Direct Current Magnetic Polarization Component Compensation Circuit for Constant Voltage/Frequency Power Supply Apparatus

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus capable of continuously applying a constant voltage having a constant frequency to a load.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In general, a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus is used to apply a constant voltage having a constant frequency to loads such as devices and appliances that are required to be continuously driven in a constant condition.

In FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of one conventional constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus. Reference numeral 1 indicates an AC (alternating current) power supply, reference numeral 2 denotes a transformer for transforming an output voltage of the AC power supply 1, reference numeral 3 represents a constant voltage/frequency output circuit (referred to as "a CVCF circuit") to obtain a constant voltage having a constant frequency by processing the output voltage of the transformer 2, and reference numeral 4 denotes another transformer for transforming the constant voltage/frequency output derived from the CVCF circuit 3 so as to supply the transformed constant voltage/frequency output to a load 5. The above-described CVCF circuit 3 includes a converter 31 for converting the AC output supplied from the AC power supply 1 via the transformer 2 into a DC (direct current) output, an inverter 32 for inverting the DC output of the converter 31 into a corresponding AC output, and an AC filter 33 for filtering the AC output inverted by the inverter 32. The AC inverter 32 is connected to a control circuit 6.

The above-mentioned CVCF circuit 3 is illustrated in FIG. 2, more particularly. In FIG. 2, the converter 31 is composed of a bridge circuit made up of four diodes 311-314 and an electrolytic capacitor 315. The inverter 32 consists of four transistors 321-324, each connected with the control circuit 6 which outputs the signal controlling the inverter 32 for forming a square wave including output frequency components between points A and B by turning transistors on or off. The AC filter 33 is made up of a reactor 331 and a capacitor 332.

With this circuit arrangement, the AC output derived from the AC power supply 1 is transformed to a predetermined AC voltage by the transformer 2, and then this AC voltage is input to the CVCF circuit 3. Upon receipt of this AC voltage in the CVCF circuit 3, it is converted into the DC voltage by the converter 31, the DC output is inverted into the AC output by the inverter 32 which is conducting-controlled by control signals of the control circuit 6. Thereafter, the inverted AC output is filtered by the AC filter 33 to derive only a desirable frequency component therefrom, which is then transformed by the transformer 4 to produce a desired AC voltage. The resultant AC voltage is a constant AC voltage having a constant frequency, which is to be applied to the load 5.

Another prior art constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus is shown in FIG. 3, the circuit arrangement as well as the operation of which are different from those of the power supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1. It should be noted that reference numerals 1 through 6 and 31 to 33 shown in FIG. 3 denote the same circuit elements shown in FIG. 1. In the circuit of FIG. 3, a changeover circuit 7 is interposed between the CVCF circuit 3 and the transformer 4, and a direct voltage-applying circuit 8 is connected to a junction between the transformer 2 and the CVCF circuit 3, and the changeover circuit 7. The changeover circuit 7 is composed of a contactor, a thyristor, or a transistor.

A description will now be made of the operation of the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 3. As the operation of the CVCF circuit 3 including the control circuit 6 is the same as that of FIG. 1, the constant AC voltage having a constant frequency can be applied to the load 5. When such a constant AC voltage having a constant frequency is not required for the load 5, or when an accident occurs in the CVCF circuit 3 in case of providing such a constant AC voltage having a constant frequency, the AC output transformed by the transformer 2 may be supplied directly to the load 5 via the direct voltage-applying circuit 8 by changing the changeover circuit 7 such as AC switches, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

The above-described conventional constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus, however, contain the following drawbacks.

First, since the output voltage of the CVCF circuit 3 appears as a sine wave, a so-called "drift" phenomenon occurs due to changes in the control element characteristics by the aging and the temperature variations, and commands on the reference sine wave are changed, then DC magnetic polarization is produced by superimposing a DC component on the AC output. If the DC magnetic polarization occurs in the power supply apparatus, the transformer 4 connected to the output stage of the CVCF circuit 3 is excited by this DC component. As a result, the DC current flows through the primary coil of the transformer 4, resulting in an increase of the temperature, which causes the transformer to be burned out.

