US 4,721,156 AGrant
Well Clean Out Apparatus
Issue Date:1988-01-26
•9 Claims
•1 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A well clean out apparatus of the reciprocating pump, recirculating, type has two debris entrapment chambers below and one fluid chamber above the pump. The pump piston has a stack of flat washers to function as piston packing. The washers are axially and radially loose fitting to allow some movement to enable particles to work past each washer to avoid sand jamming. The washer stack, collectively, resists fluid by-pass around the piston. The pump is inverted and fluid flows through the piston rod to increase fluid velocity in the piston vicinity.
Metadata
Inventor
- John F. Campbell
Application Information
Application Number:US 0336637
Filing Date:1987-04-03
Priority Date:1987-04-03
Art Unit:356
Classifications
IPC:
E21B 3700
Field of Search:
16699;301;169;162;165;170;105.1;105.3;109;110
Patent Drawings (1 sheets)
Description
The present invention pertains to well clean out tools of the type used to remove sand and other debris from the bottom of wells.
Existing Art
Well clean out tools used to remove sand and other debris from the bottom of wells may be run into the well bore supported by wire lines or pipe strings extending from the earth surface. In both cases, the top end of the clean out tool is usually reciprocated axially in the well and relative to the lower end of the tool to pump fluid and debris into the tool. The tools commonly have debris entrapment chambers in the tool to hold debris while cleaner fluid moves upward through the tool to be circulated back to the well bore through openings near the tool upper end. The circulation of fluid through the tool will continue until the debris is satisfactorily removed from the well. The clean out tool may have to make several trips into and out of the well to be emptied of debris at the surface. The tubing string used for production is commonly removed form the well for clean out operations.
Current clean out tool art is typified by the following U.S. patents.
1. U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,383, to Williams and Davis, Jan. 15, 1985.
2. U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,285, to Donald Caldwell, Oct. 23, 1984.
3. U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,182, Moody and Moody, Dec 20, 1983 and
4. U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,113, to W. Harrison, Feb. 26, 1980.
The existing tools have problems with pump elements becoming sand jammed, requiring an excessive round trip out of the well to clean sand from the pumps. The low fluid velocity in the vicinity of the pump elements is believed to contribute to the jamming problem. The arrangement of the pump elements may also contribute to the tendency to jam because sand and other particulates may not be able to negotiate the piston clearances.
Removal of the production tubing from the well for clean out operations is additionally a costly operation that the industry needs to avoid.
A clean out tool is needed that can be run into the well inside a production tubing string. Better control of debris particles, in the vicinity of pump elements is needed to avoid sand jamming. Piston assemblies that are prone to sand jamming need to be rearranged to allow small quantities of sand to negotiate the piston clearances.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide apparatus that will operate in the production tubing string and be transportable downhole along the tubing string bore, for well clean out operations.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus with pump configurations and fluid velocity relationships that will avoid sand jamming.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide clean out tools with pump piston arrangements that will allow sand particles that enter the piston clearances to work their way out of the clearances to avoid sand jamming.
These and other objects, advantages, and features of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the specification, including the attached claims and appended drawings
Summary of the Invention
A reciprocating pump-type well clean out tool that can be run down hole through the bore of production tubing string. The pump is arranged to increase the relative velocity of fluid moving through the pump area to reduce the amount of sand that tends to settle and jam the pump. The liquid pumped through the tool is vented from the top of the tool to the bore of the tubing string to be recirculated. The packing of the pump piston is a stack of loosely fitted washers that may move both axially and transversely to allow particles to work out of the piston without jamming. The washers, collectively provide fluid packing for the piston to reduce the by-pass of fluid around the piston. There are two debris entrapment chambers below the pump and one check-valved fluid chamber above the pump.
Brief Description of Drawings
FIG. 1A is a wide elevation, in cut-away, of the upper end of the apparatus of the invention.
FIG. 1B is a side elevation, in cut-away, of the lower end of the apparatus of the invention.
Detailed Description of Drawings
In the drawings wherein like reference characters are used throughout for like parts, FIGS. 1A and 1B are mutual continuations with FIG. 1A being the upper part of the whole. A pipe string, usually the production tubing string, TS, extends from the earth surface to the lower reaches of the well. The tubing string is commonly removed from the well but for this disclosure it is part of the apparatus and is in place in the well. The overall apparatus will include the tubing string and the rest of the assembly run into the tubing string bore will be referred to as the clean out tool. Operation of the clean out tool will involve a manipulation means, usually a wire line extending from the surface down through the tubing string bore and is attached to the top of the clean out tool. The wire line and it's lower terminal which attaches to the clean out tool is not shown but is well established in the art and fimiliar to those skilled in the art.
A wire line terminal (not shown) is threadedly attached to the threaded end 7a of the terminal 7 of the clean out tool. The elongated, generally tubular, body 1 is sized to be lowered through the tubing string bore from the surface to the part of the well to be cleaned out.
