US 4,796,646 AGrant
Composition and Process for Treating Keratinic Substances With at Least One Anionic Polymer and at Least One Quaternized Protein
Issue Date:1989-01-10
•24 Claims
Abstract
Composition and process for treating keratinic substances with at least one anionic polymer and at least one quaternized protein. The invention concerns a process for the cosmetic tretment of keratinic substances and in particular hair, the skin or the nails, wherein at least one strongly cationic quaternized protein and at least one anionic polymer other than homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked by means of a polyfunctional agent or an amphoteric polymer are applied on the said substances.
Metadata
Assignee
- L'Oreal
Inventors
- Jean F. Grollier
- Claude Dubief
Application Information
Application Number:US 6653863
Filing Date:1984-10-26
Priority Date:1983-10-28
Art Unit:125
Classifications
IPC:
A45D 700A61K 706A61K 708A61K 711A61K 713A61K 7135A61K 912
Field of Search:
42426052525253070123.754.1528409
Patent Drawings
This patent does not have any drawings.
Description
The present invention relates to new, polymerbased compositions intended to be employed in the treatments of keratinic substances and more particularly in the cosmetic treatment of hair, skin and nails.
Cosmetic treatment is understood to mean all the treatments which make it possible to condition, wash and/or colour keratinic substances such as hair, the skin or the nails.
The Applicant Company has already discribed in French Patent No. 2,383,660 compositions based on anionic polymers and on cationic polymers for the treatment of keratinic substances. These compositions make it possible to impart to hair properties of firmness, shape-retention, body, sheen, easy disentangling and pleasant touch.
The quaternised proteins which may be employed according to the invention are known in themselves and have already been recommended for use in cosmetics.
The quaternised proteins more particularly preferred according to the invention are strongly substantive proteins whose substantivity can be compared to cationic polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups such as the water-soluble cyclopolymers mentioned in the Applicant Company's earlier French Patent No. 2,383,660 such as in particular the copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide of molecular weight above 500,000, such as the polymers sold under the name MERQUAT 550 by the MERCK Company.
When these polymers are combined with anionic polymers they impart to the treated hair good disentangling properties and shape-retention and firmness properties.
When they are not combined with the anionic polymer, the quaternised proteins according to the invention impart body and disentanglement, sheen, and pleasant touch to the hair.
The Applicant Company has discovered that their use in combination with anionic polymers such as defined below permitted, in addition to the remarkable properties of disentanglement, body, sheen and touch, to strengthen the shape-retention and firmness properties of hair, which offers an undoubted benefit to the users.
These properties are clearly superior when compared to the properties of the combination of a polymer having a similar substantivity with the same anionic polymer.
A subject of the present invention is thus a process for treating keratinic substances making use of an anionic polymer and a cationic polymer which is a strongly cationic quaternised protein.
Another subject consists of the compositions employed in such a process.
Other subjects will appear from the reading of the description and the examples which follow.
The process for treatment of keratinic substances and preferably cosmetic treatment of hair, the skin and/ or the nails, according to the invention, is essentially characterised in that at least one strongly cationic quaternised protein and at least one anionic polymer with the exception of homopolymers of acrylic acid which are crosslinked by means of a polyfunctional agent are applied to the said substance.
The quaternised proteins which are more particularly capable of being employed according to the invention correspond to the formula: ##STR1## in which A denotes a protein residue derived from hydrolysates of collagen protein, R denotes a lipophile group containing up to 30 carbon atoms and preferably containing 10-20 carbon atoms and namely 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and X denotes an alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
The preferred quaternised proteins have a molecular weight of between 1,500 and 10,000 and preferably between 2,000 and 5,000.
A more particularly preferred product is the product sold under the name LEXEIN QX-3000 recommended in the CTFA dictionary under the name "Cocotrimonium collagen hydrolsate" and marketed by the Inolex Company.
The anionic polymers which can be employed in the process according to the invention are polymers having a molecular weight of between 500 and approximately 5,000,000 and advantageously between 10,000 and 3,000,000 and have a large number of sulphonic, carboxylic or phosphoric groups. These polymers can also be anionic latices.
The anionic polymers which can be employed in accordance with the invention may be chosen in particular from the polymers derived from a carboxylic or sulphonic acid, mentioned in the Applicant Company's French Patent No. 2,383,660.
