US 4,767,794 AGrant
Low Density Silicone Foam
Issue Date:1988-08-30
•40 Claims
Abstract
Amine compounds are added to foamable elastomeric silicone foam to reduce foam density.
Metadata
Assignee
- General Electric Company
Inventors
- Frank J. Modic
- Richard A. Striker
- Wayne L. Delker
- Richard K. Sammel
Application Information
Application Number:US 113292&
Filing Date:1987-10-26
Priority Date:1987-10-26
Art Unit:153
Classifications
IPC:
C08J 902
Field of Search:
52182
Patent Drawings
This patent does not have any drawings.
Description
The present invention relates to low density silicone foam. More particularly, the present invention relates to low density silicone foam which is produced by simultaneous vinyl addition and hydride/hydroxy reactions in the presence of certain amine compounds.
Background of the Invention
Elastomeric silicone foams are well known and have a variety of uses, including thermal insulation, electrical insulation, flame barrier, cushioning applications, etc. Elastomeric silicone foams have excellent physical properties and in addition to the above uses are suitable and desirable for use in many additional applications. However, there is a problem with elastomeric silicone foam that it is expensive and at 15-25 lb/ft.sup.3, the ability to reduce price is limited by the basic costs of silicone material.
The technical advances necessary to significantly reduce the basic cost of silicone material are not on the horizon, thus it is clear that to immediately reduce the cost of elastomeric silicone foam it is necessary to reduce the density of the foam. Although this may seem to be a simple matter of adding additional blowing agent, etc., it is an aspect of elastomeric silicone foam as presently used that density is not easily lowered. The reasons for this are apparent with a review of silicone foam technology.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,705, Smith, discloses that elastomeric silicone foams may be produced with a single reaction that both cross-links to cure the composition as well as produces hydrogen gas to blow the foam. This reaction takes place between a silanol and silicon hydride. Optionally, there can be added a vinyl containing silicone that will simultaneously cross-link through addition with a silicon hydride without gas generation. Obviously, this is a convenient method to produce silicone foam. It is also true, however, that gas generation must be proportional to cross-linking or cure rate and therefore density is difficult to control.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,545, Modic, produces silicone foam compositions by adding water. For example, water could be added to a composition of a vinyl containing siloxane, a hydride containing siloxane and platinum to generate gas at a rate only indirectly related to cross-linking rate. The water reacts with hydride containing siloxane to produce hydrogen gas and silanol. Silanol reacts with hydride containing siloxane to cross-link and produce a second molecule of hydrogen gas. A vinyl addition reaction with silicone hydride will cross-link the composition simultaneously. Thus, a major advantage of Modic is that gas is produced without the addition of silanol and with only small amounts of water.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,157, Modic, reduces density and strengthens silicone foam by adding a resinous copolymer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,367, Baumann, et al., reduces density by using a combination of silanol and water.
Accordingly, it is desirable to modify the elastomeric silicone foams in use so that the self-blowing characteristics can be retained yet controlled independently of cure. It is also desirable that appropriate cell size be maintained with increased gas generation and that foam strength and other physical properties are not more than proportionally effected at lower elastomeric silicone foam densities.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to produce an elastomeric silicone foam having a reduced density.
It is another object of the present invention to produce such a foam with uniform cells and comparatively good strength and elongation.
It is yet another object of the present invention to produce a method to reduce the density of elastomeric silicone foam.
These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by means of the disclosure set forth hereinbelow.
