Cylinder Lock

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to improvements in cylinder locks and particularly to cylinder locks of the type having reciprocating and rotating tumblers.

2. Background Art

Twisting tumbler locks with dual locking mechanisms are embodied in the famous Medeco.RTM. locks manufactured by Medeco Security Locks, Inc. of Salem, Va., and as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 30,198, reissued Jan. 29, 1980, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,240 granted Mar. 23, 1973 as well as the millions of Medeco locks made and sold since approximately 1970.

It is highly desirable to have as many key changes as possible for each type of cylinder lock. One of the advantages of the Medeco locks are that they provide a significantly greater number of actual key changes available from that previously known. Although the Medeco locks have been on the market for approximately 16 years, there has been no increase in the number of key changes and it was thought that none could be available.

Another highly desirable feature of a lock is its capability for master keying. One of the principal advantages of the Medeco lock disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,240 is its ability to master key. However, it is desired to have even further and greater capability for master-keying.

This invention relates to improvements in the basic twisting tumbler dual-locking-type of lock cylinder known as a Medeco lock. Such cylinders have a plurality of pin tumblers each with chisel points on the tumbler tips so that the tumblers can be rotated as well as moved axially with a properly bitted key having straight and skew cuts. At each tumbler position the chisel point on the tip of the tumbler can be selectively offset relative to the axis of the tumbler either forward or rearward so as to create three additional potential bitting positions at each tumbler position, thus greatly increasing the bitting and combination possibilities. Moreover, the tumblers, instead of rotating through one predetermined angle in each direction, can be arranged to rotate through two different predetermined angles in each direction, thus creating further possibilities for permutations and combinations and increasing the possible bitting capability.

The key for use in the improved lock has generally V-cut bits which may be either perpendicular or skewed to the plane of the blade, but with the apex of the V either on the tumbler axis or forwardly or rearwardly of the tumbler axis. Master-keying may be provided by placing two such bits close enough to each other at each tumbler position to accommodate either a forward offset or a rearward offset tumbler.

FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view of an improved cylinder lock according to this invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of an individual tumbler with a rear offset point.

FIG. 4A is a top plan view of the tumbler in FIG. 3 for right-hand rotation.

FIG. 4B is a top plan view similar to FIG. 4A, but showing a tumbler for left-hand rotation.

FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a tumbler with a front offset point.

FIG. 5A is a top plan view of the tumbler of FIG. 5 for right-hand rotation.

FIG. 5B is a top plan view similar to FIG. 5a of a tumbler for left-hand rotation.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a key showing the various possible bitting locations.

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the key of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view of a twisting tumbler dual-locking cylinder of the Medeco-type. "Medeco-type" means locks of the type manufactured by Medeco Security Locks, Inc. of Salem, Va., and as shown for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,722,240 and Re. 30,198. As such and in view of the well-known construction of the lock, components which are not changed in this invention from the standard Medeco.RTM. lock will not be described in great detail.

With reference to FIG. 1, a cylinder 10 of the Medeco-type has a conventional cylinder shell 12 with a cylinder plug 14 rotatably mounted therein. The cylinder plug has a keyway 16 of desired configuration to accommodate a key 18 having the same sectional configuration as the keyway.

A plurality of reciprocating and rotating tumblers 20 are provided, with one tumbler at each of five tumbler positions for the five pin tumbler lock shown in FIG. 1. Each twisting pin tumbler may reciprocate and rotate or oscillate about its longitudinal axis 22 in a corresponding pin tumbler hole 24 in the plug, see FIG. 2. When a properly bitted key is inserted, the tumblers are moved axially until the top of the tumblers are aligned along a shear line 26 tangent to the periphery of the plug. A plurality of drivers 28 are provided, one for each tumbler position, these drivers and tumblers are biased downwardly by springs 30 which abut against screw-threaded spring covers 32 as is known.

