Herbicidal Ortho-Sulfamoyl Sulfonamides

The present invention relates to a class of ortho-sulfamoyl sulfonamides useful as pre-emergent or post-emergent herbicides and plant growth regulants.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,346 issued Jan. 12, 1982 to Levitt et al. discloses herbicidal sulfonylurea compounds of the following structure. ##STR1## wherein, among other substituents, A can be NR.sub.2 R.sub.3, R.sub.2 can be H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sub.3 can be C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and NR.sub.2 R.sub.3 taken together can be ##STR2##

South African Patent Application No. 83/0127 teaches herbicidal N-arylsulfonyl-N'-pyrimidinylureas of formula ##STR3## wherein X is optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl.

This invention relates to novel compounds of Formula I, suitable agricultural compositions containing them and their method of use as pre-emergent or post-emergent herbicides or plant growth regulants. ##STR4## where

Q is NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, ##STR5##

R is H, Cl, Br, F, OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 ;

R.sub.1 is H, C(O)R.sub.3, C(O)NR.sub.4 R.sub.5, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6 C(O)NHR.sub.9 or CF.sub.2 H;

R.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;

R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, CF.sub.3 or aryl optionally substituted with Cl, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, NO.sub.2 or OCH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or aryl optionally substituted with Cl, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, NO.sub.2 or OCH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.5 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;

R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may be taken together to be --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;

R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;

R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently H or CH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.9 is A-1;

A is ##STR6##

X is Cl, Br, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCF.sub.2 H or CF.sub.3 ;

Y is H, NHCH.sub.3, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 F, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, SCH.sub.3, SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Br, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl, CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2, CH(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2, ##STR7## or OCF.sub.2 H;

Z is CH or N;

X.sub.1 is O or CH.sub.2 ;

Y.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3 or Cl;

X.sub.2 is CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3 or SCH.sub.3 ;

Y.sub.2 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 ;

X.sub.3 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 ; and

Y.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ; and their agriculturally suitable salts; provided that

(a) when R.sub.1 is H, then R.sub.2 must also be H;

(b) when R.sub.1 is CONHR.sub.9, then A must be A-1 and the values of X, Y and Z must be identical for both A and R.sub.9 ;

(c) when X is Cl or Br, then Z is CH and Y is NHCH.sub.3, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or OCF.sub.2 H; and

(d) when X or Y is OCF.sub.2 H and Z is CH then R.sub.1 must be other than H or C(O)(C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl).

Preferred for their higher herbicidal activity, greater plant growth regulant activity and/or more favorable ease of synthesis are:

(1) Compounds of Formula I where R is H, A is A-1, X is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, Cl, OCF.sub.2 H or CF.sub.3 and Y is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 or CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2 ;

(2) Compounds of Preferred 1 where Q is NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 or ##STR8## and R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.3 ;

(3) Compounds of Preferred 2 where Q is NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 or ##STR9## R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are both H, X is CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3 or Cl and Y is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3.

Exemplary compounds within the scope of the invention include:

N-[(4,6-Diemthoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide, m.p. 192.degree.-195.degree. C. (d);

N-[(4-Methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamid e, m.p. 154.degree.-155.degree. C. (d);

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide, m.p. 175.degree.-177.degree. C.;

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide, m.p. 220.degree.-221.degree. C. (d); and

N,N'-bis-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonam ide, m.p. 201.degree.-203.degree. C.; and

2-(Azetidin-1-yl-sulfonyl)-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminoc arbonyl]benzenesulfonamide, m.p. 201.degree. C.

The compounds of Formula I can be prepared by one or more of the methods described below in Equations 1-4.

As shown in Equation 1, compounds of Formula I where Q is N(R.sub.2)C(O)NHA (Ia) can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula II with two equimolar amounts or more of an appropriate methyl carbamate of Formula III in the presence of two or more equivalents of trimethylaluminum.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-80.degree. C. in a solvent such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane for 10 to 96 hours under an inert atmosphere as taught in EPO Publication No. 79,683 (published May 25, 1983).

The required carbamates III are prepared by reacting the corresponding amines IV with dimethylcarbonate or methyl chloroformate in the presense of a strong base.

Alternatively, compounds of Formula Ia can be prepared by reacting a sulfonylcarbamate of Formula V with 2 or more equivalents of an appropriate amine of Formula IV, as shown in Equation 2.

The reaction is carried out at 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in a solvent such as dioxane for 0.5 to 24 hours, as taught in EPO publication No. 44807. The required carbamates are prepared by reacting the corresponding sulfonamide II with two or more equivalents of diphenylcarbonate in the presence of a strong base.

Compounds of Formula I, where Q is other than ##STR12## can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula VI with an appropriate methylcarbamate of Formula III in the presence of an equimolar amount of trimethylaluminum as shown in Equation 3.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C. in a solvent such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane for 10 to 96 hours under an inert atmosphere as taught in EPO Publication No. 79, 683.

Alternatively, compounds of Formula Ib can be prepared by reacting a sulfonylcarbamate of Formula III with an appropriate amine of Formula IV as shown in Equation 4.

The reaction is carried out at 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in a solvent such as dioxane for 0.5 to 24 hours as taught in EPO publication No. 44807. The required carbamates VII are prepared by reacting the corresponding sulfonamide VI with diphenylcarbonate in the presence of a strong base.

The compounds of Formula Ib can also be prepared by reacting a sulfonamide of Formula VI with phenylcarbamates of Formula IIIa in the presence of base as shown in Equation 5.

The reaction is carried out at 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile for 0.1 to 24 hours in the presence of a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) as taught in EPO Publication No. 44,807. The required carbamate IIIa is prepared by reacting amine III with diphenylcarbonate or phenylchloroformate in the presence of base.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula II, where R.sub.2 is H (IIa), can be prepared by reacting a 1,2-benzenedisulfonylazide of Formula VIII with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride as shown in Equation 6.

The reaction is carried out at -20.degree. to 70.degree. C. in a solvent such as ethanol for 10 to 96 hours.

The required 1,2-benzenedisulfonylazide VIII can be prepared by reacting a o-flurosulfonylbenzenesulfonyl chloride of Formula X with sodium azide as shown in Equation 7.

The reaction is carried out at 0.degree. to 60.degree. C. in a solvent such as water or methanol for 10 to 96 hours.

Alternatively, compounds of Formula VIII can be prepared by reacting a 1,2-benzenedisulfonyl chloride of Formula X with sodium azide as shown in Equation 8.

