US 4,711,543 AGrant
TV Animation Interactively Controlled by the Viewer
Issue Date:1987-12-08
•1 Claims
•9 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An animation method supersedes the motion picture branching method by, first, enabling rapid and repeated switching of multiple tracks of different camera-originated animation of the same character during continuous action in a scene, and second, by enabling branching at the termination of an action to multiple actions or scenes. This method is the basis of a double-circuit video system that enables a player to repeatedly touch or hit an animated character during a continuous action as displayed on a projection screen or television monitor and thus change the action repeatedly. Another system embodiment enables the player to swing a racket before the screen or television monitor, hit the mid-air projected image of a perspective ball animated action, return the ball back to the animated character opponent, and play a simulated game during which the player exercises the same skills used to play the game simulated. An ultrasonic transducer in the playing instrument and a microphone combination on the television face or at angles to the playing action produces a readout of the television contact position or the mid-air position of the playing instrument action relating to the game. Said readout signal is converted into digital form and compared to a similar readout in digital form of the position of the character or object in the frame of the animation displayed by the television and digitally coded in the video tape or disc.
Metadata
Inventors
- Preston E. Blair
- Frank S. Preston
Application Information
Application Number:US 0086444
Filing Date:1987-01-29
Priority Date:1983-08-25
Art Unit:211
Classifications
IPC:
G03B 2132
Field of Search:
35250;51;52;87
Patent Drawings (9 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
The present invention pertains to an animated cartoon method incorporating a method of motion picture branching as controlled with human skill. The action of the user switches the display to make the picture respond interactively. A plurality of means for such action are specified in this invention. The preferred means of embodiment herewith described is ultrasonic position detection or simulation. The system matches readouts from an ultrasonic transducer and microphone combination placed on the face of a television monitor, or at angles to the user's game action, and from digitally coded data on a videotape, disc, or film, all in the context of a video game or educational system.
Prior-art video game devices enable players to control video images via buttons, knobs, and control sticks or wheels. These operating devices exercise limited finger movements and in no way simulate the actions and skills required of the player in the real-life games simulated by the video games.
Prior art systems are unable to allow the player to strike, throw-at, hit, or shoot a gun at the television monitor and hit a moving animated character or object and change the action multiple times at fractional to several second intervals in the course of an animated scene according to accurate drama and according to the skill of the player or operator in so doing.
Prior art systems are unable to allow the user to swing a baseball bat, tennis racket, or other game instrument interactively in accord with the projected perspective of the animated scene, in front of the television monitor, and thus hit or change animated projectory according to a game or dramatics.
Another problem endemic to the prior art systems with digitally produced animation is the confined and restricted graphics which coincide with needlepoint art in the large grid squares. Primarily two dimensional, such digital animation is inferior to the camera-originated and the computor type animation of theatrical productions. Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to afford the three dimension effectiveness of the camera-originated type animation to video game graphics which are controlled by the player.
Prior art video branching systems use apparatus that switches between two or more channels or picture quadrants on the conclusion of a scene or dramatic action. Such switching depends on the viewer's judgement as expressed by pushing, buttons, other restricted video game controls, or a voice response as in the embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,131 12/81 Best. The result of such switching or branching is the beginning of another scene, episode, or game action. Different type actions can be animated in a transition number of frames into a common matching drawing that affords multiple branching, but these converging actions terminate the multiple different actions, and result in multiple beginnings of actions.
Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide an animation method that affords rapid and repeated switching from and to continuously radically different types of action smoothly, logically, and according to the dramatics.
Another object is to simulate the exact playing action, requiring the player to exercise the same muscular coordination, eye-hand coordination, and kinesthetic skills of the real-life game or dramatic action.
Other objectives are to create a camera-originated three dimension visual game simulation of the view from a player's eyes that approaches reality; and to accompany the foregoing with the audio voices of umpires, spectators, and scorekeepers together with the sound effects of the operator's and the animated player's action.
Summary of the Invention
The foregoing objects and others are achieved in accordance with the principles of this invention by an ultrasonic transducer and microphone combination that produces a signal which is responsive to the placement of the head of the invention playing instrument on a plastic shield which is over the face of the television monitor. This signal is converted to digital form and compared to a digital readout from the coded motion picture frame of the animated object location and displayed at the time of the instrument contact. This comparison is used to determine a specific alternate track and a switch by the multiple track video apparatus to that track, or to determine that the player has missed and the animation should continue on the same track.
In one embodiment a playing missile such as a ball or dart is cast by the player at the face of the television monitor. A point microphone combination placed on the monitor face and and below on both sides of the path of the thrown missile are responsive to an ultrasonic transducer in the missile, and produce digital signals which measure the path of the missile, the speed, and the contact. A readout of this contact digital position is compared to the digitally coded animation.
