US 4,671,935 AGrant
Method for Sterilizing Contact Lenses
Issue Date:1987-06-09
•4 Claims
•1 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
Method and apparatus for sterilizing contact lenses wherein the lenses are moved in a circular orbit within a microwave oven through variations of energy levels in the microwave field in the oven, with the orbit of movement being spaced from the floor of the oven.
Metadata
Assignee
- The Board of Regents for The University of Oklahoma
Inventors
- Michael D. Rohrer
- Ronald A. Bulard
Application Information
Application Number:US 7303815
Filing Date:1985-05-03
Priority Date:1983-11-21
Art Unit:136
Classifications
IPC:
A61L 200
Field of Search:
42221021;22;121748
Patent Drawings (1 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
Approximately ten to fifteen million people in the United States use daily-wear soft contact lenses. The major problem with the wearing of these lenses is the possibility of corneal infection. This is primarily the result of two factors, the inability of the patient to sterilize the lenses without damaging them, and the fact that a scratch on the cornea, which is extremely susceptible to becoming infected, will not hurt when covered by a comfortable soft contact lens.
Of the three main types of contact lenses, daily-wear hard lenses, daily-wear soft lenses and extended-wear soft lenses, only the daily-wear soft lenses present a major problem of infection. It is the wearers of these lenses that have a problem due to the lack of an adequate means of home sterilization. The present methods of disinfection of soft lenses have inherent problems. The chemical method results in almost all patients becoming allergic to the preservatives in the solutions and, therefore, unable to use the disinfecting method. The heat method requires a long term, often overnight, heating of the lenses in a solution. This requirement for a very demanding disinfection procedure results in poor patient compliance. Heat disinfection also causes damage to the lenses.
Another problem involving lens sterilization is that of sterilizing bandage lenses. A bandage lens is a high water content hydrophilic extended-wear soft contact lens. It is used to protect the cornea in a variety of situations such as protection following corneal surgery, and in various disease processes that prevent normal healing of the corneal epithelium, including poorly healing epithelial defects, corneal injuries and ulcerations.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention positioned within a microwave oven which is illustrated in dashed lines.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a container for a pair of contact lenses.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the container with the top removed.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 3.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring to the drawings in detail, and particularly FIG. 1, reference character 10 generally designates an apparatus for sterilizing contact lenses in accordance with this invention, positioned within a microwave oven 12 which is shown in dashed lines. The apparatus 10 comprises a turntable 14 positioned on the floor 16 of the microwave oven. The turntable 14 may be of any suitable type, such as a spring driven turntable sold by Nordic Ware of Minneapolis, Minn., under the trademark Micro-Go-Round. A pair of posts 18 and 20 are suitably secured to the top of the turntable 14 and extend upwardly to a generally central location within the microwave oven 12. A transverse support 22 is secured to the upper ends of the posts 18 and 20 to extend transversely from the vertical axis of the turntable 14 in a generally horizontal plane. The transverse member 22 is formed of a material which is transparent to microwaves, as well known in the art. A pair of horizontally spaced guides 24 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1) are provided on the top of the transverse member 22 to slidingly receive a rectangular container generally designated by the reference character 26 therebetween, such that the container 26 will be maintained in an upright position and will be moved through the interior of the oven 12 in a circular orbit oriented on a horizontal plane when the turntable 14 is placed in operation. It should also be noted here that the material of construction of the container 26 is such as to be transparent to microwaves and is preferably a plastic material for safe handling.