The reaction is carried out at 0.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. in a solvent such as methanol or water for 0.2 to 96 hours according to the teaching of R. A. Abramovitch and G. N. Knaus, J. Org. Chem., 40, 883 (1975).

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula II where R.sub.2 is CH.sub.3 (IIb) can be prepared by reacting a 2-(methylamino)sulfonylbenzenesulfonylazide of Formula XI with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride as shown in Equation 9.

The reaction is carried out at -20.degree. C. to 60.degree. C. in a protic solvent such as ethanol for 10 to 96 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The required 2-(methylamino)sulfonylbenzenesulfonylazide XI can be prepared by reacting a N-methyl-o-fluorosulfonylbenzenesulfonamide of Formula XII with sodium azide as shown in Equation 10.

The reaction is carried out at -20.degree. to 80.degree. C. in a protic solvent such as water or methanol for 0.5 to 90 hours.

The required N-methyl-o-fluorosulfonylbenzenesulfonamide XII can be prepared by reacting a o-fluorosulfonylbenzenesulfonyl chloride IX with two equivalents of methylamine as shown in Equation 11.

The reaction is carried out at -20.degree. to 60.degree. C. in an inert protic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran for 0.5 to 96 hours.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VI where Q is ##STR22## can be prepared by reacting a sulfonyl fluoride of Formula XIII with ammonia as shown in Equation 12.

The reaction is carried out at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. in an inert protic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran for 2-90 hours. The required sulfonyl fluoride (XIII) is prepared by reacting a o-fluorosulfonylbenzenesulfonyl chloride of Formula IX with azetidine or aziridine in the presence of a base such as triethylamine as shown in Equation 13 where Q is either ##STR24##

The reaction is carried out at -20.degree. to 60.degree. C. in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile for 2-90 hours.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VI, where Q is N(R.sub.2)C(O)N(R.sub.4)R.sub.5 with R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being other than H, can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula IIa with a carbamyl chloride of Formula XIV in the presence of a base such as triethylamine as shown in Equation 14.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-110.degree. C. in a solvent such as diglyme for 10 to 296 hours.

Alternatively, the intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VIb can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula II with a carbamate of Formula XV in the presence of trimethylaluminum as shown in Equation 15.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C. in a solvent such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane for 10 to 96 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VI where Q is --N(R.sub.2)C(O)R.sub.3 (VIc) can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula II with an acid chloride of Formula XVI in the presence of a base such as triethylamine as shown in Equation 16.

The reaction is carried out 25.degree.-110.degree. C. in a solvent such as diglyme for 10 to 296 hours.

Alternatively, the intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VIc can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula II with a methyl ester of Formula XVII in the presence of trimethylaluminum as shown in Equation 17.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C. in a solvent such as methylene chloride or 1,2-dichloroethane for 10 to 96 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VI where Q is N(R.sub.2)CO.sub.2 R.sub.6 (VId) can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamides of Formula II with a chloroformate of Formula XVIII in the presence of a base such as triethylamine as shown in Equation 18.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-110.degree. C. in a solvent such as diglyme for 10 to 296 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The intermediate sulfonamides of Formula VI where Q is N(R.sub.2)C(O)NHR.sub.4 (VIe) can be prepared by reacting the sulfonamide of Formula II with the isocyanate of Formula XIX in the presence of a base such as 4-N,N-dimethylpyridine as shown in Equation 19.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-110.degree. C. in a solvent such as diglyme for 10 to 296 hours.

The intermediate sulfonamides VI where Q.sub.1 is ##STR32## can be prepared by reacting a sulfonyl chloride of Formula XX with ammonia as shown in Equation 20.

The reaction is carried out at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. in an inert aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran for 2-90 hours. The required sulfonyl chloride XX can be prepared from the corresponding chlorides of Formula XXI by the two step sequence as shown in Equation 21.

The first step involves nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atom with an alkyl or benzyl mercaptide to give an intermediate sulfide. The reaction can be carried out at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C. in a polar solvent such as DMF for 0.5 to 24 hours. The sulfide is then oxidatively chlorinated to the desired sulfonyl chloride by the addition of molecular chlorine or a chlorine equivalent to the sulfide in the presence of water at 15.degree. to 80.degree. C. in an aliphatic carboxylic acid solvent such as acetic acid or an inert organic solvent such as dichloroethane for 1 to 24 hours. The required chlorides of Formula XXIa can be prepared by reacting a o-chlorosulfonyl isocyanate of Formula XXIIa with an alkene of Formula XXIII as shown in Equation 22.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-120.degree. C. in a solvent such as nitromethane for 2-90 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The required chlorides of Formula XXIb can be prepared by reacting a o-chlorobenzenesulfonamide of Formula XXIIb with ClCF.sub.2 H in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate as shown in Equation 23.

The reaction is carried out at 25.degree.-170.degree. C. in a solvent such as DMF or dioxane for 2-90 hours under an inert atmosphere.

The amines of Formula IV in Equations 2 and 4 are also important intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention and are described below.

The pyrimidines and triazines of Formula (IVa) to (IVd) below are either known or can be prepared by obvious methods by one skilled in the art. ##STR37##

For a review of the synthesis and reactions of 2-aminopyrimidines (IVa, Z=CH) see The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 16, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1962). For a review of the synthesis and reactions of 2-amino-s-triazine (IVa, Z=N) see The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 13, John Wiley, New York (1959), F. C. Schaefer, U.S. Pat. No. 3,154,547 and F. C. Schaefer and K. R. Huffman, J. Org. Chem., 28, 1812 (1963). The synthesis of the bicyclic amines IVb and IVc is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,339,267. The synthesis of bicyclic amines IVd is taught in European patent application (EP-A) No. 46,677 (published Mar. 3, 1982).

The amines of Formula IVa where X is OCF.sub.2 H, OCH.sub.2 F or CF.sub.3 and/or Y is OCF.sub.2 H can be prepared by methods taught in South African patent application No. 825,045, or by suitable modifications that would be obvious to one skilled in the art.

The pyrimidines of Formula IVa (Z=CH) where Y is --CH(OCH.sub.2).sub.2, --CH(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR38## can be prepared according to the methods taught in European patent application (EP-A) No. 84,224, published July 27, 1983 or suitable modifications thereof known to one skilled in the art.

The triazine amines of Formula IVe where X.sub.3 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 can be prepared according to the teachings of European patent application (EP-A) No. 94,260, published Nov. 16, 1983. ##STR39##

The preparation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles of Formula IVf is taught in European patent application (EP-A) No. 73,562, published Mar. 9, 1983.