Three or more point microphones are placed on the monitor face and below a baseball batter, or a tennis player, as a configuration similar in use to a home plate or a base position. The playing instrument, bat, or racket contains an ultrasonic transducer at the simulated ball-contact point. As the player swings the instrument at the animated illusion of an approaching ball, the angles and distances between the transducer and microphone are measured in respect to the passage of the transducer over the simulated home-plate playing and hitting area. The resulting digitally determined mid-air position is compared to the coded animation as a projected position in front of the television where the animated ball illusion would travel if it were reality, and where the player would hit the ball. The speed of the player's swing may also be measured from the microphone readout, and this factor may effect the animated ball return in the event of a hit ball. In the event of a hit or a coincidence of the digital numbers during comparison, the proximity of the exact coincidence, and the angle of coincidence may effect the switching and resulting ball return action.
Other methods are described that allow the action or the voice of the user to switch the display to make the animated picture respond interactively.
The animation method of the invention applies to multiple tracks of operating animation and the switching thereof. Rapid and multiple switching may occur in the course of a scene of only several seconds duration without effecting the followthrough and smooth action of the animate drawing progression or the illusion of reality. This is accomplished by a method of forced relating and joining interwoven, parallel, and converging animation paths and thus affording switching, back and forth, at close intervals, and by a method of delayed switching to compensate for animated illusion factors or dramatic factors simulating nature.
The system consists of a plurality of game or educational episodes of a minute or more duration and that allow a plurality of switching points--as a tennis volley or a player at bat during a baseball game. On the conclusion of each of these camera-originated animated film episodes, the system switches to a circuit of digitally produced animation displaying scenes that score or supplement the video game or educational system. During this period a random number device may select one of the sixty to a hundred episodes of animation--in the preferred embodiment--and a rewind to the selected episode is effected. Thus the system of multiple scenes interactively switched by the action of the user and multiple episodes that may be determined by random choice, user action, or user choice creates such a complexity of graphic pattern and dramatic odds that the uncertainties of reality are simulated although the animation is pre-photographed, prerecorded, and programmed.
The preferred embodiment of the invention incorporates a single track that carries the audio and picture combination of four different animation actions which in the absence of other processing would be displayed one in each quadrant of the television tube. The system incorporates blanking circuitry which eliminates video signals from all but one quadrant and circuitry that selects this television action in one quadrant and then centers and expands the picture to occupy the entire raster of the tube. The concept is detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,837,003. The audio in U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,498.
Description of the Drawing
The invention will be more fully comprehended from the following detailed description and accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing one embodimant of the invention using a video-tape and a video-tape reader for the primary circuit and a secondary circuit of digitally produced animation for scoring and diagram scenes.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an alternate section of FIG. 1. The method incorporates three single-point microphones placed in a triangular pyramid configuration before the television monitor as illustrated in FIG. 3. The microphones measure the distance from a mid-air transducer inside a swinging playing instrument. The digital coordinates of the mid-air ball hit position are compared to the coordinates of a projected position of the perspective in the animation action displayed.
FIG. 3 illustrates the placement of the single-point microphones in a triangular pyramid configuration with the playing instrument transducer before the television monitor.
FIG. 4 diagrams ultrasonic transponder transmission of pulse waves to a single-point receiver.
FIG. 5 diagrams pulses transmitted and received.
FIG. 6 diagrams transmitted and received pulses graphically explaining the Doppler Effect.
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a rifle version of a video game Joy-Stick instrument used to control a cursor.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an alternate section of FIG. 1 incorporating the Joy-Stick rifle as a rheostat determining the strobe position on the television monitor. The coordinates of the strobe position are compared to animation position coordinates as diagrammed in FIG. 1.
FIG. 9 is a cross section diagram of a playing instrument, light pen, or other embodiment incorporating a photo cell or diode light measurement.
FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an alternate section of FIG. 1. A light pen or other embodiment of this light measurement device incorporates the diagrammed circuitry to establish player determined position coordinates which are compared to coded animation coordinates.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of an animated run (A) and walk (B) cycle. The primary path of action is shown 300 and 301. The illustration of the run cycle reveals a wider action in the path of the character drawings.
FIG. 12 is a diagram of a path of action for a character running or walking in a stationary position on a moving pan background.
FIG. 13 is a diagram of four different character paths of action all moving on a pan background, and all incorporating a coincidence at the lift drawings in these cycles of the same animated cartoon character.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of four different paths of action, all moving in a stationary position on a moving pan background, and all incorporating the coincidence of a forced drawing at a universal position in the sinking action of the cycles.
FIG. 15 diagrams an angular reversal of action, a widely spaced fast action progression of animated drawings, and a circular reversal in the path of action.
FIG. 16 diagrams a point of parallel between two different animation actions and an intersection of paths of actions that are moving in the same general direction.
FIG. 17 diagrams four converging circular reversal actions at a drawing with forced details designed to fit all four actions and serve as a switching point.
FIG. 18 diagrams four animated actions converging at the point of angular reversal in a drawing with forced details designed to fit all four actions.
FIG. 19 diagrams a switching point of the invention animation method incorporating a circular reversal, a parallel action, and an angular reversal of animated action.
