US 4,747,201 AGrant
Boosterless Perforating Gun
Issue Date:1988-05-31
•11 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A method and apparatus for effecting the assembly and arming a multisection perforating gun for a subterranean well. Each of the gun sections has a plurality of vertically and angularly spaced shaped charge containers disposed with the primer ends located in concentric fashion about the vertical axis of the gun, thus defining an axial passage communicating with the bores of hollow nipples which respectively effect securement of one gun section to the next adjacent gun section. In one modification, a continuous primer cord is stored on a reel below the lowermost gun section and is then pulled successively upwardly through each of the additional gun sections as they are assembled. In another modification, each of the gun sections is provided with a length of fusible guide tubing interposed between the inner primer ends of all of such shaped charges and the continuous length of primer cord is fed downwardly through the axial passage defined by such guide tubing. During assembly of the gun sections, they may be successively lowered into the well so that when assembly is complete, all of the shaped charges are below the well surface before the gun is armed by the attachment of the primer cord to a booster charge.
Metadata
Assignee
- Baker Oil Tools, Inc.
Inventors
- Joseph F. Donovan
- Gregg W. Stout
- Phillip W. Schmuck
Application Information
Application Number:US 9149392
Filing Date:1986-10-03
Priority Date:1985-06-11
Art Unit:326
Classifications
IPC:
B23P 1904
Field of Search:
29175428;4334.55;4.57;4.60
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIGS. 1A and 1B collectively represent a schematic, vertical sectional view of a multisection perforating gun embodying this invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on the plane 2--2 of FIG. 1A.
FIGS. 3A and 3B collectively represent a schematic, vertical, quarter-sectional view of a modified form of perforating gun embodying this invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on the plane 4--4 of FIG. 3A.
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of an individual gun section utilized in a modification of this invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B collectively represent a schematic vertical sectional view of a partially assembled perforating gun utilizing gun sections in accordance with FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the top portions of the gun of FIG. 6A after completion of assembly.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown an assembled, multisection perforating gun 10 which is of entirely conventional construction except for the interrelationship of the primer cord PC with the plurality of shaped charge containers 14. As is conventional, the perforating gun terminates at its upper end in a firing head 11 which is threadably connected by external threads 11a to the lower end of a well conduit C. Internal threads 11b are provided at the lower end of the firing head 11 for connection to a booster chamber sub 12. O-rings 12a sealably secure this threaded connection. Booster sub 12 is in turn connected by external threads 12b to a cylindrical housing 13 within which, or upon which, a plurality of shaped charge containers 14 are positioned. O-ring seals 12c effect the sealing of this threaded connection. In the modification illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the shaped charge containers 14 are mounted in the wall of the housing 13 in vertically and angularly spaced arrays by being inserted through appropriately spaced apertures in such wall.
The manner of securement of the shaped charge containers 14 in the wall of the housing 13 is immaterial to the practice of this invention and hence, in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a threaded connection 14a is shown for each of the shaped charge containers 14.
The shaped charge containers 14 are of conventional configuration having their conically shaped, primer containing ends 14b disposed inwardly and at approximately equal radial distances from the axis of the tubular housing 13.
The bottom end of each tubular housing 13 is threadably secured by internal threads 13a to a hollow nipple 15 and the lower end of the nipple 15 is provided with external threads 15a for threadably securing the top end of the tubular housing 13 of the next gun section. O-rings 15b and 15c seal these connections. Obviously, any desired number of gun sections 10a may thus be conveniently secured in axially stacked relationship and the lowermost or last gun section, illustrated in FIG. 1B, has a solid plug element 16 engaged with the internal threads 13a provided in the bottom of the lowermost tubular housing 13. O-ring 16b seals this connection.
The bore 15d of each hollow nipple 15 is provided at its upper end with a short counter bore 15e and this counter bore mounts a length of guide tubing 20 in co-axial relationship with respect of the axis to the tubular housing 13. The tubing 20 is fabricated from a relatively rigid fusible material, such as aluminum, or any readily fusible, relatively rigid thermoplastic. The length of each tubing 20 corresponds to the spacing between the nipple 15 and the booster sub 12, in the case of the uppermost gun section, and between the nipples 15 in the case of all of the intermediate gun sections. In the bottom gun section, the guide tubing 20 fits in a counterbore 16e provided in hole 16d in plug 16, and flared upper end 20a is adjacent the lowermost nipple 15. The upper end 20a of each of the fusible guide tubings 20 is preferably outwardly flared for a purpose to be hereinafter described.