Summary of the Invention
Briefly, there is provided by the present invention a foamable composition comprising:
(a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such that the polymer contains from 0.0002 to 3% weight vinyl and x varies such that the viscosity of the polymer varies from 100 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C.;
(b) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a hydride polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of, independently, hydrogen, alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, haloalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and simultaneously a single --O-- to form a cyclic polymer, and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and fluoroalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, where the hydride polysiloxane has a hydrogen content varying from 0.3 to 1.6% by weight and z and y vary such that the polymer has a viscosity varying from 1 to 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.;
(c) a hydroxyl source selected from the group consisting of water, organic alcohol, hydroxylated siloxane, and combinations thereof in an amount to provide a molar ratio of from about 0.02/1 to about 5/1 of hydroxyl radicals to silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of component (b);
(d) from about 1 to about 250 parts per million of platinum catalyst; and
(e) an amount of amine compound effective to lower foam density of the formula:
wherein R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In the vinyl-containing polysiloxane, component (a) as shown in formula (1) R and R.sup.1 may be substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with the proviso that there is controlled vinyl substitutiion and controlled viscosity. The vinyl substitution should range from about 0.0002 to 3% by weight and preferably, from about 0.001 to about 1% by weight. Viscosity should vary from about 100 to about 1,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C. and preferably, from about 2500 to 500,000 centipoise. Although a polymer having a broader range of vinyl content will operate in the present invention, the more limited vinyl concentration given above will allow for a reaction that proceeds at an appropriate rate, that is not too slow and allow for proper cross-linking in the polymer to produce cured elastomeric silicone foam. With respect to the preferred range of viscosity, as can be appreciated, it is preferred that the viscosity not be too high, otherwise the composition is difficult to handle and will not foam well. The vinyl-containing polymer will form the major part of the foamable composition and thus the viscosity will be important to the viscosity of the final composition.
Substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of R and R.sup.1 may be selected from alkyl radicals, methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.; cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, etc; mononuclear aryl radicals such as phenyl, methyl phenyl, ethylphenyl, etc.; aklenyl radicals such as vinyl, allyl, etc. and more preferably vinyl and other well known substituent groups for diorganopolysiloxane polymers. Preferably the R and R.sup.1 radicals are selected from the class consisting of alkyl radicals of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals such as phenyl; vinyl radicals and halogenated hydrocarbon radicals such as fluoroalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as, for instance 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl. Most preferably R.sup.1 radicals are selected from methyl radicals, phenyl radicals, vinyl radicals and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl radicals where the polymer has the foregoing vinyl substitution and R is vinyl. Although vinyl-containing polysiloxane where the vinyl units appear only on the siloxane chain can be used to produce silicone foam, the physical properties are not as good as where there is terminal vinyl substitution. A particularly preferred polymer has only terminal vinyl substitution, i.e. where R is vinyl and R.sup. 1 is methyl, phenyl, and/or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl.
Vinyl-containing polysiloxanes are well known in the art and may be produced by a variety of methods, for instance, by equilibrating cyclic polysiloxanes with or without vinyl substitution in the presence of appropriate amounts of vinyl substituted chainstopper. Further details for production of vinyl-substituted polysiloxanes may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,425,967 to Modic. Further suitable vinyl-containing polysiloxanes may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,599,367; 4,418,157 and 3,923,705, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
For each 100 parts by weight of vinyl-containing polysiloxane, component (a), there should be present in the foamable composition from about 1 to 50 parts by weight of hydride polysiloxane, component (b), and preferably, from about 5 to 30 parts by weight. As shown above in formula (2), R.sup.2 may be independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl radical from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl radical of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or simultaneously a single --O-- to form a cyclic polymer and R.sup.3 may be selected from the same radicals as R.sup.2 absent hydrogen and oxygen. It is preferred that the hydride polysiloxane have a hydrogen content ranging from about 0.3 to about 1.6% by weight and as shown in formula (2), z and y vary to provide a viscosity ranging from 1 to 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C. The hydride content is not critical but such a content substantially less than about 0.3% by weight of the hydride polysiloxane may not provide sufficient hydrogen in the foamable composition to react with the hydroxy source and liberate hydrogen gas as well as react and cross-link with vinyl molecules of the vinyl-containing polysiloxane. The result will of course be a poorly blown and undercured foam. Likewise, viscosity of the hydride polysiloxane is not critical, but higher viscosity materials may be difficult to obtain and utilize. Preferably, viscosity ranges from about 5 to about 250 centipoise at 25.degree. C. and most preferably from about 5 to 100 centipoise.
