US 4,824,627 AGrant
Method of Making a Molded Plastic Product
Issue Date:1989-04-25
•5 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
The method of the present invention involves taking a comminuted mixture of waste plastic materials, feeding the mixture into a screw extruder capable of applying heat and pressure to the mixture; using the screw extruder to heat the mixture to a temperature of between 350.degree. and 600.degree. Fahrenheit; and forcing the molten mixture outwardly through a die opening under a pressure of from 100 lbs. per sq. inch to 600 lbs. per sq. inch into a mold in tightly sealed relationship over the die opening. The mold, after being filled, is removed from the screw extruder, and the mixture is permitted to cool and harden in the mold. The hardened mixture is then removed from the mold.
Metadata
Assignee
- Floyd V. Hammer
Inventors
- Floyd V. Hammer
- Brian Harper
Application Information
Application Number:US 1803816
Filing Date:1988-04-12
Priority Date:1985-11-18
Art Unit:137
Classifications
IPC:
B29C 3334B29C 4514B29C 4702B29C 4760
Field of Search:
26442524924137;40.1;40.2;40.4;40.5;40.7;140;;161;169;176.1;211.21;271.1;275;297.3;310 ;328.11;328.13;328.14;334;323;DIG. 69;DIG. 83;279;279.1113;116;145;147;150;173;215;218;376.1;576;586;DIG. 16;DIG. 24386;91;95;160;1653
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the present invention showing portions thereof in section.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the right-hand portion of the device shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of modified form of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a plan view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a mold and molded object which can be produced on the device of FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line 10--10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is an elevational view of a different mold which can be used with the device of FIG. 7.
FIG. 12 is a perspective exploded view of the mold and molded object shown in FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13--13 of FIG. 11.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a further mold which can be utilized with the device of FIG. 7.
FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line 15--15 of FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of an object molded with the mold of FIG. 14.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 generally designates the machine of the present invention. Machine 10 includes a screw extruding machine 12. Extruding machine 12 includes an input hopper 14 for adding the comminuted plastic waste materials which will be extruded through the machine. Extruder 12 includes an extruding barrel 16 (FIG. 4) having a screw 18 therein for driving the plastic material toward the discharge end of the barrel. At the discharge end of the barrel is a nozzle 20 having an extrusion aperture 22 therein.
The nozzle has the function of generating a pressure in the extruder so as to insure complete mixing of the various components of the input material. Furthermore, the nozzle enables the molds to be filled from a relatively small orifice so as to allow the molds to be of a relatively small cross-sectional area when compared with the extruder barrel diameter.
A nozzle heater band 34 surrounds nozzle 20 and is adapted to permit thermostatic control of the temperature of the extruded material, thereby maintaining the material at a constant temperature to obtain the desired flow properties at the nozzle head.
The nozzle is bolted or otherwise operatively secured to a large circular fixed plate 36 which remains stationary with respect to the extruder machine 12. Also attached to the extruding machine 12 is a rectangular tank 38 having side walls 40, 42, end walls 44, 46, and a bottom wall 48. Tank 38 is adapted to hold a water bath or other cooling fluid 50 therein.
Mounted in the bottom of tank 38 are a pair of upstanding pedestals 52, 54 which include bearings 56, 58 at their upper ends for rotatably receiving a tubular shaft 60 therein. Shaft 60 extends rotatably in bearings 56, 58 and also extends rotatably through a sleeve 62 centrally located in circular plate 36.
Mounted on the outside of shaft 60 are a pair of spaced apart carousel plates 64, 66. Each plate 64, 66 includes a cylindrical sleeve 68 having a bushing 70 therein. Threaded within sleeves 68 are tightening rods 72 which are adapted to tighten against bushings 70 so as to clamp plates 64, 66 against sliding movement along shaft 70. The distance between plates 64, 66 may be adjusted by loosening rods 72 and by sliding the plates 64, 66 to the desired relative spaced apart positions.
Each plate 64, 66 includes a plurality of circular openings 74 therein. Mounted within openings 74 and spanning the distance between carousel plates 64, 66 are a plurality of elongated molds 76. Each mold includes a first open end 78 and a second closed end 80. Fitted over end 80 is a closure plate 82 (FIG. 4) having an efflux orifice 84 therein for permitting gases to escape as the mold is being filled. Closure plate 82 is circular and is retentively fitted within the circular opening 74 of carousel plate 66. Open end 78 of mold 76 is fitted against circular plate 36. Welded or otherwise secured to the outer surface of mold 76 is a circular plate 84 which is sized to fit retentively within the opening 74 of carousel plate 64. Thus molds 76 are suspended between carousel plates 64, 66 by means of closure plate 74 and circular plate 84 being fitted within the openings 74 of carousel plates 64, 66. The particular means for holding circular plates 82, 84 in openings 74 may vary, and may include clamps, set screws or other means so as to attach the molds to the carousel plates 64, 66.