When it is desired to assemble a multisection perforating gun 10 having length dimensions up to two thousand feet, it is readily apparent that the gun must be assembled at the well site and furthermore, assembled from the bottom up, with the lowermost sections of the gun being inserted into the well bore and then moved successively downwardly as the assembly of each gun section proceeds. Thus, each gun section may have the lower end of its tubular housing 13 connected to the threads on the upper end of the adjacent lower nipple 15. The shaped charge containers 14 may be assembled in the housing 13, either at the factory or at the well site, but in either event, there is little danger involved in such an assembly operation since the shaped charge containers are not susceptible to detonation by shock or impact. In any event, when the assembly is completed, and the desired length of perforating gun achieved, all of the assembled gun may be lowered into the well so that all of the shaped charge containers 14 are disposed below the surface.
In accordance with this invention, the gun 10 is then armed through the simple expedient of lowering or pulling up a continuous length of primer cord PC through the aligned bores 12d of the booster sub 12, the bore 20b of the uppermost fusible guide tube 20, the bore of the uppermost hollow nipple 15 and then successively through the bores of the fusible tubes 20 and hollow nipples 15 until the primer cord is disposed adjacent all of the shaped charge containers 14 incorporated in the multisection gun. The flared upper end 20a of each guide tube 20 facilitates the insertion of the primer cord.
A single booster charge 22 is then assembled to the top end of the continuous primer cord PC. Any conventional connecting mechanism may be employed. Such connector device 25 is disposed in an enlarged counter bore 12d provided at the upper end of the booster chamber sub 12. A detonatable primer charge 30 is suitably mounted in the bottom opening counter bore 11c provided in the firing head 11 and is arranged to be discharged in conventional fashion by the dropping of a detonating bar (not shown) on a firing pin 35. Obviously, electrical ignition could be employed, or the firing pin 35 could be hydraulically actuated.
In any event, the ignition of the primer charge 30 effects the ignition of the booster charge 22 contained in the connecting device 25 and effects the ignition of the primer cord PC. As is well known in the art, the primer cord PC detonates with the detonation wave travelling rapidly down its length and generating sufficient heat and shock energy to immediately fuse and disintegrate the thin-walled fusible guide tubes 20 and effect the ignition of the shaped charges contained in the shaped charge containers 14.
Referring now to the modification of FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4, the only substantial difference is the employment of a polygonal tubular carrier 50 which is mounted within the interior of each tubular housing section 15 and mounts the shaped charge containers 54. The polygonal carrier 50 may be formed from extruded aluminum, and the shaped charge containers 54 may be provided with enlarged head portions 54a which abuts against the side walls of apertures 50a provided in the wall of the polygonal carrier 50. The shaped charge containers 54 are then secured in the apertures 50a by securing means, such as blind rivets 52 in the manner fully described and illustrated in co-pending application Ser. No. 432,481, filed Oct. 4, 1982, and assigned to the Assignee of this application. The polygonal carriers 50 are positioned in concentric relationship with respect to the axis of the tubular housing 13 by having their bottom ends inserted in a polygonally shaped groove 15f formed in the top surface of each hollow nipple 15, and in groove 16f of plug 16 for the bottom gun section.
The lengths 20 of fusible tubing are inserted within each perforating gun section in abutting relationship with respect to the inner ends of the shaped charge containers 54. Thus, the gun is assembled and armed in the same manner as described in connection with the modification of FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2 through the successive assembly of the gun sections by threadably engaging the various tubular housings 13 with the connecting hollow nipples 15. Obviously, the polygonal carrier 50 with the shaped charge containers 54 mounted thereon, and the guide tube 20 are inserted within each housing section 13 as the assembly progrsses. When the assembly is complete, all of the assembly is lowered into the well so that all of the shaped charges 54 are disposed below the well surface, and a continuous length of primer cord PC is inserted through the aligned bores of the booster sub 12, the fusible guide tubing lengths 20, and the hollow nipples 15. The ignition of the top end of the continuous length of primer cord PC is effected by a booster charge 22 contained within a plastic connecting element 25 through ignition of a primer charge 30 in the manner heretofore described.
Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6A, 6B, and 7, there is shown a further modification of this invention wherein a continuous length of primer cord is employed to effect the firing of the plurality of shaped charges disposed in a multisection perforating gun. Referring first to FIGS. 6A and 6B, wherein similar numerals represent similar parts utilized in the modifications heretofore described, a reel containing housing 17 is threadably connected to the lowermost nipple 15 of the gun in place of the plug 16 employed in the previously described modifications. Reel housing 17 contains a reel 17a upon which is coiled a sufficient length of primer cord PC to extend entirely through the assembled gun sections. Alternatively, the primer cord PC may be wound in a self-supporting reel configuration and disposed in reel housing 17. A detachable connector, such as an eye connection 18 (FIG. 6A), is crimped to the free end of the primer cord on the reel 17a. This permits the end of the primer cord to be engaged by a hook 19a provided on a cable 19 (FIG. 5) which traverses the gun section 10a immediately above the reel containing housing 17 and terminates in its upper end in an eye connection 19b. Cable 19 may be formed of any tensionally adequate material, such as rope, wire or plastic, and preferably, is preassembled at the factory in the individual gun section 10a as shown in FIG. 5.
The total assembly operation involving a large number of gun sections 10a then proceeds by first engaging the hook portions 19a of the pull cable 19 with the eye connector 18 on the end of the primer cord then threadably engaging the gun section 10a with reel housing 17 and then pulling the primer cord PC through the section 10a which is to be assembled to the reel containing house 17. The pull cable 19 may then be removed and the eye hook end 18 of the primer cord PC secured against falling back into the gun section by any convenient means.
The next gun section 10a to be assembled is then positioned above the previously assembled gun section and the hook portion 19a of the pull cable 19 for that next gun section is engaged with the eye connector 18 on the end of the primer cord PC. The next section is threadably assembled to the threads of the connecting nipple 15 provided at the top of the first assembled gun section. The primer cord PC is pulled upwardly through the next gun section 10a, following which the pulling cable 19 for that gun section is removed. The assembly proceeds in like manner until the required number of gun sections 10a have been assembled, following which assembly to the firing mechanism is accomplished through the simple expedient of again using a pull cable 19' extending through the bore of the firing head 11 and the booster containing sub 12 so that the primer cord connector 18 may be engaged by the hook portion 19'a and pulled up into the booster chamber 12d where it is secured to a booster charge connector 25 (FIG. 7) in the manner previously described in connection with the modification of of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
If it is desired to fire from the bottom of the gun upwardly, then a length of flame-conducting tubing or fusible cord is contiguously secured to the primer cord PC in any of the manners described in any co-pending application Ser. No. 743,580, filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the Assignee of this application. In such case, no booster charge is attached to the upper end of the primer cord PC but instead, the primer cord PC is terminated below the booster chamber 12d so as to not be detonated by the primer charge 30, while the end of the flame-conducting tubing is secured in a higher position so as to be ignited by the primer charge 30. a conventional booster charge of the type known as a DDT charge, which are sold under the trademark PRIMADETS by the Ensign Bickford Company, is secured to the bottom ends of both the flame-conducting detonating tubing and the primer cord PC. Primer cord PC and the flame-conducting tubing are, of course, both wound upon the reel 17a and concurrently pulled upwardly through the entire assembly of gun section in the manner heretofore described.
In all modifications in this invention, it is preferred to us a continuous length of primer cord, but this may not always be possible. Thus, shorter lengths of primer cord than required may be crimpd together to form a continuous length. If the total gun assembly is extremely long, it may be desirable to intersperse booster charges along the length of the primer cord to assure that the detonation shock wave of the primer cord will be transmitted its entire length. The essential feature is that the entire primer cord assemblage, either with or without booster charges, and with or without a flame-conducting tubing, is inserted within the gun as an entity during the normal assemblage of the gun sections at the well site.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the aforedescribed methods and apparatuses permit the assembly of a multisection perforating gun of any desired length without exposing the personnel accomplishing the assembly to any significant risk of premature explosion of the shaped charges involved in the assembly. Moreover, since only a single booster charge is employed at the top end of the continuous primer cord, the assembly of a single detonatable element in the gun minimizes by a factor of one hundred the risk of injury previously associated with the assembly of a number of such booster charges in a multisection gun. If an accident does occur, the shaped charges are disposed below the well surface so that an inadvertent ignition of such charges will not result in injury to personnel at the well surface.