To a suspension of 0.7 g of 1,2-benzenedisulfonamide and 1.5 ml of trimethylaluminum in 70 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride was added 0.6 g of 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamic acid methyl ester under N.sub.2 with stirring. After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and was then heated to reflux for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled down to room temperature. To this mixture was added 50 ml of methylene chloride, 100 ml of water, 10 ml of acetic acid and 5 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and was filtered. The organic layer was then separated, washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was then chromatographed on silica gel (CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 /acetic acid 1:1) to yield 0.2 g of N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide, m.p. 192.degree.-193.degree. C.

NMR(DMSO-d.sub.6).delta.: 3.92 (6H, s); 5.83 (1H, s); 7.35 (2H, s); 7.8-8.6 (4H, m); 10.5 (1H, s); 12.8 (1H, bs).

To a suspension of 0.5 g of 1,2-benzenedisulfonamide and 2.5 ml of trimethylaluminum in 50 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride was added 1 g of 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamic acid methyl ester under N.sub.2 with stirring. After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and was then heated to reflux for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled down to room temperature. To this mixture was added 50 ml of methylene chloride, 100 ml of water, 10 ml of acetic acid and 5 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and filtered. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated. The residue was stirred in n-butyl chloride for 2 hours and filtered. The solid was washed with copious amount of ethyl acetate and then dried to yield 0.18 g of N,N'-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonam ide, m.p. 201.degree.-203.degree. C.

NMR(DMSO-d.sub.6).delta.: 3.92 (12H, s); 5.95 (2H, s); 7.8-8.6 (4H); 10.2 (2H, s); 12.2 (2H, bs).

One gram of 1,2-benzenedisulfulnylazide was added portionwise to 0.4 gm sodium borohydride in 15 ml of ethyl alcohol with stirring and cooling. After addition, the mixture was stirred with cooling (ice/acetone bath) for 2 hours and filtered. The solid was washed with cold ethyl alcohol and ether to yield 0.8 g of 1,2-benzenedisulfonamide, m.p. 250.degree. C. Mass spec. (M/e) 236

In a dry flask under nitrogen was placed 1.20 gram of 2-(azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonamide, 50 ml of dry dichloromethane and 2.48 ml of 2M trimethylaluminum in toluene. To this was added 0.885 g of 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylcarbamic acid methyl ester and the resultant solution was heated to reflux for 12 hours. The solution was washed with 50 ml of a water/acetic acid/1N HCl solution (40:10:0.4). The organic fraction was concentrated and chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/methylene chloride (15:85)). The slower moving portions were collected, treated with ethyl acetate and dried to give 0.45 g of a solid, m.p. 175.degree.-177.degree. C.

HNMR (CDCl.sub.3 /CF.sub.3 CO.sub.2 H, 90 MHz).delta.: 2.0-2.35 (m, 3H); 4.05 (t, 4H, J 8 Hz); 4.15 (s, 6H); 7.7-8.7 (m, 4H);

IR (nujol) 1700 cm.sup.-1.

In a 1-1 flask was placed 9.8 g of 2-(azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride and 500 ml of THF. Then 9 ml of ammonia was added and the mixture was refluxed for two days. Four 25 ml portions of liquid ammonia were then added to the refluxing solution over a 48 hour period. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue chromatographed on silica gel (dichloroethane). The desired product was collected to give 4.9 g of a solid m.p. 121.degree.-123.degree. C.

NMR(CDCl.sub.3 /DMSO-d.sub.6, 90 mmHz).delta.: 1.9-2.30 (m, 2H); 3.95 (t, 4H); 6.90 (bs, 2H); 7.65-8.35 (m, 4H).

IR(nujol) cm.sup.-1 3420 and 3300 (NH.sub.2), 1340 and 1170 (SO.sub.2).

In a flask was placed 9.24 g of 2-fluorosulfonylbenzenesulfonyl chloride and 200 ml of dry acetonitrile. The resultant solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. An addition funnel was charged with 2 g of azetidine, 4.95 ml of triethylamine and 50 ml of acetonitrile. This solution was added dropwise to the first solution. After stirring overnight the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and 1N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated to give 9.80 g of a solid, m.p. 93.degree. C.

NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 90 MHz).delta.: 2.20 (m, 2H); 4.10 (t, 4H); 7.6-8.50 (m, 4H).

IR (nujol) cm.sup.-1 1360(b); 1165(b)(SO.sub.2).

A mixture of 260 ml of dioxane, 260 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 55 g (0.2683 mole) of N-methyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was heated to 70.degree.-75.degree. C. To this mixture was then added 37.6 ml of Freon 22.RTM. (CF.sub.2 HCl) dropwise over a period of 1 hour. The solution was heated at 70.degree.-75.degree. C. for an additional 12 hours and was then allowed to cool to room temperature while stirring. The reaction mixture was then extracted with one portion of ether and one portion of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, 1N HCl solution and brine. The organic layer was then concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/Hexane 1:1) to yield 29.95 g of N-difluoromethyl-N-methyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide as an oil.

NMR (CDCl.sub.3).delta.: 2.86(3H.s); 7.08(1H, t); 7.4-8.2 (4H, m).

To a mixture of 14.62 ml of n-propylmercaptan, 16.3 g of potassium t-butoxide and 400 ml of DMF at 0.degree. C. was added 27.45 g (0.1076 mole) of N-difluoromethyl-N-methyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in 100 ml of DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days and then at 60.degree. C. for 4 hours. The mixture was then concentrated and the residue was partitioned between 1N HCl solution and methylene chloride. The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (Hexane/chloroform 3:2) to yield 24.63 g of N-difluoromethyl-N-methyl-2-(n-propylthio)benzenesulfonamide as an oil.

NMR (CDCl.sub.3).delta.: 1.05(3H, t); 1.50-1.80 (2H, m); 2.81(3H, s); 2.98(2H, t); 7.18 (1H, t); 7.2-8.05 (4H, m).

