Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to subsurface safety valves for controlling flow in wells, such as oil and gas wells, and more particularly relates to a subsurface safety valve controlled from a remote location, such as at the surface and which responds in a minimum time. More specifically, the invention relates to a remotely controllable pilot valve for a conventional subsurface safety valve operated by control fluid pressure communicated from the surface.

2. History of the Prior Art

It is well known to use subsurface safety valves for control of fluid flow such as oil and gas in a tubing string in a well bore. Such a subsurface safety valve of the wireline retrievable type is illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,193 issued Nov. 21, 1972. The safety valve shown in such patent has a hydraulically operated piston for holding the valve open in response to hydraulic fluid pressure conducted to the valve through a control fluid conductor extending to the surface end of the well bore. It will be obvious that for the operator piston of such a subsurface safety valve to move upwardly for closing the valve, the piston must raise a column of control fluid equal to the distance between the subsurface safety valve and the surface end of the well bore. Substantial time can be involved in the closure of such a subsurface safety valve due to this column of control fluid. One solution to the problem of the time delay required for the subsurface safety valve to react against the column of control fluid has been the use of a pilot valve connected downhole near the subsurface safety valve between the source of control fluid pressure and the safety valve, for shutting off the control fluid pressure to the valve and releasing the control fluid pressure in the safety valve into the tubing string immediately above the safety valve, thus, eliminating the need for the safety valve piston to lift the column of control fluid between the safety valve and the surface. Such a pilot valve is illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,119,146 issued Oct. 10, 1978. The pilot valve shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,119,146, is hydraulically operated and responds to a change in the control fluid pressure. Thus, the response time of the pilot valve is necessarily long because of the time required for a hydraulic pressure signal change to travel from the surface to the pilot valve and because the valve must lift the column of hydraulic control fluid a short distance upwardly to move from a first lower position to a second upper position for shutting off control fluid pressure to the safety valve and releasing the safety valve control fluid pressure into the tubing string above the safety valve. Also, the pilot valve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,119,146 does not open the control fluid line to the surface into the tubing string. Often subsurface safety valves are located at depths of several thousand feet in a well bore. Thus, the time for even a pilot operated subsurface safety valve located at a depth of several thousand feet to react to a change in control fluid pressure can be substantial even in the case of a pilot valve which releases the control fluid pressure into the tubing string.

It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide a new and improved subsurface safety valve operated in response to a pilot valve controlled from a remote location to effect essentially instant operation of the safety valve.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot valve for controlling hydraulic control fluid pressure to a subsurface safety valve to shut-off control fluid pressure to the safety valve and dump the pressure into the well bore above the safety valve for minimizing the closing time of the safety valve.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot valve for subsurface safety valve of the character described which is responsive to electrical signals transmitted from a remote location.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot valve for a subsurface safety valve which is operated in response to electromagnetic signals such as radio waves transmitted from a remote location.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot valve for a subsurface safety valve which is operated in response to an acoustic signal communicated to the pilot valve from a remote location.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot operated subsurface safety valve which is operated from a remote location independently of control fluid pressure communicated to the safety valve from the surface.

It is another object of the invention to provide a pilot valve for controlling a subsurface safety valve which reacts more quickly to close the safety valve than presently known subsurface safety valve control systems.

It is another object of the invention to provide a minimum backlash type latch assembly to releasably lock a well tool in a well bore.

In accordance with the invention, there is provided a pilot valve to be located in a flow conductor near a subsurface safety valve to release control fluid pressure from the safety valve and from between the pilot valve and the surface into the tubing above the safety valve to permit the safety valve to close. The pilot valve includes an electrically operated flow control valve which may be operated by an electric line from the surface, by acoustic signals from the surface, or by radio waves from the surface. Further, in accordance with the invention, there is provided a minimum backlash latch assembly for releasably locking a well tool, such as the pilot valve, along a well bore in a receptacle such as a side pocket mandrel.

The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention together with the details of preferred embodiments thereof will be better understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein;

FIG. 1 is schematic longitudinal side view in elevation and section of a well installation including a subsurface safety valve and a pilot valve for controlling the safety valve in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electro-hydraulic subsurface safety valve system of the invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A, 3B, and 3C taken together form a longitudinal view in section and elevation of a side pocket mandrel having a wireline retrievable pilot valve for a sub-surface safety valve in the well installation shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view in section and elevation of the electrical plug and receptacle contact assemblies of the pilot valve as shown in FIG. 3B;

FIG. 5 a longitudinal side view in elevation of the wire guide of the pilot valve receptacle illustrated along the upper portion of FIG.3C;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal view in section and elevation of the wire guide of FIG. 5 taken along the line 6--6;

FIG. 7 is an end view of the wire guide of FIGS. 5 and 6;