Of equal importance is the fact that utilization of a continuous length of primer cord eliminates the problems heretofore repeatedly encountered with the failure of ignition of successive lengths of primer cord employed in prior art constructions, with reliance being placed on booster charges at each end of the primer cords to effect the transmission of the ignition energy from the primer cord of one gun section to the next gun section. The method and apparatus of this invention substantially eliminates the necessity for ever having to withdraw the perforating gun from the well due to a failure of the continuous primer cord to ignite all of the shaped charges involved in the perforating gun.
Although the invention has been described in terms of speciifed embodiments which are set forth in detail, it should be understood that this is by illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the disclosure. Accordingly, modifications are contemplated which can be made without departing from the spirit of the described invention.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. The method of assembling a multisection perforating gun of the type wherein each section includes threadable connections at its top and bottom ends and a plurality of vertically and angularly spaced shaped charge containers having the primer ends of such containers disposed adjacent the vertical axis of the respective section to define an axial passage through the section, and a pulling means extending through the axial passage, comprising the steps of: (1) disposing a housing containing a reel of primer cord beneath the lowermost gun section, the free end of said primer cord having a detachable connector secured thereto for successive connection to the bottom ends of said pulling means; (2) connecting the bottom end of the pulling means of said lowermost gun section to said primer cord detachable connector; (3) threadably securing the lowermost gun section to said reel housing; (4) pulling a portion of the primer cord off the reel and through the axial passage of said lowermost gun section by said pulling means, thereby removing the pulling means from said lowermost section; (5) disposing the next gun section above the lowermost gun section; (6) connecting the bottom end of the pulling means of the next gun section to said primer cord detachable connector; (7) threadably securing said next gun section to the lower gun section; (8) pulling the primer cord through the axial passage of said next gun section, thereby removing the pulling means from said next section; and (9) repeating steps (5), (6), (7) and (8) for each additional gun section required to be assembled.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a length of detonation conducting tubing is secured in side-by-side relation to the entire length of said primer cord.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein, prior to assembly, a fusible tube is inserted in the axial passage of each said gun section.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of operatively connecting an end of said primer cord to a detonatable primer charge.
5. The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of igniting only the top end of the detonation conducting tubing and detonating the bottom end of said primer cord by detonation transmitted by said detonation conducting tubing.
6. The method of assembling a multi-section perforating gun for a subterranan well having a plurality of tubular carriers supporting a plurality of shaped charge containers with the primer ends of such containers disposed adjacent the axis of the tubular carrier, comprising the sequential steps of: (1) successively assembling and inserting the tubular carriers, devoid of booster charges, in the well so that all shaped charge containers are below the surface; (2) inserting a continuous length of primer cord along the axis of the tubular carriers to lie adjacent the primer ends of each shaped charge container; and (3) assembling a firing mechanism, including a primer charge, in operative relationship to the top end of said primer cord.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of securing a booster charge intermediate the top end of the primer cord and the primer charge.
8. The method of assembling a perforating gun for a subterranean well having a tubular carrier apertured to receive a plurality of shaped charge containers in the wall thereof, comprising the steps of: (1) inserting a small diameter fusible guide tube coaxially within the tubular carrier; (2) securing shaped charge containers respectively in the tubular carrier apertures with the primer ends thereof in close proximity to said fusible tube; (3) inserting the tubular carrier in the well so that all shaped charge containers are disposed below the surface; (4) inserting a continuous length of primer cord coaxially through the bore of the fusible tubing; and (5) assembling a firing mechanism, including a primer charge, to the top of the tubular carrier in operative relationship to one end of said primer cord.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of securing a booster charge intermediate the top end of the primer cord and the primer charge.
10. The method of assembling a multisection perforating gun for a subterranean well comprising the steps of: (1) assembling a plurality of tubular carriers in axially stacked relation by means including a plurality of hollow nipples, each said tubular carrier having a plurality of vertically and angularly spaced apertures in the wall thereof and a small diameter length of fusible material tubing coaxially mounted therein; (2) securing shaped charge containers respectively in the tubular carrier apertures with the primer ends thereof in close proximity to said fusible tube; (3) inserting the tubular carrier in the well so that all shaped charge containers are disposed below the surface; (4) inserting a continuous length of primer cord coaxially through the aligned bores of the fusible tubing lengths and the hollow nipples; and (5) assembling a firing mechanism, including a primer charge to one end of the continuous primer cord.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of securing a booster charge intermediate the end of the primer cord and the primer charge.