US 4,864,410 AGrant
Apparatus and Method of Making Photographs From a Video Image
Issue Date:1989-09-05
•41 Claims
•8 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An apparatus for making photographs from a video image including a video system for creating the video image and for displaying the video image to the subject, a photographic system for producing a photograph from the video image, and a computer for transferring the video image from the video system to the photographic system. The computer system digitizes the video image signal from the video system, stores it in a digitized format and converts it to an analog signal for display by the video system and for producing photographs by the photographic system. And a method of producing photographs from a video image using the above apparatus.
Metadata
Assignee
- Bally Manufacturing Corporation
Inventors
- Linda Andrews
- Michael Brewer
- Arthur Vassiladis
Application Information
Application Number:US 8924988
Filing Date:1986-08-01
Priority Date:1986-08-01
Art Unit:262
Classifications
IPC:
H04N 1387H04N 5262H04N 718
Field of Search:
358256;296;302;183;22;93;97;909
Patent Drawings (8 sheets)
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to entertainment devices in the field of video equipment and more particularly to entertainment devices which employ a combination of video equipment and computers to create photographs.
PRIOR ART
Since the early days of modern photography, there have been photographic facilities in public places. Most especially such facilities became popular in places where people were relaxing or on holiday. In the early days, individual photographers set up their equipment in amusement centers, or other places where people were assembled, to create momentos of the occasion. In many parts of the world, a remnant of this phenomenon continues with the paparazzo or surprise sidewalk photographer. The paparazzo takes photographs of vacationers and offers his work to his patrons. The patrons may purchase the work or the paparazzo can sell the photographs to others, such as the news media.
In order to take advantage of the public's continuing interest in such photographs, automated photographic booths have been developed. Such booths produce small memento photographs. Photo-booths are popular at amusement parks, carnivals and the like. However, despite technological advances, the photo-booth has not changed for approximately two generations.
Although photo-booths, which create instant color photographs, were attempted, in these photo-booths have largely passed from existence because the cost is too high.
The current standard photo-booths, where one can enter and take photographs of oneself, typically, create four, very small photographs of four different user poses. The film is developed using standard wet chemistry. It takes at least 21/2 minutes to give the photographs to the user after all the posing is completed.
In the past there have been attempts at using a video image to create a photograph by use of a computer. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,467,349 to Maloomian is an apparatus which allows a prospective customer of articles of clothing to "try on" an article of clothing by use of a video tape recorder in conjunction with a computer. The user does not actually "try on" the clothing, rather secondary images from the computer memory are overlayed over the user's own primary image. A full figure electronic image of the user is produced by a camera. The image is sent through the computer and then displayed on a video screen. "Articles of clothing" are then presented to the user by use of the computer's permanent memory. The user then "trys on" the clothing electronically. The "trying on" of clothing is accomplished by overlaying secondary images on the video image in storage. The secondary image is distorted to suit the user. A huge amount of memory is required to provide the "clothing" from the storage and it will be noted that Maloomian does not work in real time.
Others have also tried using a video image in the fashion industry. For example, in Masuda, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,297,724, an apparatus is described for styling hair. A face shape is separated from a hair pattern and substitute hair patterns are formed to fit on the first face shape.
Others such as Menger et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,834, have used a video camera and monitor and a video recorder to produce photographic stills from the video signal created by the video camera. And, of course, there are many camera mechanisms which produce and develop pictures from images. For example, S. J. Pask, U.S. Pat. No. 1,951,038 and Dart et al, U.S. Pat. No. 2,473,280 are examples of same.
However, there are no known devices which produce and dispense photographs and which can produce rapidly either as regular photographs or as humorous (distorted) images of the user[s face. Indeed known devices for video applications are intended for the purpose of obtaining self portraits, either regular or humorous.
Thus, there remained a need for providing a photograph from a video image, inexpensively. There further remained a need for an apparatus which could manipulate the video image to give a humorous effect to the user. The apparatus must involve the user while the photographic process is taking place by giving feedback to the user. The apparatus must, of course, attract the user initially.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a main object of this invention to provide an entertainment apparatus which creates photographs from a video image through the use of a computer.
It is a general object if this invention to provide an apparatus which is capable of making both normal and distorted photographs from a video imagte in a relatively inexpensive manner.
It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus as set forth above which operates in real time and involves the user with the process of making a photograph from a video image, and allows the user to view the pose before creating the photograph of same.
It is a further object of this invention to provide the above apparatus which enables the user to have instantaneous feedback to facilitate the user in striking a desirable pose.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an apparatus which inexpensively produces humorous photographs by use of a video camera, a computer and a photographic system.