FIG. 8 is a view in section taken along the line 8--8 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal view in section of one of the electrical plug contact bodies of the pilot valve of FIGS. 3A-3C;

FIG. 10 a view in section of the plug contact body as seen along the line 10--10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a right end view of the plug contact body as seen in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a side view in elevation of one of the contact rings of the pilot valve plug assembly mounted on the contact body of FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is an end view of one of the insulators of the plug contact assembly of the pilot valve;

FIG. 14 is a view in section along the line 14--14 of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is an end view in elevation of an insulated spacer for the receptacle contact assembly of the pilot valve;

FIG. 16 is a view in section along the line 16--16 of FIG. 15;

FIGS. 17A, 17B, and 17C and taken together form a longitudinal view in section and elevation of another embodiment of a pilot valve constructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 18 is a longitudinal view in section and elevation of a latch assembly for releasably locking the pilot valve of the invention in a side pocket mandrel;

FIG. 19 is a view in section along the line 19--19 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a fragmentary view in section and elevation of the latch assembly of FIG. 18 shifted to a locking condition;

FIG. 21 is a view in section along the line 21--21 of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 a fragmentary view in section and elevation of the latch assembly of FIG. 18 shifted to a release condition; and

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of an acoustic or electromagnetic receiver and related circuitry for use in the pilot valve 300 shown in FIGS. 17A-17C.

FIG. 1, shows a well installation including a valve system embodying the features of the invention. As illustrated, a well 30 is cased with a string of casing 31 in which a string of production tubing 32 is supported through a well packer 33 sealing the annulus between the tubing and the casing above a producing formation, not shown. Flow through the producing string is controlled by valves 34 and 35. A subsurface safety valve 40 is installed in the production string for shutting off the fluid flow responsive to control fluid pressure communicated to the safety valve through a line 41 extending to a control fluid operating manifold 42 at the surface. In accordance with the invention, the control fluid line 41 is connected with the safety valve 40 and a pilot valve 43 which releases control fluid pressure to the safety valve while dumping the control fluid pressure into the tubing 32 above the safety valve in response to an electrical signal communicated through a cable 44 from a surface power unit 45 which may be operator controlled or respond to a variety of safety conditions such fire, flow line rupture, and the like. The electrical control of the pilot valve provides substantially quicker response and a closing of the subsurface safety valve than conventional subsurface safety valves which react to a reduction of control fluid pressure through the line 41. The electrically operated pilot valve 43 responds instantly to a signal through the line 44 opening the portion of the control fluid line 41 between the pilot valve and the safety valve 40 releasing the control fluid pressure in that short section of the line into the tubing 32 so that the subsurface safety valve closes essentially instantly. The electrically operated pilot valve does not have to wait for the pressure reduction signal to travel from the surface and does not have to lift the full column of control fluid between the safety valve and the surface for the safety valve to close.

The relationship between the pilot valve 43 and the subsurface safety valve 40 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2. Well fluids from the formation 50 below the packer 33 flow in the production tubing string 32 to the surface through the valve assembly 51 of the subsurface safety valve. The valve assembly 51 is biased closed by a spring and is held open by control fluid pressure in a cylinder assembly 53 communicated to the safety valve through the control fluid line 41. The control line 41 includes a filter 53a and a check valve 54. The control line 41 splits into branch lines 41a leading to the subsurface safety valve control cylinder 53 and branch line 41b connected into the tubing string 32 above the safety valve through a valve assembly 55 of the pilot valve 43. The valve assembly 55 includes a spring 60 biasing the pilot valve open and a solenoid 61 connected with the electric line 44 to the surface. The solenoid 61 closes the pilot valve when energized. During the operation of the well installation of FIG. 1 and when well fluid flow through the safety valve 40 to the surface through the tubing string 32 is desired, control fluid pressure is provided from the manifold 42 through the line 41, through the filter 53a and the check valve 54, into the branch line 41a to the safety valve control cylinder 53. The piston in the cylinder assembly 53 is urged to the left against the spring 52 opening the safety valve for fluid flow from the formation 50 upwardly through the production string 32 to the surface. The solenoid 61 of the pilot valve is energized from the surface unit 45 through the electrical line 44 shifting the pilot valve assembly 55 to the left closed position against the spring 60 so that control fluid pressure from the line 41 cannot flow upwardly in the branch line 41b. When it is desired to shut-in the well by closing the subsurface safety valve, or safety conditions such as fire dictate shutting-in the well, electrical power from the unit 45 through the line 44 is shut off deenergizing the solenoid 61 in the pilot valve assembly 55. The spring 60 shifts the pilot valve assembly to the open position illustrated in FIG. 2 so that fluid in the control line 41 may flow through the branch line 41b of the pilot valve assembly 55 and into the production tubing string 32 above the subsurface safety valve. The release of the control fluid pressure at the pilot valve directly into the tubing string 32 immediately lowers the pressure of the control fluid in the safety valve assembly 53 so that the spring 52 closes the subsurface safety valve 40 thereby shutting-in the well. The control fluid pressure in line 41 is dumped through the pilot valve into the production string above the safety valve.