Mounted to the end of shaft 60 is a pulley 86. A drive motor 88 includes an output shaft 90 having a pulley 92 thereon. A belt 94 is trained around pulley 92 and pulley 86 so as to provide driving connection between motor 88 and shaft 60, thereby providing means for rotating the shaft 60 and the carousel plates 64, 66. A control box 95 is adapted to control motor 88 so as to cause the carousel plates 64, 66 to be moved in increments one at a time which will cause the various molds to move one at a time from a filling station designated by the numeral 96 in FIG. 3 to a holding or hardening station 98, and thence to periodic other stations 100-110 as shown in FIG. 3.
Mounted for sliding movement on the upper edges of side walls 40, 42 of tank 38 is a sliding frame 112 having a pair of cross frame members 114 spanning the distance between side walls 40, 42. Fixed to cross frame members 114 is a fill sensing assembly 116 which includes a fill sensing box 118 positioned in facing relationship to carousel plate 66 at the fill station 96. Fill sensing box 118 is shown in section in FIG. 4 and includes an elongated arm or blade 120 which is pivoted at 122. On the lower end of arm 120 is a balance weight 124 which fits in facing relationship to aperture 83 in closure plate 82 of mold 76. The upper end of arm 120 is provided with a magnet 126 which is normally in engagement with a switching device 128. In their normal position, magnetic reed switch 128 controls motor 88 so that there is no rotational movement of the carousel plates when the mold 76 is at the fill station 96.
Upon actuation of the screw extruding machine, plastic material is extruded outwardly through extrusion aperture 22 into mold 76. As the plastic material begins filling the mold 76, it ultimately begins issuing outwardly through fill sensing aperture 83. When this happens, counterbalance 124 is moved to the right as viewed in FIG. 4, thereby causing magnet 126 to break contact with magnetic reed switch 128. When contact is broker between magnet 126 and magnetic reed switch 128, the extruder is stopped and motor 88 causes the carousel plates 64, 66 to be indexed and moved so that the mold 76 progresses from the fill station 96 to the hardening station 98.
Positioned between fill station 96 and hardening station 98 is a sprue cutting device 130 shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5. Sprue cutting device 130 includes a base frame 132 which is fixed to sliding frame 12 and which extends downwardly therefrom. At the lower end of base frame 132 is pivoted a knife arm 134 having a knife blade 136 thereon. A hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 138 is connected at one of its ends to base frame 132 and at the other of its ends to knife arm 134. Cylinder 138 maintains knife blade 136 in facing relationship to the outer surface of closure plate 82, and is adapted to trim any resin that has issued from the orifice 83 of the mold. As the mold moves from the fill station 96 to the hardening station 98, the blade 136 wipes along the surface of closure plate 82 and trims the mold flush with the end face.
Mounted at the hardening station 98 is a mold closing device 140. Device 140 includes a cylinder 142 which is rigidly mounted with respect to sliding frame 112. Cylinder 142 includes a rod 144 having at its outer end a circular pad 146 adapted to fit in sealing engagement over fill sensing aperture 83. When the mold 76 reaches the hardening station 98 it stops, and cylinder 142 is extended so that pad 146 fits in sealing engagement over aperture 83. The pad 146 also exerts axial pressure on mold 76 so as to cause the open end 78 of mold 76 to be tightly fitted against the surface of fixed plate 36. Thus, both ends of mold 76 are closed by virtue of the pneumatic cylinder 142 during the time that the mold is at hardening station 98.
At the same time, the mold immediately following mold 76 is now at the fill station and is being filled. With the next indexing of the carousel plates, the second mold comes to the hardening station and the first mold progresses downwardly toward the bath 50 with tank 38. By this time the plastic material has hardened within mold 76 and does not require closure at the opposite ends of the mold 76.
After the molds have been more thoroughly cooled by subjecting them to the cooling bath 50, they can be emptied and used again for the forming of additional products.
The present invention thus permits the molds to be filled at a relatively low pressure, so as to eliminate the need for more expensive molds used in the high pressure molding techniques. However, the present invention permits the molds to be filled under somewhat greater pressure than that achieved with the Klobbie patent discussed above. There is therefore no need for a blowing agent to provide the molding pressure within the mold. The fill sensing device provides an improved method for determining when the mold is full and automatically signaling the machine to index the mold to the next station. The trimming blade and apparatus 130 trims the end of the mold automatically so as to insure a tight seal when the mold is positioned in the hardening station. At the hardening station, the mold is closed at both ends so as to permit the molded material to completely harden with both ends of the mold closed.
