --ring, this ring may be a cyclopentane, cyclohexane, 4-t-butyl cyclohexane or 2,6-dimethyl cyclohexane ring.

When the group R.sup.40 or R.sup.41 is a divalent straight or branched chain alkylene group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms it may be, for example, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5, --(CH.sub.2).sub.14 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.16 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.18 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.20 --. --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)--, --CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --CHCH.sub.3 CHCH.sub.3 --, or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --.

When the group Q and R.sup.1 is halogen it may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. When the group R.sup.12 is halogen it may be chlorine or bromine.

Examples of salts include salts with alkali and alkaline earth metals and amines and, where Q is a

NR.sup.8 R.sup.9 group, salts with organic and inorganic acids for example, hydrochloric, sulphuric, para-toluene-sulphonic and oxalic acids.

In one preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention have the formula (V): ##STR6## wherein R.sup.1, p and q have their previous significance and R.sup.0 is a residue of formula: ##STR7## in which n, k, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have their previous significance.

More preferred compounds of formula V are those where k=1; particularly preferred are those where R.sup.0 is a residue of formula IIa; especially preferred are those wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3 and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight or branch chain alkyl; and most especially preferred are those where n=3.

Other preferred compounds of the invention are those having the formula I wherein p is 1 and q, n, k, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 R.sup.3 and Q have their previous significance. More preferred compounds of this embodiment are those where k=1; particularly preferred are those where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 =CH.sub.3 and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight or branch chain alkyl; and most particularly preferred are those where n=3 to 10.

In particular, those compounds of formula V are preferred which do not contain a residue of formula III or IV.

Non-limiting examples of compounds of formula I include:

5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid and its sodium salt

5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid and its sodium salt

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

n-Hexyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Ethylhexyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Eicosyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Butoxyethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5methyl-hexanoate

2-Cyclohexyloxyethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Allyloxyethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Phenoxyethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-(4-Methylphenoxy)-ethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Benzyloxyethyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Allyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Undecenyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Cyclohexyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Phenyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

4-Methylphenyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Benzyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Tetrahydrofurfuryl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Furfuryl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Tetrahydropyran-4-yl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-Methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-n-Butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N,N-Dimethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N,N-Diethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N,N-Di-n-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N,n-Eicosyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-Allyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-Cyclohexyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-Benzyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-Phenyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid amide

N-[5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoyl]-morpholine

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Allyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Cyclohexyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

5-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

5-(2-Hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

5-(5-Ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

Methyl 5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3,5-di-ethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(5-n-decyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

5-(2-Hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-sec-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-cumyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-cumyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-5-methyl hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-[2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-5-methyl-hexanoate

5-(3-t-Butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

5-(3-t-Butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid chloride

Bis-[5-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate]ester of 1,6-hexanediol

Bis-[5-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl-5-methyl-hexanoate]ester of 1,6-hexanediol

Bis-[5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate]ester of 1,6-hexanediol

5-(3-t-Butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylamine

5-(3-t-Butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of n-dodecylamine

Bis-5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of 1,6-diamino-hexane

Methyl 5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

Methyl 5-(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

2,4-Bis-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2,6-Bis-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2,6-Bis-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol

2,4,6-Tris-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2,4,6-Tris-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2,4-Bis-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2,6-Bis-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol

2-(8-n-Butyloxy-2,6-dimethyl-oct-2-yl)-4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2 -yl)-phenol

2,6-Bis-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

4-(7-Methoxycarbonyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-hept-4-yl)-phenol

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hexanoate

2-Carboxy-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid

Methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methoxy-carbonyl-5-methyl-hexanoate

Dimethyl 5-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-azelate

Dimethyl 5-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-azelate

7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octan-1-ol

7-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octan-1-ol

1-n-Butyloxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Acetoxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Eicosoyloxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Crotonyloxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Cyclohexancarbonyloxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Phenylacetoxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-Benzoyloxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

1-(4-Methylbenzoyloxy)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

6-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-methylamino-heptane

6-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-dimethylamino-heptane

2-n-Ethylamino-6-(4hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-n-Butylamino-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-di-n-Butylamino-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

6-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-morpholino-heptane

2-Amino-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane and its hydrochloride salt

2-Amino-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane and its hydrochloride salt

2-Acetamido-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-Acetamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-Eicosamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-Crotonamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-Cyclohexancarbonamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

2-Benzamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane

Dimethyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Diethyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Dimethyl 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonate

Diethyl 7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane-phosphonate

Diethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexane phosphonate

Diethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexane phosphonate

3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonic acid

3-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-phosphonic acid

3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane-methylphosphonic acid and its sodium acid

Di-dodecyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butyl-phosphonate

2-[3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butyl]-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane

1-Bromo-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane

7-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1-nitro-octane

7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1-nitro-octane

1-Acetoxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane

6-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptan-2-one

6-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptan-2-one

cis-[4-Acetyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[4-Acetyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

1-Cyano-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-pentane

1-Cyano-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-pentane

cis-[4-Cyano-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[4-Cyano-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

Ethyl 2-cyano-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate

cis-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

cis-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

cis-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-cis-3,4-di-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-cis-3,4-di-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

cis-[1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

cis-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclo hexane

trans-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyc lohexane

trans-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-4-carboxy]-1-methyl-cyclohexane

trans-[1-(3,5-di-t-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-cyclo hexane

Bis-[4-methyl-trans-(4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1-carbo xylic acid)] ester of hexane-1,6-diol

5-(5-Carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid

Methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzoate

3,5-Bis-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid

Methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-bis-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzoate

5-(6-Amino-2-methyl-hept-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid

Methyl 5-(6-amino-2-methyl-hept-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzoate

2-Hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-4-phosphono-but-2-yl)-benzoic acid

Methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-4-dimethylphosphono-but-2-yl)-benzoate

Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzoate

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-acetophenone

2-Hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-acetophenone

4-Hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-acetophenone

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzophenone

2-Hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzophenone

4-Hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzophenone

2-Cyano-4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

4-Cyano-2-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzoamide

4-Hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzamide

4-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-methylmercapto-phenol

2-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-4-methylmercapto-phenol

4-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-trifluoromethyl-phenol

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzene-sulphonic acid

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzene-sulphonamide

2-Hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzene-phosphonic acid

Diethyl 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenylphosphonate

4-(5-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol

Bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-me thane

Bis-[2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-me thane

Bis-[4-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-me thane

Bis-2,2-[4-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl ]-propane

Bis-1,1-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl ]-cyclohexane

Bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-su lphide

Bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-di sulphide

Bis-[2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-su lphoxide

Bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-su lphone

Bis-[2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-benzyl]-su lphide

Bis-[4-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-ox ide

Bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-benzyl]-ox ide

4,4-Dihydroxy-5,5'-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3,3'-dimethyl-dip henylamine

The present invention provides a process for the production of compounds of formula I comprising reacting, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, a phenol having the formula ##STR8## wherein R.sup.1 has its previous significance and q is 0, 1 or 2, provided that the compound of formula VI contains only one residue of formula III or IV bonded in the 2-, 4- or 6-position relative to the OH group, with a functional alkylating agent VII capable of introducing a group of formula: ##STR9## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, Q, n and k have their previous significance. The alkylation step is conveniently carried out at a temperature ranging from 20.degree. to 170.degree. preferably 100.degree.-150.degree.. The catalyst may be a Bronsted acid, an active earth, or a metal salt. Bronsted acids suitable for the purpose may be organic or inorganic or a partial salt thereof and may be an inorganic mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, perchloric, and orthophosphoric acid; an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl substituted inorganic acid such as methane and ethane sulphonic acids, benzene sulphonic acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and methane phosphonic acid; an organic acid such as dichloro acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acids. Active earths suitable for alkylation include Fulmont 237.RTM. and Fulcat 22.RTM., while aluminium phenoxide is a suitable metal salt.

Preferred catalysts are the active earths.

The reaction may be carried out with or without a solvent, convenient solvents include hydrocarbons such as benzene, cyclohexane, heptane. Other solvents include methanol/sulphuric acid or water/sulphuric acid and the solvent here acts as a catalyst. Compounds of formula I may be obtained from compounds of formula VI by reaction with from 0.1 to 4.0 moles of alkylating agent VII per mole of compound of formula VI. More particularly, when it is required for compounds of formula I that p is 1, q being 0, 1 or 2, then 0.1 to 1.0 moles of alkylating agent VII per mole of compound of formula VI are used; when p is 2, q being 0 or 1, then at least 2 moles of alkylating agent VII per mole of compound of formula VI are used; and when R.sup.1 is a residue of formula III or IV in which s is 0 or 1 and r is 0 or 1, then up to 4 moles of alkylation agent VII are used per mole of compound VI.

Alternatively, compounds of formula I in which p is 2 or 3 and for which the R groups II may be the same or different, these may be prepared by introducing sequentially into compounds of formula I for which p is 1 or 2, the R group II, using at least 1 mole of VII per mole of I.

Alternatively, compounds of formula I where p is 1 or 2, q is 1 or 2 and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl group may be prepared from compounds of formula I where q is 0 or 1 and p is 1 or 2 by alkylation of I with at least one mole of a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 olefin or alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Compounds of formula I containing a residue of formula III or IV, as hereinbefore defined, may be produced by methods well-known per se, e.g., by condensing 2 moles of a compound of formula I in which q is 0 and p is 1 or 2 with an agent capable of introducing the linkage M.

Examples of Phenols VI include

Phenol

o-Cresol

m-Cresol

p-Cresol

2,6-Xylenol

2,4-Xylenol

2-Ethylphenol

4-Ethylphenol

2,6-Diethylphenol

2-iso-Propylphenol

4-iso-Propylphenol

2,6-di-iso-Propylphenol

2-sec-Butylphenol

4-sec-Butylphenol

2,6-di-sec-Butylphenol

4-t-Butyl-phenol

4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenol

4-n-Decylphenol

2-Chlorophenol

4-Chlorophenol

2,6-Dichlorophenol

2-Chloro-4-methyl-phenol

Salicylic acid

Methyl salicylate

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Methyl p-hydroxy-benzoate

2-Hydroxyacetophenone

2-Hydroxybutyrophenone

4-Hydroxyacetophenone

2-Hydroxybenzophenone

4-Hydroxybenzophenone

2-Cyanophenol

4-Cyanophenol

2-Hydroxybenzamide

4-Hydroxybenzamide

2-Methylmercaptophenol

4-Methylmercaptophenol

4-n-Butylmercaptophenol

2-Trifluromethylphenol

4-Trifluoromethylphenol

2-Hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid

4-Hydroxybenzenesulphonic acid

2-Hydroxybenzenesulphonamide

4-Hydroxybenzenesulphonamide

2-Hydroxybenzenephosphonic acid

4-Hydroxybenzenephosphonic acid

Diethyl 2-hydroxyphenylphosphonate

Diethyl 4-hydroxyphenylphosphonate

2-Nitrophenol

4-Nitrophenol

4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylmethane

4,4'-Dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-diphenylmethane

2,2-(4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl)-propane

1,1-(4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl)-cyclohexane

4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylamine

4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylether

Functional alkylating agents VII which are reacted with the phenol VI contain a reactive centre, for example, an olefinic or hydroxy group which is eliminated, transformed or rearranged during the course of the alkylation reaction. Examples of functional olefins suitable for the functional alkylation of compounds of formula VI are:

5-Methyl-hex-5-enoic acid

Methyl 5-methyl-hex-4-enoate

Methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate

Ethyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate

n-Hexyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate

2-Ethylhexyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate

n-Hexadecyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate

Methyl 5,7,7,-trimethyl-oct-4-enoate

1,7-Dimethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-hept-3-ene

1-Acetoxy-3-methyl-but-3-ene

Citronellol

Citronellyl acetate

Citronellyl n-butylether

Citronellic acid

Methyl citronellate

Citronellyl nitrile

1-Bromo-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-ene

3,7-Dimethyl-1-nitro-oct-6-ene

Diethyl 3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-ene-1-phosphonate

Methyl 2-methoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hex-4-enoate

Ethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hex-4-enoate

Diethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hex-4-ene-2-phosphonate

Ethyl 2-cyano-5-methyl-hex-4-enoate

Dimethyl prenyl phosphonate

Diethyl prenyl phosphonate

1-Cyano-4-methyl-pent-4-ene

6-Methyl-hept-6-en-2-one

2-Amino-6-methyl-hept-5-ene and hydrochloride

2-Amino-6-methyl-hept-6-ene and hydrochloride

2-Acetamido-6-methyl-hept-5-ene

2-Acetamido-6-methyl-hept-6-ene

4-Methoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene

4-Cyano-1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene

4-Acetyl-1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene

Examples of functional hydroxy compounds suitable for functional alkylation of compounds of formula VI are:

2-Amino-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptane and hydrochloride

2-Acetamido-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptane

11-Amino-2,2,12-trimethyl-tridecan-1-ol

as well as members selected from 11-amino-undecanols of the formula: ##STR10## wherein Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.3, independently, are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.4, independently, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; and Y.sub.5 and Y.sub.6, independently, are H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

These 11-amino-undecanols are described in more detail, together with their method of manufacture in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2831299. Examples of olefins suitable for the alkylation of compounds of formula I wherein q is 0 or 1 and p is 1 or 2 are isobutylene and diisobutylene. Examples of alcohols suitable for the alkylation of compounds of formula I wherein q is 0 or 1 and p is 1 or 2 are t-butanol and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutan-1-ol. Any functional derivative of a compound of formula I may be converted to a different functional derivative. For example when Q is the acid group CO.sub.2 H it may be esterified with a monovalent alcohol R.sup.4 OH to give the corresponding ester CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, with a divalent alcohol R.sup.40 (OH).sub.2 to give the corresponding ester --CO.sub.2).sub.2 R.sup.40, or when Q is the ester group CO.sub.2 R.sup.4 it may be transesterified to give a different R.sup.4 or R.sup.40 group or alternatively the ester group --CO.sub.2 R.sup.4 may be converted to an amide CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 by treatment with an amine NHR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have their previous significance or with a diamine R.sup.5 HN-R.sup.41 -NHR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is independently as previously described. The compounds of formula 1 are useful as stabilisers and anti-oxidants for example for polymer, oil or photographic systems, and as corrosion inhibitors. The compounds of formula 1 are also useful as intermediates for photographic chemicals.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a composition comprising a substrate and, as stabiliser, a compound of formula I, as previously defined.

In one preferred embodiment, the substrate is an aqueous medium in contact with metals, especially ferrous metals, and the compound of formula I functions to inhibit corrosion of the metal by the aqueous medium.

In a further preferred embodiment, the substrate system is an organic material susceptible to oxidative decomposition e.g. a polymeric material, an oil or a photographic system and the compound of formula I functions as an antioxidant, optionally as a thermal antioxidant.

The following Examples further illustrate the present invention. Parts and percentages shown therein are by weight; pressures are in millibars.

(a) 94 Parts of phenol, 14.2 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, and 5.0 parts of Fulmont 237.RTM. were stirred at 110.degree. C. for 20 hours. The partly cooled reaction mixture was then filtered free of catalyst and distilled. After recovering 82 parts of phenol there was obtained methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.85 167.degree.-72.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

(b) 5.0 Parts of methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 1a, 5.0 parts of sodium hydroxide, and 50 parts of water were refluxed for 3 hours. The homogeneous solution after acidification with 36% hydrochloric acid gave an oil which solidified on cooling. The solid was filtered off and recrystallised from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether at 0.degree. C. to give 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid m.p. 94.degree.-6.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

94 Parts of phenol, 28.5 parts of 4-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylcyclohex-1-ene, and 5.0 parts of Fulmont 237.RTM. were reacted and worked up as in Example 1. The fraction b.sub.0.4 167.degree.-94.degree. C. consisting of the cis and trans isomers of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-cyclohexane was fractionally crystallised from ether. The initial crop of crystals gave after crystallisation from methanol and water the trans-isomer m.p. 120.degree.-2.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

The ethereal mother liquors which provided the first crop of crystals were concentrated to yield a further crop of crystals, and these after crystallisation from methanol and water gave the cis-isomer m.p. 128.degree.-30.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