To reopen the subsurface safety valve, the solenoid 61 is reenergized through the line 44 closing the valve assembly 55 of the pilot valve 43 and control fluid line pressure is reestablished in the line 41 through the filter 53a and the check valve 54 into the branch lines 41a and 41b. Since the pilot valve assembly 55 is now closed, the fluid cannot flow upwardly through the pilot valve into the production string 32. Thus, the control fluid pressure increases through the branch line 41a into the cylinder assembly 53 of the subsurface safety valve urging the piston of the cylinder assembly 53 to the left against the spring 52 reopening the valve assembly 51 of the safety valve so that production fluids may again flow upwardly in the production string 32.

As will be understood in more detail hereinafter, in alternate embodiments of the invention the pilot valve may be operated by electromagnetic signals such as radio or acoustic signals transmitted down the well bore.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C inclusive, the electrically operated pilot valve 43 is releasably supported in a receptacle 70 of a side pocket mandrel 71 connected in the production tubing string 32. The pilot valve is releasably locked in the receptacle by a limited backlash latch assembly 72 connected with the pilot valve and operable by a wireline for running and pulling the pilot valve. The latch assembly 72 is connected with the pilot valve by a flow coupling 73 provided with a T-shaped flow passage 74 opening into an annulus 75 within the receptacle 70 communicating through side port 80 with the main bore through the side pocket mandrel 71. The flow passage 74 directs bypassed power fluid from the pilot valve through the coupling 73 to the side port 80 and into the bore of the side pocket mandrel.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the pilot valve 43 includes a top sub 81, the solenoid 61, the valve assembly 55, a central body 82, and an electrical plug contact assembly 83. The top sub is screwed on the lower end of the connector 73 and supports an external annular seal assembly 84 which seals around the pilot valve with the bore surface of the receptacle 70. The top sub has a central bore 85 providing a longitudinal flow passage through the sub into the flow passage 74 of the connector 73. A check valve 86 is secured in the reduced upper portion of the bore 85 to prevent backflow of fluids from the side pocket mandrel bore into the safety valve assembly. The lower end portion of the bore 85 is enlarged to accommodate electrical wiring connections to the solenoid 61. The central body portion of the pilot valve includes an upper section 82a and a lower section 82b. The upper section threads on the lower end of the top sub 81 and has a cylindrical chamber 90 which opens at a lower end to an internally threaded bore 91 communicating with a flow passage 92. The enlarged bore 90 accommodates the solenoid 61 and the valve assembly 55 which threads into the bore 91. An annular ported spacer 93 is positioned between the upper end of the solenoid 61 and the lower end of the top sub 81. An O-ring 94 fits between the spacer and the lower end edge of the top sub to provide a downward bias to maintain the solenoid at a lower most position and absorb shock. The solenoid 61 fits in spaced relation within the bore 90 to provide an annulus for the electrical wiring to the solenoid and fluid flow around the solenoid into top sub bore 85. The lower body section 82b screws on the lower end of the upper body section 82a and is fitted along a lower end portion on the upper end portion of the plug assembly 83. A filter 95 is fitted within the housing section 82b between the upper end of the plug 83 and the lower end of the body section 82a to filter fluids flowing into the bore 92 of the upper body section and into the bore portion 91 into the valve assembly 55 to protect the valve from abrasives. Two circumferentially spaced, longitudinal, electrical wire feed-through assemblies 100 are disposed within the bore of the lower housing section 82b threaded along upper ends into the lower end of the upper body section 82a each to accommodate a wire 101 leading to the solenoid 61.

The valve assembly 55 and solenoid 61 of the pilot valve 43 is an available product manufactured by Sterer Manufacturing Company, 4690 Colorado Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90039 under the part number 70109-1. The electrical wire feed-through connectors 100 also are standard available assemblies capable of functioning under high temperatures and pressures and manufactured and sold by Kemlon Products and Development, 6310 Sidney, Houston, Tex. 77021 under the trademark Duo-Seel and sold under the general product designation K-16BM. It will be recognized that other available solenoid operated valve assemblies and electrical wire feed-through connector systems may be used.