The carboxylic groups are provided in the anionic polymers by unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids denoted particularly by the formula: ##STR2## in which n is an integer from 0 to 10, A denotes a methylene group optionally joined to the carbon atom of the unsaturated group or to the adjoining methylene group when n is greater than 1 through the intermediacy of a heteroatom such as oxygen or sulphur, R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a phenyl or benzyl group, R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group or a carboxy group, R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, --CH.sub.2 -- COOH, phenyl, or benzyl.
In the abovementioned formula a lower alkyl radical denotes preferably a group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in particular methyl, ethyl and the like.
The preferred anionic polymers employed according to the invention are chosen from:
homo- or copolymers of acrylic or metacrylic acid or their salts and in particular the products sold under the names VERSICOL E or K by the Company ALLIED COLLOID, ULTRAHOLD 8 by the Company CIBA GEIGY, the copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide sold in the form of their sodium salt under the names RETEN 421, 423, or 425 by the HERCULES Company, sodium polymethacrylate sold under the name DARVAN No. 7 by the Van der Bilt Company, the alkali metal salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids sold under the name HYDAGEN F by the HENKEL Company;
copolymers of the abovementioned acids with a monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, vinylbenzene, vinyl or allyl esters, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acids, optionally grafted on a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol and optionally crosslinked. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent No. 1,222,944 and German Application No. 2,330,956; copolymers of this type containing an optionally N-alkylated and/or hydroxyalkylated acrylamide moiety in their chain such as are described in particular in Luxemburg Patent Nos. 75,370 and 75,371; acrylic acid homopolymers crosslinked with the aid of a polyfunctional agent such as the polymers sold under the name CARBOPOL being excluded when no other anionic polymer is present;
copolymers derived from crotonic acid such as those incorporating in their chain vinyl propionate or acetate moieties and optionally other monomers such as allyl or methallyl esters, vinyl ether, or vinyl ester of a saturated carboxylic acid containing a long hydrocarbon chain such as those containing at least 5 carbon atoms, or a vinyl, allyl or methallyl ester of a carboxylic or cyclic acid, these polymers being optionally capable of being grafted and crosslinked. Such polymers are described inter alia in French Patent Nos. 1,222,944; 1,580,545; 2,265,782; 2,265,781; 1,564,110 and 2,439,798. Commercial products belonging to this class are resins 28-29-30, 26-13-14 and 28-13-10, sold by the National Starch Company.
Polymers derived from maleic, fumaric or itaconic acids with vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenyl vinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters; these polymers may be esterified. Such polymers are described in particular in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,047,398; 2,723,248; 2,102,113, and British Pat. No. 839,805. Mention can be made in particular of the polymers sold under the names GANTREZ AN, S or ES by the General Anilin Company or EMA 1325 or 91 by the MONSANTO Company. Polymers which also belong to this class are copolymers of maleic, citraconic or itaconic anhydrides and an allyl or methallyl ester optionally containing an acrylamide or methacrylamide group in their chain, and monoesterified or monoamidified, described in French Patent Nos. 2,350,834 and 2,357,241 of the Applicant Company.
The polyacrylamide containing carboxylate groups such as those sold by the American Cyanamid Company under the name CYANAMER A 370.
The polymers with a sulphonic group which may be employed in accordance with the invention are chosen in particular from
Salts of polystyrenesulphonic acid such as the sodium salts sold under the name Flexan 500 having a molecular weight of approximately 500,000 or under the name Flexan 130 having a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 by the National Starch Company. Such compounds are described in particular in French Patent No. 2,198,719.
Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of sulphonic acids derived from Lignin and, more particularly, calcium or sodium lignosulphonates such as the product sold under the name Marasperse C-21 by the American Can Company and those based on C.sub.10 C.sub.14 sold by the Avebene Company.
Sulphonic polyacrylamide salts, such as those mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 4,128,631 and more particularly polyacrylamidoethylpropanesulphonic acid sold under the name COSMEDIA POLYMER HSP 1180 by the HENKEL Company.
Polymers containing alkylnaphthalenesulphonic acid salt moieties such as the sodium salt sold under the name Darvan No. 1 by the Van der Bilt Company.
