Position Sensor

The present invention relates to a position sensor.

A position sensor is known from German Disclosed patent application No. 2,426,420. The purpose of such a sensor is to permit a high degree of resolution and sensitivity. To accomplish this purpose in the prior art, the magnetic-field-dependent semiconductor devices are disposed in a plane of the inductor surface, and the magnetic-field-dependent semiconductor resistors in stripe form have a width of 100 .mu.m, for example, and a thickness of about 20 .mu.m. The distance to the detected portions therefore amounts to at least 100 .mu.m as well.

It is the object of the present invention to solve the problem of further increasing the resolution properties of position sensors of the nature. This object is solved by the various embodiments of the invention. Since the magnetic-field-dependent resistors employed therein have a non-linear characteristic the same deflection is obtained at each end of a portion, i.e., on each side of a tooth of a toothed wheel, for example, and thus twice as many pilses are obtained as in the case of known position sensors of the above-recited nature, which represents a resolution that is two times greater. Moreover, the distance of the portions can be chosen to be of the order of the thickness of the magnetic-field-dependent resistors, which is much smaller than the width of the known strips, thereby permitting a further increase in resolution to be obtained.

Further advantageous details of the present invention are contained in the subclaims and described below on the basis of the practical examples illustrated in the drawings, in which

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment having one sensor and one stray-field mask applied to a substrate;

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 having an excitation magnet;

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of one pair of sensors on a common substrate;

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of two pairs of sensors relative to a common, magnetizable device;

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a pair of sensors on a common substrate;

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a detector based upon two pairs of sensors according to FIGS. 3 or 5;

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a further possible embodiment of a detector comprising two units according to FIG. 5;

FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show the schematic arrangement of four sensors to form a bridge circuit; and

FIG. 11 shows the measurement curves of the output voltages obtained, as a function of the distance of the sensors from the magnetizable device.

Numeral 1 denotes a detector for the detection of magnetic fields. Detector 1 comprises a support 2, on whose surface 3 a magnetic-field-dependent resistor stripe 4 of ferromagnetic material is deposited at the bottom edge by means of thin-film techniques. The coating thickness of magnetic-field-dependent resistor 4 amounts to approximately up to 0.5 .mu.m. This strip is fabricated in a known manner, for example, by means of sputtering a CoFeB alloy. Glass or ceramic, for example, is employed as the support. The ends 5, 6 of magnetic-field-dependent resistor 4 are connected in an electrically conductive manner with contact stripes 7, 8 which are also deposited on support 2.

Disposed below detector 1 at a minor distance x therefrom is a magnetizable device 9, having a periodically alternating magnetic field above its surface 10. In the example according to FIG. 1, a periodically alternating magnetic field of this nature is formed by means of a so-called stray-field mask, which comprises a striplike or annular substrate 11 of non-magnetic or soft or hard magnetic material which supports soft or hard magnetic stripes 12 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction. The direction of magnetization H is the same in all stripes 12, extending at least generally in or opposite the direction of movement or the longtitudinal direction of substrate 11. Consequently, the top 10 of device 9 has portions 12, having a width B, of higher space permeability and spaces or portions 13 of lower space permeability. The width a of the latter portions 13 is preferably equal to distance B.

Air or a non-magnetic metal such as aluminum, etc. or a dielectric substance is preferably located in portions 13. Consequently, a magnetic field having a periodically alternating higher and lower flux line density and alternating flux line direction forms above surface 10 if at least strips 12 are permanently magnetic or are magnetized in the indicated direction. As shown in FIG. 2 if a thin substrate 11 that is not permanently magnetic or stripes 12 of soft magnetic material are employed, for example, a magnet 14, having lateral yokes 15 facing substrate 11, for example, is disposed beneath substrate 11, which magnetizes stripes 12 and, if necessary, substrate 11, as well, in the direction of field H.

Device 9 and detector 1 are movable one relative to the other. Device 9 is customarily designed in the form of a wheel or ring and pivotally mounted, in which case it is then practical for device 9 to consist of a toothed disk or ring.