In order to produce photographs from a video image in accordance with the above objects, the following apparatus has been developed, comprising:
video means for creating a video image signal of a user;
computer means for receiving the video image signal from the video means, digitizing the video image signal, storing the digitized video image, converting the digital video image signal to an analog signal, and sending the analog signal; and
photographic means for receiving the analog signal from the computer means and creating a photograph from the analog signal.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes menas for manipulating the stored image to produce a distorted photograph. One particular method employed by a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprises mirroring one half of the video image on the other half of the video image to create a symmetrical image and photograph.
In another preferred embodiment the manipulating means includes an ALU (arithmetic logic unit) which subtracts a preselected quantity from each horizontal address value to yield a further distorted photograph. A preferred method of manipulating the image to produce the further distorted photograph includes using the ALU to subtract a known quantity q from the horizontal address line during each horizontal scan.
In still another preferred embodiment, the apparatus is housed in a booth having an open section for seating of the user and a closed section for housing the apparatus. The apparatus may include power supply means in the closed section.
In still another preferred embodiment, the apparatus is capable of taking a series of photographs. In a preferred embodiment, the method making a photograph in accordance with this invention includes the step of pausing between photographs so the user can readjust his pose. The user can observe his position, in real time, through a monitor provided by the video means prior to a photograph being taken. Between photographs, the user may readjust his pose as desired.
The apparatus and method in accordance with this invention enables the user to select between a normal mode for producing normal photographs and a humorous mode for producing photographs which have been distorted.
Using the apparatus and method of this invention, the user has the further advantage of positioning himself and observing that position prior to receiving any photographs.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood with respect to the detailed description of the invention and with reference to the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a free standing booth containing the apparatus for making a photograph from a video image in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view in partial section, showing the general operations of the booth and apparatus in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 3 is a system block diagram of the apparatus in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the frame buffer of the apparatus in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the video control of the apparatus in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the manipulation process in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic of the video controller in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 8 is an electrical schematic of the frame buffer of the apparatus in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 9 illustrates a sample output photograph using this invention in the distorted mode.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views and referring particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown the invention, a free standing booth for making photographs from a video image, generally designated by the numeral 10. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 the booth is of sufficient size to house a user who is the subject of the photographs. Additionally, the booth 10 is of sufficient size to store the apparatus for making photographs from the video image. The booth is self-enclosed and includes an open portion 12 and a closed portion 14. The open portion includes a seat 16 and a seating cushion 18. The seating cushion acts to align the user properly with a video system 20.
The closed portion 14 of the booth 10 includes a window 22. The window 22 is mounted on a wall 24 and faces the use. A sheet 26 of clear acrylic is mounted at a 45.degree. angle behind the window 22 such that when the user looks through the window 22 he sees the sheet 26. A CRT is mounted in the closed portion 14 above the sheet 26 and defines a display monitor 28. Light from display monitor 28 is reflected by on the sheet 26. The sheet 26 functions as a beamsplitter allowing the camera to take a "head-on" view of the user and also allowing the user to see himself on the CRT (cathode ray tube). This provides the user with feedback on his posing and allows him to adjust his pose to that which is most desirable.
The sheet 26 has a first side 30 facing the user and a second side 32 away from the user. The second side is painted black with the exception of a small center area 34. A video camera 36 is positioned behind the sheet 26 and in direct alignment with the small clear center area 34.
Thus, the sheet 26 being at approximately 45.degree. angle with the horizontal and being painted black on the side 32 causes it to act as a mirror for providing a video image to the user. The sheet 26 could also be coated with special reflective coating to enhance the mirror effect. For improved performance, the first side 30 reflects 50% of the light and transmits 50% of the light. This has the effect, to the user, of seeing his "reflection" in the mirror. A small area center 34 allows the video camera 36 to view the user and create a video image therefrom. The camera 36 creates a video image and transfers the image to the computer. The computer processes the image and sends it back to the display monitor 28.
In reality, the user sees himself on the display monitor 28, only after it has been processed by a computer system (not shown). Thus, the image on the display monitor 28 is not a direct reflection. Using this method, the video image data is stored in the computer, where it may be manipulated and then returned to the display monitor 28.
The closed portion 14 also includes a coin acceptance device 38 which accepts coins and when a predetermined amount is reached, it sends a signal to the computer system which then activates the apparatus.
The closed portion 14 of the booth 10 also provides a switch 40 which, upon activation of the apparatus, gives the user a choice of creating either normal or distorted photographs.
The apparatus also provides for interaction with the user to keep the user involved during the process and to attract his attention, initially. The closed portion of the booth includes speakers 42 which can both entertain and communicate with the user.