FIG. 20 diagrams three different golf swing actions that coincide according to the forced drawing method at the point of golf ball contact, loss of silhouette definition, and widely spaced fast action.
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the animation method that schedules an episode single scene of an attack against the player by a dragon, monster, tiger, bear, cave man, man from space, or other dangerous adversary.
FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an episode of the animation branching method as one embodiment of a tennis game volley.
Detailed Description
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a block diagram of the invention video amusement system as an embodiment of two different types of video-game circuits. The primary circuit incorporates camera-originated motion pictures with audio as supplied by video tape 11 and video tape player 12. The invention method of animation switching is incorporated in the animation art and coded in tracks 11. At the completion of a game episode the tape rewinds to another game episode according to a random number device 20 (pseudo-random number device). During this rewind a secondary animation circuit displays the scoreboard with the score of the game and related audio. The secondary circuit incorporates digitally produced animation. In embodiments the secondary circuit may supply the audio of audience response, score announcements, and the video of superimposed scores similar to a DX run on an animation camera. The secondary circuit embodiment diagrammed in FIG. 1 is prior art which is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,131 to Best. The embodiment diagrammed is incorporated in said patent of a video game system which affords simulated conversation and voice orders between the human operator and the apparatus. Accordingly, the complete apparatus diagrammed in FIG. 1 may be enlarged to constitute a video game that allows the player to talk to, and answer questions from the apparatus with verbal response and orders that effect the course of the animation, and to touch or otherwise contact the animation picture and effect the course of the animation, or a combination of both verbal response and player contact with the televised animated character.
The invention encompasses the multiple combinations and variations of the specified elements of the invention. For example, the player's skill or mental choice as indicated by touching or speaking creates a change in the animation as described herewith. Hundreds of other scenes may follow that are a continuation of the player's choice or skill as specifically related to this one original scene. Instead of a rewind to another scene or episode that is determined by random number mechanics, as specified in the preferred embodiment, the player's action or choice may determine rewinds to another scene or episode. During such rewinds the secondary circuit displays digital animation scenes as described in the preferred embodiment; however, the scope and spirit of the invention encompasses the obvious addition of a video disc player or another tape player to the invention secondary circuit that would effect a continuous series of camera-originated animation scenes. Further, the use of the work "animation" in the present invention application in no way restricts the obvious scope and spirit of the invention to hand drawn animated graphics. The invention encompasses any type of timed or humanly manipulated motion pictures. Such scope encompasses optically-timed live-action motion pictures and computor type motion picture graphics.
Referring to FIG. 1, a clear transparent sheet of heavy plastic 7 is installed over the screen 24 of the television monitor 25. The two strip microphones 8 and 10 are mounted along the mutually perpendicular edges of the sheet 7 in a position above and at the side of screen 24. A playing instrument 6 includes a tip 5. Instrument 6 is connected to a pulse generator 22 which causes the tip 5 of instrument 6 to produce repetitive ultrasonic pulse outputs. The ultrasonic pulses can be produced by a ceramic transducer or high voltage sparking between two electrodes on the instrument 6. Instrument 6 also includes an internal switch which indicates whether or not the contact tip 5 is in contact with the surface of sheet 7.
The two strip microphones 8 and 10 are responsive to the ultrasonic pulses produced by instrument 6. These microphones 8 and 10, in conjunction with clock 23, counters 14 and 16, and logic circuitry 21, measure the time for the propagation delay between the radiation of a pulse at instrument 6 and its arrival at the respective microphones 8 and 10. Logic circuitry 21 can comprise circuits well known in the art for combining the outputs from microphones 8 and 10, pulse generator 22 and clock 23 to control counters 14 and 16 which count or measure the time delays. Counters 14 and 16 also comprise known electrical circuits. The measured time delays establish the coordinates of the location of contact tip 5 on the surface of sheet 7 at the time of any particular pulse output. The foregoing method of ultrasonic pulse measurement to establish coordinates of an instrument contact location is prior art. The application of this ultrasonic method to a television video recording apparatus using the invention animation switching method is unique and unknown in the art.
The animator's field position of the vital target point in the animated character or object is entered by the animator on each frame of the production exposure sheet that instructs the exposure of those drawings of animation that detail an object in a position to be contacted, fired at, shot, hit, touched, or otherwise effected by the player's action and skill. Such locations per frame are converted to digital binary coordinates. The motion picture frames are counted, specified, and used to enter a table of values holding these object or character positions and vital data on the tape or disc at the beginning of each episode. All of these numbers are stored in the circuit RAM 51 of FIG. 1 and retrieved when applicable to the animation action and video game play. This process is simpler than recording the data on each frame as it appears. The frame number is recorded at intervals on the video tape track 11 and used as a track guide instead of a frame meter which would create problems in the event of a tape breakage. Special track coding allows fast rewinds to specific frames located from track signals. Referring to FIG. 11, the coded field positions with frame numbers are stored by player 12 from tape or disc 11 into RAM 51 at the beginning of each episode. This table of values in RAM 51 supplies pertinent data to logic circuitry 17 on time to be compared to the coordinates of the player's actions and skills as described heretofore in the various embodiments of position determination.