To a mixture of 23.08 g (0.078 mole) of N-difluoromethyl-N-methyl-2-(n-propylthio)benzenesulfonamide, 160 ml of acetic acid and 3.0 ml of distilled water at 0.degree. C. was added 16.59 ml of chlorine dropwise over 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice water with a solid precipitating. The solid was washed with water and small amount of pentane to give 20.6 g of material (m.p. 89.degree.-91.degree. C.) after being air dried. The filtrate was extracted with 500 ml of CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2. The CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, and concentrated to give 10.16 g of a light yellow oil. The solid and the oil were then combined and dissolved in 300 ml of anhydrous THF. To this solution was added 50 ml of ammonium hydroxide dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux. After refluxing for 4 hours, an additional 30 ml of ammonium hydroxide was added. The reaction was refluxed for another 12 hours. To this mixture was then added another 50 ml of ammonium hydroxide. The solution was then refluxed for another 12 hours. To the reaction mixture was then added 50 ml of ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was washed with water, dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated. The residue was then triturated with CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 /acetone (1:1) with a solid precipitating. The solid was then collected by filtration to yield 3.93 g of N-difluoromethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide, m.p. 128.degree. C. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel to yield another 8.5 g of the title compound.

NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6).delta.: 2.85 (3H, bs); 7.26 (1H, t); 7.5(2H, bs); 7.75-8.30 (4H, m).

Useful formulations of the compounds of Formula I can be prepared in conventional ways. They include dusts, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates and the like. Many of these may be applied directly. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes of from a few liters to several hundred liters per hectare. High strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation. The formulations, broadly, contain about 0.1% to 99% by weight of active ingredient(s) and at least one of (a) about 0.1% to 20% surfactant(s) and (b) about 1% to 99.9% solid or liquid inert diluent(s). More specifically, they will contain these ingredients in the following approximate proportions:

Lower or higher levels of active ingredient can, of course, be present depending on the intended use and the physical properties of the compound. Higher ratios of surfactant to active ingredient are sometimes desirable, and are achieved by incorporation into the formulation or by tank mixing.

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J., but other solids, either minced or manufactured, may be used. The more absorptive diluents are preferred for wettable powders and the denser ones for dusts. Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, "Solvents Guide," 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. Solubility under 0.1% is preferred for suspension concentrates; solution concentrates are preferably stable against phase separation at 0.degree. C. "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, N.J., as well as Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants and recommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foaming, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth, etc.

The methods of making such compositions are well known. Solutions are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Fine solid compositions are made by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer or fluid energy mill. Suspensions are prepared by wet milling (see, for example, Littler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084). Granules and pellets may be made by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See J. E. Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp. 147ff. and "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973, pp. 8-57ff.

Wettable Powder

N-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide: 80%

sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate: 2%

sodium ligninsulfonate: 2%

synthetic amorphous silica: 3%

kaolinite: 13%

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled until all the solids are essentially under 50 microns, reblended, and packaged.

Wettable Powder

N-[(4-Methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamid e: 50%

sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate: 2%

low viscosity methyl cellulose: 2%

diatomaceous earth: 46%

The ingredients are blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in diameter. The product is reblended before packaging.

Granule

Wettable Powder of Example 11: 5%

attapulgite granules (U.S.S. 20-40 mesh; 0.84-0.42 mm): 95%

A slurry of wettable powder containing 25% solids is sprayed on the surface of attapulgite granules in a double-cone blender. The granules are dried and packaged.

Extruded Pellet

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide: 25%

anhydrous sodium sulfate: 10%

crude calcium ligninsulfonate: 5%

sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate: 1%

calcium/magnesium bentonite: 59%

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled and then moistened with about 12% water. The mixture is extruded as cylinders about 3 mm diameter which are cut to produce pellets about 3 mm long. These may be used directly after drying, or the dried pellets may be crushed to pass a U.S.S. No. 20 sieve (0.84 mm openings). The granules held on a U.S.S. No. 40 sieve (0.42 mm openings) may be packaged for use and the fines recycled.

Low Strength Granule

N,N'-bis[4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamid e: 0.1%

attapulgite granules (U.S.S. 20-40 mesh): 99.9%

The active ingredient is dissolved in a solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double-cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the material is warmed to evaporate the solvent. The material is allowed to cool and then packaged.

Granule

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide: 80%

wetting agent: 1%

crude ligninsulfonate salt (containing 5-20% of the natural sugars): 10%

attapulgite clay: 9%

The ingredients are blended and milled to pass through a 100 mesh screen. This material is then added to a fluid bed granulator, the air flow is adjusted to gently fluidize the material, and a fine spray of water is sprayed onto the fluidized material. The fluidization and spraying are continued until granules of the desired size range are made. The spraying is stopped, but fluidization is continued, optionally with heat, until the water content is reduced to the desired level, generally less than 1%. The material is then discharged, screened to the desired size range, generally 14-100 mesh (1410-149 microns), and packaged for use.

Low Strength Granule

N-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide: 1%

N,N-dimethylformamide 9%

attapulgite granules (U.S.S. 20-40 sieve): 90%

The active ingredient is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the blender is allowed to run for a short period and then the granules are packaged.

Aqueous Suspension

N-[(4-Methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamid e: 40%

polyacrylic acid thickener: 0.3%

dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether: 0.5%

disodium phosphate: 1%

monosodium phosphate: 0.5%

polyvinyl alcohol: 1.0%

water:

The ingredients are blended and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all under 5 microns in size.

Solution

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide, sodium salt: 5%

water: 95%

The salt is added directly to the water with stirring to produce the solution, which may then be packaged for use.

High Strength Concentrate

N,N'-Bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonami de: 99%

silica aerogel: 0.5%

synthetic amorphous silica: 0.5%

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce a material essentially all passing a U.S.S. No. 50 screen (0.3 mm opening). The concentrate may be formulated further if necessary.

Wettable Powder

2-(Azetidin-1-sulfonyl)-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl] benzenesulfonamide: 90%

dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate: 0.1%

synthetic fine silica: 9.9%

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns. The material is sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 screen and then packaged.

Wettable Powder

N-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide: 40%

sodium ligninsulfonate: 20%

montmorillonite clay: 40%

The ingredients are thoroughly blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in size. The material is reblended and then packaged.

Oil Suspension

N-[(4-Methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamid e: 35%

blend of polyalcohol carboxylic esters and oil soluble petroleum sulfonates: 6%

xylene: 59%

The ingredients are combined and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all below 5 microns. The product can be used directly, extended with oils, or emulsified in water.

Dust

2-(Azetidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbony l]benzenesulfonamide: 10%

attapulgite: 10%

Pyrophyllite: 80%

The active ingredient is blended with attapulgite and then passed through a hammer-mill to produce particles substantially all below 200 microns. The ground concentrate is then blended with powdered pyrophyllite until homogeneous.