As shown in FIG. 2, the top 28 of the container 26 is secured to the body of the container by suitable hinges 30, such that the top 28 may be raised and lowered, and a suitable clasp 32 is provided on the opposite side of the top 28 for securing the top 28 in a closed position. A plurality of apertures 34 are provided through the top 28 for allowing steam to escape from the container 26 when the apparatus is placed in use, as will be described further below. Also, a pair of larger apertures 36 are provided in opposite corners of the top 28 which permit the introduction of saline into the container 28 as will also be described. Finally, an L is preferably placed near one end 38 of the top 28 and an R is preferably placed adjacent the opposite end 40 of the top 28 to indicate to the user where his respective left and right lenses should be placed in the container.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the sides 42 and bottom 44 of the container 26 are preferably solid, and a divider wall 46 extends transversely across the container 26 to divide the container in to left and right sections 48 and 50. A convex protrusion 52 is located or formed on the bottom of the continer in each of the left and right sections. Each protrusion 52 is made of a material transparent to microwaves and is of a size to receive a contact lens thereon, such that the contact lens will be maintained in basically its normal configuration during the sterilizing operation to be described below. It may also be noted that the enlarged apertures 36 in the top 28 of the container as illustrated in FIG. 2 are offset vertically from the respect protrusions 52.
Operation
Preparatory to sterilization, the lenses are removed from the eye, cleaned in the normal way between the fingers with cleaning solution to remove any protein debris. The cleaned lenses are then placed over the protrusions 52; whereupon the top 28 of the container 26 is closed and the container is placed between the guides 24 on the transverse support member 22 with the apparatus 10 located within the microwave oven 12. The door of the oven is closed, the oven is turned on and the turntable 14 is placed in operation. Thus, the container 26 and the lenses therein will be moved in a circular orbit on a horizontal plane within the oven 12, well above the bottom 16, whereby the lenses will be repetitively subjected to variations of energy levels (hot and cold spots) in the microwave field until the lenses are sterilized.
During operation of the apparatus 10, the lenses will dehydrate, but since the lenses are resting on the convex protrusions 52, each lens will not fold over and touch itself. As the lenses dehydrate, the steam generated thereby is free to escape through the apertures 34 in the top 28.
It should also be noted that a radar absorbent material (not shown) is preferably placed within the microwave oven during the irradiation to act as a load so the microwave oven is not being operated "empty" which could severely damage the magnetron, or energy source, since the unabsorbed microwave energy would be reflected back to the magnetron.
Following irradiation, the container 28 is removed and the patient introduces sterile saline through the apertures 36 before touching the lenses. Since the apertures 36 are vertically offset from the protrusions 52, the saline will be directed onto the bottom of the container and gradually envelope the lenses to ensure that no shock loads will be imposed on the lenses which may result in damage. After the container 26 has been partially filled with the saline solution above the level of the lenses. After the lenses are fully hydrated the patient opens the top 28, removes the lenses and places them in the eyes.
Aquaflex.TM. (tetrafilcon A) hydrophilic contact lenses manufactured by UCO Optics Inc. of Rochester, N.Y., have been sterilized by use of the present invention. Organisms that have been studied to this date for sterilization of the hydrophilic lenses and the time required for sterilization are as follows:
Virus contaminated contact lens studies are shown in the following Table.
Changes may be made in the combination and arrangement of parts or elements or steps and procedures without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of sterilizing a contact lens, comprising the steps of: placing the lens in a microwave oven having a floor; generating microwaves in the oven, and moving the lens in a generally circular orbit within the oven in spaced relation from the floor of the oven until the lens is sterilized.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the steps of placing the lens in the microwave and moving the lens in the circular orbit are characterized further to include the steps of: supporting the lens in a container which is transparent to microwaves; and moving the container in said circular orbit.
3. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the lens is maintained with its convex side up while being moved in the circular orbit.
4. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the circular orbit is on a horizontal plane.
Patent Citations (8)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3494722 | 1970-02-01 | Gray | |
| US3676058 | 1972-07-01 | Gray | |
| US3753651 | 1973-08-01 | Boucher | |
| US3885915 | 1975-05-01 | Utsumi et al. | |
| US3926556 | 1975-12-01 | Boucher | |
| US4202740 | 1980-05-01 | Stoner et al. | |
| EPX108661 | 1984-05-01 | ||
| GBX1294829 | 1972-11-01 |
Non-Patent Literature (27)
- Disclosure Statement and Attachments filed in co-pending, Parent Application; "Apparatus for exposure to Microwaves", Ser. No. 553,788.