As seen in formula (2) above, it is critical that the hydride polysiloxane contain hydrogen on the siloxane chain. It is optional that hydrogen atoms are a substituent on terminal siloxy atoms. If there are no hydrogen atoms in the polymer chain of the hydride polysiloxanes, then a proper silicone foam is not obtained. Accordingly, a hydride polymer with only hydrogen radicals on terminal siloxy atoms will not work to form a silicone foam in the composition of the instant case.
A hydroxyl source is necessary to properly blow the foamable composition. The source of hydroxyl may be selected from any of water, organic alcohol or silanol or mixtures thereof.
Suitable silanols include any hydroxylated organosiloxane or hydroxylated organosiloxane mixture having an average of 1 to 2.5 silicon-bonded hydroxyl radicals per molecule. The organo radicals can be any radical described above for R and R.sup.1. The silanols may be homopolymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof. It is preferred that the silanol contain at least one organic radical in a molecular per silicon atom. Examples of suitable silanols include hydroxyl end-blocked polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxyl end-blocked polydiorganosiloxane having siloxane units of dimethylsiloxane and phenylmethylsiloxane, hydroxyl end-blocked polymethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane and hydroxyl end-blocked polyorganosiloane having siloxane units of monomethylsiloxane, dimethylsiloxane, with the monomethylsiloxane units supplying "on-chain" hydroxyl groups. The silanol also includes mixtures of hydroxylated organosiloxane polymers and hydroxylated organosilanes, such as mixture of hydroxyl end-blocked polydimethylsiloxane and diphenylmethylsilanol.
Organic alcohols suitable for use herein may be substituted or unsubstituted, mono or polyols, preferably having from about 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Substituent groups may serve to increase the solubility of the alcohol or to improve the dispersability of an insoluble species. Preferred organic alcohols include ethanol, propanol, butanol, lauryl alcohol, octyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, etc.
Each of the above enumerated hydroxyl sources may react with hydrogen of the hydride polysiloxane to produce hydrogen gas. Although this reaction is common and required of any hydroxyl source utilized, the by-product of the reaction may differ and produce other benefits or require attention as known to the art. Water will react with the hydride function to produce a hydroxyl function which can further react with a second hydride to produce additional gas and a cross-link site. Thus, where water is employed, additional gas will be generated as a benefit, but gassing after cure may occur. Silanol, due to good solubility in the composition characteristically produces gas immediately but may lead to problems of premature gelation. Organic alcohol does not as easily react with the hydride function and thus is generally used in silanol or water combinations. Silanol and water combinations have also been found particularly beneficial. Persons skilled in the art are familiar with each of the above. For further teaching there are U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,189,545; 4,418,157; 4,599,367; and 3,923,705, hereby incorporated by reference.
Depending on the hydroxyl source used there should be from about 0.02/1 to about 5/1 moles hydroxyl radicals employed from the hydroxyl source for each silicone-bonded hydrogen atom in the hydride polysiloxane of component (b). Of course, this ratio is broadly stated, particularly at the upper boundary in view of the fact that hydride functions must be available to react with vinyl functions for cross-linking and should not be consumed by hydroxy functions. However, where water or difunctional hydroxyl compounds are used and much cross-linking takes place through hydroxy/hydride reactions or where vinyl concentration is very high, then the hydroxyl function to hydride function ratio may also be high. Preferably however, the ratio of hydroxyl radicals to hydride radicals should vary between about 0.02/1 to 1/1 and more preferably between about 0.05/1 to about 0.5/1.
Suitable platinum compound for use as the catalyst herein are well known. The preferred platinum catalysts are soluble in the present reaction mixture. The platinum compound can be selected from those having the formula (PtCl.sub.2.Olefin).sub.2 and H(PtCl.sub.3.Olefin) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,159,601, Ashby. The olefin shown in the previous two formulas can be almost any type of olefin but is preferably an alkenylene having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenylene having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms or styrene. Specific olefins utilizable in the above formulas are ethylene, propylene, the various isomers of butylene, octylene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, etc.