With particular reference to FIG. 2, there is shown the closed portion 14 of the booth 10 having a black and white photographic system 50 for producing black and white photographs. The photographic system 50 includes a second CRT defining an exposure monitor 52, a lens 55 and a photo-paper system 54. The photographic system 50 is in a light tight container. Internal walls 51 and 53 shield photo-sensitive paper from the light internal the booth and from the light produced upon activation of the exposure monitor 52. The paper system 54 includes a roll of photo-sensitive paper 56 held in a paper drive mechanism 58 which feeds the paper 56 through the system 54 upon command by the computer system. The paper system 54 further includes a paper cutter 60 which cuts the paper 56 at the appropriate time upon a signal from the computer system. The photographic system 50 further includes a thermal processor 62 which develops the photographic paper 56. After developing the cut paper 56, the photographs may be removed by the user.
With particular reference to FIG. 3, there is shown a system block diagram for the apparatus in accordance with this invention. The apparatus includes three major systems and two minor systems. The major systems are the video system 20, the computer system 140 (designated by the area within the dotted lines) and the photographic system. The minor systems are the administrative system which includes both the coin acceptance subsystem 142 and the switch subsystem 144. The second minor system is the sound system 145.
The video system 20 includes a display monitor 28 and a video camera 36. The video camera 36 creates a video image of the subject, converts it to an electronic signal and sends it to the computer system 140. The computer system 140 processes the video signal and returns it to the display monitor 28, where the user may view himself in the monitor 28 in real time.
The computer system 140 includes an ADC 141 for converting the analog signal to a digital signal. The digital signal is fed through a video data bus 110 to a frame buffer 120 where it is stored. A video control 80 synchronizes the sending of the digital signal to the frame buffer 120 and addresses the data for storage in the frame buffer 120.
The video data bus 110 is connected directly to a display DAC 146 for display of the subject in real time or "live". This line is enabled by the video control 80 during a time delay between poses. The display DAC 146 converts the digital signal to an analog signal and returns it to the display monitor 28.
The frame buffer 120 stores the video image as a series of signals. Upon signal from the video control 80, the frame buffer 120 sends the stored signals comprising the image to the display DAC 146 and to an exposure DAC 148. As previously stated, the display DAC returns the signal in analog form to the display monitor 28. The exposure DAC 148 converts the digital signal to an analog signal and sends the video image to the photographic system 50 upon an appropriate signal from the video control 80.
The computer system 140 also includes a CPU 150 or central processing unit which comprises an 8 bit microprocessor, a ROM (read only memory) for storing the operating program and a RAM (random access memory) for temporary storage of data during program execution. The CPU 150 also stores a permanent image of a model subject which is used to attract users during an attract mode. Further details of the attract mode are described below.
The computer system 140 also includes a system control which provides the CPU 150 with the means to control the non-video operating systems such as the paper feeding and cutting system, the user interface system including the coin acceptance subsystem 142 and switch subsystem 144 and system timing. The preferred embodiment of this subsection comprises an 8 bit output port, an 8 bit input port, and a digital timer IC, which contains three 16 bit programmable counters.
In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the frame buffer 120 communicates with the CPU 150 through the video control 80. This enables the CPU 150 to evaluate the video image pixels gray scale values to adjust and readjust the booth lighting. Thus, if an image is too light and booth lighting can be turned up based on pre-set values fed into the CPU 150. Thus, the booth can be customized to suit the skin tone of a user as well as the particular location and lighting conditions of the booth.
The photographic system 50 includes an exposure monitor 52, a lens 55 and a photo-paper subsystem 56. The exposure monitor 52 receives the analog signal of the video image from the exposure DAC 148 of the computer system 140. The exposure monitor 52 is a CRT which is aligned with the lens 55 and the photo-sensitive paper 56 for exposing photo-sensitive paper. The exposure DAC 52 inverts the image so that the exposure monitor 52, in fact, creates a negative on the photo-sensitive paper.
The paper-photo subsystem 56 includes photo-sensitive paper, paper drive mechanism 58, paper cutter 60 and a thermal processor 62, as explainer earlier reference to FIG. 2.
A system control 152 signals the paper drive mechanism 58 when to move the paper and additionally signals the paper cutter 60 when to cut the paper. The thermal processor 62 is also controlled by the system control 152.
As set forth above, the photographic system 50 includes the exposure monitor 52, the lens 55 and a photo-paper subsystem 54. The exposure monitor 52 receives the analog signal of the video image from the exposure DAC of the computer. The exposure monitor 52 is a CRT which is aligned with the lens 55 and the photo-sensitive paper 56 and exposes the photo-sensitive paper 56 through the lens 55. The exposure DAC inverts the image so that the exposure monitor 52, in fact, creates a negative image on the photo-sensitive paper 56.