The plug contact assembly 83 shown along the lower portion of FIG. 3B and in enlarged detail in FIGS. 4-14 inclusive, provides an insertable electrical male plug on the lower end of the wireline removable pilot valve. The plug assembly 83 provides electrical contact with an electrical female receptacle contact assembly 110 secured with and forming a part of the side pocket mandrel receptacle 70 in which the removable pilot valve fits. The plug 83 includes and is connected into the lower end of the body portion 82b by a plug mount 111 having a central bore 112 for fluid flow through the upper end of the plug assembly. The plug mount also has two circumferentially spaced bores 113 for the wires 101 and a downwardly opening blind bore 114 to accommodate the upper end of an alignment and anti-rotation rod 115 to properly align and maintain the alignment of the various components which make up the plug assembly 83. A tubular retaining screw 120 is threaded along an upper end portion into the internally threaded lower end portion of the bore 112 of the plug mount 111 to provide a flow passage through the bore 120 of the retaining screw into the bore 112 of the plug mount and to hold the various parts of the plug assembly 83 together. A tubular insulator sleeve 123 fits on the retaining screw 120 between the upper threaded portion of the screw and the flange 122. Two plug contact bodies 124 are mounted in tandem spaced relation along the insulator sleeve 123 between annular insulated rings 125. A longitudinally fluted contact ring 130 is mounted on each of the contact bodies 124. Design details of the contact bodies 124 are shown in FIGS. 9-11. FIG. 12 shows an assembly of one of the contact rings 130 mounted on a contact body 124. The details of the insulator rings 125 are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Referring to FIGS. 9-11, each of the contact bodies 124 is made of an electrically conductive material and provided with a central bore 140 sized to receive the insulator tube 123 and circumferentially spaced longitudinal slots 141 having a semi-cylindrical shaped and opening into the bore 140. An internally threaded set screw bore 142 is provided for a set screw, not shown, for attaching the ring 130 to the body. Two of these slots 141 each accommodates one of the electrical wires 101 while the third slot 141 receives the alignment rod 115. A blind bore 143 is aligned with and spaced from one of the slots 141. A slot 144 is provided in an end face of the body 124 connecting the adjacent longitudinal slot 141 with the blind bore 143 for securing one of the wires 101 in electrical contact with the body 124. As shown in FIG. 10 a lateral set screw bore 145 is provided for a set screw 150 into the blind bore 143 so that an end of the set screw may clamp an end of the wire 101 to the body 124 in the blind bore 143. As evident in FIG. 11 an end of the wire 101 is bent one hundred eighty degrees (180.degree.) from the direction it extends in the slot 141 so that the end of the wire loops around into the bore 143 to be clamped to the body 124 by the set screw 150 to make good electrical contact therewith. External annular end flanges 151 retain the fluted contact ring 130 against longitudinal movement on the body 124. As evident in FIG. 12 the fluted contact ring 130 has a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinally extending spring-like contact portions 130a. The ring 130 is held against rotation on the body 124 by a set screw 152 threaded in the hole 142 of the body. The spring action of the ring portions 130a provide a tight electrical contact between the plug assembly 83 and the receptacle 110 for each of the wires 101. The insulator rings 125 each has a bore 153 for the insulator tube 123 and holes 154 which align with the body slots 141 for the alignment rod and for the wires 101. The insulator rings 125 and the insulator tube 123 electrically insulate the bodies 124 from each other and from the retaining screw 121 so that each of the bodies 124 may conduct electricity from the contact ring 130 to the wire 101 clamped to the body 124. A tubular nose member 160 fits on the tube 123 between the retaining screw flange 122 and the lower insulator ring 125 for holding the components of the plug 83 tightly together longitudinally when the retaining screw 120 is tightened. The nose member 160 has a central bore 161 sized to received the tube 123 and a blind upwardly opening hole 162 for the lower end of the alignment rod 115. It will be apparent that as the plug 83 is assembled the alignment rod 115 is inserted into the plug mount 111 at the upper end through the insulator rings 125 and the bodies 124 and into the plug nose 160 at the lower end to hold all such components against rotation when the plug is finally assembled and the wires 101 are connected with the bodies 124. As will be evident from FIG. 3B, two wires 101 are connected between the plug 83 and the solenoid 61. One wire is connected with each of the bodies 124 as described and illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. Each of the wires extends upwardly through separate holes and bores provided in the bodies 124 and the spacers 125. Each of the wires extends through one of the connectors 100 upwardly into the upper body section 82a around the solenoid 61 and into the upper end of the solenoid as illustrated in the upper portion of FIG. 3B.