Referring to FIG. 7 the numeral 200 generally designates a screw extrusion machine similar to screw extruding machine 12. Machine 200 includes a control console 202, an input hopper 204 for adding the comminuted plastic waste materials which will be extruded through the machine, and a screw extruder designated generally by 206. Extruder 206 includes a plurality of heating elements 208 around the outer surface thereof which can be controlled by console 202 so as to provide the desired temperature for molding various types of plastic comminuted materials. Extruder 206 includes an extrusion die 210 through which the plastic material is forced for molding.
Supported in spaced apart relation to extruder die 210 is a hydraulic cylinder 212 having a ram 214 mounted therein for telescopic movement in response to actuation of cylinder 212. Ram 214 is mounted for movement along a line which is substantially registered with the axis of extrusion die 210. Cylinder 212 is held in fixed relation to extrusion die 210 by a support frame 215.
Mounted between extrusion die 210 and ram 214 are a cylindrical spacer block 216 and an irregularly shaped mold 218. Mold 218 is formed into a shape for the frame of a bench which is designated by the molded bench frame 220 (FIG. 9) having a pair of spaced apart legs 222, 224, an upstanding back 228 and a horizontal support surface 226. Frame 218 includes an L-shaped bracket 230 which is adapted to fit against spacer block 216 so that, when extended, ram 214 exerts a force directly through spacer block 216, L-shaped bracket 230, and mold 218 to the die 210 of the extruder 206.
Mold 218 includes a hollow mold section 232 having an inlet opening 234 at one end thereof. A cover plate 236 is adapted to fit in covering relation over hollow frame 232 to provide a complete enclosure therein. Clamps or other securing means can be used to secure cover plate 236 tightly in covering relation over the open end of hollow frame 232. A plurality of knockout bolts 238 are slidably fitted within hollow frame 232 for facilitating the removal of the molded bench frame after the molding is complete.
In order to mold the bench frame 220 it is necessary to place the mold 218 between the spacer block 216 and the die 210. The inlet opening 234 of frame 218 is placed in registered alignment with die 210 so as to permit the molten plastic material issuing from die 210 to enter the interior of mold 218. Mold 218 is held in place by extending the cylinder 212 and the ram 214 so as to press spacer block 216 against frame 218.
Comminuted waste plastic material is then placed within hopper 204 and the screw extrusion machine 200 is actuated and controlled by console 202. The comminuted waste plastic materials may be those which are conventionally produced by various plastic waste materials such as beverage containers. It may include polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene. It also may include other foreign waste materials such as metal coming from the bottle caps of beverage containers. While it is not necessary that all of the above materials be included in the comminuted material, it is preferable that at least two of the above materials be included.
The extruder is used to heat and apply pressure to the comminuted material and thereby produce a molten plastic material which is forced outwardly through the die 210. The pressure applied by the extruder may vary from as low as 100 lbs. per sq. inch to as high as 600 lbs. per sq. inch. Preferably the pressure should be approximately 300 to 600 lbs. per sq. inch. The temperature also can be adjusted to produce the best results with the particular combination of material being molded. The molding temperature should vary from approximately 350 degrees Fahrenheit to approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit.
The extruder is then actuated so as to force the molding material into the mold 218. The desired molding pressure within mold 218 can be achieved by varying the pressure with which ram 214 holds the mold 218 against the die 210. Exerting a lesser force will result in the mold filling with a lesser pressure and exerting a greater force with the ram 214 will result in the mold 218 being filled to a greater molding pressure.
After mold 218 is full the mold is removed and the material therein permitted to cure and harden. Knockout bolts 238 are then used to remove the molded object 220. Under the method of the present invention, the mixture is maintained free from a blowing agent other than the air which naturally forms in the mixture while passing through the screw extruder.
The present invention permits the molding of large and complicated irregular objects at a very low molding pressure. Prior to the present invention such large and complicated objects required molding at very high pressures. However, by utilizing the combination of molding materials and by utilizing the extruding machine 200 and the ram 212 it is possible to mold objects at very low pressures ranging from 100 p.s.i. to 600 p.s.i.
Referring to FIGS. 11-13 a further type of mold 240 is shown in use with the extruding machine 200. Mold 240 can be used to mold a foreign object such as metal bar 242 within a plastic molded body 244. Mold 240 comprises two mold halves 246, 248 each having semi-circular openings 250 adapted to fit around and receive metal bar 242. Mold half 248 includes a flat flange 252 which is adapted to fit against the die 210. Flange 252 includes a molding inlet opening 254 which permits the molding compound (designated by the numeral 256 in FIG. 13) to enter from die 210 into the mold 240.