Also, as set forth above, the photo subsystem 54 includes the photo sensitive paper 56, the paper drive mechanism 58, the paper cutter 60 and the thermal processor 62 as explained earlier with reference to FIG. 2. The system control signals the paper drive mechanism 58 when to move the paper and additionally signals the paper cutter 60 when to cut the paper. The thermal processor 62 is also controlled by the system control.
The coin acceptance system 142 includes a means for accepting coins. It will also be appreciated that the acceptance system could be adapted to accept paper money as well. When the coins have reached a predetermined amount, for example, one dollar, the coin acceptance signals the system control 152 to activate the apparatus. The system control 152 through the CPU 150, video control and frame buffer 120 sends a text message through the display DAC 146 which appears on the display monitor 28 giving instructions to the user. When the apparatus is activated and the first picture is ready to be taken, the lighting system 154 is activated to provide the best possible setting for the photograph. The intensity of the lighting system 154, which includes a series of incandescent and fluorescent lights is then adjusted for producing a photograph of maximum clarity.
After the apparatus is activated, a text message will appear on the display monitor 28, asking the user whether he wishes to have normal or distorted photographs. The option switch system 144 includes an option switch which can be toggled to either the normal or distorted mode. Once the user selects the option, the apparatus begins its countdown for taking the first photograph. The countdown appears on the display CRT.
The apparatus further includes a sound system 145 including an audio amplifier 147 and a speaker 149. The sound system 145 is used generally to encourage interaction of the user with the computer. The sound system 145 attracts customers as well as communicating and entertaining the user during processing and development of his photographs.
FIG. 4 illustrates, in greater detail, the operation of the frame buffer. The frame buffer stores the video data from the video camera 36, after the ADC has converted the analog signal to a digital signal. The frame buffer shown in FIG. 4 has 4 input latches, E, F, G, and H, a 64 kilobyte by 32-bit dynamic ram array, four output latches E', F', G', and H' and a ram control IC. The frame buffer stores data sufficient to reproduce an image with 512 pixel resolution and a 256 level gray scale.
The digital video data is broken up into pixels. Each pixel requires 8 bits of memory. Each screen consists of 512 pixels in the horizontal direction and 512 pixels in the vertical direction. Each pixel is coded with a gray scale value of from 0 to 255, thus there are 256 different gray scale values which a pixel can be assigned. In the scale used for the purposes of this invention, pure black represents 0 and pure white represents 255. The pixel is assigned the value of 0 to 255 by a flash converter which is within the ADC. The flash converter reads each pixel and determines the lightness or darkness of the video image and then assigns the value from 0 to 255.
The pixels are presented sequentially to the input latches E, F, G, and H as 8-bit words A, B, C, and D. Thus, 128 horizontal address locations are required (512 divided by 4). The data is read into the frame buffer from the video data bus. The data is clocked into the 4 frame buffer input latches E, F, G and H, sequentially by the video control, such that four 8-bit words (A, B, C and D) are stored in the ram array as one 32 bit data word. This is done because the video data may be written into the ram at one-quarter the speed at which it is digitized. This allows the use of a standard speed, 200 ns. (nano second) access time, dynamic ram device. The clocking of the data into the four input latches E, F, G and H and the ram control signals are synchronized by the video control so that the data is written from the four input latches E, F, G and H to the ram IC before the first of the next four pixel values is presented and latched at the frame buffer. It takes 400 ns. to latch one 32 bit word (100 ns..times.4).
Data is read from the frame buffer to reproduce the video image as follows. Data is read from the dynamic ram IC into the four output latches E', F', G' and H' in parallel. The latches employ "tri-state" outputs, so that their outputs may be tied or hand wired together. The latch outputs E', F', G' and H' are enabled and read into the video data bus one at a time, in sequence, thus re-creating the serial data stream which was originally written into the frame buffer from the vido data bus.
As shown in FIG. 3, the frame buffer is connected to a pair of DAC's comprising the means to convert a digital signal to an analog signal. The video data bus at this time is routed to the display DAC and the exposure DAC. Thereby the image stored in the frame buffer is displayed on the display monitor. The image displayed on the display monitor is labeled A', B', C' and D' of FIG. 4 which is a 32-bit word, which is presented sequentially to the display monitor 28, such that after all the data has been read out the full image is displayed. This takes approximately 331/3 milliseconds.