Oil Suspension

N,N'-bis[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonami de: 25%

polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate: 5%

highly aliphatic hydrocarbon oil: 70%

The ingredients are ground together in a sand mill until the solid particles have been reduced to under about 5 microns. The resulting thick suspension may be applied directly, but preferably after being extended with oils or emulsified in water.

Wettable Powder

N-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-1,2-benzenedisulfonamide: 20%

sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate: 4%

sodium ligninsulfonate: 4%

low viscosity methyl cellulose: 3%

attapulgite: 69%

The ingredients are thoroughly blended. After grinding in a hammer-mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns, the material is reblended and sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 sieve (0.3 mm opening) and packaged.

Test results indicate that the compounds of the present invention are active herbicides. They should have utility for broad-spectrum pre- and/or post-emergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired, such as around fuel storage tanks, ammunition depots, industrial storage areas, parking lots, drive-in theaters, around billboards, highway and railroad structures.

The rates of application for the compounds of the invention are determined by a number of factors, including the types of weeds to be controlled, weather and climate, formulations selected, mode of application, amount of foliage present, etc. In general terms, the subject compounds should be applied at levels of around 0.01 to 10 kg/ha, the lower rates being suggested for use on lighter soils and/or those having a low organic matter content, or for situations where only short-term persistence is required.

The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with any other commercial herbicide; examples of which are those of the triazine, triazole, uracil, urea, amide, diphenylether, carbamate, and bipyridylium types.

The herbicidal properties of the subject compounds were discovered in a number of greenhouse tests. The test procedures and results follow.

Seeds of crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), sorghum, corn, soybean, sugar beet, rice, wheat, and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers were planted and treated pre-emergence with the test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, these crop and weed species, along with cotton and bush bean, were treated with a soil/foilage application. At the time of treatment, the plants ranged in height from 2 to 18 cm. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for sixteen days, after which all species were compared to controls and visually rated for response to treatment. The ratings, summarized in Table A, are based on a numerical scale extending from 0=no injury, to 10=complete kill. The accompanying descriptive symbols have the following meanings:

C=chlorosis/necrosis;

D=defoliation;

E=emergence inhibition;

G=growth retardation;

H=formative effect;

U=unusual pigmentation; and

6Y=abscised buds or flowers. Cmpd. 1 Cmpd. 2 Cmpd. 3 Cmpd. 4 Cmpd. 5 Cmpd. 6 Compound 7 Cmpd. 8 Compound 9 Cmpd. 10 Cmpd. 11 Cmpd. 12 Rate g/ha 400 400 400 400 400 400 50 400 50 50 400 50 50 50 POST-EMERGENCE Bush bean 4C,9G,6Y 4C,9G,6Y 3G 3C,4H 8D,9G,6Y 2C,3H 3C,5G,6Y 3C,7G,6Y 5D,9G,6Y 0 5C,8H,6Y -- -- -- Cotton 4C,9G 5C,9G 3C,7G 0 4C,8G 3C,7G 4C,9G 4C,9G 4C,9G 0 4C,8G 5C,9G 9C 5C,9H Morningglory 3C,6G 5C,9G 5C,9G 0 3C,7G 3C,8H 3C,8G 9C 5C,9G 0 3C,8G 5C,9G 9C 5C,9G Cocklebur 3C,9G 9C 5C,9G 1C,2H 3C,9G 2C,4G 5C,9G 9C 9C 0 8G 10C 9C 5C,9H Sicklepod 3C,8H 5C,9G 5C,9G 1C 3C,6H 3C,6G 5C,9G 9C 9C 0 3C,9G 5C,9G 9C 6C,9G Nutsedge 5G 9C 2C,9G 0 2G 6G 2C,9G 9C 9C 0 3G 3C,8G 9G 3C,8G Crabgrass 3C,8G 9C 9C 1C,2H 4C,9H 3C,9H 9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 4G 4C,9G 3G 2C,8G 3C,8G Barnyardgrass 3C,9H 9C 9C 2C,6H 9C 9C 3C,9H 9C 9C 2C,6H 9C 4C,9H 5C,9H 4C,9H Wild Oats 2C,9G 3C,9G 9C 0 4C,9G 9C 2C,8G 5C,9G 9C 2C 5C,9G 9C 7G 2C,9G Wheat 2C,8G 9G 4U,9G 0 9C 9C 2C,5G 6C,9G 2C,8G 2C,9G 6C,9G 5G 5G 7G Corn 5C,9G 3U,9H 5U,9G 1C,5G 9C 9C 1U,9G 3U,9G 7U,9G 2C,9G 6C,9G 2C,4G 1U,9G 3C,9H Soybean 4C,9G 9C 5C,9G 1C,1H 4C,9G 3C,8H 4C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 1H 4C,9G 3C,7G 5C,9G 5C,9G Rice 6C,9G 6C,9G 5C,9G 3C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 6C,9G 9C 4C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 6C,9G 5C,9G Sorghum 3C,9H 4C,9G 5C,9G 3C,7G 4C,9G 5C,9G 2C,9G 3U,9G 9C 4C,9H 4C,9G 9G 2U,9H 4C,9H Sugar beet 9C 9C 5C,9G 2C,3H 9C 9C 9C 9C 9C 2C,1H 9C 10C 9C 9C PRE-EMERGE NCE Morningglory 8H 9G 9C 0 0 3C,5H 9G 9C 9C 1C 2C 9G 9G 3C,9G Cocklebur 9H 9H 9H -- 2C 2H 9H -- 9H 0 0 8H 9H 9H Sicklepod 8G 5C,9G 9G 3G 2C 3C,8H 2C,9G 5C,9G 9C 2H 2C 2C,8G 9C 5C,9G Nutsedge 5G 10E 9G 0 0 0 9G 10E 10E 0 0 8G 10E 3C,9G Crabgrass 2G 5C,9G 8G 2G 2C,5G 3G 2C,7G 5C,9G 5C,9G 0 2G 0 4G 1C,3G Barnyardgrass 3C,7G 9H 9H 2H 5C,9H 3C,9H 3C,9H 5C,9H 5C,9H 2C,5H 3C,9H 2C,6G 2C,9H 3C,9H Wild Oats 2C,8G 5C,9H 2C,9G 0 4C,9H 2C,9G 2C,9G 6C,9H 2C,9H 0 2C,9G 3C,8H 2C,9G 4C,9G Wheat 2C,9G 5C,9H 3C,9G 0 2C,9H 3C,9G 3C,9H 6C,9H 2C,9G 2H 3C,9H 3C,9H 8G 5C,9H Corn 9H 10H 2C,9G 1C 3C,9H 9H 3C,9H 10E 10H 2C,6G 3C,9H 2C,9G 3C,9H 6C,9H Soybean 2C,2H 9H 9H 0 1C,1H 1C 3C,8H 9H 9H 0 2C 2C,7H 9H 9H Rice 10E 10E 10E 2C 10E 10E 10E 10E 10E 2C,8G 10E 10E 10E 10E Sorghum 6C,9H 5C,9H 2C,9H 2C 5C,9H 5C,9H 5C,9H 6C,9H 7C,9H 4C,6G 3C,9H 7C,9H 4C,9H 5C,9H Sugar beet 5C,9G 10E 10E 2H 3C,8G 2C,8G 4C,9G 10E 9C 0 6H 5C,9G 4C,9G 6C,9G Cotton 2C,9G 3C,9G 2C,9G Cmpd. 13 Cmpd. 14 Cmpd. 15 Cmpd. 16 Cmpd. 17 Cmpd. 18 Cmpd. 19 Cmpd. 20 Rate g/ha 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 POST-EMERGENCE Bush bean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cotton 5C,9G 4C,9H 10C 9C 9C 2C,9G 3C,9H 9C Morningglory 6C,9G 5C,9H 5C,9G 5C,9G 9C 4C,9G 4C,9G 10C Cocklebur 2C,9H 5C,9H 9C 10C 9C 5C,9H 4C,9H 10C Sicklepod 6C,9G 4C,7H 6C,9G 9C 5C,9G 2C,3H 1C 4C,8G Nutsedge 3G 2G 4C,9G 3C,8G 10C 4G 2G 3C,9G Crabgrass 5C,9G 4C,7G 9G 3C,7G 5C,9G 4G 0 2C,5G Barnyardgrass 5C,9H 4C,9H 6C,9G 5C,9G 9C 4C,9H 2C,7G 3C,9H Wild Oats 8G 2G 3C,9G 2C,7G 2C,9G 3C,8G 0 2C,4G Wheat 5G 2G 10C 1G 9C 9H 0 2C,6G Corn 3C,9G 2U,9G 3U,9G 5C,9G 5C,9G 2C,9H 3C,9H 2C,9G Soybean 9C 4C,8H 9C 5C,9G 6C,9G 3C,9G 3C,9H 3C,9G Rice 6C,9G 5C,9G 6C,9G 5C,9G 6C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9H 6C,9G Sorghum 5C,9G 3C,9G 5U,9C 2U,9H 2C,9G 9G 9G 9C Sugar beet 9C 5C,9G 5C,9G 5C,9H 4C,9G 1C,3G 9C 5C,9G PRE-EMERGENCE Morningglory 9C 9C 9G 9G 9H 9C 8H 9C Cocklebur 9H 9H 9H 9H 9H 8H 8H 9C Sicklepod 9G 6C,8H 9G 9G 8G 7G 5G,2C 4C,9G Nutsedge 4G 2G 10E 6G 10E 5G 0 8G Crabgrass 4C,9G 1C 3C,7G 1C 5G 0 0 2C,5G Barnyardgrass 4C,9H 3C,9H 3C,9H 4C,9H 4C,9H 3C,8H 5G 3C,9H Wild Oats 4C,8G 2C,8G 2C,8G 3C,7G 3C,9G 3C,8G 2C 9G Wheat 5C,9G 3G 7C,9H 5G 10E 8G 0 2C,9G Corn 10E 9G 9H 9H 9H 2C,8G 9G 3C,9G Soybean 4C,8H 4C,6H 9H 9H 9H 7H 3C,4H 9H Rice 10E 4C,9H 10E 9H 10E 10E 9H 10E Sorghum 6C,9H 5C,9H 4C,9H 5C,9H 5C,9H 3C,9H 2C,9G 5C,9H Sugar Beet 10E 9C 9G 10E 5C,9G 8G 5C,9G 10E Cotton 5C,9G 3C,8H 3C,9G 3C,9G 9G,3C 8G 8G 3C,9G