The molding process is essentially the same as for the device shown in FIGS. 8-10. The material is forced through die 210 into the mold at a pressure of from 100 to 600 lbs. per sq. inch and at a temperature of from 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit. The pressure within mold 240 is controlled by the force exerted by cylinder 212 and ram 214. It has herefore been unknown in the art to be able to mold an object such as body 244 with a foreign object such as bar 242 embedded therein at pressures as low as 100 to 600 lbs. per sq. inch.
Referring to FIGS. 14-16, a large wooden object such as railroad tie 258 is shown molded within a plastic material designated by the numeral 260 in FIG. 16. This construction can be valuable for items such as railroad ties, poles, pilings, posts, and the like which are exposed to the elements and which can rot and deteriorate with time. By molding the railroad tie 258 within a plastic 260 it is possible to preserve the railroad tie over much longer periods of time then presently possible. While methods for extruding small wooden objects within plastic are known in the art, it is has not been known how to mold large objects such as railroad tie 258 within plastic. The present invention makes such molding possible.
Referring to FIG. 14, a mold 262 comprising mold halves 264, 266 is placed between the extruder die 210 and the spacer block 216 of cylinder 212 and ram 214 (not shown). Within the mold halves 264, 266 is the railroad tie 258. A plurality of spacer pegs 268 extend from railroad tie 258 to the walls of the mold 262 as is illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15. Pegs 268 are preferably made from plastic so that they will ultimately become part of the plastic material 260 surrounding railroad tie 258.
The extruder 200 is then actuated to force the molten plastic into the mold 262 through an inlet orifice 270. The pressure within the mold 262 is controlled by the force with which the cylinder 212 and the ram 214 exert against the mold 262. Preferably this pressure should be between 300 p.s.i. and 600 p.s.i., and the molding temperature should be maintained between 350 degrees Fahrenheit and 600 degrees Fahrenheit.
The molding compound fills the space within the molds and surrounds the railroad tie 258. The plastic pegs 268 partially melt and form integrally with molding plastic so as to create the plastic material 260 shown in FIG. 16. The railroad tie 258 is thus embedded within the plastic through a molding process.
While the process described above is a manual process for molding railroad tie 258 in plastic, it is also possible to fully automate the molding process by utilizing the carousel molding machine 10 with a plurality of elongated molds containing railroad ties. In such applications the mold filling hole 270 is at the end of the mold so as to fit against nozzle opening 22. Also the opposite end of the mold is open and is pressed against plate 82 (FIG. 4) for molding in accordance with the method set forth for the device of FIGS. 1-6.
Thus, it can be seen that the device accomplishes at least all of its stated objectives.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for molding plastic objects comprising: taking a combination of waste plastic materials which have been ground into a comminuted mixture, said combination of plastic materials comprising at least two materials selected from a group of materials consisting essentially of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and metal; feeding said mixture into a hopper of a screw extruder capable of applying heat and pressure to said mixture; using said screw extruder to heat said mixture to a temperature of approximately 350 degrees-600 degrees Fahrenheit whereby said mixture will melt and to force said molten mixture outwardly through a die opening under a pressure of from approximately 100 lbs. per sq. inch to 600 lbs. per sq. inch; holding the inlet opening of a mold in tightly sealed relationship over said die opening so as to receive said molten mixture issuing from said die opening, said mold having an enclosed cavity in communication with said inlet opening for receiving said molten mixture; continuing to use said screw extruder to force said molten mixture through said die opening and said inlet opening into said enclosed cavity of said mold until said mold is completely filled with said molten mixture at a pressure of from 100 to 600 p.s.i.; removing said mold from said screw extruder after said cavity is filled; permitting said mixture within said mold to cool and harden; removing said hardened mixture from said mold.
2. A method according to claim 1 and further comprising maintaining said mixture free from a blowing agent other than the air which naturally forms in said mixture while passing through said screw extruder.
3. A method according to claim 1 comprising using a complex mold having an irregularly shaped cavity therein, said mold being comprised of at least two separate parts, and separating said mold parts from one another in order to remove said hardened mixture from said mold.
4. A method according to claim 1 comprising using a mold having a foreign object within said cavity whereby said molten mixture will surround and embed said foreign object therein when said molten mixture fills said cavity and said foreign object will be embedded within said hardened mixture.
5. A method according to claim 4 comprising holding said foreign object in spaced relationship to said mold during the time that said screw extruder forces said molten mixture into said cavity whereby said molten mixture will completely surround and enclose said foreign object.
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