The comparator circuit 18 of FIG. 1 compares the two field coordinates derived from the digital readouts of counters 14 and 16 to the two coordinates of the animation target position from logic circuitry 17 and RAM 51. The comparator 18 instructs the processor circuit 19 if the player has scored a hit at, or close to, the point of coincidence, giving the degree or proximity of the hit to the point of coincidence and the angle of animation progression that will result from an off-center hit. Based on this data an order for a track switch, if indicated, is dispatched by processor 19 to video tape player 12 which switches between tracks 1, 2, 3, and 4 based on the program of the episode and track instruction from program memory cartridge 26, RAM 55, and cueing unit 53.
Referring to FIG. 1, the secondary circuit animation and scoreboard graphics is generated by cartoon graphics generator 57 from digital data which may be read along with digitalized audio from ROM memory 27 or other magnetic mass-storage device. Retrieval unit 52 is a conventional peripheral input controller which stores into memory the digitally coded blocks of information obtained from ROM memory 27. This information includes control data which retrieval unit 52 stores into random access memory (R A M) 51 for use by dispatcher unit 19, and audio and/or graphics data which unit 52 stores into RAM 55 for use by cueing unit 53. The control data includes cue commands and schedule commands. Cue commands specify short term operation during an interval of time, while schedule commands represent longer term points in time, and form chains which define and relate to alternate (multiple track) schedule. Dispatcher 19 controls the course of the animated cartoon or scoreboard audio-video and stores cue commands into cue table 54. Cueing unit 53 executes the cue commands. Cueing unit 53 repeatedly scans cue table 5 to get commands telling it what to do and the time it should done. Dispatcher unit 19 may request successive blocks of control information from retrieval unit 52 and output into cue table memory 54 a schedule (called a cue table) of operations for cueing unit 53. Dispatcher 19 repeatedly updates the cue table schedule as the cartoon progresses. Dispatcher 19 processes the various optional player input controls 28 which may be input via the conventional video game hand-held instruments and stores the different player commands into cue table 54.
As described, dispatcher 19 controls the course of the cartoon and stores cue commands into cue table 54. Cueing unit 53 executes the cue commands at the times specified therein by conveying to the cartoon graphics generator circuit 57 blocks of binary-coded data previously stored into RAM 55 by retrieval unit 52 and these blocks of data are used by the cartoon graphics generator 57 to generate cartoon frames which are then displayed on television monitor 25. Digital audio passes from ROM memory 27 through retrieval unit 52 to memory 55 to digital to analog converter 56 and hence to system speaker 28. The binary coded data stored into RAM 55 is reinforced by individual game data supplied by program memory cartridge 26. The circuits described as components of the secondary digital animation circuit are known in the prior art.
The primary four track video tape animation circuit of the present invention, which is diagrammed in FIG. 1, is operated and scheduled by the processor dispatcher 19 which has control of the course of the camera-originated animation. The comparator 18 furnishes the results of the player's action to the processor 19 which instructs the switching of tracks 1, 2, 3, and 4 with game position to video tape player 12. At the termination of a game episode either random number generator 20, player input 28, or instrument 6 placement on sheet 7 specifies an episode to processor 19 which instructs tape player 12 of the rewind. The progress of the game comprising both animation circuits is controlled by processor 19 based on data from program game memory 26 and ROM memory 27 and the operation of the secondary circuit retrieval, cueing, and memory circuits as described above. As ordered by processor 19, this instruction is sent to tape player 12 by the cueing unit 53.
The invention operates using film, video tape, video disc, or digital stored and/or generated animation. All of these video mediums can be coded and adapted to the invention circuits and apparatus. The embodiment described is video tape.
The motion picture film embodiment of the invention operates using multiple film tracks of operating film read by multiple heads, multiple tracks of animation exposed on one motion picture film in a parallel or alternate exposure, conventional single frame exposure with each frame carrying a picture combination of four quadrants, and multiple tracks of such quandrant type film. All of such film methods may be incorporated in film cassettes. Film quandrants are masked in projection. Such film is projected on screens that are related to the microphone installations described. The large and wide screen projection afforded by film creates a panoramic animation display that is interactive with the player or human operator use of large instrument simulations as airplane cockpits, automobile driving interiors, or various weaponry all of which move when guided by the player during action requiring a simulated skill. Simulated audio effects and the use of voice recognition, command, questions, and animation reaction to such audio adds to the simulation effect.
In FIG. 1 the digital memory cartridge 26 can be various types of memory and may be plugged in to change the scenario. Any, memory cartridge 26 may supply the coded animation used by the primary circuit of the invention.