Examples 3 to 20 in the following table further exemplify esters prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1. Reaction Reaction Found & required Phenol Alkylating Agent Catalyst Temp. Time bp/pressure Molecular % composition EXAMPLE (parts) ( parts) (parts) .degree.C. hours Products .degree.C./mb m.p. .degree.C. Formula Carbon Hydrogen Chlorine 3 ##STR11## ##STR12## Al(OPh).sub.3from Al (0.3) 175 40 ##STR13## 190-250/13 ##STR14## 125-7 C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.3 72.8072.55 8.128.12 4 ##STR15## ##STR16## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 18 ##STR17## 196-200/0.5 129-31 C.sub.17 H.sub.22 O.sub.5 66.6566.65 7.367.24 ##STR18## 5 ##STR19## ##STR20## Fulmont 237 .RTM. 140 48 ##STR21## 152-62/0.3 C.sub.18 H.sub.28 O.sub.3 73.6673.93 9.359.65 6 ##STR22## ##STR23## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(10) 130 18 ##STR24## 200/0.13wiped wallstill C.sub.16 H.sub.22 O.sub.5 65.3765.29 7.897.53 7 ##STR25## ##STR26## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 140 20 ##STR27## 210-6/0.13 ##STR28## C.sub.18 H.sub.26 O.sub.5 67.0567.08 8.268.07 8 ##STR29## ##STR30## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 125 20 ##STR31## 200-10/0.3 61-3 C.sub.22 H.sub.34 O.sub.5 70.0369.81 8.809.05 ##STR32## 132-4 C.sub.20 H.sub.30 O.sub.5 68.8868.55 8.618.63 9 ##STR33## ##STR34## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 125 24 ##STR35## 152-69/0.3 56-7 C.sub.15 H.sub.22 O.sub.3 72.2171.97 8.878.86 10 ##STR36## ##STR37## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 20 ##STR38## 144-6/1.3 C.sub.15 H.sub.22 O.sub.3 72.0371.97 8.748.86 ##STR39## 101-3 C.sub.14 H.sub.20 O.sub.3 71.0871.16 8.678.53 11 ##STR40## ##STR41## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 6 ##STR42## 160-70/0.3 141-3 C.sub.16 H.sub.23 O.sub.3 72.9573.25 8.758.45 ##STR43## 134-6 C.sub.16 H.sub.22 O.sub.3 72.9973.25 8.758.45 12 ##STR44## ##STR45## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(25) 125 18 ##STR46## ##STR47## 115-6 C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.5.H.sub.2 O 60.8860.39 7.587.43 13 ##STR48## ##STR49## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(10) 120 24 ##STR50## 156-64/0.3 40-2 C.sub.16 H.sub.24 O.sub.3 72.7072.69 9.019.15 14 ##STR51## ##STR52## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(10) 120 24 ##STR53## 148-52/0.3 ##STR54## 159-62 C.sub.15 H.sub.22 O.sub.3 71.9871.97 8.868.86 15 ##STR55## ##STR56## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 18 ##STR57## 168-78/0.65 ##STR58## 112-5 C.sub.15 H.sub.22 O.sub.3 71.8471.97 8.88 8.86 16 ##STR59## ##STR60## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 18 ##STR61## 171-4/0.65 C.sub.17 H.sub.26 O.sub.3 73.6273.35 9.379.41 ##STR62## 142-5 C.sub.16 H.sub.24 O.sub.3 72.9772.69 9.309.15 17 ##STR63## ##STR64## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 125 20 ##STR65## ##STR66## 111-4 C.sub.17 H.sub.26 O.sub.3 73.2373.35 9.499.41 18 ##STR67## ##STR68## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 7 ##STR69## 164-6/0.65 113-5 C.sub.21 H.sub.32 O.sub.3 75.6475.86 9.679.70 ##STR70## ##STR71## 161-3 C.sub.20 H.sub.30 O.sub.3 75.5475.43 9.649.49 19 ##STR72## ##STR73## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 125 24 ##STR74## 214-8/13 ##STR75## 48-50 C.sub.14 H.sub.19 ClO.sub.3 62.0162.10 7.187.07 13.3613.09 20 ##STR76## ##STR77## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 24 ##STR78## 172-5/0.5 80-2 C.sub.14 H.sub.19 ClO.sub.3 62.1562.10 7.107.07 12.9513.09

(a) 12.5 Parts of methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate prepared as described in Example 10, 14.2 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, and 1.0 parts of p-toluene sulphonic acid were heated on a steam-bath for 8 days. The reaction mixture after dilution with ether was washed with 2N sodium hydroxide solution, water, and evaporated.

Distillation of the residual oil gave after a fraction b.sub.0.4 up to 200.degree. C., bis-2,6-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol b.sub.0.4 206.degree.-10.degree. C. and m.p. 55.degree.-7.degree. C. from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether with the following percentage composition by weight.

(b) Hydrolysis of bis-2,6-(2-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol from 21a above with aqueous potassium hydroxide gave the corresponding di-acid m.p. 138.degree.-40.degree. C. after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether containing a little ether.

37.8 Parts of bis-2,4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)phenol from Example 8, 28.4 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, and 3.0 parts of p-toluene sulphonic acid were heated on a steam-bath for 48 hours. The work up followed Example 21a and gave on distillation tris-2,4,6-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol b.sub.0.3 230.degree.-42.degree. C., contaminated with 10% of the bis-2,4-diester. The impure triester was hydrolysed with potassium hydroxide and gave pure tris-2,4,6-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol with m.p. 156.degree.-60.degree. C. after crystallisation from water, and the following percentage composition by weight.

(a) 94 Parts of phenol, 35.4 parts of dimethyl prenyl phosphonate, and 5.0 parts of Fulmont 237.RTM. were stirred at 125.degree. C. for 15 hours. After the reaction mixture had been filtered, and the excess of phenol distilled off under reduced pressure, the residual oil was taken up in a mixture of ether and 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether. This solution after storage at 0.degree. C. yielded dimethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butanephosphonate m.p. 98.degree.-101.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

(b) 3.0 Parts of dimethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane phosphonate from Example 23a and 30 parts of 48% hydrobromic acid were heated on a steam--bath for 1 hour and the volatiles then removed at 80.degree. C. under reduced pressure. Crystallisation of the residual solid from water gave 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-butane phosphonic acid m.p. 192.degree.-5.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

94 Parts of phenol, 26 parts of diethyl 2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hex-4-ene-2-phosphonate, and 5.0 parts of Fulmont 237.RTM. were stirred at 110.degree. C. for 24 hours, and then filtered free of catalyst. After removing excess phenol, short-path distillation of the residue at 0.13 mb yielded a mixture of diethyl 5-(2 and 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-hexane-2-phosphonate with the following percentage composition by weight.