Polymers containing at least one vinylsulphonic moiety in their chain such as, more particularly, the polyvinyl sulphonates having a molecular weight of between 1,000 and 100,000 and particularly their sodium, potassium, calcium or ammonium salts and amine salts such as alkylamine or alkanolamine salts, as well as copolymers containing at least vinylsulphonic groups with one or more cosmetically acceptable comonomers such as unsaturated acids chosen from acrylic and methacrylic acids and their esters, amides such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, substituted or unsubstituted, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone. These polymers are described more particularly in French Patent No. 2,238,474 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,961,431 and 4,138,477.
It is also possible to employ according to the invention amphoteric polymers in place of the anionic polymers or in combination.
The amphoteric polymers consist of A and B moieties distributed statistically in the polymer chain, where A denotes a moiety derived from a monomer containing at least one basic nitrogen atom and B denotes a moiety derived from an acidic monomer containing one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups or alternatively A and B can denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines; A and B may also denote a cationic polymer chain containing secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups in which chain at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group connected through the intermediacy of a hydrocarbon radical, or else A and B form part of a chain of a polymer containing an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenedicarboxylate moiety in which one of the carboxylic groups has been caused to react with a polyamine containing one or more primary, seconday or tertiary amine groups.
These polymers are described in particular in U.S. Pat. No. 3,836,537 and French Patent No. 1,400,366, as well as in French Patent Publication No. 79/29,319. It is also possible to employ amphoteric polymers of dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate or betainised (methy)acrylamide containing the moieties: ##STR3## in which R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 denotes an alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y denotes O or NH, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 denote independently of each other hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the copolymers with acrylic or methacrylic acid esters containing alkyl radicals having 4 to 24 carbon atoms and acrylic or methacrylic acid esters containing alkyl radicals having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and optionally other monomers such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, acrylamide, hydroxyethyl or propyl acrylate or methacrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl acetate, and the like, which are known in themselves.
It is also possible to employ in accordance with the invention anionic latices which are latices whose anionic functional groups are provided either by polymerisation or copolymerisation of anionic monomers by the usual processes known to those skilled in the art, either by combination of the anionic free radical originating from the reaction initiator with the monomer or the monomers in question during the initiation of polymerisation of the said monomers or by juxtaposition of these two processes for synthesis or alternatively by introducing end groups by a chain transfer reaction in the second process making use of a reaction initiator.
The process making use of reaction initiators is described in particular in the article by R.M. FITCH "Preparation and characterisation of charge stabilized polymer colloids" in "Polyelectrolytes and their applications", 51-69 by D. REIDER Publishing Company.
The latices employed more particularly according to the invention result from the polymerisation of various monomers such as styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, chloroprene, vinylidene chloride, isoprene, isobutylene, vinyl chloride, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, vinyl acetic, maleic, crotonic or itaconic acids, employed alone or in a mixture with one or more of the following ion-forming monomers:
acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic, maleic, crotonic, para-styrenesulphonic, vinylsulphonic, 2-methacryloyloxyethylsulphonic and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulphonic acids.
The latices may also be obtained by polymerisation or copolymerisation of the abovementioned ion-forming monomers.
The latices obtained according to the abovementioned second process result from the use of initiators chosen from redox systems, peroxides, perphosphates, percarbonates, persulphates, peroxidised organic acids such as for example peracetic acid, or the persulphate-bisulphate-iron mixture.
The functional monomers employed in the case of chain transfer reaction are chosen from organic thioacids such as for example mercaptoacetic acid.
Among the anionic latices which may be employed in accordance with the invention particular mention can be made of the products sold under the following tradenames: KARAMUL 142 ST sold by the FRANCONYX Company which is an acrylic emulsion; the latices sold under the names PRIMAL B52, PRIMAL K3, PRIMAL TR 485, PRIMAL AS 95 consisting of acrylic aqueous emulsions sold by the ROHM & HAAS Company, containing between 20 and 50% solids;
APPRETAN ANT which is a dispersion of an acrylic copolymer, sold by the HOECHST Company;
ACRYMUL AM 176 R which is an aqueous emulsion of an acrylic copolymer containing reactive groups, sold by the PROTEX Company;
NATIONAL 125 4477 and 125 4445 which are aqueous dispersions of an acrylic copolymer, NATIONAL 125 2833, NATIONAL 125 2869, NATIONAL 125 2873 which are emulsions of a vinyl acetate/acrylic acid copolymer sold by the NATIONAL ADHESIVES & RESINS Company;
LUCIDENE 347 which is a styrene acrylic acid emulsion, sold by the WILLIAMS Company;
SYNTRAN 1026 which is an acrylic acid-ethylene-styrene emulsion sold by the INTER POLYMER CORPORATION;
COLAPERLE SPA which is an aqueous dispersion of an acrylic copolymer sold by the PCUK Company;
a CHEMIGUM LATEX 6271 which is a copolymer of carboxylated butadiene and acrylonitrile sold by the GOODYEAR Company.