A further platinum containing material usable in the composition of the present invention is the platinum chloride cyclopropane complex (PtCl.sub.2 C.sub.3 H.sub.6).sub.2 described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,159,662, Ashby. Still further, the patent containing material can be a complex formed from chloroplatinic acid with up to 2 moles per gram of platinum of a member selected from the class consisting of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and mixtures of the above as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,972, Lamoreaux.
The preferred platinum compound to be used not only as a platinum catalyst, but also as a flame retardant additive is that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,775,452, Karstedt. Generally speaking, this type of platinum complex is formed by reacting chloroplatinic acid containing 4 moles of water of hydration with tetramethyltetravinylcyclosiloxane in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in an ethanol solution.
Finally, in the process of the instant case there is utilized generally from 1 to 250 parts per million of a platinum catalyst and more preferably 1 to 200 parts per million of a platinum catalyst. It is more preferred to utilize a stabilized platinum complex in the process of the instant case since it disperses in the ingredients much more easily and as such results in faster reaction time.
Amine compound suitable and effective to lower foam density has the general formula:
where R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted silyl. As is well known in the art, amine compounds where more than one group is hydroxy are unstable and difficult to manufacture. Further, ammonia is not generally known as an amine. Thus, up to one R.sup.4 may be hydroxy and up to two R.sup.4 may be hydrogen or at least one R.sup.4 must be selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
Suitable amine compounds characterized by R.sup.4 being hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms include hydroxy amines, for example, diethyl hydroxyl amine and primary secondary and tertiary amines, for example H.sub.2 NC.sub.3 H.sub.6 Si (OEt).sub.3, H.sub.2 NC.sub.3 H.sub.6 NHC.sub.3 H.sub.6 Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3, (Me.sub.2 N).sub.2 --C=NC.sub.3 H.sub.6 Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3, (Me.sub.2 N).sub.2 --C=NC.sub.4 H.sub.9, tetramethylpiperidine, piperidine, N-Methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N-Methylipiperidine, N-hexylamine, tributylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, Di-n-hexylamine, triethylamine, benzylamine, dipropylamine, N-ethylphenylamine, dimethyl soya amines, tetramethyl guanidine, N-methylmorpholine, etc.
Suitable amine compounds characterized by R.sup.4 being silyl include compounds where R.sup.4 is a substituted or unsubstituted silyl hydrocarbon or monovalent silicone polymer. Preferred such amine compounds are the silyl hydrocarbon type including hexamethyldisilazane, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiNHCH.sub.3, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiNHC.sub.2 H.sub.5, ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 Si).sub.2 NCH.sub.3, ((C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3 Si).sub.2 NH, ((CH.sub.3).sub.2 SiNH).sub.3. As seen, R.sup.4 may join to form cyclic structures.
It is preferred that the amine compound be soluble in foamable composition. A soluble amine compound will be more easily dispersed and, of course, if totally soluble have no discrete micelles to hinder contact with the composition. It is preferred that the amine have a solubility in components (a) and (b) ranging from about 0.1 millimole/liter to infinitely soluble.
A large amount of amine compound in the foamable composition is neither necessary nor desirable. Therefore, there should be added from about 0.0005 to about 1 parts by weight amine compound based on 100 parts by weight components (a), (b) and (c). Preferably there are added from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts amine compound as above.
Optionally the foamable composition herein may contain from 0 to 200 parts by weight by a filler, which may be either an extending or reinforcing filler. It should be noted that extending fillers are preferred since reinforcing filler such as fumed silica and precipitated silica when incorporated into the composition in any concentration unduly increase the viscosity of the composition, thus making it difficult to handle and to pour. However, fumed silica and precipitated silica have the advantages of increasing the physical properties, that is, the tensile strength as well as the tear of the silicone elastomeric foam that is formed from the composition.