The video tape embodiment of the invention may operate using multiple video tape tracks read by multiple heads, multiple video and audio tracks incorporated in a single tape on a line sharing basis, or a single track signal that carries a picture quadrant using a blanking circuit that centers and enlarges the selected picture, or a combination of the above methods.
An embodiment of ultrasonic position detection FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 incorporates an installation of single-point microphones before the face 24 of television monitor 25, which is the location of microphone 8, and to the right and left of center, which are the locations of microphones 9 and 10 on the floor. The circuitry of counting the microphone reading of pulses is similar to FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a block diagram section which replaces the similar circuits and apparatus of FIG. 1. Using the three triangular formation variable measurements, 5 to 8, 5 to 9, 5 to 10, a mid-air location of the hitting point transducer 5 of the swinging bat is determined and interactively related to the animation--which may be a baseball pitcher throwing a baseball, in perspective, at the player. Simulating reality, the player swings the bat 6 or racket at the oncoming animated ball. As the transducer 5 in the bat passes a mid-air position over the plate (or triangular microphone installation) where the perspective projection of the animated ball (if it were real) would be hit, the proximity to coincidence of animation code position and player instrument is determined, the angle between ball code position and bat hit point 5 is determined, the velocity of the player's bat is measured from the microphone readout, and the animation reacts accordingly.
In other embodiments of ultrasonic position detection the playing instrument 6 of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 may be a portable missile such as a dart, rubber ball, schuttle-cock, or suction tip arrow that comprises batteries, electrodes, and switches to effect ultrasonic pulse output. A switch assembly may be installed under the sides of a clear plastic shield over the face 24 of the television monitor 25 of FIG. 3 that would be responsive to pressure on the plastic shield, and thus indicate the point in time of missile contact. The position of the thrown missile is calculated by the three vectors 5-8, 5-9, 5-10 diagrammed in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Another embodiment uses the two strip microphones 8 and 10 of FIG. 1.
Various means of ultrasonic measurement may be used according to game needs, distances, and vector geometry. FIG. 4 shows an ultrasonic transponder XMIT 1 which transmits audio waves 2 or pulses in response to an electrical signal. These are received by single-point microphone REC 3. FIG. 5 shows these pulses transmitted in position 4 and received at position 5. To avoid problems with ambiguity, the transmit pulses must be spaced in time farther apart than the longest distance of interest to be measured. A clock or digital counter is set to zero by the transmit pulse and started up. When the first part of the received signal arrives the timing is stopped. The time t.sub.x of 5 can be converted to distance when the velocity of sound in the medium is used as a scale factor. This process is simple if it is all in one plane, and if point receivers and transmitters are used, and there is no reflections. An additional measurement can be made using the Doppler Effect. Refer to FIG. 6 position 6. This is the same as FIG. 5 position 4 and represents the case where the transmitter XMIT is not moving relative to the receiver REC. If the transmitter XMIT is controlled to send out pulses at fixed time intervals measured within the transmitter, the additional Doppler Effect measurement can be made. In FIG. 6 position 7 the transmitter is moving toward the receiver and moves the distance X 9 between pulses. Likewise as in FIG. 6 position 8 where the transmitter is moving away a distance Y 10 occurs. The Doppler Effect is determined by measuring the frequency of the received pulses. This measures the velocity of the transmitter relative to the receiver, and is a factor in determining the velocity of the transmitter playing instrument.
An embodiment of position detection incorporating a Light Pen is diagrammed in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. The Light Pen is so called because it is used like a pen--but it does not produce any light. In FIG. 9 a photo cel or diode 80 is enclosed in a case 83. An opening hole 82 allows light exposure to reach the diode 80 which is connected by, and signals on, the wire 81. Such device is incorporated as part of a playing instrument of the invention video game--or educational system. The Light Pen is held on, or close to, the face of the TV CRT with the opening 82 lined up parallel to the face. The detector inside produces a pulse when the cathode ray beam of the television sweeps past the Light Pen opening 82. The pulse signal is used to "tell" the system where the Pen 83 is located by referring the pulse back to the sweep circuits of the TV system. Referring to FIG. 10, the horizontal position is found by taking a sample of the sweep voltage at the pulse time, and from this determining the percent of the sweep or time. The vertical position of the Pen contact is determined by counting the sweeps to the contact point on the face of the monitor. The Light Pen device may be encased in a plurality of forms or playing instruments. One embodiment similar to a spatula is illustrated in FIG. 9. The handle holds a limited movement knuckle joint 85. The Light Pen 86 is encased in the extension from the knuckle joint 85 to a contact surface 87 which may be in multiple shapes including a strung racket to simulate a badmington racket. Thus the player touches the television face with the simulated racket to hit and return an animated schuttle-cock across the net to an animated opponent.