Two plastic bulb pans were filled with fertilized and limed Fallsington silt loam soil. One pan was planted with corn, sorghum, Kentucky bluegrass and several grass weeds. The other pan was planted with cotton, soybeans, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and several broadleaf weeds. The following grass and broadleaf weeds were planted: crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), barnyardgrass (Echincholoa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), mustard (Brassica arvensis), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) sicklepod (Cassia tora), teaweed (Sida spinosa), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). A 12.5 cm diameter plastic pot was also filled with prepared soil and planted with rice and wheat. Another 12.5 cm pot was planted with sugar beets. The above four containers were treated pre-emergence with several test compounds within the scope of the invention.

Twenty-eight days after treatment, the plants were evaluated and visually rated for response to the chemical treatments utilizing the rating system described previously for Test A. The data are summarized in Table B.

The test chemical, dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent, was applied in an overall spray to the foliage and surrounding soil of selected plant species. One day after treatment, plants were checked for rapid burn injury. Approximately fourteen days after treatment all species were visually compared to untreated controls and rated for response to treatment. The rating system was as described previously for Test A. The data are presented in Table C.

All plant species were seeded in Woodstown sandy loam soil and grown in a greenhouse. The following species were grown in soil contained in plastic pots (25 cm diameter by 13 cm deep): soybeans, cotton, bush bean, corn, rice, wheat, sorghum, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), and wild oats (Avena fatua). Sunflower and mustard were grown in soil in a paper cup (12 cm diameter by 13 cm deep). Additional plant species, such as johnsongrass and field bindweed are sometimes added to this standard test in order to evaluate unusual selectivity. All plants were sprayed approximately 14 days after planting.

The data show that the compound selected for this test possesses high post-emergence activity.

Postemergence

Two round pans (25 cm diameter by 12.5 cm deep) were filled with Sassafras sandy loam soil. One pan was planted with blackgrass, sugar beets, nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers, crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), teaweed (Sida spinosa), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberii). The other pan was planted with wheat, cotton, rice, corn, soybean, wild oats (Avena fatua), cocklebur (Xantium pensylvanicum), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli). The plants were grown for approximately fourteen days, then sprayed post-emergence with the chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent.

Pre-emergence

Two round pans (25 cm diameter by 12.5 cm deep) were filled with Sassafras sandy loam soil. One pan was planted with blackgrass, sugar beets, nutsedge, crabgrass, sicklepod, teaweed, jimsonweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. The other pan was planted with wheat, cotton, rice, corn, soybeans, wild oats, cocklebur, morningglory, johnsongrass, and barnyardgrass. The two pans were sprayed pre-emergence with the chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent.

