Self Adjustable Escalator Handrail Drive

This invention relates to a handrail drive mechanism for an escalator or other similar passenger conveyor, and more particularly to a handrail drive mechanism which automatically increases the driving force in response to resistance of movement of the handrail.

Passenger conveyors such as escalators or horizontal moving walkways will typically include handrails which move along hand rail guides in synchronism with the tread portion of the passenger conveyor. The drive for the handrail can include driving rollers which engage the handrail, moving racks which engage the underside of the handrail, or rotating sprockets which engage the underside of the handrail.

When driving rollers are used, they may be directly opposed to form a mangle-type nip through which the handrail moves, or they may be rectilinearly offset along the path of movement of the handrail. Driving rollers can include combinations of driven rollers and idler rollers which cooperate to move the handrail. Devices have been described in the prior art which will vary the driving force imposed upon the handrail by the driving rollers. This provision is especially desirable when the driving rollers are smooth and rely on friction to provide the driving force necessary to move the handrail. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,414,109 Clark, granted Dec. 3, 1968; 3,666,075 Iwata, granted May 30, 1972; 4,134,883 Mendelsohn et al, granted Jan. 16, 1979; 4,151,905 Takahashi et al, granted May 1, 1979; and 4,200,177 Sato et al, granted Apr. 29, 1980 are typical prior art disclosures of passenger conveyor handrail devices.

The handrail drive mechanism of this invention is a mangle-type mechanism wherein the handrail passes through the nip of one or more opposed pairs of driving rollers. The driving force imparted to the handrail depends on the forces generated by the squeezing of the handrail by the rollers, and on frictional forces between the rollers and the handrail. The driving rollers are keyed to rotatable shafts to which chain sprockets are also keyed. An endless chain is mounted on the chain sprockets and can be driven in either direction by a powered sprocket. The power source is a reversible electric motor, typically the same motor that drives the treads on the passenger mover. The drive mechanism is mounted in a housing in opposed walls of which are journaled pairs of mount bearings. The ends of each driving roller and sprocket shaft are rotatably carried by a cooperating pair of the end bearings. The end bearings and the roller and sprocket shaft are eccentric, with the rotational axis of the shaft-being further away from the roller nip, and thus the handrail, than the rotational axis of the mount bearings. When the drive mechanism is idle, i.e., is not being driven, the drive chain is slightly slack, and the roller and sprocket shaft axes will remain further away from the nip, and, in each pair of cooperating driving rollers, further away from each other. Thus in the idle condition, very little or no squeezing or compression of the handrail will occur. This is a desirable condition since it enhances the useful life of the handrail.

When the drive mechanism is energized, the chain tightens as it is driven around the driving sprockets by the powered sprocket or sprockets. Rotation of the driving sprockets by the chain causes concurrent rotation of the driving rollers. Rotation of the driving roller and sprocket shafts in the eccentric bearings causes the eccentric bearings to rotate in the housing walls. This bearing rotation is slight but it brings the axes of each pair of opposed driving rollers closer to each other, and closer to the handrail. Consequently, the driving rollers are moved closer to each other whereby nip pressure on the handrail increases. So long as the handrail moves easily over its guiderail, the nip pressure generated by the opposed driving rollers will remain relatively constant. There will be just enough nip pressure to keep the handrail moving along over the handrail guide. If friction between the handrail and handrail guide increases, then the eccentric bearings will rotate further causing an increase in the nip pressure until a new state of equilibrium is reached. The reverse is true if the handrail-handrail guide guide friction decreases, such as when the passenger load in the mover decreases. Thus the nip pressure on the handrail constantly adjusts itself so that it remains at an equilibrium point which provides only enough driving force to overcome the frictional resistance to movement of the handrail over the handrail guide.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved passenger conveyer handrail drive which drives the handrails in synchronism with the passenger treads.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a handrail drive of the character described which drives the handrail through the nips of pairs of opposed driving rollers.

It is an additional object of this invention to provide a handrail drive of the character described wherein the nip pressure created by the opposed driving rollers on the handrail constantly adjusts itself responsive to changes in motion retarding frictional forces generated between the handrail and the handrail guide.