The apparatus in accordance with this invention includes a regular mode for producing normal photographs and a humorous mode for producing distorted photographs. In the normal mode, when image distortion is not desired, the video data bus may be directly routed to the display DAC so that the stored image may be displayed on the video monitor. This gives the user a live image during the posing period for each processing of each photograph. After the countdown for a pose, the data is written into the frame buffer. The data is subsequently read out sequentially from the frame buffer to the video data bus to provide a "frozen" image on the display CRT. The exposure DAC converts the digital signal to an analog signal and the photographic system 50 makes a photograph from the video image. A series of four photographs are made.
The apparatus in accordance with this invention also includes the ability to make distorted photographs in the humorous mode. The distorted photographs are accomplished by distorting the video image and printing that image. The image distortion is accomplished by manipulating the address signals which access the data in the frame buffer.
As described earlier, the video control addresses the data sent to the frame buffer from the ADC. The address signals are generated by a CRT controller IC within the video control. The address signals are generated by the CRT controller IC such that 128 buffer locations are accessed during each horizontal scan. (Recall there are 128 address locations for each horizontal scan.) Each buffer location contains data for four sequential 8-bit words A, B, C and D, as described earlier with reference to FIG. 4. This is sufficient to reproduce 512 pixels per horizontal scan (128.times.4=512).
The apparatus and process for manipulating the address signal and creating distorted photographs will now be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. The address signals are arranged in a matrix of seven horizontal address lines (128 locations) by nine vertical address lines (512 scans per frame). Only the horizontal address lines are used for image distortion. The vertical address lines are not affected and as shown in FIG. 5 the vertical address lines outputs V.sub.0 -V.sub.8 are sent directly to the ram control.
The first step in the manipulation process is to mirror one half of the video image on the other half of the video image. For purposes of illustration, a frame of video information stored in the frame buffer is analogous to a video "snap-shot". The preferred embodiment calls for the left half of the video image to be mirrored on the right half of the video image. It will, of course, be appreciated that the right half could be mirrored on the left half within the scope of this invention. The left half of the mirror image is mirrored onto the right half by repeating horizontal address signals of the left hand half in inverse order during the right hand half of each horizontal scan line. The actual right hand half of the video image data is not accessed during this mode of operation. The video controller counts the number of horizontal scan addresses and determines when the right half is about to be read. After the "snap shot," a mirror command from the CPU enables an exclusive OR circuit as shown in more detail in FIG. 7 and creates the mirroring effect discussed above.
FIG. 6 shows one horizontal address line having 12 locations of preformed pixels A, B, C and D each. Of course, the embodiment of the invention has 128 address locations. However, the principles of operation are the same regardless of the number of address locations. The 12 address location embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is for illustration purposes only.
The first horizontal scan line labeled normal is the digitized first horizontal scan line as read from the frame buffer in its undistorted format. As the data is read from the frame buffer when the mirror circuit is enabled, what is read out as address location 6 contains what is in address location 5, what is read out as address location 7 contains what is in address location 4 and so on, until what is read out as address location 11 contains what is in address location 0. Thus, if there were 128 locations, when the address location 127 was read, the value of the data in location 0 would be used. Using this method the data on the left hand side of the horizontal scan is repeated on the right hand side in inverse order, until all the data has been read. It will be appreciated that the same algorithm could be followed for a scan line of any length. Thus, horizontal scan line of FIG. 6 mirrored illustrates the application of the above on a horizontal scan line having 12 address locations.
The image is further manipulated by offsetting address location values. The video control includes a horizontal offset latch and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for further manipulating the image. The bottom 3 scan lines of FIG. 6 illustrates offsetting address values. In the scan line labeled MIRRORED & OFFSET 1 address value, the address has been offset by 1. Thus, the data in address location 0 is accessed as though its address value is 1, the data in address location 1 is accessed as though its address value is 2 and so on. When the horizontal scan is on the right hand half the came process is followed except in reverse order.
The horizontal scan lines labeled MIRRORED & OFFSET by 2 and 3 address values of FIG. 6, illustrate further manipulation of the address values and thereby the video image. Variations in the process are, of course, possible within the scope of this invention. As described earlier, the offset process could be done by selecting a random number for each offset or by obtaining the offset number by a known algorithm. FIG. 9 illustrates offsetting the address values by 6 each time.
As can be seen in FIG. 9, the further manipulation process of the preferred embodiment has the effect of extracting the middle most pixels from the image and moving the outermost pixels towards the center. Since the horizontal address values which access the left hand half of the image data are mirrored during the scan of the right hand half of the image, any offset in the address location towards or away from the left side of the scan line is mirrored on the right hand side of the display.
As will be appreciated negative products may result from this procedure. All negative products are clamped to zero by means of a clamping circuit 108 as shown in FIG. 7. Thereby, the first set of pixels (horizontal address=0) is repeated until the first non-zero product is addressed.
