US 4,834,196 AGrant
Well Drilling Tool
Issue Date:1989-05-30
•6 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A drilling tool having a body that functions as a length of drill string and telescopes to shorten the body each time column load is applied by way of applied bit load. The telescoping action causes a cam turret in the body to change position to cause one of two possible conditions to exist while drilling. In one condition the body centerline is held straight while drilling. In the second condition the lower portion of the body is laterally deflected for changing the course of the well bore while drilling proceeds. Optional features cause a mud pressure signal to be generated, for detection at the surface, when selected elements in the apparatus are in preselected positions.
Metadata
Inventor
- Thomas E. Falgout, Sr.
Application Information
Application Number:US 0645966
Filing Date:1987-06-22
Priority Date:1987-06-22
Art Unit:356
Classifications
IPC:
E21B 708
Field of Search:
17573;74;61;256;321;322;231
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
This invention pertains to down hole well drilling equipment for use on a rotary drill string to control the course of a well bore being drilled. More specifically, it pertains to apparatus controllable from the earth surface to cause the centerline of the bottom hole assembly to be either straight while drilling or to be deflected while drilling.
Background
In well drilling activity, "straight hole drilling" commonly means that whatever the direction and angle (course) of an existing well bore, that course is being maintained as the well is deepened. The expression "directional drilling" usually implies that active efforts are being made to control or change the course of a progressing well bore.
The Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) has traditionally been selected and assembled at the surface for a specific action down hole during an entire run. In conjunction with Measurement While Drilling (MWD) equipment, the special assemblies and the related art leaves little to be desired in terms of effect. The operational costs have been high because the special assemblies require a round trip to change effect sought downhole while drilling.
With the advent of MWD equipment the demand for precision and accuracy of down hole deflecting equipment has eased because the effect being accomplished can be continually judged. With exactness demands related, apparatus that will deflect on command and remain straight on command and drill in either condition, and do so reliably is more practical.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide apparatus controllable from the earth surface to cause the centerline of the down hole drilling assembly to be straight for drilling or deflected for drilling selectively.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus to cause the centerline of a down hole drilling assembly to be straight for drilling or deflected for drilling in response to the repeated application of bit loads.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide apparatus with a telescoping body with intrinsic hinge means that will deflect upon selected instances of the application of bit load in a series of instances of the application of bit load.
It is still another object of this invention to provide apparatus to cause a change in pressure at the standpipe when the downhole deflecting tool is in selected modes of operation.
These and other objects, advantages, and features of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification, including the attached drawings and appended claims.
Summary of the Invention
A drilling tool having a body that functions as a length of drill string and telescopes to shorten the body in response to column load that results from bit load application. The telescoping action causes a cam turret in the body to change position each time bit load is applied. The cam position change causes one of two possible conditions to exist each time bit load is applied. In one condition the body centerline is held straight while drilling. In the second condition the lower portion of the body is laterally deflected and held for drilling to change the well bore course.
An optional feature provides a valve that will create a brief pulse in the drilling fluid stream when the internal parts of the apparatus move through preselected configurations so that an indication of that condition can be seen, in fluid pressure, at the earth surface.
Brief Description of Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partly cutaway, of the tool with body extended.
FIG. 2 is an orthagonal view of the tool of FIG. 1, partly cut away.
FIG. 3 is a section taken through the tool of FIG. 1 taken along line 3--3.
FIG. 4 is identical to FIG. 1 but in the deflected configuration and shortened by column load.
FIG. 5 is a section taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a surface development of drive ring 4, cam ring 5 and related parts viewed fron the centerline out.
FIG. 7 is a section of FIG. 4 taken along line 7--7.
FIG. 8 is a side elevation of a selected area of the tool of FIG. 1 with an alternate valve feature added.
FIG. 9 is a side view of the valve of FIG. 8 showing only a selected portion of the whole.
Various features incidental to manufacturing and maintenance utility, such as threaded joints, welded junctures and the like, but not bearing on points of novelty, are omitted from the drawings in the interest of descriptive clarity.
Detailed Description of Drawings
In the drawings, wherein like features have like captions, FIG. 1 shows a body comprised of an upper portion 1 and a lower portion 2, part of which is telescopingly received into bore 1a of portion 1. Lower portion 2 can pivot about axis CR because a clearance 2c is cut off one side of extension 2b to allow, in this case, two degrees of deflection. Arcuate sectors 6, one on each side, axially support portion 2 by processes best described with FIG. 2 in view. FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1. Sectors 6 have arcuate lower surfaces, struck from center of radius CR. Surfaces 6a are in contact with surfaces 2d and are retained there by shoulder screws 2g in arcuate slots 6c.
The body may be welded up from the various shapes shown.
Drive bars 1b provide support for surface 6b of sectors 6 when portion 2 moves upward relative to portion 1 to the travel limit, and they convey torque between portions 1 and 2 by bearing on surface 2f. Bars 1b retain portion 2 in portion 1 by supporting surface 2e when portion 2 is at the lower limit of relative travel.