It is self-evident that other anionic latices may be employed in accordance with the invention.
The anionic polymers which are more particularly preferred are those containing a linear uncrosslinked acrylic or methacrylic moiety, a maleic anhydride moiety optionally monoesterified or hydrolysed or a grafted crotonic acid moiety optionally crosslinked or incorporating more than one monomer other than vinyl acetate.
The polymers are employed in accordance with the invention either according to a two-step process including in a first stage the application of a composition containing the quaternised protein and in a second stage the application of a composition containing the anionic polymer such as defined above, or including in a first stage the application of a composition containing the anionic polymer and in a second stage the application of a composition containing the quaternised protein, or by means of a single composition containing, in a solvent medium, the anionic polymer and the quaternised protein..
The compositions employed for applying the polymer or polymers on the keratinic fibres are compositions containing the said polymers in concentrations from 0.01 to 10% by weight and preferably in concentrations of between 0.1 and 5% by weight in a suitable medium for their application on these fibres. The pH of these compositions is generally between 2 and 11 and preferably between 3 and 10.
It may be adjusted with alkalising or acidifying agents which are known in themselves.
These compositions may be in various forms such as liquid, cream, emulsion, gel, thickened lotion, or powder; they may contain water as well as any cosmetically acceptable solvent chosen, in particular, from monoalcohols, such as alkanols containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, polyalcohols such as alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycol ethers such as mono-, di- and triethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as for example ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, employed alone or as a mixture. These solvents are present in concentrations below or equal to 70% by weight relative to the weight of the total composition.
These compositions may also be packaged as aerosol and in that case applied in the form of an aerosol spray, or in the form of aerosol foam.
In this form of embodiment it is possible to employ in particular, as propellant gas, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, volatile hydrocarbons such as butane, isobutane and propane and preferably chlorinecontaining and fluorine-containing hydrocarbons.
Preferred compositions may also contain electrolytes such as alkali metal salts, such as sodium, potassium or lithium salts, these salts being preferably chosen from sulphates, halides, such as chloride, bromide or salts of organic acids such as acetates or lactates, as well as alkaline-earth metal salts chosen preferably from calcium, magnesium or strontium carbonates, silicates, nitrates, acetates, gluconates, pantothenates, and lactates.
These compositions may also be in the form of powder or of lyophilysates to be diluted before use.
The compositions according to the invention may contain any other ingredient usually employed in cosmetics, such as perfumes, colorants whose function may be to colour the composition itself or the fibres, preserving agents, sequestering agents, thickeners, silicones, softening agents, foam synergists, foam stabilisers, sunscreens, peptising agents, and anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surface-active agents or their mixtures.
These compositions may be employed in particular in the form of shampoo, rinse lotion, cream or treatment product which can be applied before or after dyeing or bleaching, before or after shampooing, before or after permanent waving or hair straightening and can also have the form of a colouring product and hair setting lotion, blow-drying lotion, or product for bleaching, permanent waving or hair straightening.
These compositions are applied preferably on the hair and the nails where the best results are found.
A particularly preferred embodiment consists of the use in the form of shampoo for washing hair.
In this case, these compositions contain anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants or their mixtures in a concentration of between 3 and 50% by weight, preferably between 3 and 20% and their pH is between 3 and 10.
A list of the surfactants which may be employed in accordance with the invention is given in the Applicant Company's French Patent No. 2,383,660.
Another preferred embodiment consists of the use in the form of rinse lotion to be applied mainly before or after shampooing. These lotions may be aqueous or aqueous alcoholic solutions, emulsions or thickened lotions or gels. When the compositions are in the form of emulsions they may be nonionic or anionic. The nonionic emulsions consist chiefly of a mixture of oil and/or fatty alcohol and polyethoxylated alcohol such as polyethoxylated stearyl or cetylstearyl alcohols and cationic surfactants may be added to these compositions.