FIG. 7 illustrates in detail the video controller. The video controller generally shown by the numeral 80 in FIG. 7 includes a horizontal address counter 82 in the video controller IC for generating the scan lines and particularly for generating the number of horizontal address scan lines. The video controller IC 84 generates 7 horizontal address signals H.sub.0 -H.sub.6 and 9 vertical address signals V.sub.0 -V.sub.8. The vertical address lines are connected directly to the dynamic RAM controller IC 86.
In the humorous mode the image is distorted by mirroring the left hand half of the image on the right hand half of the image. To accomplish this, each of the horizontal address lines H.sub.0 -H.sub.6 are connected to an exclusive OR gate 88-100, respectively. During the left hand half of the horizontal scan, the horizontal values are read without manipulation. However, once the most significant horizontal bit, namely H.sub.6, goes high, it activates the address invention circuit. Thus, at least one input for each of the exclusive OR gates 88-100, is turned to high. This has the effect of inverting the horizontal address for the remainder of the horizontal scan. The address bits are then counted down rather than up, creating, the mirroring effect described above.
The video control 80 includes a circuit 102, represented by the area inside the dotted lines, for retaining the symmetry of the image. The circuit 102 generates four signals that enable output latches E', F', G' and H' to output the pixels values A', B', C' and D'. The right hand half of the horizontal scan period, the input signals to 102 are inverted so that the pixel data come in corrected (inverted sequence.
The exclusive OR gates 88-100 are connected to an ALU 104 which subtracts the value contained in the horizontal offset latch 106 from the output values of the exclusive OR gates 88-100. This facilitates the offsetting discussed above.
The ALU 104 is connected to a clamping circuit 108, represented by the area inside the dotted lines, which clamps all negative values to 0. Thus, after offsetting, if an address value is negative, the circuit 108 clamps the values to 0. The clamping circuit 108 is connected to dynamic RAM controller IC 86 which generates the address signals for the frame buffer through the address bus 111.
FIG. 8 is an electronic schematic representation of the frame buffer. The frame buffer is shown generally in FIG. 8 by the numeral 120. The frame buffer 120 receives the video data from data bus 110. An input receiving buffer 122 receives the data from bus 110. The input receiving buffer 122 cleans up the data received by clamping low values to 0V and high values to 5V. The input receiving buffer is connected to the frame buffer input latches E, F, G, and H. Each input latch is connected to a pair of RAM IC, 124, 126, 128 and 130, respectively, for storing the data. Each pair of RAM ICs is connected to an output latch, E', F', G' and H'. The outputs E', F', G' and H' are tied together and read out sequentially each output as a 32-bit word. (Each of the input latches E, F, G and H and E', F', G' and H' are tri-state switches as discussed above, which enables them to be tied together.) The data is read out onto the video date bus 110 by driver IC 132.
The data is stored in the RAM IC's 124-130 for one transaction only. After a new coin insertion, new data from a new subject is read into the RAM IC's 124-130, in effect erasing the old data. This differs from the attract mode where the video image data model user is stored permanently in the memory of the CPU. After each transaction the attract mode is down loaded to the frame buffer by the CPU and displayed on the display monitor.
In Use
Prior to the user inserting coins, the apparatus sends a display to the customer to encourage him to deposit coins to activate the machine. The system displays a preprogrammed image which is manipulated by the system. This is accomplished by sound effects through the sound system. This is known as the attract mode.
Assuming the user decides to use the apparatus, he will sit on seat 16 positioning himself on cushion 18 in direct alignment with the video camera 36. The user then deposits $1.00 worth of coins into the coin acceptance device 38, which sends a signal to the system control. The CPU monitors the coin insertion and counts until the required amount has been inserted. Upon the required amount being inserted, the apparatus is activated. The system prompts the user through the display monitor by writing text to select the normal or humorous mode.
Normal Mode
Assuming that the user selects the normal mode by use of the switch 40, he is informed that he will have four opportunities to pose, commencing in five seconds, with five seconds between each pose. All instructions to the user are given through the text characters superimposed over the user's image in the display monitor.
The system now counts down five seconds, updating the display and informs the customer of the time until the video "snap-shot" will be taken. During this time the system also feeds photo-sensitive paper into the first exposure position. When the five seconds has elapsed, the system control brightens the booth by increasing the intensity of the lighting and performs a frame-freeze operation. This operation takes approximately 331/3 milliseconds, the time it takes to scan one entire video frame.