A 10 part sample of this mixture was separated by preparative H.P.L.C. after a single injection onto a column of 300 parts silica previously deactivated with 6% ethanol in hexane. The ortho-substituted isomer was obtained by elution with 5% ethanol in hexane and had m.p. 78.degree.-80.degree. C. after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether containing a little ether at 0.degree. C. The parasubstituted isomer was then obtained with dichloromethane solvent and had m.p. 86.degree.-9.degree. C. after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether containing a little ether.

The diethyl 2-ethoxycarbonly-5-methyl-hex-4-ene-2-phosphonate used in this reaction was prepared by the following procedure. 4.8 Parts of sodium metal were dissolved in 200 parts of absolute ethanol and to this solution was added 50 parts of diethyl 1-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylphosphonate. To this stirred reaction mixture at room temperature was added 31.3 parts of 2-bromo-2-methyl-but-3-ene dropwise over 1 hour. On completion of the addition stirring was continued for 1 hour at room temperature and then for 2 hours at 60.degree. C. After cooling, the reaction mixture was filtered free of sodium bromide and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to remove ethanol. The residual oil was taken up in ether, and the ether solution washed with water and evaporated. Fractional distillation of the residue gave diethyl 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-pent-3-ene-1-phosphonate b.sub.0.3 126.degree.-34.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

24.4 Parts of 2,6-xylenol, 98 parts of 98% sulphuric acid, 18 parts of water, and 17.8 parts of dimethyl prenyl phosphonate were stirred at room temperature for 4 days, and then poured into 1000 parts of water. The oil which separated was extracted with ether and the ether solution washed successively with water, potassium bicarbonate solution, and water. After evaporation of the ether, distillation of the residual oil gave dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane phosphonate b.sub.0.4 200.degree.-5.degree. C., which after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether containing ether gave crystals m.p. 89.degree.-91.degree. . with the following percentage composition by weight.

(a) Similarly prepared according to the procedure of Example 25 and using 35.6 parts of 2,6-diisopropylphenol in place of the 2,6-xylenol was dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane phosphonate with b.sub.0.3 180.degree.-204.degree. C., m.p. 81.degree.-3.degree. C., and percentage composition by weight of

(b) Dimethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)-3-methylbutane phosphonate from Example 26a was hydrolised by the procedure of Example 23b to give 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-isopropylphenyl)-3-methyl-butane phosphonic acid m.p. 179.degree.-82.degree. C. after crystallisation from carbon tetrachloride containing a little 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether.

12.8 Parts of 2,6-dichlorophenol, 14.2 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, 130 parts of 98% sulphuric acid, and 24 parts of methanol were stirred and heated on a steam-bath for 24 hours and the reaction mixture then worked up as in Example 25. Distillation gave methyl 5-(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.5 140.degree.-60.degree. C. and m.p. 101.degree.-3.degree. C., with the following percentage composition by weight.

Examples 28 to 43 in the following table still further exemplify the process by which phenols are functionally alkylated. Found & required % composition Phenol Alkylating Agent Catalyst Reaction Reaction bp pres- m.p. Molecular Phos- EXAMPLE (parts) (parts) (parts) Temp. .degree.C. Time Hrs. Products sure .degree.C./mb .degree.C. Formula Carbon Hydrogen phorus 28 ##STR79## ##STR80## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 120 26 ##STR81## 119-21 C.sub.14 H.sub.23 O.sub.4 P 58.9658.94 8.078.07 10.7210.52 29 ##STR82## ##STR83## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 18 ##STR84## 200/0.13short-pathdistn. C.sub.20 H.sub.35 O.sub.4 P 64.8364.86 9.639.46 8.198.37 30 ##STR85## ##STR86## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110-20 24 ##STR87## 178-80/0.065 C.sub.16 H.sub.26 O.sub.2 76.6076.75 10.6810.47 31 ##STR88## ##STR89## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 125 18 ##STR90## 175-82/0.3 C.sub.17 H.sub.28 O.sub.2 77.2278.24 10.6710.41 32 ##STR91## ##STR92## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 24 ##STR93## 175-90/0.3 C.sub.18 H.sub.28 O.sub.3 74.0073.93 9.909.65 33 ##STR94## ##STR95## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(2.5) 110 6 ##STR96## 166-70/0.13 C.sub.16 H.sub.25 BrO 61.2961.34 8.007.98 Found & required Phenol Alkylating Agent Catalyst Reaction Reaction bp/pres- m.p. Molecular % composition EXAMPLE (parts) (parts) (parts) Temp. .degree.C. T ime Hrs. Products sure .degree.C./mb .degree.C. Formula Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen 34a ##STR97## ##STR98## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(2.5) 110-20 4 ##STR99## C.sub.16 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3 68.5968.79 9.029.02 5.015.01 ##STR100## 186-200/0.07 C.sub.16 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3 68.8168.79 9.289.02 4.935.01

The 3,7-dimethyl-1-nitro-oct-6-ene used to alkylate phenol in Example 34a was prepared:-