Accordingly in the more referred embodiment of the instant case there is utilized from 10 to 100 parts of filler based on 100 parts of the vinyl-containing base polymer. The filler may be selected from the class consisting of reinforcing fillers and extending fillers, and more preferably just extending fillers. A preferred extending filler that may be utilized in the instant composition which does not unduly increase the viscosity of the uncured composition is ground quartz. Ground quartz has the additional advantage that to some extent it increases the burn resistance properties of the cured silicone foam that is produced from the composition. Other extending fillers that may be utilized in the instant compositions are, for instance, titanium dioxide, lithopone, zinc oxide, zirconium silicate, silica aerogel, iron oxide, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, glass fibers, magnesium oxide, chromic oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, alpha quartz, calcined clay, carbon, graphite, etc.
It should be noted if reinforcing fillers are used such as fumed silica and precipitated silica, that in order to keep the viscosity increase in the composition as low as possible such filler, even the extending fillers, may be treated, for instance, with cyclicpolysiloxanes or silazanes. The disclosure in which silica fillers may be treated, for instance, with cyclicpolysiloxanes is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 2,938,009, Lucas, which is hereby incorporated by reference. However, such is only one method of treating reinforcing fillers and other methods with other agents are also available in the art.
Another method of treating reinforcing fillers is, for instance, to be found in Brown, U.S. Pat. No. 3,024,126, disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference; Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,743 and Beers, U.S. Pat. No. 3,837,878. Such ingredients such as cyclicpolysiloxanes may also be utilized to treat extending fillers such as, ground quartz, with some advantage since such treatment does also alleviate the viscosity increase caused by extending fillers. However, as stated previously, the most preferred filler for utilization to produce silicone foam of the instant case, is ground quartz. Quartz enhances the burn resistant properties of the composition as well as imparting some enhanced physical properties to the final cured silicone foam.
The foamable composition is generally used and stored as a two-part composition. The platinum catalyst is incorporated, preferably, in the vinyl-containing polysiloxane. The hydroxyl source may be added to the vinyl-containing polysiloxane and incorporated in the hydride polysiloxane. Again, preferably, the hydroxyl source is incorporated into the vinyl-containing polysiloxane to prevent a chance of premature reaction, and since there is more vinyl-containing material, the incorporation is easier. It should also be appreciated that the hydroxyl source could constitute a third component. The amine compound, like the platinum catalyst, should be incorporated into the vinyl-containing polysiloxane. The amine compound may be dispersed on the surface of a filler and so added to the appropriate part of the composition. The amine compound is dispersed on a filler by simply dipping or spraying the filler with amine compound or solution and subsequently drying with gentle heat or vacuum.
When it is desired to form the silicone foam, the hydride polysiloxane is rapidly mixed with the vinyl-containing polysiloxane containing the hydroxyl source, platinum, and amine compound, and the composition is poured into the desired cavity and allowed to stand. The composition will begin to crosslink and generate gas simultaneously to blow and cure to an elastomeric silicone foam having a density of less than 14 lb./ft..sup.3.
It is sometimes desired to have a certain amount of work life or pot life in the mixed composition to its cure. Accordingly, for such purposes, it is normal to use an inhibitor. It has been found that to the compositions of the instant case there is desirably used at least 200 parts per million based on the total composition of an inhibitor including a vinyl-containing cyclictetrasiloxane such as tetra methyl tetra-vinylcyclopolysiloxane, malleates or vinyl acetylene compounds. When added to the composition inhibitors give the consumption some work life or pot life. Preferably inhibitors are added to the composition at a concentration of anywhere from 100 parts per million to 10,000 parts per million based on the total composition so as to give to the composition work life varying anywhere from 5 to 20 minutes at room temperature. Smaller amounts of inhibitor does not give an appreciable increase of work life at room temperature of the composition and larger amounts of the inhibitor may be used than 10,000 parts per million, per weight of the composition. However such has not been found to be necessary.