Once the image has been stored in the frame buffer, the booth 10 lights are dimmed and the paper exposure procedure is initiated. The exposure monitor, normally blank to avoid exposing paper, is now enabled and projects an inverted image of the video snap-shot (or negative) onto the photo-sensitive paper. This continues until the paper has been exposed for the proper amount of time (a few seconds, depending on image intensity) after which the exposure monitor is once again blank. The paper is then fed forward to put the next section of paper in position to be exposed.
During this period of time the customer is experiencing a five second countdown. Entertaining music is activated by the system control to the audio amp and is heard by the user through the speaker. Each snap-shot includes this delay period and music is activated to entertain the user each time.
After the last exposure has been completed, the paper is cut and fed into a thermal processor, where a positive image is produced from each of the exposures. In a preferred embodiment, there are four exposures. The strip of four photographs is then issued to the user. After issuing the photographs to the user the system returns to its attract or idle mode.
Humorous Mode
The apparatus operation of the humorous mode in the initial stages is basically the same as the initial stages of the normal mode. When the user switches to the humorous mode, he is also informed that he will have 5 seconds until a snap-shot is taken. However, the user is told there will only be one pose.
The system counts down 5 seconds, updating the display to inform the customer of the time until the video snap-shot will be taken. The right side of the display is dimmed somewhat. This is done to indicate to the user which part of the original image will be distorted during the image distortion process. During this time the system feeds the photo-sensitive paper into the first exposure position as in the case of the normal mode. When five seconds have elapsed, the system brightens the booth lighting and performs a freeze-frame operation. This operation again takes approximately 331/3 milliseconds.
The video image is again stored in the frame buffer, the booth lights are dimmed and the image distortion process is initiated. The left side of the image is mirrored onto the right half of the frame by the address manipulation circuits as described above. The first and, of course, the least distorted of the four images is produced. The exposure monitor exposes the paper for the proper amount of time and is again blanked after performing this function. The paper is again fed forward and the next section of paper positioned to be exposed.
For the second photograph, the CPU activates the address manipulation circuit. This moves the image halves closer to the center of the display eliminating the middle most portion of the display and increasing the distortion of the image. The next exposure is then made. This procedure is repeated until all four photographs have been taken. In the preferred embodiment, the third and fourth photograph will each be successively more distorted because additional address values will be subtracted. Thus, the fourth photograph as shown in FIG. 9 is the most distorted of all.
After the last exposure has been completed the paper is cut and fed into the thermal processor where a positive image is produced from each of the four exposures. The strip of photographs is then issued to the user and the system reverts to the attract mode.
FIG. 9 illustrates a sample of the output of the apparatus in accordance with this invention which is a strip of four photographs generally indicated by the numeral 70. The first frame 72 shows the image distortion in the mirrored condition with the left and right hand sides being symmetrical. The second frame 74 shows the mirrored distortion plus the horizontal address locations being offset by 6 address values. The third frame 76 shows the mirrored distortion plus the address values being offset by 12 location values. The fourth frame shows the mirrored distortion plus the horizontal address values being offset by 18 location values.
The computer system 140 is run by a computer program entitled Photovideo. A copy of the source code and object code of this program is attached to this patent application as an Appendix.
While the instant invention has been described by reference to what is believed to be the most practical embodiments, it is understood that the invention may embody other specific forms not departing from the spirit of the general characteristics of the invention. It should be understood that there are other embodiments which possess the qualities and characteristics which would generally function in the same manner and should be considered within the scope of this invention. The present invention therefore should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being limited solely to the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all equivalents thereto being intended to be embraced therein. ##SPC1##
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for making photographs from a video image of a user, comprising: video means for creating an analog video image signal of the user comprising video image data; computer means for receiving the analog video image signal from the video means, digitizing the video image signal, converting the digital video image signal to a second analog signal, the computer means including a frame buffer means for receiving the digitized video image signal, storing the digitized video image signal and sending the second analog signal, a video control for addressing the digitized video signal in the frame buffer means with address values and means for manipulating the stored video image data and for producing a distorted image of the user by manipulating the stored digitized image data in the frame buffer means by replacing the address values of one half of the data in the frame buffer means with the other half of the address values of the data in the frame buffer means in inverse order to produce a mirror image; and photographic means for receiving the second analog signal from the computer means and creating a photograph from the second analog signal.
2. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the video control includes the means for manipulating.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein the video control includes an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and wherein further manipulation is accomplished by the ALU subtracting a quantity q from each video address value.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the quantity q is known and remains constant.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the quantity q varies randomly.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein the quantity q varies according to a known algorithm.