As viewed in FIG. 2, axial alignment of the overall body is maintained by a reasonably close fit between extension 2b and bore 1a as well as a reasonably close fit between flattened faces 2n and guide planes 1c on portion 1.
In FIG. 1, the overall body axis is straight. Portion 2 of the body has moved down by gravity and bias and the lower body centerline can freely deflect to the right but not to the left because bearing block 2h engages the wall of bore 1a. The bearing block 2m is spaced from the wall of bore 1a enough to allow two degrees of rotation about point CR. There is no bit load on the suspended tool and the body is telescoped out to maximum length. The tool never drills (takes column load) in this state and loose coupling serves a purpose in freeing up machine elements for position changing.
The tool in FIG. 1 is prepared to drill straight when bit load is applied. With bit load applied, portion 1 moves downward shortening the body. Cam surfaces 2k move up to engage cam surfaces 5a.
Cams 5a, 2j and 2k may be regarded as deflection control cams comprising first cam 2k, second cam 2j and movable third cam 5a.
Bearing block 2h is forced solidly against the wall of bore 1a. Washpipe 3 moves upward overcoming spring 3a. Arcuate surfaces 2p and 3b remain in contact to conduct fluid from bore 1d, through washpipe 3, through body portion 2 and to the downwardly continuing drill string (not shown) attached to tool joint box 2a. The downwardly continuing drill string will usually include a motor and drill bit but may include a jet bit only or other drilling contrivance.
FIG. 4 is identical to FIG. 1 except position of parts. Cam 5a has been rotated 180 degrees and portion 1 has been thrust down on portion 2 as bit load produced column load that shortened the body. Portion 2 is deflected right two degrees. Cam surface 5a bears on cam surface 2j and thrusts bearing block 2m against the wall of bore 1a. Sector 6 is carrying bit load from surface 2d to the lower surface of bars 1b. Surface clearance 2c allows two degrees of angular deflection, then bears on the wall of of bore 1a. Drilling can only occur with bit load and, with bit load, portions 1 and 2 are locked together with no remaining free motion.
It is preferred to have the centerline of the body locked straight when bit load is applied and locked deflected when bit load is relieved and reapplied. Repeating the process of relieving the reapplying bit load shifts back to straight configuration and the alternating process can continue indefinitely with the alternate configuration occurring at alternate instances of bit load application.
The change in body length with change in load is used to shift cam 5a between positions opposing cam surfaces 2k and 2j. The cam system 5 cannot be easily rotated while cam surfaces are loaded and shifting of cam positions is carried out while the body lengthens during bit load reduction. Actually, cam 5a is not rotated 180 degrees each time bit load is applied but the effect is accomplished by using a five cam ring and rotating it thirty-six degrees each instance of bit load removal and reapplication. If the cam ring is forced to rotate before the cooperating surfaces of portion 2 are clear, damage may result.
FIG. 5 is a section through the cam surfaces and shows the relationship between cams 2k, 2j and 5a. There are 5 cams 5a and 5 adjacent openings 5b. Cam ring 5 is axially constrained for rotation by ring 1f and groove 5c (note these on FIG. 4).
Cam ring 5 is rotationally driven by lugs 3c in grooves 4b of drive sleeve 4. Drive sleeve 4 is axially constrained for rotation in body bore 1a by cam ring 5 and face 1g.
FIG. 6 is a partial development of surfaces on drive sleeve 4 and cam ring 5 viewed from the centerline outward. Lug 3c is assumed to be in the up position shown corresponding with the bit loaded, shortened body, situation. This corresponds to the FIGS. 4 and 5 parts relationships.
The serpentine groove (4b and 4e) is regarded to be a first selector cam cooperating with second selector cam, lug 3c.
It is preferable to rotationally move sleeve 4 when portion 1 is lifted and portion 2 moves down relatively. Lug 3c follows groove 4b when moving downward. Lug 3c is part of washpipe 3 which is rotationally secured to portion 1 by splined flange 3d which engages splined bore 1e. The washpipe can move axially but cannot rotate. Drive ring 4 moves leftward corresponding with counterclockwise viewed from the top.
Drive ring 4 moves left before cam 2k clears the related gap 5b in cam ring 5 and the cam ring cannot yet turn. Lugs 4a on the drive ring move left compressing springs 4d. Springs 4d, lugs 5d and springs 4c are shown only one of each because the development shown spans only about 160 degrees. When portion 2 is clear of the cam ring, spring 4d will turn it until it approximates registry with the selected neutral relationship between the drive ring and the cam ring. Spring 4c allows some reverse motion when lug 3c moves from the lower end of groove 4e to the upper end. The hook shape of groove 4e serves to align lug 3c over groove 4b at the upper travel extreme in preparation for the downward excursion. Grooves 4b are also hooked at the bottom to place lug 3c under groove 4e in preparation for the next upward excursion. To keep the drive ring from moving and randomly positioning the grooves relative to the lug when the lug is at the groove junctions, the drag ring 4g is provided. This is an "O" ring but provides enough drag to stabilize the drive ring.