- Kahler et al. The Nature of the Effect of a High-Frequency Electric Field Upon Paramoecium, Public Health Rep.; vol. 44:339-347, 1929.
- Beckwith et al., Ultrasonic Radiation and Yeast Cells, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 29:362-364, 1931.
- Fleming, Effect of High-Frequency Fields on Microorganisms, Elec. Eng., vol. 63(1); 18-21, 1944.
- Brown et al., An Exploration of the Effects of Strong Radiofrequency Fields on Microorganisms in Aqueous Solutions, Food Technology, vol. 8:361-366, 1954.
- Teixeira-Pinto et al., The Behavior of Unicellular Organisms in an Electromagnetic Field, Exper. Cell Research; 20:548-564, 1960.
- White et al., Report on Effect of Cooking by Radiofrequency Waves on Bacteria in Food, Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the P.H. Laboratory Sewe, vol. 21-22:227-236, 1962.
- Grecz et al., Effect of Radiofrequency Energy (2450 mc) on Bacterial Spores, Bacteriol. Proc.: p. 145, 1964.
- McLellan et al., Effects of Microwave Cookery on the Bacterial Counts of Food, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 28:331-335, 1965.
- Lacey et al., Effects of Microwave Cookery on the Bacterial Counts of Food, J. Appl. Bact.; 28(2):331-335, 1965.
- Olsen, Microwaves Inhibit Bread Mold, Food Engineering; Jul.: 51-53, 1965.
- Takashima, Studies on the Effect of Radiofrequency on Biological Macromolecules, IEEE Trans. Bio.-Med. Eng., 13:28-31, 1966.
- Goldblith, Basic Principles of Microwaves and Recent Developments, Advan. Food Res., 15:277-301, 1966.
- Goldblith et al., Effect of Microwaves on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, Appl. Microbiol., 15:1371-1375, 1967.
- Delany et al., Microwave Energy Appl. Newsletter, vol. 1, p. 11, 1968.
- Lechowich et al., Procedure for Evaluating the Effects of 2,450 Megahertz Microwaves upon Streptococcus faecalis and Saccharomyces cereisiae, Appl. Microbiol., 17:106-110, 1969.
- Culkin et al., Destruction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in Microwave-Cooked Soups, Journal of Milk and Food Technol., vol. 38:8-15, 1975.
- Latimer et al., Microwave Oven Irradiation as a Method for Bacterial Decontamination in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 6:340-342, 1977.
- Wood, Microwave Sterilization of Tissue Culture Media, Hort. Science; vol. 16(3):417-418, 1981.
- Sanborn et al., Microwave Sterilization of Plastic Tissue Culture Vessels for Reuse, Appl. and Environmental Microbiology, 44:960-964, 1982.
- Zimmerman et al., Fast Fixation of Surgical Pathology Specimens, Lab. Med., 3:29-30, 1972.
- Emerson, Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers and Anechoic Chambers Through the Years, IEEE Transactions, vol. AP-21, No. 4, Jul. 1973.
- Bernard, Microwave Irradiation as a Generator of Heat for Histological Fixation, Stain Technology, vol. 49:215-224, 1974.
- Petrere et al., Microwave Fixation of Fetal Specimens, Stain Technology, vol. 52:113-114, 1977.
- Login, Microwave Fixation Versus Formalin Fixation of Surgical and Autopsy Tissue, American Journal of Medical Technology, vol. rr:435-437, 1978.
- Patterson et al., Microwave Fixation of Cells in Tissue Culture, Stain Technology 55:71-75, 1980.
- Patterson et al., Fixation of Cells in Tissue Culture by Microwave Irradiation, Journal of Tissue Culture Methods, vol. 6(1):1-3, 1981.