To a stirred solution of 13.3 parts of anhydrous phloroglucinol, 13.3 parts of urea and 12.0 parts of sodium nitrite in 200 parts of dimethylformamide was added 21.9 parts of citronellyl bromide dropwise keeping the temperature below 25.degree. C. On completion of the addition stirring was continued a further 48 hours before pouring the reaction mixture into water. The organic phase which separated was ether extracted, and the extract washed with water and evaporated. Fractional distillation of the residue gave 4.8 parts of the citronellol b.sub.16 up to 110.degree. C. followed by 8.2 parts of 3,7-dimethyl-1-nitro-oct-6-ene b.sub.16 130.degree.-2.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight. Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Found 64.47 10.57 7.32 Calculated for C.sub.10 H.sub.19 NO.sub.2 64.83 10.30 7.56 Found & required % composition Phenol Alkylating Agent Catalyst Reaction Reaction bp pres- m.p. Molecular Phos- EXAMPLE (parts) (parts) (parts) Temp. .degree.C. Time Hrs. Products sure .degree.C./mb .degree.C. Formula Carbon Hydrogen phorus 35 ##STR101## ##STR102## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 2 ##STR103## 154-60/0.65 C.sub.13 H.sub.18 O.sub.3 71.3370.24 8.248.16 36 ##STR104## ##STR105## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 18 ##STR106## 150/0.3short-path distn C.sub.14 H.sub.20 O.sub.2 76.7076.33 9.089.15 37 ##STR107## ##STR108## Al(OPh).sub.3 from Al(1.0) 125 40 ##STR109## C.sub.14 H.sub.20 O.sub.2 76.2576.33 9.039.15 38 ##STR110## ##STR111## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 3 ##STR112## 188-94/0.8 129-31 C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.2 77.8277.55 8.848.68 ##STR113## 126-8 C.sub.15 H.sub.20 O.sub.2 76.9577.55 8.758.68 39 ##STR114## ##STR115## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 150 20 ##STR116## 218/13 90-2 C.sub.13 H.sub.17 NO 77.0876.81 8.568.43 6.656.89 ##STR117## C.sub.13 H.sub.17 NO 77.0776.81 8.508.43 6.886.89 40 ##STR118## ##STR119## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 165 48 ##STR120## 252-8/13 C.sub.14 H.sub.17 NO 78.4878.10 8.187.96 6.086.51 41 ##STR121## ##STR122## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 20 ##STR123## 200/0.13Short-path distn C.sub.16 H.sub.21 NO.sub.3 70.0769.79 8.247.69 4.685.09 42 ##STR124## ##STR125## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 20 ##STR126## 198/16 96-8 C.sub.14 H.sub.23 NO 76.0075.97 10.2210.47 6.386.33 ##STR127## 119-22 C.sub.14 H.sub.23 NO 76.2775.97 10.72 10.47 6.286.33 43 ##STR128## ##STR129## Fulmont 237 .RTM.(5.0) 110 8 ##STR130## 217-25/0.07 105-7 C.sub.16 H.sub.25 NO.sub.2 73.0772.97 9.459.57 5.305.32

Into 35.0 parts of methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 9, 2.0 parts of 98% sulphuric acid, and 200 parts of toluene, was passed isobutylene for 2 hours at 75.degree. C. After washing the toluene solution with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and then water, the toluene was stripped off and the residue distilled to give methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.3 168.degree.-72.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

Following the same procedure described in Example 44 and using methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-iso-propyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 16 in place of methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate, methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.3 152.degree.-4.degree. C. was obtained with the following percentage by weight.

50 Parts of methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate, 30 parts of isobutylene, 2.0 parts of p-toluene sulphonic acid, and 160 parts of cyclohexane were sealed into an autoclave and stirred at 100.degree. C. for 24 hours. After washing the discharged reaction mixture with 10% sodium hydroxide, followed by water, the residual oil obtained after evaporation was chromatographed on a column prepared from 500 parts silica and 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether as solvent. Elution with petroleum-ether containing 5% ether yielded pure methyl 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.13 142.degree.-50.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

the above ester after alkaline hydrolyis gave after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid m.p. 99.degree.-101.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

Methyl 5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate prepared with methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 1a and isobutylene by the method of Example 44 had after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether m.p. 71.degree.-2.degree. C. and the following percentage composition by weight.

Methyl 5-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.7 152.degree.-8.degree. C. was prepared and purified by the method described in Example 46 starting with methyl 5-(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 17 and isobutylene.

Into a solution of 20 parts cis and trans 4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane from Example 2, 2.0 parts of 98% sulphuric acid, and 50 parts of benzene at 70.degree. C. was passed isobutylene gas for 3 hours. At the end of this period the cooled solution was diluted with ether washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and evaporated. The residual oil was then diluted with 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether and gave as a first crop of crystals cis-[4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cycloh exane m.p. 152.degree.-5.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

The mother liquors from the above crystallisation yielded a second crop of crystals m.p. 92.degree.-5.degree. C. which after crystallisation from methanol gave pure trans-[4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)]-1-methyl-cycl ohexane m.p. 95.degree.-7.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

27.0 Parts of trans-[4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl]-1-methyl-cycl ohexane, 4.4 parts of hexane-1,6-diol, and 0.3 parts of lithamide were stirred at 80.degree. C. and 13 mb pressure for 24 hours. After the addition of 2.0 parts of glacial acetic acid, the reaction mixture was diluted with ether washed with water and evaporated. The residual solid after crystallisation from methanol gave bis-[4-methyl-trans-(4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane-1-carb oxylic acid)] ester of hexane-1,6-diol m.p. 120.degree.-2.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

Examples 51 to 53 in the following table further exemplify esters similarly prepared according to the procedure of Example 50. Found & required Alcohol Catalyst Reaction Reaction bp/pressure Molecular % composition EXAMPLE Phenol (parts) (parts) (parts) Temp. .degree.C. Time Hrs. Product .degree.C./mb Formula Carbon Hydrogen 51 ##STR131## HO(CH.sub.2).sub.6 OH(1.9) LiNH.sub.2(0.1) 150 7 ##STR132## 250/0.13Short-path distn. C.sub.42 H.sub.66 O.sub.6 75.5875.63 10.239.97 52 ##STR133## HO(CH.sub.2).sub.6 OH(2.1) LiNH.sub.2(0.1) 150 7 ##STR134## 250/0.7Short-path distn. C.sub.46 H.sub.74 O.sub.6 75.2375.40 10.2610.26 53 ##STR135## HO(CH.sub.2).sub.6 OH(2.7) LiNH.sub.2(0.1) 150 8 ##STR136## 300-15/0.7 C.sub.48 H.sub.78 O.sub.6 76.9876.75 10.2410.47