7. An apparatus for making photographs from a video image of a user, comprising: video means for creating an analog video signal of the user comprising video data; computer means for receiving the analog video signal from the video means, digitizing the video signal, converting the digital video image signal to a second analog signal, the computer means including a frame buffer means for receiving the digitized video signal, storing the digitized video signal and sending the second analog signal, a video control for addressing the digitized video signal data in the frame buffer means, the video control addressing the digitized video signal in the frame buffer means with 7 horizontal and 9 vertical address lines and wherein a center line divides each horizontal scan into left and right hand half horizontal values and as the right hand half horizontal values are read out of the frame buffer means they are replaced by their inversely corresponding left hand half horizontal values and means for manipulating the stored video image data and for producing a distorted image of the user by manipulating the stored digitized image data in the frame buffer means; and photographic means for receiving the second analog signal from the computer means and creating a photograph from the received analog signal.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the computer means includes a circuit for reading out the right hand half horizontal address values in reverse order for preserving the symmetry of the video image.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 8, wherein the video control includes an ALU and the stored digitized image data is further manipulated by the ALU subtracting a quantity q from each horizontal address line.
10. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the quantity q is known and is constant.
11. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the quantity q is randomly selected.
12. An apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the quantity q is selected by a known algorithm.
13. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3 or 9, wherein the right hand values are defined as negative address values and the video control detects all negative address values and clamps the negative address values to zero.
14. An apparatus as set forth in claim 13, wherein the subtraction operation is repeated for creating successively more distorted photographs.
15. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein the video means includes a video camera for creating the video image signal and a display monitor for communicating with the user.
16. An apparatus as set forth in claim 15, wherein the video means includes a beamsplitter means for creating two identical image signals and for sending one image signals to the computer means for sending the other image signal to the display monitor for viewing by the user.
17. An apparatus as set forth in claim 16, wherein the computer means includes a system control for writing text on the display monitor, thereby communicating with the user.
18. An apparatus as set forth in claim 16, wherein the computer means includes a video control for sending the stored video image to the display monitor for viewing by the user.
19. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the computer means includes means for inverting the video image signal.
20. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the photographic means includes an exposure monitor aligned with photo-sensitive paper.
21. An apparatus as set forth in claim 20, wherein the exposure monitor comprises a black and white CRT.
22. An apparatus as set forth in claim 21, wherein the photographic means includes paper feeding means for advancing the photo-sensitive paper for the next photograph.
23. An apparatus as set forth in claim 20, wherein the computer means includes a system control for signaling the paper feeding means and controlling the timing of the paper advance.
24. An apparatus as set forth in claim 23, wherein the photographic means includes means for cutting the photo-sensitive paper.
25. An apparatus as set forth in claim 24, wherein the system control signals the paper cutting means and controls the timing of each paper cut.
26. An apparatus as set forth in claim 23, wherein the photographic means includes a thermal processor for making a positive print from a negative.
27. An apparatus as set forth in claim 20, wherein the photographic means includes means for delivering the photograph to the user.
28. An apparatus as set forth in claim 27, wherein the system control signals the delivery means and controls the delivery of the photograph to the user.
29. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the apparatus includes administrative means for activating the apparatus.
30. An apparatus as set forth in claim 29, wherein the administrative means includes a means for accepting coins and for signaling the computer means of the acceptance of the coins at a predetermined amount.
31. An apparatus as set forth in claim 30, wherein the computer means includes means for activating the apparatus upon a signal from the coin acceptance means that sufficient coins have been deposited.
32. An apparatus as set forth in claim 29, wherein the administrative means includes switch means for selecting a normal mode which produces a straight photograph or a humorous mode which manipulates the video image and produces a distorted photograph.
33. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the apparatus includes sound means for entertaining and signaling the user.
34. An apparatus as set forth in claim 33, wherein the computer means includes a system control for controlling the operation of the sound means.
35. An apparatus as set forth in claim 34, wherein the sound means includes an amplifier and a speaker.
36. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is contained in a free standing booth.
37. An apparatus as set forth in claim 36, wherein the booth includes lighting means for setting the proper lighting conditions to maximize the quality of the video image.
38. An apparatus as set forth in claim 37, wherein the computer means includes a system control for controlling the intensity of light from the lighting means.
39. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein the apparatus produces only black and white photographs.
40. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the computer means includes: an ADC for receiving the video image data from the video means and for digitizing the analog video image signal; the video control for addressing the video image data stored in the frame buffer means by assigning address values, for manipulating the values of the address values, for controlling the video means and for generating communications with the user on the video means; a DAC means for converting a digital output signal of the frame buffer means to the second analog signal and for sending the second analog signal to the video means and the photographic means; a system control for controlling the photographic means; and a CPU for storing an operating program and for temporary data storage for storing program execution.
41. An apparatus as set forth in claim 40, wherein the frame buffer means communicates with the CPU for enabling the CPU to evaluate the video image signal.
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