Of course additional additives for foam are well known. Carbon black, pigment, glass fibers, etc. may be added according to the skill of the art. Particularly preferred additives are MQ or MDQ resins with vinyl functions to lower density and increase strength. The addition of these resins is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,157 incorporated herein by reference.
Examples
The examples below are given for the purpose of illustrating the practice of the above invention. They are not given for any purpose of setting limitations and defining the scope of the invention as set forth in the specification and claims. All parts are by weight.
Examples 1-7
A two part foamable composition was mixed as follows. Gel time is the time required for the foam to begin to become elastomeric in character.
A 10:1 ratio of Part A: Part B is blended with (CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2).sub.2 NOH, diethylhydroxyl amine, to form a foamable composition in the amounts shown in Table 1 and poured into a mold at room temperature. In blending the foamable composition, the diethylhydroxyl amine, DEHA, is blended with Part A.
Examples 8-12
The procedure and ingredients of Examples 1-7 were repeated except DEHA was replaced with the compounds and amounts shown in Table 2.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A foamable composition comprising: (a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR3## where R and R.sup.1 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such that the polymer contains from 0.0002 to 3% by weight vinyl and x varies such that the viscosity of the polymer varies from 100 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (b) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a hydride polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR4## where R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of independently, hydrogen, alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, haloalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and simultaneously, a single --O-- to form a cyclic polymer and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and fluoroalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, where the hydride polysiloxane has a hydrogen content varying from 0.3 to 1.6% by weight and z and y vary such that the polymer has a viscosity varying from 1 to 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (c) a hydroxyl source selected from the group consisting of water, organic alcohol, hydroxylated siloxane, and combinations thereof in an amount to provide a molar ratio of from about 0.02/1 to about 5/1 of hydroxyl radicals to silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of component (b); (d) from about 1 to about 250 parts per million of platinum catalyst; and (e) an amount of amine compound effective to lower foam density of the formula: wherein R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said vinyl-containing polysiloxane contains from about 0.001 to about 1% by weight vinyl.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said x varies such that the viscosity of the polymer varies from 2500 to 500,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein R and R.sup.1 are selected from the class consisting of alkyl radicals of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, vinyl radicals, and halogenated hydrocarbon radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein R is vinyl and R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, phenyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl.
6. The composition of claim 1 which contains from 5 to 30 parts by weight component (b).
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydride polysiloxane has a viscosity between about 5 and 100 centipoise at 25.degree. C.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydroxyl source is selected from the group consisting of water and combinations of water with organic alcohol or hydroxylated siloxane.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydroxyl source is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated siloxane and combinations of hydroxylated siloxane with water or organic alcohol.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein said hydroxylated siloxane has an average of from greater than 1 to 2.5 silicon-bonded hydroxyl radicals per molecule.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said organic alcohol is a substituted or unsubstituted alcohol having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein organic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, lauryl alcohol, octyl alcohol and ethylene glycol.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the ratio of hydroxyl radicals to hydride radicals varies between 0.02/1 and 1/1.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein at most one R.sup.4 is hydroxy and at least one R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said amine has a solubility in components (a) and (b) ranging upward from about 0.1 millimole/liter.
16. The composition of claim 1 which contains from about 0.0005 to 1 parts by weight of amine compound.
17. The composition of claim 1 which contains from about 0.001 to about 0.1 parts by weight of amine compound.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein said substituted or unsubstituted silyl is a substituted or unsubstituted silyl hydrocarbon.
19. The composition of claim 10 wherein said amine compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylhydroxylamine, isopropylamine, hexamethyldisilazane, and triethanolamine.