An embodiment which is also preferred and which gives advantageous results on hair consists of the compositions such as defined above, pressurised in an aerosol device and forming a foam when exposed to air.
The anionic emulsions are formed essentially starting from soap.
When the compositions are in the form of thickened lotion or gel, they contain thickeners in the presence or absence of solvent. The thickeners which may particularly be employed are especially sodium alginates, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives and it is also possible to obtain thickening with a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol stearate or distearate or with a mixture of phosphoric ester and amide. The concentration of thickener may vary between 0.05 and 15% by weight.
When the compositions are in the form of hairdressing lotion, hair-shaping lotion or hairsetting lotion, they generally incorporate the polymers defined above, as well as nonionic polymers if appropriate, in aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic solution.
When the compositions of the invention are intended to be employed for dyeing keratinic fibres and in particular human hair, they contain, in addition to the quaternised protein or proteins and the anionic polymer, at least one precursor of an oxidation dye and/or a direct dye. They may also contain any other adjuvant usually employed in this type of composition.
The pH of the dyeing compositions is generally between 7 and 11 and can be controlled at the desired value by adding an alkalising agent.
The composition according to the invention may also be employed for waving or straightening hair. In this case, the composition contains, in addition to the anionic polymer or polymers and the cationic protein, one or more reducing agents, and optionally other adjuvants usually employed in this type of composition. These compositions are intended to be employed in conjunction with an oxidising composition.
When the polymers are applied according to a twostep process, the combination of the quaternised protein with the anionic polymer is produced directly in the region of the fibres.
This process can be employed by applying in a first stage a composition in the form of pre-lotion containing the quaternised protein and in a second stage a composition such as for example a shampoo or a dye containing the anionic polymers defined above.
According to another alternative form of the invention, a shampoo containing the quaternised protein can be applied in a first stage and a composition such as a lotion containing the anionic polymer in a second stage.
It is also possible to proceed by employing in succession a composition for permanent waving, hair straightening, colouring, or bleaching containing the quaternised protein and to follow this first treatment with a second treatment with a composition containing the anionic polymer, the latter being put in a composition which may be a shampoo or a simple lotion or alternatively an oxidising solution, particularly in the case of the permanent waving or colouring compositions.
It is also possible to employ in a first stage a shampoo containing the quaternised protein and in a second stage another shampoo containing the anionic polymer, the pH of the compositions applied in these two stages being capable of being different and adjusted so as to be present at the time of the application of the composition containing the anionic polymer under conditions which permit a good deposit of the combination according to the invention on the fibres to be treated.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without, however, being of a limiting nature.
Example 1
A shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has, once dried, good settability as shown by a firmer hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 2
A shampoo with the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 6.7 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has good settability as shown by a firmer hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 3
A shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 7.3 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has good settability as shown by a firmer hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 4
A shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 7 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has good settability as shown by a firm hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 5
A shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 6.3 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has good settability as shown by firm hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 6
A rinse lotion with the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 7.2 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair is washed with the aid of a conventional shampoo: rinsed with the aid of this composition, it has good settability after being dried.
Example 7
An after-shampoo is prepared in the form of aerosol foam with the following composition:
The pH is adjusted to 7.4 with sodium hydroxide.
Schedule for filling the aerosol can:
Hair treated with the aid of this composition has good settability as shown by a firmer hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 8
An after-shampoo having the following composition is prepared:
The pH is adjusted to 5 with sodium hydroxide.
Hair washed with the aid of this shampoo has good settability as shown by a firmer hairstyle and good shape retention with time.
Example 9
A shampoo with the following composition is prepared:
Example 10
A shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
Example 11
An after-shampoo of the following composition is prepared:
Example 12
An after-shampoo with the following composition is prepared:
Example 13
A lotion with the following composition is prepared:
This composition is applied on washed hair which is shaped and dried without having been rinsed after application of the composition.
Example 14
A foam with the following composition is prepared:
This composition is packaged in an aerosol device.
The foam is applied to clean hair.
After shaping and drying, the hair shows good shape retention.
Example 15
The following composition is prepared:
This composition is applied on nails as a hardener.