2.0 Parts of 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid and 2.0 parts thionyl chloride in 25 parts of toluene were stored for 2 hours at room temperature. The toluene and other volatiles were then stripped off at room temperature and .sup.16 mb pressure. To the residue was then added 10 parts of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butylamine and this mixture heated for 3 hours on a steam-bath. After diluting the reaction mixture with ether, the ether solution was washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid, water, dilute sodium hydroxide, and water. Evaporation of the ether and crystallisation from 60.degree.-80.degree. C. petroleum-ether gave 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylamine m.p. 110.degree.-2.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

9.0 Parts of 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid from Example 46 and 30.0 parts of n-dodecylamine were stirred at 175.degree. C. for 24 hours. After distilling off the excess dodecylamine there was obtained 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of n-dodecylamine b.sub.0.3 246.degree. C. and m.p. 43.degree.-5.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

14.6 Parts of 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid from Example 46 and 2.9 parts of hexamethylene diamine were heated at 150.degree. C. for 24 hours. The solid obtained on cooling was crystallised from toluene and gave bis-5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide of 1,6-diaminohexane m.p. 139.degree.-42.degree. C. with the following percentage composition by weight.

5.0 Parts of 5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid from Example 46 and 20 parts of aniline were refluxed for 20 hours and then poured into an excess of hydrochloric acid. The oil which separated was extracted with ether and then washed successively with 2N hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate solution and water. Evaporation of the ether gave a brown solid which was then passed through a column prepared from 100 parts of silica and 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum-ether as solvent. Elution with the above solvent containing 10% of ether gave N-phenyl 5-methyl-5-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-hexamide m.p. 122.degree.-4.degree. C. after crystallisation from 40.degree.-60.degree. C. petroleum ether containing a little ether.

30.4 Parts of methyl salicylate, 28.4 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, 130 parts of 98% sulphuric acid, and 24 parts of methanol were stirred at room temperature for 4 days. The reaction mixture was worked up as described in Example 25 and gave on distillation methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzoate b.sub.0.3 150.degree.-2.degree. C.

and methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-bis-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)benzoate b.sub.0.1 220.degree. C.

Alkaline hydrolysis of the above esters gave 5-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid m.p. 136.degree.-8.degree. C. and 3,5-bis-(5-carboxy-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid m.p. 161.degree.-3.degree. C. In a similar manner to Example 58 there can be obtained, Methyl 5-(6-amino-2-methyl-hept-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzoate (not distilled as polymerisation occurs on heating).

5-(6-Amino-2-methyl-hept-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid m.p. 182.degree.-5.degree. C.

Methyl 2-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-4-dimethylphosphono-but-2-yl)-benzoate b.sub.0.1 175.degree. C.

2-Hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-4-phosphono-but-2-yl)-benzoic acid m.p. 125.degree.-35.degree. C.

Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)benzoate m.p. 80.degree.-2.degree. C.

To a stirred solution of 19.0 parts water, 0.5 parts 98% sulphuric acid, and 0.2 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate was added 25.0 parts of methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate from Example 9 and 1.0 parts of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. petroleum ether. The temperature of this stirred mixture was raised to 80.degree. C. and then 4.4 parts of 40% formaldehyde solution added dropwise over 1 hour. On completing the addition the temperature was maintained at 80.degree. C. for a further 2 hours before 100 parts of water were added. The organic phase was ether extracted, and the extract washed with sodium bicarbonate solution, water, and evaporated. Short-path distillation of the residue gave 11.0 parts of methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate b.sub.0.7 150.degree. (oven temperature) followed by bis-[2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-m ethane b.sub.0.7 250.degree. (oven temperature).

In the manner described in Example 59 there was prepared from methyl 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate of Example 10, bis-2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-5-methyl-phenyl-met hane b.sub.0.07 284.degree. C.

12.2 Parts of 2,6-dimethylphenol, 5.3 parts of citronellyl n-butyl ether, and 1.0 parts of 70% perchloric acid in 30 parts of methylene chloride were stored at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture after pouring into water was extracted with ether, and the ether solution washed with sodium bicarbonate solution, then water and evaporated. Distillation of the residual oil gave 1-n-butyloxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-octane as a fraction with b.sub.0.8, 168.degree.-76.degree. C.

10.3 Parts of 4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol, 4.2 parts of citronellyl n-butyl ether, and 0.5 parts of 70% perchloric acid in 25 parts of methylene chloride were stored at room temperature for 4 days. The work-up followed Example 61 and gave on distillation 2-(8-n-butyloxy-2,6-dimethyl-oct-2-yl)-4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent- 2-yl)-phenol with b.sub.0.8, 228.degree.-36.degree. C.

2.3 Parts of 4-n-decylphenol, 1.4 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate, 0.25 of 70% perchloric acid, and 10 parts of methylene chloride were stored for 12 days at room temperature. The work up followed Example 61 and gave on distillation, methyl 5-(5-n-decyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate, b.sub.0.8, 160.degree.-7.degree. C.

5.0 Parts of 2-methyl-4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-phenol, 2.4 parts of .alpha.-methylstyrene, and 0.5 parts of 70% perchloric acid in 25 parts of methylene chloride were reacted and worked up as described in Example 61. Distillation gave methyl 5-(3-cumyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)5-methyl-hexanoate, b.sub.0.7 210.degree.-4.degree. C. as an oil with the following percentage composition by weight.