In FIG. 7, the relationship between lugs 4a and 5d and springs 4d and 4c is shown
In tools of larger diameter, lugs 3c may be put on a collar free to slide but spring positioned on washpipe 3. This arrangement eliminates the need for override bias between the drive ring and the cam ring.
FIG. 8 discloses an optional feature representing means to transmit a fluid pressure signal along the drilling fluid stream in the drill string to indicate, at the surface, that the down hole apparatus is in a specific configuration.
Washpipe 3 is modified to provide a cavity 3e for ball valve element 7, and a crossbore 3f within which valve trunnion 7b can rotate. Trunnion 7b, which is part of the valve ball element, has off center crank pin 7c which can be engaged by index pin 4h on drive ring 4 to rotate the ball valve. Pins 7c and 4h can engage only when the washpipe is in the lower position and only briefly if ring 4 is moving. Valve 7 causes a limited pressure drop in the most closed position. The valve is biased open by spring 7d.
FIG. 9 is an end view of the right trunnion of FIG. 8 and is somewhat enlarged. Torsion spring 7d, coiled about trunnion 7b, engages notch 3g with hook 7f and engages pin 7g with hook 7e to rotate the trunnion to the position shown, with pin 7g stopping the trunnion by contacting the bottom of arcuate groove 3h. Drive ring 4 turns in the direction of the arrow thereon and pin 4h moves pin 7c to rotate the trunnion in the direction of the arcuate arrow to partly close the ball valve and to create a pressure pulse in the drilling fluid stream.
The telescoping tool, when spring biased toward full length, is a column load sensor. Lug 3c in grooves 4b and 4e produce movement equivalent to a load responsive signal to cam ring 5. Cams 2j and 2k represent deflection control means that is operatively associated with the hinge means, sector 6 and surface 2d, and it is responsive to the cam and lug signal. By alternately shifting from one of the two possible deflection related situations to the other, straightness results from one preselected number of load applications (and incidence of signals) and deflection results from another number of column load applications. Either of the two numbers may be a series selected from a continuum.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forth, together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the method and apparatus
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the apparatus and method of this invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
The invention having been described, I claim:
1. A drilling tool for use on a drill string, suspended in a well, to enable a driller to selectively alter a down hole drilling assembly for either straight hole drilling or deflected drilling configuration by axial manipulation of the drill string, the tool comprising: (a) a body adapted to function as a length of the drill string, with drilling fluid conducting means extending therethrough, and comprising: an upper portion and a lower portion, one of said portions, at least in part, telescopingly received within the other and secured therein for limited telescoping movement therein such that column loads through said body tend to shorten said body; hinge means arranged to secure one of said portions to the other and having a transverse axis about which the centerline of said lower portion can pivot between a first configuration generally coincident and a second configuration deflected from an extended general centerline of said upper portion; and rotational drive means comprising a non-circular surface on said upper portion coacting with a non-circular surface on said lower portion; (b) deflector means, in said body, comprising a first cam and a second cam, both carried on one of said portions, and a movable third cam carried on the other said portion, said movable third cam situated to move between a first position to engage said first cam to force said lower portion to said first configuration and a second position to engage said second cam to force said lower portion to said second configuration, said cams positioned to execute said forcing when said body is shortened by column loads greater than a preselected amount; (c) deflection selector means, in said body, comprising; said movable third cam and cooperating first and second selector cams, said first selector cam carried on said movable third cam and said second selector cam arranged to move in sympathy with said portion carrying said first and said second cams, said selector cams arranged to be actuated by said telescoping relative movement of said two portions in response to changes in said column loads to move said movable third cam to said first position on preselected instances of application of said column load, in a series of instances of application of said column load, greater than a preselected amount, and to move said movable third cam to said second position on other instances of said series.
2. The tool of claim 1 wherein said movable third cam comprises a plurality of similar individual cams carried on a ring axially secured in said body for rotation around a general body centerline, said individual cams each to perform as said third cam when in position to engage cooperating cams comprising said first and second cams.
3. The tool of claim 1 wherein signal valve means is situated to resist flow through said drilling fluid conducting means, said valve means movable between an open position and a closed position in response to movement of an extension from said third cam to move to said closed position when said movable third cam is in a preselected position and said column loads are changed within preselected limits.
4. The tool of claim 1 wherein said drilling fluid conducting means includes a washpipe arranged to sealingly engage said upper portion and sealingly engage said lower portion to provide a sealed fluid channel extending between said upper portion and said lower portion.
5. The tool of claim 2 wherein said first selector cam is a serpentine groove circumscribing said ring, said second selector cam being a lug on a member arranged to move relative to said ring in response to shortening of said body.
6. The tool of claim 1 wherein a spring is situated in said body, arranged to engage a surface on said lower portion and a surface on said upper portion, to urge said body to extend.
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