Other embodiments of position detection incorporate known circuits and devices as those named a Mouse, a Tracking Ball, and a Joy-Stick. The Tracking Ball and Joy-Stick use the same type of circuitry as diagrammed in FIG. 8. Such devices control the movement of a strobe, a cursor, or some other displayed element. FIG. 7 illustrates a mounted rifle playing instrument which is a variation of a Joy-Stick. The aiming of the rifle in a socket joint moves rheostats 2 and 3 as shown in FIG. 8. The voltage readout effects means which are well known to effect a strobe. Pulling the trigger of the rifle activates the apparatus. Using this position orientation as a guide the player reaims the rifle to hit or cover the animation target and effect the animation via the unique means of this invention. Other circuitry for the rifle device uses a simple switch, rather than the voltage readout. The switch turns on a counter which is shut-off by the player when the strobe spot is in the desired position. The counter signal can be used to move the strobe or cursor--and activate means giving a digital readout to compare to the coded animation position. Combinations of such strobe position means may be incorporated with the previous device described as additions to enhance simulation.
The animation method comprises means of repeated branching or switching in multiple possible directions from converging multiple directions in paths of action, and in this process retaining a continuity of shape progression that is dramatically believable and does not violate an illusion of reality while retaining widely divergent drawing in the key extreme positions between the different actions and thus retaining the character of each action. The invention applies this method to a system of multiple switching positions that may be spaced (timed) as close together as twelve frames (1/2 second) or longer periods that amount to an entire scene. A plurality of such switching positions may occur at even intervals or widely variable intervals during the course of the animation.
For an understanding of animation technique, the reader is referred to two art instruction books by the inventor, Preston Blair, titled: "Animation" No. 26 and "How to ANIMATE Film Cartoons" No. 190 published by Walter Foster Art Books. The examples of an animated walk and run cycle illustrated in FIG. 11 are from "Animation" No. 26.
The invention can accomodate the switching at certain times in an action to make the animation look smooth. At these proper moments in a movement a degree of forced drawing is introduced to also accomodate the switching. The types of switching points of the invention are illustrated in diagrams and drawings in FIGS. 11 through 20.
In FIG. 11 the path of action 301 indicates the primary direction of movement of the character in a walk cycle. Path of action 300 indicates the wider movement of a run cycle. The paths of action referred to in this invention are these primary or principle paths of action of the entire character mass, as indicated by paths 300 and 301. Secondary paths of action in a character as the reversing swing of the arms and hands and the circular lifting and falling of the feet action with other secondary animation paths may, in certain scenes and staging, become the primary action of the scene.
An animation character walk or run cycle constitutes two steps or forward leg actions. The switching points of the invention occur at points where all converging animations have the uniform right or left leg action. In FIG. 11 the extremes of action are the point of foot contact 302-307 and 312-317, the recoil position 303-308 and 313-318, and the high lift position 305 and 315. The extreme arm and leg positions of the walk 302-307 and run 312-317 have silhouette definition that seperates and gives character to each action, whereas, the method points of silhouette loss and action convergance are during the upward lift action 304 and 314. The action drawing at these points is forced into a brief proximity by the invention method for switching purposes. The method forcing or revision of the action in both side-view cycles is effected without damaging or causing the two actions to look like each other. The reason is that the vital silhouettes of the different looking extremes have not been tampered or altered. In side-view actions, as here illustrated, switching occurs--and method forced drawing occurs--at areas of animation wherein silhouette definition is lost, which is due in this case to the passing of the arms and legs in action. Other cases of silhouette loss and opportunity for method forced drawing occur in foreshortened perspective action. These are actions wherein the character is progressing directly at, or away from the viewer. An opportunity for the method forced drawing occurs in most animated actions. The method is illustrated by different golf swings as diagrammed in FIG. 20. The wind-ups 336 differ widely in path and character drawing as do the follow-through actions 337. The method switching and forced drawing is at the ball contact 336 when silhouette definition is lost. Position 335 also illustrates another method switching and forced drawing point in an animated action. Such points occur at the center of widely spaced or fast actions. This type of switching point is diagrammed in FIG. 15 position 329. All types of leaps, jumps, dives, or other quick actions contain such switching and forced drawing points that allow for the method. The movement of the background effects the pattern of paths of action. The walk and run cycle becomes circular in the example diagrammed by FIG. 12 wherein the character progresses in a stationary area while on a moving pan. The switching method point of FIG. 12 cycles would thus be at the rising action point 324 or 325. Four such cycles thus converging momentarily for switching in FIG. 13 incorporate the switching point at the lift 327. Other types of cycles offer switching according to the method in FIG. 14 at the sinking point 328 of the actions.
The method switching points also occur at points in actions of momentary uniformity as: parallel actions, circular reversals or recoils, angular reversals or recoils, various intersections of actions that are angular and traveling in the same direction together, a uniform turning of characters, and twirls. Obvious switching points in animation are also used by the invention as: from a pose or held position, from a point of brief disappearance of the characters behind objects, or from brief movement offstage.
FIG. 15 diagrams the method points in actions of angular reversal 330 and circular reversal 331. Both of these actions occur in recoils and many other actions. FIG. 18 diagrams four actions into a common point of angular reversal 334. FIG. 17 diagrams four circular reversal actions that incorporate method switching at point 338.