It was found that ferromagnetic coatings having the indicated coating thickness and anisotropy in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the stripe respond only to magnetic fields that are located in the plane of the coating. Pursuant to the present invention, preferably during the fabrication of magnetic-field-dependent resistor 4, magnetic-field-dependent resistor 4 is therefore subjected in only one dimension, namely the length thereof, to such a magnetic field that the above-mentioned direction is an easy direction. If a magnetic field having a component in the plane of the coating that is transverse to the easy direction acts on a magnetic-field-dependent resistor of this nature, there is a change in the resistance measured between contact strips 7 and 8. In the present invention, this effect is utilized for detection of small magnetic fields, as the indicated change in resistance occurs even in the case of very low field strengths. Yet, nevertheless, no disturbances are caused by external magnetic fields.

As a result of portions 12, 13, which are of different space permeability, stray fields which are alternately opposite one to the other are obtained above each portion 12, 13. This is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6. Consequently, a field component H.sub.St that is transverse to field H is produced on each side of a tooth or strip. While this field component H.sub.St is very small, being on the order of 80 to 1,600 A/m (1 to 20 Oersteds), for example, it is sufficient to significantly influence the resistance of magnetic-field-dependent resistor 4 if field component H.sub.st is transverse to the direction of anisotropy. Magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4, with their coating planes 3', are therefore arranged in the direction of field components H.sub.St, as illustrated in the examples. However it is also possible to arrange coating plane 3' in the direction of movement. In this case, the field component H.sub.L, which extends in the direction of movement, is detected. With an arrangement of this nature, however, care must be taken to ensure that the producing stray field does not already greatly influence the magnetic-field-dependent resistor and saturate it in the case of magnetization produced by an external magnet, for example magnetization of portions 12. Consequently, this type of arrangement of coating plane 3' in the direction of movement can only be employed for permanently magnetized portions 12.

Pursuant to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, two magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1 and 4.sub.4, which are electrically isolated one from the other, are arranged adjacent one to the other in a line on a support 2 for the purpose of increasing the possible output voltage. The length L of a stripe 12 or a tooth of a gear or a toothed disk or a rack is then at least great enough so that it extends over the entire length of the pair of resistors comprising both magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1 and 4.sub.4. Connection pins 18 are provided at the upper edge 17 in FIG. 5. These two magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1, 4.sub.4 can be placed in diagonally opposed arms of a bridge.

Pursuant to one of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6 to 9, two pairs each of magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1, 4.sub.4 and 4.sub.2, 4.sub.3 are combined into a detector unit 1', with magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1 and 4.sub.4 being disposed on a first support 2.sub.1 and other magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.2 and 4.sub.3 on a second support 2.sub.2.Magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.2 and 4.sub.3 can then be interposed in the other diagonal arms of a bridge circuit, as illustrated in FIG. 10. This produces a maximum measurement output voltage V.sub.a at terminals A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 +V.sub.B and -V.sub.B denote the operating voltage, which amounted to 10 Volts in the case of one embodiment, for example.

For an optimum measured value magnitude, the distance A shown in FIG. 6 between pairs of resistors 4.sub.1, 4.sub.4 and 4.sub.2, 4.sub.3 is equal to the number n of stripes 12 or portions 13 between the pairs of resistors, plus one half of width B of a stripe 12, in accordance with the formula A=n.multidot.a+B/2, where n=o, 1, 2, . . . . The magnitude of output voltage U.sub.A is a function of distance x between magnetic-field-dependent resistors 4.sub.1 to 4.sub.4 and surface 10. This interrelationship is illustrated in the measurement curves contained in FIG. 11.

In order to obtain a rugged detector unit 1', supports 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2 are arranged on a mounting plate 19, in accordance with FIG. 6. The thickness of mounting plate 19 corresponds to required distance A. Supports 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2 can also be attached to a mounting plate 19 that is arranged at right angles thereto on upper edge 17, in accordance with FIG. 7. In this case, mounting plate 19 has openings 20 extending therethrough, arranged in accordance with connection pins 18. Openings 20 are arranged in such a manner that distance A is obtained when connection pins 18 of supports 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2 are inserted and that this distance can be adjusted, if necessary. In both cases, mounting plate 19 can be provided with the required connection and/or feed lines 21 in the manner of a printed circuit, as illustrated by means of the dashed lines in FIG. 7. Mounting plate 19 and supports 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2 are preferably attached one to the other by means of bonding and/or soldering.