Treated plants and controls were maintained in the greenhouse for 28 days, then all treated plants were compared to controls and visually rated for plant response utilizing the rating system as described previously for Test A.

Response ratings are contained in Table D. Compound 10 Compound 11 Compound 12 Compound 13 Compound 14 Compound 15 C ompound 16 Rate g/ha 62 16 4 62 16 4 1 62 16 4 62 16 4 62 16 4 62 16 4 62 16 4 1 POST-EMERGENCE Corn 0 0 0 5G 4G 2G 0 9G 3G 0 10G 9G 7G 10G 9G 5G 10C 9G 4G 10C 10C 7G 3G Wheat 0 0 0 5G 2G 0 0 5G 2G 0 0 0 0 2G 0 0 10C 10C 3G 0 0 0 0 Rice 10G 9G 6G 10G 8G 5G 3G 10G 9G 7G 10G 9G 5G 10G 9G 5G 10C 10C 10C 10G 5G 3G 0 Soybean 6G 3G 0 10G 10G 10G 8G 10G 10G 6G 7G 8G 6G 10G 7G 3G 10C 10C 10C 10G 10G 7G 7G Cotton 9G 6G 2G 10G 10G 8G 3G 10G 9G 5G 9G 8G 5G 10G 8G 3G 10C 10C 9G 10G 10G 8G 5G Sugar beet 8G 3G 0 10G 9G 0 0 10G 9G 2G 10G 8G 4G 10G 10G 9G 7G 6G 4G 9G 6G 2G 0 Crabgrass 4G 0 0 4G 0 0 0 5G 0 0 8G 0 0 6G 2G 0 3G 3G 0 3G 0 0 0 Johnsongrass 9G 7G 4G 7G 4G 2G 0 9G 6G 2G 9G 2G 0 9G 5G 0 10C 7G 3G 10G 5G 0 0 Blackgrass 10G 10G 5G 10G 9G 7G 2G 10G 9G 7G 10G 10G 4G 10G 10G 9G 10C 10C 8G 9G 8G 7G 3G Barnyardgrass 8G 5G 3G 7G 5G 2G 0 9G 6G 2G 5G 0 0 9G 6G 0 10C 9G 5G 10G 5G 0 0 Nutsedge 9G 2G 0 9G 4G 0 0 5G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9G 8G 6G 2G 0 0 0 Giant Foxtail 9G 4G 0 5G 2G 0 0 6G 4G 0 5G 0 0 8G 4G 0 10C 7G 5G 4G 2G 0 0 Wild Oats 6G 2G 0 5G 2G 0 0 8G 5G 0 7G 2G 0 4G 0 0 2G 2G 0 3G 0 0 0 Cocklebur 9G 5G 2G 10G 9G 7G 0 10G 10G 5G 8G 5G 0 10G 9G 5G 10C 10C 7G 10C 10G 9G 8G Morningglory 8G 3C 0 10G 10G 8G 3G 10G 8G 5G 7G 9G 3G 10G 9G 6G 10C 10C 9G 10G 10G 8G 3G Teaweed 6G 3G 0 5G 2G 0 0 8G 5G 0 7G 2G 0 6G 2G 0 8G 4G 0 7G 3G 0 0 Sicklepod 8G 7G 3G 10G 10G 5G 0 9G 7G 2G 9G 2G 0 9G 4G 0 6G 3G 0 4G 3G 0 0 Jimsonweed 3G 0 0 9G 3G 0 0 10G 8G 2G 6G 2G 0 9G 6G 3G 10C 10C 4G 10C 10G 8G 5G Velvetleaf 9G 9G 4G 10G 10G 10G 7G 10G 9G 8G 10G 8G 5G 10G 8G 4G 10C 10C 7G 10G 10G 9G 4G Rate g/ha 250 62 16 62 16 4 62 16 4 62 16 4 1 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 PRE-EMERGENCE Corn 7G 2G 0 8G 4G 0 9G 7G 2G 9G 4G 0 0 9G 9G 8G 2G 10G 9G 3G 0 10G 9G 7G 2G Wheat 8G 6G 4G 5G 2G 0 7G 4G 0 0 0 00 2G 0 0 0 10G 9G 5G 2G 0 9G 0 0 Rice 10G 10G 9G 10G 10G 8G 10G 10G 7G 10E 10E 9G3G 10E 10E 10E 7G 10E 10E 10E 9G 10E 10E 9G 5G Soybean 5G 2G 0 9G 4G 0 9G 6G 2G 7G 2G 00 9G 8G 3G 0 9G 8G 6G 3G 10G 9G 7G 3G Cotton 9G 8G 2G 7G 0 0 8G 4G 0 6G 3G 00 8G 6G 2C 0 9G 4G 2G 0 9G 8G 4G 0 Sugar beet 10G 9G 4G 9G 3G 0 10G 7G 4G 9G 8G 2G0 10G 10G 7G 2G 10G 7G 2G 0 10G 10G 9G 6G Crabgrass 7G 6G 0 7G 4G 0 9G 7G 3G 9G 5G 2G0 7G 8G 4G 0 9G 6G 4G 2G 9G 5G 0 0 Johnsongrass 10G 9G 7G 9G 6G 0 10G 9G 9G 8G 6G 3G0 9G 9G 7G 4G 10C 9G 7G 4G 8C 7G 5G 0 Blackgrass 10G 10G 8G 10G 8G 5G 10G 9G 7G 10E 8G 5G0 10E 10E 9G 7G 10E 10E 9G 8G 10E 8G 8G 5G Barnyardgrass 9G 8G 5G 9G 6G 2G 9G 8G 3G 7G 3G 00 9G 9G 5G 0 10G 9G 8G 4G 10G 9G 5G 0 Nutsedge 9G 6G 2G 9G 6G 2G 8G 6G 3G 5G 0 00 4G 2G 0 0 10E 9G 8G 4G 9G 6G 4G 2G Giant Foxtail 10G 9G 5G -- -- -- -- -- -- 5G 0 00 9G 7G 4G 0 10E 10E 9G 6G 10G 2G 0 0 Wild Oats 9G 7G 5G 8G 4G 0 9G 7G 4G 2G 0 00 6G 5G 2G 0 8G 6G 2G 0 6G 3G 0 0 Cocklebur 9G 9G 3G 9G 7G 6G 10G 8G 6G 3G 0 00 10G 8G 3G 0 10G 9G 7G 3G 10G 10G 9G 7G Morningglory 9G 7G 2G 4G 0 0 8G 3G 0 3G 0 00 4G 4G 0 0 10G 9G 3G 0 10G 9G 6G 2G Teaweed 8G 7G 3G 7G 2G 0 8G 4G 0 6G 4G 2G0 7G 7G 2G 0 9G 6G 4G 2G 10G 9G 3G 3G Sicklepod 8G 5G 0 8G 3G 0 9G 2G 0 9G 6G 3G0 9G 9G 8G 3G 6G 3G 0 0 10G 6G 2G 0 Jimsonweed 9G 7G 4G 8G 6G 2G 9G 7G 2G 7G 3G 00 10G 9G 9G 3G 10E 8G 6G 0 10G 10G 8G 4G Velvetleaf 9G 7G 3G 10G 3G 0 10G 8G 3G 8G 2G 00 10G 9G 2G 0 9G 5G 