FIG. 16 diagrams a method switching point at an angled intersection of two actions (moving together) and a third parallel action to the point of intersection. Thus FIG. 16 shows two switching examples: during parallel actions, and during actions with angled intersection.
Combinations of switching patterns are diagrammed in FIG. 19. The switching point 335 combines two parallel actions with an angular point of reversal and a circular point of reversal. Accordingly, the invention method enables many different types of animated action to be connected by multiple switching points which are of multiple types in combination.
Each episode of the invention games is diagrammed or planned according to a schematic schedule. Educational system lessons are similarly planned.
Referring to FIG. 21, a schematic schedule of an embodiment of a dragon or monster attack episode diagrams a three dimension foreshortened action which races forward from the the distant background directly at the player. The video tape rewinds to one of a hundred different wild animal attacks determined by random number mechanics. One of four tracks is selected by random choice 231. In area 232 the monster advances from the distance reaching the firing range of the player 235 at which time the frames are coded allowing a player hit. During the advancing area 233, a hit in a vital area of the dragon monster will effect a switch of the animation at track switch 242 to the track four injured action 238 of the monster. A scheduled delay between firing limit 236 and the track switch 242 compensates for dramatic and animation factors needed in certain actions. If the player can hit the injured monster a second time in the following advance area 234, the injured action track action is switched to the fatal injury action 239 at switching point 243. The animated demise of the attacking monster occurs at demise 243. Thus two hits are required to injure the monster and fatally wound the beast in two advancing areas. Each demise 244, 245, etc. is a different dramatic end of the monster. If the player's skill is insufficient to save him from destruction by the monster he will meet his fate at player demise 241. If the game is played by two players, the survivor is the winner. If played by two teams, the surviving team wins--or those still alive. Variations of this game and schedule incorporate space attack by alien spaceships, underwater shark attacks, aerial dogfights, or shoot-outs of western or other styles, etc. In a game in which the attacker shoots at the player, the vulnerable position of the player is registered by the player using the instrument position detection and establishment means of the invention. Such player position embodiment may incorporate a gun belt with the transducer 5 of FIG. 3 installed in the buckle center.
Referring to FIG. 22 a schematic schedule of a tennis game volley is diagrammed. The game is played by two players who alternate in volleys against an animated tennis opponent, and the game is scored exactly as tennis. At the start of each volley, the video tape rewinds to one of a hundred different tennis volleys that is determined by random choice. The volley begins with the random choice 240 (unevenly weighted) of one of four tracks of the animated tennis player preparing for the serve 241. On track 1 the serve is good and the ball animates to the foreground to a position where the human player hits the ball 245. On track 2 a similar action occurs with a different action and paths of action. On track 3 the first serve is a fault 242, but the second serve is good and the and the ball advances in a different path of action to the player hit position 245. On track 4 the animated player double faults 244 and the volley is over. If the human player misses the ball the volley is over at track switch 248. If the player hits the ball 245, the track selection 248 and return of the ball is determined by the accuracy and the related angle of return. Track 1 hits the net in an error and the volley ends. Track 2, 3, and 4 return the ball in different patterns which converge as the animated character hits the ball at the return hit 246 back to the following human player hit position 247. The game is played from the perspective of the eye of a tennis player. The ball is hit from the distant background and comes forward in perspective to the player hitting area. As the game moves from side to side of the tennis court the perspective of the entire court is animated--using computer type theatrical animation--to simulate reality. Thus the camera-originated animation includes both the hand-drawn full character animation and the computer type animation used in science fiction features.
Many game embodiments may be simulated by the invention animation and player action. Suspense and dramatic situations place the player in a simulated danger or in positions requiring skills and reflex action. Such animation simulates, for example, the three dimension visual action confronting the eye of a space traveler, an explorer attacked by ancient monsters in an unknown land resembling the pre-historic, an underwater swimmer attacked by huge sharks, octopuses, torpedos from enemy submarines, and frogmen denizens of the deep. An eskimo is attacked by polar bears and wolves. On an African Safari rhinos, elephants, and tigers attack the player. Based on World War I airplanes, an aerial dogfight casts the player in the cockpit of a plane being attacked by on-coming planes and destroying enemy planes and dirigibles according to his accuracy with a gun. The clouds of the sky pass by in the realism of feature type three dimension animation art. The player searches every mist for the appearance of the devil Red Baron and his squadron of executioners. Suddenly the sound of enemy machine guns fill the air as planes attack from every angle. In all forms of combat the player may use the ultrasonic detection means of the invention to shoot at attackers, and the ultra sonic means enable the animated attacker to shoot at or contact the player--thus ending the game. In these many fantastic adventures the player is allied and helped by friends. Dolphins help the player attack huge strange denisons of the deep sea. Superman, Batman, Bugs Bunny, The Hulk, Wonder Woman, friendly space creatures, or the likes of Dick Tracy help, talk to the player, ask the player questions about strategy, and act according to the player's verbal response as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,131 to Best. Thus, funny rabbits, wise owls, friendly racoons, big birds, small mice, giant dragons, and tiny insects may speak, act, and reason with the player in educational games based on player action and voice.