Claims
We claim:
1. Composition for the cosmetic treatment of hair, skin or nails which comprises, in a cosmetically acceptable medium which is suitable for application on said hair, skin or nails, a strongly cationic quaternised protein and an anionic polymer other than homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyfunctional agent, said anionic polymer having a molecular weight of between 500 and 5,000,000 and having a large number of sulphonic, carboxylic, or phosphoric groups, said strongly cationic quaternised protein corresponding to the formula: ##STR5## in which A denotes a protein residue derived from hydrolysates of collagen protein, R denotes a lyophilic group containing up to 30 carbon atoms, and X denotes an alkylene group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, said strongly cationic quaternised protein and said anionic polymer being present in concentrations between 0.01 and 10% by weight.
2. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the molecular weight of the quaternised protein is between 1,500 and 10,000.
3. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the anionic polymer is a polymer containing carboxylic groups which are derived from unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids denoted by the formula: ##STR6## in which n is an integer from 0 to 10, A denotes a methylene group optionally connected to the carbon atom of the unsaturated group or to the adjoining methylene group when n is greater than 1 through the intermediacy of a heteroatom which is oxygen or sulphur, R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a phenyl or benzyl group, R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or carboxy group, R.sub.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, --CH.sub.2 --COOH, phenyl or benzyl and polymers containing sulphonic groups of which one is a salt of polystyrene sulphonic acid, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts or sulphonic acid derived from lignin, polyacrylamide sulphonic acid salts, polymers containing alkylnaphthalenesulphonic acid moieties in the form of salts, and polymers containing vinyl sulphonic acid moieties.
4. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that it additionally contains electrolytes which are alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts.
5. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the quaternised proteins and the anionic polymers are present in concentrations of between 0.1 and 5% by weight.
6. Composition according to claim 1 characterised in that the pH is between 2 and 11.
7. Composition according to claim 1 characterised in that it is in the form of liquid, cream, emulsion, gel, thickened lotion or powder, or is packaged as an aerosol in the form of spray or foam.
8. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains water or a mixture of water with a cosmetically acceptable solvent selected from the group consisting of monoalcohols containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, polyalcohols, and glycol ethers employed alone or a mixture thereof and present in concentrations below or equal to 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
9. Composition according to claim 1, characterised in that it is in the form of lyophilysates to be diluted before use.
10. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a shampoo.
11. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a shampoo and which further comprises anionic, non-ionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof.
12. Shampoo characterised in that it has a composition as defined in claim 1, and which additionally contains an anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactant or their mixture in a concentration of between 3 and 50% and which has a pH of between 3 and 10.
13. A composition according to claim 1 which is a rinse lotion in a form selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution, an aqueous alcoholic solution, an emulsion, a thickened lotion, a thickened gel, and an aerosol.
14. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a rinsing lotion.
15. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a hair setting lotion.
16. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a blow drying lotion.
17. Composition in the form of thickened lotion and gel having the composition as defined in claim 1 , characterised in that it additionally contains thickeners selected from the group consisting of sodium alginates, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol stearate a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol stearate, a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol distearate, a mixture of in concentrations of between 0.05 and 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
18. Composition pressurised as an aerosol forming a foam when exposed to air, characterised in that it is such as defined in claim 1.
19. A composition according to claim 1 which is in the form of a product which may be applied before or after dyeing or bleaching the hair, before or after shampooing, before or after permanent waving, or before or after straightening the hair.
20. Process for the cosmetic treatment of hair, the skin or the nails, comprising the step of applying a strongly cationic quaternised protein and an anionic polymer, other than homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked by means of a polyfunctional agent to said hair, skin or nails, said anionic polymer having a molecular weight of between 500 and 5,000,000 and having a large number of sulphonic, carboxylic, or phosphoric groups, said strongly cationic quaternised protein corresponding to the formula: ##STR7## in which A denotes a protein residue derived from hydrolysates of collagen protein, R denotes a lyophilic group containing up to 30 carbon atoms, and X denotes an alkylene group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, said strongly cationic quaternised protein and said anionic polymer being present in concentrations between 0.01 and 10% by weight.
21. Process according to claim 20 characterised in that the said strongly cationic quaternised protein and the said anionic polymer are applied by means of a single composition.
22. Process for the treatment of hair, characterised in that a composition as defined in claim 1 is applied on the hair.
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