It is another object of this invention to provide a handrail drive of the character described wherein there is substantially no nip pressure generated on the handrail when the handrail drive is in an idle condition, such as when the passenger conveyor is not moving.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the mechanism showing the eccentricity of the roller and sprocket shafts, and the shaft mount bearings; and

FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic elevational view of the mechanism showing how the nip pressure is adjusted when the mechanism is driving the handrail.

Referring now to FIG. 1, the housing for the drive mechanism is denoted by the numeral 2, and includes opposed side walls 4 and 6. Driving rollers 8 and 10 are mounted on shafts 12 and 14, respectively, and are keyed to the shafts by keys 16 (only one of which is shown). The rollers 8 and 10 combine to form a nip through which the handrail 18 passes. Chain sprockets 20 and 22 are secured by keys 24 (only one of which is shown) to the shafts 12 and 14, respectively. The rollers 8, 10, respective shafts 12 and 14, and respective sprockets 20 and 22 thus rotate in concert. Bearings 26 and 28 are mounted in the housing walls 4 and 6, as are bearings 30 and 32. Shaft bearings 34, 36, 38 and 40 are mounted on the shafts 12 and 14, respectively. Bushing 42 interconnects bearings 26 and 34, and similarly bushings 44, 46 and 48 interconnect bearings 28 and 36; 30 and 38; and 32 and 40, respectively. As a result, the shafts 12 and 14 rotate in the bushings 42, 44, 46 and 48, respectively. Additionally, bushings 42, 44, 46 and 48 can rotate within the housing walls 4 and 6 by virtue of the bearings 26, 28, 30 and 32, respectively.

In FIG. 1, the mechanism is shown as it appears at rest, i.e., when the sprockets 20 and 22 are not moving and when the handrail 18 is not moving. The axis of the shaft 12 designated by the numeral 13, and the axis of the shaft 14 is designated by the numeral 15. The axes of the bearings 26, 28 and the bushings 42, 44 are designated by the numeral 27 while the axes of the bearings 30, 32 and the bushings 46, 48 are designated by the numeral 31. It will be noted that the axes 13 and 27 are offset, as are the axes 15 and 31, and that the axes 27 and 31 are closer together, and closer to the handrail 18 and nip than are the axes 13 and 15. The device is designed to provide only a very light compression of the handrail 18 by the rollers 8 and 10 when at rest as is shown in FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that the axes 13 and 15 are as far apart as they can be as shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 2, it will be noted that the drive chain 50 is threaded about the sprockets 20 and 22, and also about power sprockets 21. The latter are driven by a power source, such as an electric motor (not shown). It will be noted that the chain 50 has some slack when the mechanism is at rest thus allowing the axes 13, 15, 27 and 31 to assume the positions shown in FIG. 1. When the mechanism is started up to drive the handrail 18 in the direction of the arrow A.sub.2, the chain 50 will be driven in the direction A.sub.1, by the power sprockets 21 thereby rotating the rollers 8 in the clockwise direction, and rotating the rollers 10 in the counterclockwise direction. The position of the rollers 8, 10, sprockets 20, 22 and chain during driving of the handrail 18 are shown in phantom in FIG. 2. When the shafts 12 and 14 are rotated in this fashion, the bushings 42, 44, 46 and 48 will rotate in the bearings 26, 28, 30, and 32, respectively. This rotation causes the axes 13 and 15 to shift to the positions 13' and 15', shown in FIG. 2. In this manner, the centers of the rollers 8 and 10 are shifted, and thus the circumferences thereof are also shifted to the positions 8' and 10'. In the latter positions, the nip is tightened whereby nip pressure on the handrail 18 is increased. The drive rollers can be arranged in sets of pairs driven by a common chain, as shown in FIG. 2, or the roller pairs can be spaced further apart along the path of travel of the handrail. It will be readily apparent that the drive rollers will tighten onto the handrail no matter which direction the handrail is being moved.

Since many changes and variations of the disclosed embodiment of the invention may be made without departing from the inventive concept it is not intended to limit the invention otherwise than as required by the appended claims.