0 0 10G 7G 4G 2G Compound 17 Compound 18 Compound 19 Compound 20 Rate g/ha 62 16 4 1 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 POST-EMERGENCE Corn 10G 9G 6G 2G 10G 7G 3G 0 10G 10G 7G 2G 10C 10C 10G 6 G Wheat 3G 0 0 0 6G 2G 0 0 0 0 0 0 2G 0 0 0 Rice 10G 9G 8G 4G 10G 10G 7G 3G 10G 10G 9G 5G 10C 10G 8G 3G Soybean 10G 10C 10C 7G 10G 8G 7G 3G 10G 10G 7G 3G 10G 10G 10G 8G Cotton 9G 10C 6G 2G 10G 8G 7G 3G 9G 8G 3G 0 10C 10G 8G 6G Sugar beet 10G 9G 10G 7G 9G 6G 2G 0 10C 10C 10C 6G 10C 10C 10C 10C Crabgrass 4G 2G 2G 0 0 0 0 0 4G 0 0 0 10C 7G 3G 0 Johnsongrass 10C 10G 9G 3G 10C 3G 0 0 9G 3G 0 0 10C 7G 4G 0 Blackgrass 10C 10C 8G 5G 10C 5G 0 0 10C 9G 5G 0 10C 10C 10C 5G Barnyardgrass 8G 8G 7G 4G 9G 3G 0 0 9G 5G 0 0 10C 10G 6G 2G Nutsedge 7C 6C 4G 0 8C 5C 0 0 3G 0 0 0 5G 2G 0 0 Giant Foxtail 6G 5G 3G 0 5G 0 0 0 4G 2G 0 0 9G 7G 3G 0 Wild Oats 2G 0 0 0 7G 0 0 0 4G 0 0 0 3G 0 0 0 Cocklebur 10C 10C 9G 2G 10G 9G 7G 3G 10G 10G 7G 3G 10C 10C 10G 9G Morningglory 10C 10C 7G 3G 10G 8G 6G 3G 8G 6G 3G 0 10C 10C 9G 6G Teaweed 7G 4G 0 0 7G 2G 0 0 5G 2G 0 0 9G 7G 5G 0 Sicklepod 7G 4G 0 0 7G 3G 0 0 6G 3G 0 0 9G 10G 4G 0 Jimsonweed 7G 4G 0 0 8G 4G 0 0 9G 7G 6G 3G 10C 10C 9G 8G Velvetleaf 10G 9G 3G 2G 10G 5G 0 0 9G 7G 4G 2G 10C 10C 10C 5G Rate g/ha 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 250 62 16 4 250 62 16 4 PRE-EMERGENCE Corn 10G 10G 9G 3G 10G 2G 0 9G 8G 2G 0 10E 10G 9G 5G Wheat 9G 8G 4G 0 7G 2G 0 0 0 0 0 4G 0 0 0 Rice 10E 10E 10E 8G 10E 9G 6G 10E 10E 9G 3G 10E 10E 9G 8G Soybean 9G 9G 5G 3G 9G 3G 0 9G 7G 4G 2G 10G 9G 8G 5G Cotton 9G 4G 0 0 6G 0 0 5G 3G 0 0 10G 9G 6G 0 Sugar beet 9G 7G 5G 0 9G 4G 2G 10G 8G 3G 0 10E 10G 8G 7G Crabgrass 9G 7G 3G 0 5G 0 0 4G 0 0 0 9G 8G 3G 0 Johnsongrass 10C 9G 8G 4G 10G 6G 3G 8G 5G 2G 0 10G 10G 7G 2G Blackgrass 10E 10G 9G 6G 10E 9G 5G 10G 9G 4G 0 10E 10E 10E 4G Barnyardgrass 10G 10G 9G 5G 10G 5G 0 7G 5G 0 0 10G 9G 7G 0 Nutedge 9G 7G 6G 0 7G 5G 0 5G 3G 0 0 7G 7G 4G 0 Giant Foxtail 10G 10G 9G 7G 10G 3G 0 4G 0 0 0 9G 8G 5G 0 Wild Oats 9G 5G 0 0 7G 3G 0 3G 0 0 0 6G 3G 0 0 Cocklebur 9G 9G 9G 4G 9G 3G 0 8G 8G 4G 0 10G 10G 9G 5G Moringglory 9G 8G 5G 2G 6G 3G 0 6G 3G 0 0 10G 10G 5G 2G Teaweed 9G 9G 6G 3G 8G 4G 0 8G 2G 0 0 10G 8G 4G 0 Sicklepod 9G 7G 3G 0 5G 2G 2G 7G 2G 0 0 10G 7G 3G 0 Jimsonweed 10G 9G 8G 3G 8G 3G 0 6G 4G 0 0 10G 10G 9G 3G Velvetleaf 10G 8G 5G 0 7G 2G 0 6G 0 0 0 10G 10G 5G 0

Two plastic pans lined with polyethylene liners were filled with prepared Woodstown sandy loam soil. One pan was planted with seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wild oats (Avena fatua), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), annual bluegrass (Poa annua), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus). The other pan was planted with seeds of Russian thistle (Salsola kali), cleavers (Galium aparine), speedwell (Veronica persica), kochia (Kochia scoparia), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Matricaria inodora, black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris). The above two pans were treated pre-emergence. At the same time two pans in which the above plant species were growing were treated post-emergence. Plant height at the time of treatment ranged from 1-20 cm depending on plant species.

The compounds applied were diluted with a nonphytotoxic solvent and sprayed over-the-top of the pans. An untreated control and a solvent alone control were included for comparison. All treatments were maintained in the greenhouse for 19-22 days at which time the treatments were compared to the controls and the effects visually rated. The recorded data are presented in Table E.