When ready for operation, the lower end of the tool, usually bridge breaker 8, will be supported by debris in the well or the lower end of the tubing string. The wire line supporting the upper end of the body will be reciprocated up and down to cause a pumping action, to be described later. The pumping action ingests debris laden fluid into opening, or inlet, 8b. The fluid flows upward through the debris chambers, where most of the debris remains, and up through the pump into a fluid chamber and out holes through the well of the tool into the bore of the tubing string. The fluid is recirculated through the tool to entrain and trap more debris.
During the up stroke of the upper end of the tool fluid and debris enters inlet 8b, flows through bore 2a, check valve 2b, debris chamber 2c, bore 3a, check valve 3b, debris chamber 3c, bores 4g, 4h and 6b and into fluid chamber 4j. Check valve 5a is closed. On the down stroke of the upper part of the tool, check valves 2b and 3b are closed and fluid displaced by the axially shrinking chamber 4j moves up through bore 5d, check valve 5a, fluid chamber 5b and out holes 5f into the bore of the tubing string. During the down stroke, debris settles out in chambers 2c and 3c. Piston 6 moves a short distance in tube 4c relative to the length of debris chambers 2c and 3c and the constantly settling debris in these chambers results in relatively clean fluid moving upward through the piston bore 6b and into fluid chamber 4j.
The clean out tool body includes an upper terminal 7, a lower terminal that is either bridge breaker 8 or the equivalent of the upper end of bridge breaker 8, and four elongated, generally tubular subs threadedly joined end-to-end.
The first sub includes tube 2d, check valve 2b and debris chamber 2c. The bridge breaker tool is adapted at the top, by threaded end 8c, to support check valve 2b and to form the lower end of chamber 2c.
The second sub includes coupling 3d, debris chamber 3c, tube 3e and check valve 3b.
The third sub is a pumping sub and has an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion includes tube 4c and bore reduction element 4d. The lower portion includes coupler 4a and upwardly extending tubular extension 4b. Piston 6 is separately described but could be considered part of the lower portion of the third sub to which it is threadedly attached.
The fourth sub includes coupler 5c, with bore 5d and check valve 5a, fluid chamber 5b, and tube 5e with holes 5f near the top. Upper terminal 7 can be considered part of the fourth sub since it provides closure for the top of tube 5e.
Piston 6 is a novel arrangement which avoids the usual problems of sand binding, or jamming, of the piston in the cooperating bore of tube 4c. Piston core 6a is threadedly attached by threads 6g to extension 4b. The piston core has the tubular arbor 6c extending upward to confine washers 6d. The stack of washers 6d are confined by silt cup 6e. The silt cup, or debris cup, 6e has a soft nosed set screw (not shown) which locks the cup to the arbor to prevent relative rotation when the silt cup is axially adjusted on the arbor. Proper adjustment allows the washers some axial free movement. The washers 6d have some radial clearance on arbor 6c and also within the bore of tube 4c so that they can individually move somewhat to allow debris particles that the washers encounter to move past each washer, in turn, to avoid jamming.
On the upstroke of the upper end of the body, fluid drawn into chamber 4j is at a lower pressure than fluid in chamber 4k and this causes some leakage around the piston perimeter. This leakage is cleaner than fluid flowing along bore 4h due to the settling of particles in chamber 4k. On the upstroke, settled particles are ejected from holes 4f. The piston is somewhat protected from particle intrusion from below.
On the down stroke of the upper end of the body, or upper end of the third sub, valve 5a is open and fluid flows freely to and out of holes 5f and there is little pressure difference across the piston. This helps prevent particle intrusion into the piston clearances. There are always some particles in chamber 4j and, given time, they will settle to the top of the piston. Debris cup 6e has an upwardly opening cup with reasonably sharp ends 6f in the vicinity of the well of the bore of tube 4c. Most of the settling particles enter the cup rather than the clearances between the piston and the cooperating bore. On the next upstroke, the particles in the cup and in bore 6b and 4h will be moved upward into chamber 4j with relatively high velocity caused by the small size of bore 6b. The resulting fluid turbulence will mix the debris and entrain it upward to be expelled through holes 5f.
The bridge breaking aspect of element 8 is the chisel shape on the lower end made by plane 8a which cuts the tubular end. The angle shown is forty-five degrees. The bridge breaker can be any shape but is selected in view of the type of debris and debris consolidation to be expected in the well. The only change usually required is the angle of plane 8a.
The clean out tool body may be quite long and any number of tube lengths may be joined by couplers to make up the length preferred. The couplers are usually in the tubes making up debris chambers 2c and 3c. The couplers resemble 3d with no check valve and the coupler bores are usually larger than 2a and 3a. The couplers, if used, do not influence function and none are shown.
In especially slim hole wells, the well casing can provide the radial support needed by the tool. The novel tool and piston arrangement offers advantage in such applications and such use is anticipated by and is within the scope of the claims.