27.2 Parts of 2-hydroxyacetophenone and 14.2 parts of methyl 5-methyl-hex-5-enoate were added at room temperature to a solution prepared from 32 parts methanol and 100 parts of sulphuric acid. After stirring for 3 days at room temperature the reaction mixture was poured into water and the organic phase extracted with ether. The ether extract, after washes with sodium bicarbonate solution and water, was evaporated. The residual was distilled and yielded a mixture of 2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-acetophenone and 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-acetophenone.

Example 65 was repeated except that 19.8 parts of 2-hydroxybenzophenone were used in place of the 2-hydroxyacetophenone and the period was 5 days. Distillation gave a fraction b.sub.0.7, 198.degree.-204.degree. C. which was a mixture of 2-hydroxy-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-pent-2-yl)-benzophenone.

Methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate obtained as described in Example 9 was transesterified with allyl alcohol using p-toluene sulphonic acid catalyst and gave allyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate, b.sub.0.7, 182.degree.-8.degree. C.

The procedure of Example 67 was used to prepare cyclohexyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate, b.sub.0.9, 200.degree.-4.degree. C. from cyclohexanol and methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate.

To a stirred suspension of 2.0 parts lithium aluminium hydride in 100 parts of dry tetrahydrofuran was added 5.3 parts of 2-acetamido-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane in 50 parts of dry tetrahydrofuran. After completion of the addition the reaction mixture was stirred a further 20 hours at room temperature before ethyl acetate was added to destroy excess lithium aluminium hydride. The reaction mixture was then poured into water and filtered free of solids. The aqueous phase and solids were extracted with ether and the ether solution washed with water and evaporated. The residual oil gave 2-N-ethylamino-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-heptane as a colourless oil following a short-path rotary distillation at 0.7 mb with an oven temperature of 190.degree. C.

To 10.0 parts of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid suspended in 75 parts of toluene was added 10.0 parts thionyl chloride. This mixture was warmed gently to 50.degree. C. until all the suspended acid had passed into solution, and then set aside overnight at room temperature. The toluene and other volatiles were then removed at room temperature under reduced pressure, and the residue treated with 75 parts of 0.88 (g/cm.sup.3) aqueous ammonia. The organic phase was extracted with ether, and the ether solution washed with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by water and evaporated. The residue was taken up in dilute sodium hydroxide, and this solution after treatment with solid carbon dioxide yielded 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide with m.p. 137.degree.-9.degree. C. after crystallisation from methanol containing a little ether.

5.0 Parts of methyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoate and 50 parts of n-butylamine were sealed into a glass tube and heated at 200.degree. C. for 24 hours. After cooling the reaction it was stripped of excess butylamine under reduced pressure and the residual oil gave after a short-path rotary distillation at 0.7 mb N-n-butyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide.

Example 71 was repeated using 50 parts of diethylamine in place of the n-butylamine and the heating period was 48 hours. From this reaction there was obtained N,N-diethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid amide with the following percentage composition by weight.

Corrosion inhibitor activity for an active compound of formula I was demonstrated in the following way by the Aerated Solution Bottle Test and using a standard corrosive water made up as follows:

20 g. CaSO.sub.4 2H.sub.2 O

15 g. MgSO.sub.4 7H.sub.2 O

4.6 g. NaHCO.sub.3

7.7 g. CaCl.sub.2 6H.sub.2 O

45 gallons Distilled water

Mild steel coupons, 5 cms..times.2.5 cms. are scrubbed with pumice, immersed for one minute in hydrochloric acid and then rinsed, dried and weighed.

0.1 g. of the compound of formula I is dissolved in 100 ml of standard corrosive water to give a concentration of 100 ppm. A steel coupon is suspended in the solution, and the whole is stored in a bottle in a thermostat at 40.degree. C. During the storage period, air is passed into the solution at 500 ml/minute, the passage of the air being screened from the steel coupon; any water losses by evaporation are replaced as they occur with distilled water from a constant head apparatus. After 48 hours, the steel coupon is removed, scrubbed with pumice, immersed for one minute in hydrochloric acid inhibited with 1% by weight of hexamine and then rinsed, dried and reweighed. A certain loss in weight will have occurred. A blank test i.e. immersion of a mild steel specimen in the test water in the absence of any potential corrosion inhibitor, is carried out with each series of test. The corrosion rates are calculated in milligrams of weight loss/sq. decimeter/day (m.d.d.) but for convenience the results are shown as percentage protection, which is defined as follows: % Protection= ##EQU1##

The results obtained are set out in Table 1.

The results in Table I show the effective mild corrosion inhibitory properties of the compound of formula I.

The corrosion resistance of an aqueous cutting fluid composition of the invention was assessed by the following procedures, which is a modification of the Institute of Petroleum Test 287. A 1% aqueous solution of the corrosion inhibitor under test is prepared containing sufficient triethanolamine (TEA) to bring its pH value to 9.

This solution is further diluted by factors of 2, 4, 8 and 16 and each of these solutions contacted with cast iron chips according to the method set forth in the IP 287 Test Procedure. The test is carried out using de-ionised water.

The visual assessment of the condition of the metal chips after exposure is in accordance with the following guidelines.

The results obtained are set out in Table 2 and clearly show the effectivity of the compounds of formula 1.

The thermal antioxidant activity for an active compound of formula 1 in lubricating oil was assessed according to the Institute of Petroleum Test 229. The test oil, water, and copper catalyst coil, contained in a covered glass container, are placed in a bomb equipped with a pressure gauge. The bomb is charged with oxygen to a pressure of 90 psi, placed in a constant temperature oil-bath set at 150.degree. C., and rotated axially at 100 rpm at an angle of 30.degree. from the horizontal. The initial time in minutes for the test oil to react with a given volume of oxygen is measured, completion of time being indicated by a specific drop in pressure.

The results set out in Table 3 demonstrate how a compound of formula 1 can inhibit the oxidation of Rotary Vacuum Oil (RVO) and reduce the formation of acidic by-products when compared with RVO without such an additive.