The side pocket mandrel receptacle electrical contact assembly 110 is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 3B and 3C, FIG. 4, FIGS. 5-8, and FIGS. 15 and 16. The assembly 110 has a housing 170 which fits in a lower end portion of the bore through the side pocket mandrel receptacle 70 against the downwardly facing internal annular shoulder 171 around the receptacle bore. The housing 170 screws along the lower end portion on the upper end of a wire feed-through member 172 which carries an O-ring seal 173 for sealing with the bore surface of the receptacle and is held in place by a retainer ring 174 threaded into the lower end of the receptacle bore as shown in FIG. 3C. An insulator sleeve 175 is positioned within the bore of the housing 170 held in place by the wire feed-through member 172. Electrical contact rings 180 are mounted in spaced relation within the sleeve 175 separated by insulator rings 181. The contact rings 180 are positioned longitudinally for engagement by the fluted rings 130 on the plug 83 when the pilot valve is installed in the side pocket mandrel. A wire guide body 182 is disposed within the bore of the insulating sleeve 175 between the wire feed through 172 and the lower contact ring 180. The wire guide body holds the two contact rings 180 and the insulating rings 181 within the sleeve 175 in the relationship shown in FIG. 4. Details of the structure of the wire guide 182 and the contact rings 180 are shown in FIGS. 5-7 and 15 and 16, respectively. Referring to FIGS. 5-7, the wire guide 182 is formed of an electrically insulating material and is provided with three circumferentially spaced longitudinal slots 183 one of which opens to deeper slot 184 which communicates at an upper end thereof as shown in FIG. 6 with an upwardly opening central bore 185 provided in the wire guide. The slot 184 also communicates with a downwardly opening central bore 190 of the wire guide. Two of the slots 183 communicate with angular side holes 191 and 192 in the guide. The hole 191 opens from the lower end portion of one of the slots 183 into the lower end of bore 185. The hole 192 opens from the bore 185 through the upper wall section of the guide into the slot 183. Each of the sets of slots 183 and the holes 191 and 192 provide a path for a wire 193 for providing electric power to the receptacle contact rings 180. The reduced lower end portion of the wire guide 182 is spaced within the wire feed-through 172 providing an annulus between the wire guide and the wire feed-through so that the two wires 193 may pass through the annulus upwardly through the holes 191 into the bore 185 and outwardly from the bore 185 in the holes 192 into the vertical slots 183 through which the wires extend to the two contact rings 180. One of the contact rings 180 is shown in detail in FIGS. 15 and 16. The ring is made of electrically conducting material and provided with external longitudinal half cylinder shaped slots 193 which are aligned circumferentially with the slots 183 of the wire guide 182. The insulator rings 181 are also provided with corresponding longitudinal half cylinder shaped slots, not shown, to accommodate the wires 193. In the assemblied relationship of the parts of the receptacle 110 as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C and FIG. 4, the vertical slots in the wire guide 182 and the electrical contact rings 180 and the insulating rings 181 are all in alignment so that two of the wires 193 pass upwardly through the aligned slots as seen in FIG. 8. An upper end portion of one of the wires 193 is soldered or welded to one of the rings 180 as shown in FIG. 8. The other wire 193 extends to the other contact ring 180 to which it is also soldered or welded along an upper end portion. In the third set of aligned longitudinal slots along the wire guide 182 and the contact rings 180 and the insulating rings 181, a half cylinder shaped alignment rod 194 is positioned to hold the components of the receptacle assembly 110 against rotation. As shown in FIG. 3C, the cable 44 from the surface includes the electrical wires 193 connected into the contact rings of the receptacle 110. The cable 44 is connected into a coupling 195 secured on a tube 200 which is connected along an upper end portion into a downwardly opening bore 201 of the wire feed through member 172 as shown in FIG. 3C. The branch line 41b of the hydraulic control fluid system connects along an upper end portion into a separate longitudinal bore 202 of the member 172 opening at an upper end into the slot 184 of the wire guide 182 so that the fluid flow in the branch line 41b passes into the bore 185 of the wire guide 182.