Ping-pong, badmington, volley ball, baseball, tennis, skeet-shooting, and other ball-return games are embodiments. Games as baseball may use camera-originated animation with diagrammatic digital animation. Games may be played on diagram scenes displaying playing boards that use episodes of camera-originated animation to advance the game play.
Other games of combat incorporate embodiments wherein the player evades being shot by gunfighters or hit by cavemen throwing stones by his movement before the face of the television monitor. A transducer mounted on the player creates a digital readout that may coincide with digital position of the oncoming bullet or other animated projectile unless the player is able to move out of the way--or line of fire.
While the invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment it is understood that various modifications, alternate construction and equivalents may be employed without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention uses are not restricted to video games, and the uses of the invention incorporate educational systems with memory circuits that record and grade the player action and response.
Alternate versions of the circuits described may be used to displace those specified. Therefore, the above desription, circuits specified, apparatus specified, and graphic diagrams should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The invention is the combination of the above methods, circuits, and apparatus. Such a combination results in a unique operation and unknown function in prior art, although fractions of such combination are prior art.
The invention combination is defined by the appended and following claims.
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of animating multiple tracks of motion picture production of different actions of the same character providing the means of repeated jump-switching from multiple tracks of animation action to multiple tracks of animation action during the action in a scene, while retaining in this process a smooth and logical sequence of drawing progression, the steps of the method comprising: recording the drawing number frame exposure of multiple actions of the same character on animation exposure sheets, scheduling specific frames wherein the actions coincide into the same drawing, or similar drawings occupying the same area, whereafter switching of animation action tracks may occur; said drawings of coinciding multiple actions being positions in the following types of animation actions: 1. angular change of direction, 2. circular change of direction, 3. momentary parallel of multiple actions, 4. animation character cycles, 5. animation character cycle actions progressing in a stationary position on a moving background, 6. fast animation character turning and twirling actions, 7. foreshortened perspective actions of animation characters progressing directly to or from the camera, 8. animation actions of anticipation/action/reaction, 9. actions of a burst of speed, planning the paths of action of said multiple actions leading into and out of the above types of coinciding animation actions on layout drawings and graphically locating the field position of drawings wherein the multiple tracks coincide to allow track switching, laying out projected key drawings of the scene in said paths of action, including those drawings in the above types of animation actions wherein the multiple actions coincide, recording the field size of the frames exposed (on exosure sheet) of drawings of coinciding tracks on animation exposure sheets, and recording the measurements of the N/S and E/W coordinates of the field location of the centers of said drawings with respect to two mutually perpendicular sides of the scene field on said frames, animating the drawings of said multiple actions of the same character according to the said layout paths of action and projected key drawings, forcing the animation of multiple actions into a distortion of direction, of drawing spacing, and of cycle construction to coincide into the same drawing, or a similar drawing with loss of silhouette definition, being positions in the following types of animation action, specifically as: 1. In animation actions of angular change of direction the drawing of coinciding tracks is positioned at the extreme corner of reversal, and is followed by a drawing leading in an angular change of direction; 2. In animation actions of circular change of direction the drawing of coinciding tracks is positioned at the center of the curve of reversal or the extremity of said action prior to reversal, 3. In the momentary parallel of multiple actions the drawing of coinciding tracks is positioned between the extremes of the actions during the lift or sink of the character and at the greatest loss of silhouette definition, 4. In animation character cycle actions the drawing of coinciding tracks may occur at the mutual point of greatest silhouette definition loss and at either the recoil, lift, or high point of the cycle, 5. In animation character cycle actions progressing in a stationary position on a moving background the drawing of coinciding tracks occurs at the lift point after the recoil, or at the sinking position, and with a loss or coinciding of silhouette definition, 6. In fast animation characer turning or twirling actions the drawing of coinciding tracks occurs at the center of the turning or twirling, 7. In foreshortened perspective actions of animation characers progressing directly to or from the camera, the actions are forced into similar drawings of the same area and with a loss of silhouette definition at the drawing of coinciding tracks, 8. In animation actions of deliberate anticipation, quick action, and deliberate recoil the center of the acton when silhouette definition is lost is the drawing of coinciding tracks, 9. In actions of a burst of speed the drawing of coinciding tracks occurs at the center of the burst of speed which may be a blurred or streaked drawing, 10. In animation actions comprising a combination of the above actions, producing multiple tracks of camera-originated animation film negative, frame coding multiple track film composite, video tape transfer, or video disc transfer, placing frame data of the drawings of coinciding tracks allowing track switching, with data of said drawing location coordinates for each scene, at the start of the scene for access by random access memory storage unit.
Patent Citations (2)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3817609 | 1974-06-01 | Vaughn | |
| US4214823 | 1980-07-01 | Pritchard |