Secondly, if the circuit elements of the inverter 32 in the CVCF circuit 3 are broken down due to certain reasons, the polarity of the DC voltage accidentally appears as a single polarity. The conventional power supply apparatus, however, cannot detect such a breakdown accident instantaneously.

The present invention is made by solving the above-identified problems, and therefore has an object to provide a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus in which a temperature increase as well as burnout of a transformer can be avoided by deleting the DC current component from the transformer exciting current, while the DC magnetic polarization is automatically cancelled.

Another object of the invention is to provide a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus for simultaneously detecting malfunction which may be caused by the circuit elements of the inverter and the like upon occurrence of the DC magnetic polarization.

To achieve the above objects of the invention, the constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus according to invention is characterized in that correcting command means is provided for detecting a volume, or amount, of the DC magnetic polarization contained in the AC output of the CVCF circuit and for controlling the operation of the CVCF circuit based upon the detected volume of the DC magnetic polarization, the AC output having a constant level and a constant frequency being continuously supplied to the load by the correcting command means.

The advantages and features of the disclosed invention will readily be appreciated by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one conventional constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the CVCF circuit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another conventional constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus different from the power supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a constant voltage/frequency apparatus according to a first preferred embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a correcting circuit in the constant voltage/frequency apparatus shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram in detail of the correcting circuit 10 in FIG. 5;

FIGS. 7(a)-7(c) show output waveforms of the CVCF circuit shown in FIGS. 4-6;

FIG. 8 illustrates a relationship between a correction amount and an amount of the DC magnetic polarization of the AC output according to the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-6;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus according to a second preferred embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of details of a detecting circuit for a DC magnetic polarization volume shown in FIG. 9; and

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram in detail of the DC magnetic polarization amount detecting circuit in FIG. 10.

A detailed description will now be made of preferred embodiments concerning a constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus according to the present invention with reference to the drawings.

A circuit arrangement according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention will be first described, referring to FIG. 4. No further description is made in the specification of the elements designated by reference numerals 1 to 6 and 31 through 33 since these elements are the same as those of FIG. 1 designated by the same numerals. A correcting circuit 10 is connected between the control circuit 6 for controlling the inverter 32 constituting the CVCF circuit 3 (shown in FIG. 2) and a junction between the CVCF circuit 3 and the transformer 4. The control circuit 6 and the correcting circuit 10 are shown in FIG. 5, and details of them are shown in FIG. 6. In the circuit shown in FIGS. 5, 6, the correcting circuit 10 includes a low pass filter 11 for deriving only the DC component from the output voltage having, e.g., a frequency of 60 Hz of the CVCF circuit 3, an isolation amplifying circuit 12 for applying the DC voltage obtained in the low pass filter 11 to the control circuit side through a limiter and a noise filter (not shown in FIG. 5) and for isolating the CVCF circuit side and the control circuit side, and an amplifying circuit 13 for producing a predetermined volume, or amount, of correction for the DC magnetic polarization. The correcting circuit 10 further includes an adder 14 for adding the correction volume of the DC magnetic polarization derived from the amplifying circuit 13 to a reference sine wave produced from a reference sine wave oscillating circuit 61 of the control circuit 6. The control circuit 6 includes a pulse width modulation control circuit 62, in addition to the above reference sine wave oscillating circuit 61, for modulating the pulse width of the output of the adder 14 so as to produce a control signal to the inverter 32.

Referring to the circuits shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, an overall operation of the constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus according to the first preferred embodiment will be described.

The output voltage of the CVCF circuit 3 is input to the low pass filter 11 so as to derive the DC component only, and thereafter the DC component is supplied via the isolation amplifying circuit 12 to the amplifying circuit 13. A predetermined correction amount of the DC magnetic polarization can be determined by this amplifying circuit 13, and the correction amount is summed with the reference sine wave in the adder 14. The reference sine wave is output from the reference sine wave oscillating circuit 61 in the control circuit 6, and is added to the correction amount of the DC magnetic polarization for the correction purposes. Thereafter it is pulse-width-modulated as the control signal in the pulse width modulation control circuit 62 of the control circuit 6, and supplied to the inverter 32 of the CVCF circuit 3.