Referring to FIGS. 18-21, the latch assembly 72 is a limited backlash latch assembly for wire-line operation to releasably lock the pilot valve 43 in the receptacle 70 of the side pocket mandrel 71. Latch assembly 72 can be used to install various types of well tools, particularly those which are useful in a side pocket mandrel, but is not limited to use with such side pocket mandrel tools or the pilot valve 43. The latch assembly 72 has a body 250 enlarged along an upper head portion 251 which is provided with a downwardly and inwardly sloping stop shoulder 252 which supports the latch assembly within the receptacle 70 of the side pocket mandrel. The body has circumferentially spaced windows 253, a longitudinal bore 254, and an internal annular snap ring recess 255 above the windows. The body has an external annular recess 260 for an O-ring seal 261 to seal between the latch assembly body and the inner bore of the receptacle 70. The head portion 251 of the body has a pair of spaced transverse shear pin bores 262 extending perpendicular to and spaced from the longitudinal axis of the body. Internally threaded set screw holes 263 are provided in the body head portion 251 intersecting the shear pin bores 262. A tubular inner mandrel 264 is slidably disposed in the bore of the body 251 for movement between an upper running position as illustrated in FIG. 18 and a lower locking position shown in FIG. 20. The mandrel 264 has an enlarged head 265 providing a downwardly facing external annular stop shoulder 270 for engagement with the upper end of the head 251 of the body 250 limiting the downward movement of the inner mandrel in the body. A split snap ring 272 is mounted in an external annular recess along the lower end portion of the inner mandrel 264 for engagement in the latch ring recess 255 of the body when the inner mandrel is at the lower locking position of FIG. 20 and release position of FIG. 22. The inner mandrel has two laterally spaced half cylindrical lock pin recesses 273 each of which receives a shear pin 274 through the bores 262 of the body to releasably lock the inner mandrel at the running position shown in FIG. 18 within the body 250. Each of the shear pins 274 is held in place by a set screw 275 threaded through the bore 263 against the surface of the shear pin, FIG. 19. An O-ring seal 280 in an external annular recess on the inner mandrel 264 seals with the bore through the body 250 around the inner mandrel when the inner mandrel is at the locking and released positions of FIGS. 20 and 22. A core 281 fits in sliding relation through the bore of the inner mandrel 264. The core is held in the running and locking positions of FIGS. 18 and 20 by a pair of laterally spaced parallel shear pins 282 fitting through lateral shear pin recesses in the core and in the bores in the head 265 of the inner mandrel in the same relationship represented in FIG. 19 between the inner mandrel and the body. The shear pins 282 are each held in place by a set screw 283. A lug expander ring 284 is screwed on lower end portion of the core 281 to coact with circumferentially spaced locking lugs 285 mounted in the windows 253 of the body 250. The ring 284 has a graduated outside diameter providing an upper locking surface 284a and a lower release surface 284b. The lugs 285 are arcuate shaped as shown in FIG. 21 and have retaining ears 290 which keep the lugs from falling from the windows as apparent in FIG. 21. A handling head 291 is screwed on the upper end of the core. A set screw 292 is threaded through the head against the surface of the upper end portion of the core. The lower end edge of the head is engagable with upper end edge of the inner mandrel head 265 during the running of the latch assembly and when the latch assembly is locked in the side pocket mandrel receptacle as in FIGS. 18 and 20.

The latch assembly 72 is connected with the pilot valve 43 as illustrated in FIG. 3A by threading the lower end of the latch assembly body 250 on the connector 73. Suitable wire-line handling tools are used to run and pull the latch assembly and pilot valve by grasping the head 291 of the latch assembly. The latch assembly releasably locks the pilot valve in the side pocket mandrel receptacle by engaging the stop shoulder 252 on the body 250 with the internal annular stop shoulder 70a, FIG. 3A, at the upper end of the side pocket mandrel receptacle 70. The expansion of the lugs 285 to the position shown in FIGS. 3A and 20 engages the lugs with internal annular locking shoulder 70b at the upper end of the recess 75 in the receptacle 70. During the running of the latch assembly and pilot valve the lug expander ring 284 is at the upper position shown in FIG. 18 being held by the shear pins 273 engaged between the inner mandrel 264 and the body 250 as represented in FIGS. 18 and 19. When the pilot valve and the latch assembly enter the receptacle bore and the shoulder 252 engages the receptacle shoulder 70a, a downward force is applied to the head of the latch assembly. The pins 274 are sheared releasing the inner mandrel 264 to move downwardly so that the inner mandrel and the core 281 are shifted to the lower locking position of FIG. 20. The shoulder 270 on the inner mandrel engages the upper end edge of the body head 251 limiting the downward movement of the inner mandrel in the body. The downward movement of the expander ring 284 within the lugs 285 moves the enlarged locking surface 284a of the expander ring behind the lugs expanding the lugs outwardly to the locking positions in the windows 253 as represented in FIGS. 20 and 3A. At the lower end position of the inner mandrel the snap ring 272 expands into the body locking recess 255 locking the inner mandrel at the lower end locking position of FIG. 20. The expanded locking positions of the lugs 285 is also shown in FIG. 21. When release of the latch assembly is desired to remove the pilot valve 43 from the side pocket mandrel receptacle, an upward force is applied on the head 291 of the latch assembly core. The pins 282 are sheared releasing the core to move upwardly to the position shown in FIG. 22 at which the reduced surface portion 284b on the lug expander ring is aligned with the inside faces of the lugs so that the lugs may move inwardly to the release positions of FIG. 22. The upper end edge of the ring 284 engages the internal annular stop shoulder 254a around the bore of the body 250 above the windows so that upward forces applied to the head are transmitted through the core to the ring 284 which lifts the body 250 with the lugs 285 upwardly. The shoulder 270 on the inner core head 265 is engaged by the upper end edge of the body so that the entire latch assembly 72 is lifted upwardly with the lugs 285 cammed inwardly to the release positions. The snap ring 272 remains engaged between the inner mandrel 264 and the body 250 as shown in FIGS. 20 and 22. Among the principal features of the latch assembly 72 is limited backlash during the operation of the latch assembly.