Flap type check valves are well established in the art and are purchase items. The valves can be purchased with torsion springs that urge the valve closed. The common spring is a torsion spring that makes bout one turn around the valve flap hinge pin and engages the valve flap and a stationary element associated with the tool structure.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forth, together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the method and apparatus
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
As many possible embodiments may be made of the apparatus and method of this invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
The invention having been described, I claim:
1. A well clean out apparatus, comprising: a pipe string, having an upper end and a lower end, adapted to be received and supported in a well; an elongated, generally tubular, body having an upper end and a lower end, adapted to be lowered from the surface to the well clean out depth through the bore of said pipe said elongated body comprising a plurality of subs threadedly coupled together in an end-to-end relationship; a first sub near said lower end of said body, said first sub having an inlet for receiving fluid and debris from the bore of said pipe string, a check valve near said inlet oriented to allow upward flow and prevent downward flow, and a debris chamber above said check valve; a second sub arranged above said first sub, with a check valve neas tthe lower end oriented to allow upward flow and to prevent downward flow, and a debris chamber above said check valve; a third sub arranged above said second sub, said third sub comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, said two portions arranged for a telescoping relationship, said lower portion having an upwardly extending generally tubular extension adapted at the upper end for the attachment of a piston, said upper portion arranged to receive a piston and said tubular extension, and having a reduced bore at the lower end to retain said piston in said upper portion; a piston attached to the upper end of said tubular extension of said third sub, situated in the bore of said upper portion of said third sub to function as a pump; a fourth sub arranged above said third sub, said fourth sub having a check valve near the lower end arranged to allow upward flow and prevent downward flow, a fluid chamber above said check valve, holes near the top of said fluid chamber arranged to allow fluid flow from said fluid chamber to the bore of said pipe string; lower attachment means at the lower end of said first sub to receive a debris cutting tool; upper attachment means at the top of said fourth sub to receive a coupling terminal of a clean out tool suspension means.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said piston comprises, a core adapted for attachment to said tubular extension, a cylindrical length of reduced diameter, a plurality of piston ring washers with loose fitting bores arranged on said cylindrical length, a piston end secured to said cylindrical length to retain said washers and to allow said washers some axial free movement, said washers having an outer diameter to loosely fit in the bore of said upper portion of said third sub, and a bore extending axially through said core.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further providing that said piston end comprise a debris cup means opening upwardly, with an upper rim near and adjacent the wall of the bore of said upper portion of said third sub.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further providing vent holes through the wall of said upper portion of said third sub near the reduced bore to vent fluid to and from the annular space below said piston.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 further providing a debris cutter tool attached to the lower end of said first sub and extending downward, said debris cutter tool having a bore to serve as an extension of said inlet to said first sub.
6. A well clean out tool, including: an elongated, generally tubular, body with an upper end and a lower end, said body comprising a plurality of subs threadedly coupled together with an end-to-end relationship; a first sub near the lower end of said body, said first sub having an inlet for receiving fluid and debris from the well, a check valve near said inlet oriented to allow upward flow and prevent downward flow, and a debris chamber above said check valve; a second sub arranged above said first sub, with a check valve near the lower end, oriented to allow upward flow and prevent downward flow, and a debris chamber above said check valve; a third sub arranged above said second sub, said third sub comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, said two portions arranged for a telescoping relationship, said lower portion having an upwardly extending, generally tubular, extension adapted at the upper end for attachment of a piston, said upper portion arranged to receive said piston and said tubular extension, and having a reduced bore at the lower end to retain said piston in said upper portion; a piston attached to the upper end of said tubular extension of said third sub, situated in the bore of said upper portion of said third sub to function as a pump, said piston comprising a piston core adapted to axially and radially confine a stacked plurality of washers on said core for limited axial and radial free movement, a plurality of washers on said piston, each washer having an outer diameter that loosely fits in the bore of the upper portion of said third sub; a fourth sub arranged above said third sub, said fourth sub having a check valve near the lower end arranged to allow upward flow and to prevent downward flow, a fluid chamber above said check valve, and holes near the top of said fluid chamber arranged to allow fluid flow from said fluid chamber to the well; lower attachment means at the lower end of said first sub to receive a debris cutting tool; upper attachment means at the top of said fourth sub to receive a coupling terminal of a clean out tool suspension means.
7. The well clean out tool of claim 6 further providing that said piston, at the top, have an upwardly opening debris cup, said cup having an upper tubular lip with an outer diameter near to and adjacent the wall of the bore of the upper portion of said third sub.
8. The well clean out tool of claim 6 further providing vent holes through the wall of said upper portion of said third sub above and near said reduced bore to vent fluid below said piston.
9. A well clean out tool, including: an elongated generally tubular body having an upper end and a lower end and a telescoping intermediate section, said intermediate section having a piston and cooperating bore to serve as a pump, said pump achieving a pumping action when the upper end of said body is axially reciprocated relative to said lower end of said body; a piston situated in said body, said piston comprising, a core, a stack of a plurality of piston ring washers axially and transversely confined, on said core, for limited axial and transverse movement relative thereto, said washers having an outer diameter which allows some transverse movement relative to a cooperating bore, to allow particles that enter clearances between piston and cooperating bore to work past the loose washers.
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| US2099877 | 1937-11-01 | Westall | |
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