The output voltages of the CVCF circuit 3 are represented in FIG. 7. FIG. 7(a) shows a normal output voltage influenced by no DC magnetic polarization. FIG. 7(b) shows an output voltage adversely influenced by the DC magnetic polarization in a positive direction. FIG. 7(c) shows an output voltage adversely influenced by the DC magnetic polarization in a negative direction.

FIG. 8 shows a relationship between the correction amount and the amount of the DC magnetic polarization, in which the abscissa denotes the amount, or volume, of the DC magnetic polarization, whereas the ordinate represents the correction amount. In FIG. 8, points a to c correspond to the amounts of the DC magnetic polarization as illustrated in FIGS. 7(a) to 7(c).

Accordingly, even if the initial setting of the reference sine wave is performed under the condition of the temperature drift and the aging effect, the CVCF circuit 3 can derive the output voltage within a range between 0.1 and 0.5 percent of the DC magnetic polarization amount.

A power supply apparatus according to a second preferred embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of the power supply apparatus according to the second preferred embodiment, in which reference numerals 1 through 8 and 31 to 33 represent the same circuit components as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, and the CVCF circuit has the same constitution as that shown in FIG. 2. Reference numeral 20 indicates a detecting circuit for detecting the DC magnetic polarization volume, or amount, contained in the AC output of the CVCF circuit 3, and is connected to the control circuit 6 and the changeover circuit 7.

A detailed arrangement of the DC magnetic polarization amount detecting circuit 20 includes, as shown in FIG. 10, a low pass filter 21 for deriving only the DC component from the output voltage of the CVCF circuit 3, an isolation amplifying circuit 22 for isolating the CVCF circuit side from the control circuit side to feed the DC voltage obtained in the low pass filter 21, an amplifying circuit 23 for detecting the amount of the DC magnetic polarization, and a comparator 24 for comparing the DC magnetic polarization amount with a predetermined reference amount of DC magnetic polarization Vref. And the DC magnetic polarization amount detecting circuit 20 is minutely illustrated in FIG. 11.

The overall operation of the second power supply apparatus is as follows. The output voltage of the CVCF circuit 3 is applied to the low pass filter 21 to derive only the DC component, and then this DC component is supplied to the amplifying circuit 23 via the isolation amplifying circuit 22. The amplifying circuit 23 enables an amount, or volume, of the DC magnetic polarization to be determined. The comparator 24 compares this DC magnetic polarization amount to the predetermined reference amount Vref.

When the DC magnetic polarization amount is lower than the given reference amount Vref, the output of the comparator 24 becomes a high level. An AND gate 25 receiving this high level output passes the control signal from the control circuit 6. Also a changeover prescribing circuit 26 receives the high level output and changes the AC switch of the changeover circuit 7 to the CVCF circuit side.

Under this condition, when the DC magnetic polarization amount contained in the output voltage of the CVCF circuit 3 exceeds the predetermined reference amount Vref, the output of the comparator 24 goes to a low level and therefore the AND gate 25 changes its state to output no control signal at its output terminal. Then, the inverter 32, i.e., the CVCF circuit 3 is interrupted. Simultaneously, the changeover prescribing circuit 24 to which the low level output of the comparator 24 is supplied changes the AC switch of the changeover circuit 7 to the direct voltage-applying circuit 8, thereby feeding the AC voltage via the direct voltage-applying circuit 8 to the load 5 under the normal condition.

While the present invention has been described in detail by using specific embodiments, the following advantages of the constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus can be achieved by continuously controlling the power output to be supplied to the load, based upon the DC magnetic polarization amount contained in the AC output of the CVCF circuit.

First, the constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus can be provided in which the DC excitation of the transformer provided at the load side of the CVCF circuit can be avoided due to an increase of the DC magnetic polarization amount contained in the AC output of the CVCF circuit, resulting in no breakdown of the appliances such as the transformer and heavy duty operations.

Moreover, the constant voltage/frequency power supply apparatus can be accomplished in that since the DC magnetic polarization amount contained in the AC output of the CVCF circuit is detected by the correction controlling means so as to control the output of the CVCF circuit, the malfunction of the circuit elements of the inverter and the like which may cause occurrence of the DC magnetic polarization can be instantaneously detected to realize the firm maintenance and inspection.