When the pilot valve 43 mounted on the latch assembly 72 is landed and locked in the side pocket mandrel receptacle 70 as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C, the pilot valve electrical plug assembly 83 is stabbed into the electrical receptacle assembly 110 as shown in FIG. 3B. Limited backlash of latch assembly 72 is an important feature to maintain electrical contact between plug assembly 83 and receptacle assembly 110 and to minimize wear and damage which would result from relative movement. Electric power may then be applied from the surface through the cable 44 upwardly in the two wires 193 to the contact rings 180 of the receptacle assembly. From FIG. 4 it will be evident that the contact rings 180 are insulated from each other and from the housing 170 of the assembly. The contact ring assemblies 130 on the plug 82 engage the contact rings 180 by means of the spring sections 130a on the contact ring. The contact rings 130 are in electrical contact with the bodies 124 which are insulated from each other and from other metal parts of the plug assembly 82. Electric power from the bodies 124 is conducted through the wires 101 which extend through the connector 100 and upwardly into the member 81 to the solenoid 61. Application of electric power to the solenoid closes the normally open valve assembly 55 so that the power fluid flow may not occur upwardly through the pilot valve from the branch line 41b which connects with the main power fluid line 41 leading to the surface manifold 42. As shown in FIGS. 3C and 4, the upper end of the branch line 41b communicates through the wire guide 182 into the lower end of the bore 121 of the electric plug assembly 83. The power fluid communication continues upwardly through the bore 112 into the bore 92 into the valve 55 which is closed when the solenoid is energized. Power fluid through the branch line 41a is communicated downwardly to the safety valve 40 opening the safety valve. Deenergizing the solenoid by cutting off power from the surface to the solenoid, for any reason, such as if the safety valve is to be intentionally closed, or if a safety condition causes the electrical system to respond by cutting off power, the deenergized solenoid permits the valve assembly 55 to move to its normal fail-safe open condition. Power fluid communication is then established through the valve assembly 55 around the solenoid upwardly through the bore portion 85 in the member 81 and the bore 74 in the connector 73 and outwardly in the annulus 75 around the connection between the latch assembly 72 and the pilot valve. The power fluid flows outwardly through the port 80 into main bore through the side pocket mandrel thereby essentially instantly releasing power fluid pressure to the safety valve so that the safety valve will close in the normal manner. The signal which initiates closing the safety valve preferably also renders the surface unit 42 inoperative so that control fluid will not be pumped into the line 41 after the pilot valve opens. Since the pilot valve is electrically operated, the usual time required for the pressure signal change to be transmitted from the surface to the pilot valve is eliminated. The pilot valve and the safety valve do not have to react against the fluid flow resistance and hydrostatic pressure of the column of control fluid extending to the surface. The safety valve operating piston is opposed only by the small amount of power fluid present in the lines along the short distance between the safety valve and the pilot valve.

Another pilot valve system incorporating the features of the invention for operation by electromagnetic waves, such as radio, or acoustic signals is illustrated in FIGS. 17A-17C. Referring to FIG. 17A, the latch assembly 72 is shown connected to a pilot valve 300 by a connector 301 on which an annular seal assembly 302 is mounted for sealing within the receptacle 70 around the pilot valve above the discharge of the pilot valve into the side pocket mandrel bore. The pilot valve 300 comprises a battery pack 303 connected with an amplifier 304 and a signal transducer 305 for turning power on and off to the solenoid 61 operating the valve assembly 55. A side window 310 in the side of the side pocket mandrel 71 permits either electromagnetic or acoustic communication to reach the signal transducer from the surface end of the well bore. The valve 55 controls communciation between the power fluid branch line 41b and a side port 311 in the side pocket mandrel receptacle 70 for dumping the power fluid into the tubing string above the safety valve when the valve 55 is opened in response to an electromagnetic or acoustic signal from the surface. Such signal may be sent intentionally to close in the well or in response to a safety criteria such as fire. The use of a system responsive to electromagnetic or acoustic signals eliminates the need for lines other than the power fluid line from the surface to the pilot valve and the safety valve.