20. A silicone foam comprising the reaction product of: (a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR5## where R and R.sup.1 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such that the polymer contains from 0.0002 to 3% by weight vinyl and x varies such that the viscosity of the polymer varies from 100 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (b) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a hydride polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR6## where R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of, independently, hydrogen, alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, haloalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and simultaneously, a single --O-- to form a cyclic polymer, and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and fluoroalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, where the hydride polysiloxane has a hydrogen content varying from 0.3 to 1.6% by weight and z and y vary such that the polymer has a viscosity varying from 1 to 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (c) a hydroxyl source selected from the group consisting of water, organic alcohol, hydroxylated siloxane, and combinations thereof in an amount to provide a molar ratio of from about 0.02/1 to about 15/1 of hydroxyl radicals to silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of component (b); (d) from about 1 to about 250 parts per million of platinum catalyst; and (e) an amount of amine compound effective to lower foam density of the formula: wherein R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
21. The article of claim 20 wherein said vinyl-containing polysiloxane contains from about 0.001 to about 1% by weight vinyl.
22. The article of claim 20 wherein said x varies such that viscosity of the polymer varies from 2500 to 500,000 centipoise at 25.degree..
23. The article of claim 20 wherein R and R.sup.1 are selected from the class consisting of alkyl radicals of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals, vinyl radicals, and halogenated hydrocarbon radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
24. The article of claim 20 wherein R is vinyl and R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, phenyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl.
25. The article of claim 20 which contains from 5 to 30 parts by weight component (b).
26. The article of claim 20 wherein said hydride polysiloxane has a viscosity between about 5 and 100 centipoise at 25.degree. C.
27. The article of claim 20 wherein said hydroxyl source is selected from the group consisting of water and combinations of water with organic alcohol or hydroxylated siloxane.
28. The article of claim 20 wherein said hydroxyl source is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated siloxane and combinations of hydroxylated siloxane with water or organic alcohol.
29. The article of claim 20 wherein said hydroxylated siloxane has an average of from greater than 1 to 2.5 silicon-bonded hydroxyl radicals per molecule.
30. The article of claim 20 wherein said organic alcohol is a substituted or unsubstituted alcohol having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
31. The article of claim 20 wherein organic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, lauryl alcohol, octyl alcohol and ethylene glycol.
32. The article of claim 20 wherein the ratio of hydroxyl radicals to hydride radicals varies between 0.02/1 and 1/1.
33. The article of claim 20 wherein at most one R.sup.4 is hydroxy and at least one R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted silyl.
34. The article of claim 20 wherein said amine has a solubility in components (a) and (b) ranging upward from about 0.1 millimole/liter.
35. The article of claim 20 which contains from about 0.0005 to 1 parts by weight of amine compound.
36. The article of claim 20 which contains from about 0.001 to about 0.5 parts by weight of amine compound.
37. The composition of claim 20 wherein said substituted or unsubstituted silyl is a substituted or unsubstituted silyl hydrocarbon.
38. The article of claim 20 wherein said amine compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylhydroxylamine, isopropylamine, hexamethyldisilazane, and triethanolamine.
39. A foamable composition consisting essentially of: (a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR7## where R and R.sup.1 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such that the polymer contains from 0.0002 to 3% by weight vinyl and x varies such that the viscosity of the polymer varies from 100 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (b) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a hydride polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR8## where R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of, independently, hydrogen, alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, haloalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and simultaneously, a single --O-- to form a cyclic polymer, and R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and fluoroalkyl radicals of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, where the hydride polysiloxane has a hydrogen content varying from 0.3 to 1.6% by weight and z and y vary such that the polymer has a viscosity varying from 1 to 500 centipoise at 25.degree. C.; (c) a hydroxyl source selected from the group consisting of water, organic alcohol, hydroxylated siloxane, and combinations thereof in an amount to provide a molar ratio of from about 0.02/1 to about 5/1 of hydroxyl radicals to silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of component (b); (d) from about 1 to about 250 parts per million of platinum catalyst; (e) an amount of amine compound effective to lower foam density of the formula: wherein R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted silyl; (f) from 0 to 200 parts by weight of filler.
40. The composition of claim 39 which contains from 10 to 100 parts by weight of filler.