Referring to FIG. 17A, the connector 301 is secured on the upper end of a pilot valve housing section 312 having a central bore in which the battery pack and amplifier are located. A plurality of batteries 313 are arranged in conventional end-to-end array and thus are connected in series. A spring 314 bears down on the upper end of the top battery. A retainer ring 315 engages the lower end of the lower battery holding the batteries in place. An electrical contact member 320 mounted in an insulated housing 321 is biased by a spring 322 upwardly against the central contact of the bottom battery. The insulated housing is supported in a tubular upper end section 323 of a mounting plate member 324 on which is secured the amplifier 304. The lower end of the housing section 312 is secured on the upper end of a second mounting member 325 which supports the signal transducer and is connected along a lower end portion, FIG. 17c, into the upper end of a valve housing section 330 having a central chamber in which the solenoid 61 and the valve assembly 55 are housed. Solenoid 61 is electrically connected with signal transducer or antenna 352 via amplifier 304 and wires 331. A block diagram for this circuit is shown in FIG. 23. The housing section 330 connects into a bottom sub 332 on which a nose piece 333 is mounted. A central bore through the nose piece, the bottom sub, and the lower end portion of the housing section 330 provides communication from below the pilot valve into the valve assembly 55. A flow passage 334 and side port 335 in the body section 330 and the bottom sub provide communication to the side port 311 back into the mandrel main bore from the valve 55 so that the valve assembly 55 controls communication between the power fluid branch line 41b into the main bore through the side pocket mandrel. Annular seal assemblies 340 on the housing section 330 and the bottom sub 332 seal around the pilot valve body above and below the side port 311 into the side pocket mandrel.

Referring to FIG. 23, the pilot valve 300 of FIGS. 17A-17C is operated in response to a transmitter 350 located at the surface and a receiver 351 in the pilot valve. The transmitter may be an acoustic signal or radio transmitter and the receiver is compatable with the surface transmitter for processing the received signals to operate the solenoid of the pilot valve. The transmitter is designed to respond to any suitable conditions for shutting-in the well, such as safety considerations which may include fire, rupture of a flow line, and any other situation which would require immediate closure of the subsurface safety valve. The receiver 351 and associated network are housed in the pilot valve 300 and include an antenna 352, the amplifier 304, a filter 353, a clock or oscillator 354, a frequency divider 355, with a logic network 360, and a relay 361 powered by the batteries 313 for operating the valve solenoid 61. The transmitter and receiver, whether radio or acoustic, are designed to operate in a fail-safe manner by applying power through the relay to the valve solenoid so long as the subsurface safety valve is to be held open and to shut-off power through the relay to the valve solenoid under all conditions which require closure of the safety valve. Such conditions may be safety considerations, the need to close the safety valve for well servicing, power failures, or any other circumstances which would demand shutting-in the well. Suitable available components are selected for a radio transmitter and a radio receiver and related circuitry to operate the relay in response to radio signals. Acoustic transmitters and receivers which may be used at the surface and in the pilot valve 300 are illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,961,308 to Parker issued June 1, 1976, 4,073,341 to Parker issued Feb. 14, 1978, 4,147,222 to Patten, et al issued Apr. 3, 1979, and 4,314,365 to Peterson, et al issued Feb. 2, 1982. For example, referring to U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,308, the transmitter 51 of the patented device may be connected to the production tubing string 32 at the surface in the present system and the receiver 52 of the patented device may be connected to the production tubing string 32 in the vicinity of the pilot valve 300 with the receiver controlling the relay 361 as the receiver controls the motor control switch 80 of the patented device. U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,365 also shows an acoustic surface transmitter and a downhole receiver which may be incorporated in the present system. It is stated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,365 that the acoustic signals may be applied to production tubing and may be used to activate packers, valves, measuring devices, and the like. Thus, the system of U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,365 could be incorporated into the present valve system to operate the solenoid 61. Teachings of radio responsive circuitry which may be employed to operate the solenoid valve are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,011,114 to Steeb, Nov. 28, 1961; 3,199,070 to Baier Jr., Aug. 3, 1965; 3,413,608 to Benzuly, Nov. 26, 1968; 3,436,662 to Kobayoshi, Apr. 1, 1969; and 3,438,037 to Leland, Apr. 8, 1969. It will be obvious that when operating the pilot valve 300 in response to acoustic or radio signals, the pilot valve will be opened to close the safety valve under all of the conditions discussed but also when electrical power to the solenoid 61 no longer available, such as when the batteries run down.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description and from the drawings that a pilot valve for operating a subsurface safety valve is provided which responds to energy communicated to the pilot valve through an electrical line, radio waves or electromagnetic energy, or acoustic signals to essentially instantly release hydraulic control fluid pressure to the subsurface safety valve to close the valve without the time delays inherent in the time required for a hydraulic pressure signal to reach the pilot valve and for the pressure responsive components of the safety and the pilot valves to lift a column of power fluid extending to the surface.

While particular preferred embodiments of the system of the invention have been described and illustrated, various changes may be made in the particular designs shown within the scope of the claims without departing from the invention.