Each tumbler has on its bottom end a pair of downwardly tapered flat surfaces forming faces 34 of a chisel point. See FIG. 3 showing a rear offset tumbler pin with a long chisel face 34f and a short chisel face 34r. Other tumbler pins such as tumbler pin 20c of FIG. 1 would have chisel faces 34 of equal length, or could be offset forwardly of the tumbler pin axis.

As is known in the Medeco-type lock, each tumbler is provided with a true gate in the form of a slot 36 or equivalent configuration for cooperating with a side bar 38 or other known type of fence means. Springs not shown bias the side bar 38 away from the axis 22 of the tumbler. This side bar slides in slot 40. When a properly bitted key causes proper rotation of the tumblers and true gate, the outer edge 44 of the side bar is cammed by cam notch 42 on rotation of the plug 14 as is well known in connection with operation of the Medeco twisting tumbler dual-locking function cylinder lock.

The key 18 has a bow 46 and a blade 48 as is conventional for keys. However, the bitting includes a plurality of bits 50 which are V-shaped and as shown in FIG. 6, the apex of the V for each V-shaped bit at each tumbler position may be either on the center line of the tumbler position or offset forwardly or rearwardly, thus effectively providing three bit positions per tumbler position.

As is readily apparent from FIG. 2 viewed with reference to FIG. 1, a central longitudinal plane extends longitudinally through key blade 48, which central longitudinal plane passes through tumbler center line 22 of FIG. 2. The key bits of the blade are defined by generally V-shaped cuts in the key blade which cuts pass through the central longitudinal plane extending through the blade. Each V-shaped cut has an apex, and with reference to both of FIGS. 1 and 6, a distance 100 between an intersection 102 of apex 104 of one V-shaped cut with the central longitudinal plane of key blade 48, and an intersection 106 with the plane of apex 108 of an adjacent V-shaped cut, differs by a predetermined amount from a distance 110 between the apex intersection 102 and an intersection 112 of the apex 114 of another adjacent V-shaped cut. Thus bit 104 is offset toward the key bow of a "normal position" while bit 106 is not offset. Stated another way, each bit of the key is cut relative to a plurality of equally spaced bit centerlines A, with the apex 104 of at least one V-shaped cut of a bit being offset with respect to a corresponding bit centerline A by a predetermined amount. The apex can be offset towards the key bow 46 at a predetermined position A' relative to A, or can be offset away from the key bow 46 at a predetermined position A" relative to A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, both apex 104 and apex 116 are offset of their respective bit centerlines, with apex 104 being offset towards bow 46 and apex 116 being offset away from bow 46. One or more of the V-shaped cuts can be skew cut, and one or more of the V-shaped cuts can be perpendicular relative to the longitudinally extending blade. See FIG. 7.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, an extension of the chisel faces 34 of each tumbler is at a point line 52 and that point line may be offset a predetermined amount from the tumbler center line 22. The offset may be either a rear offset as in FIG. 3 or a forward offset as in FIG. 5. Additionally, there may be no offset, as for example tumblers 20a and 20c in FIG. 1.

Additionally, the skew cuts on the key may be either to the left side or right side as indicated L or R in FIG. 7 and may be at different angles, e.g., 10.degree. or 20.degree., as indicated in FIG. 7. The skew cuts on the key are made to correspond to the rotation of the tumblers. Each tumbler pin has a tang 54 which cooperates with a broached slot (not shown but conventional in Medeco.RTM. locks) in the plug 14 and shell 12 to limit total rotation or spin of each tumbler in each direction of rotation to 20.degree..

By using a tumbler whose chisel point is offset 0.030" to the front or rear of the centerline of the tumbler in conjunction with locating the side bar slot at either a 10.degree. or a 20.degree. angle from parallel to the chisel point it is possible to manufacture four different and distinct tumblers which are different and distinct from a tumbler whose chisel point is located on the tumbler centerline. All five tumblers may be manufactured so that the direction of the 10.degree. or 20.degree. angle is to the left or to the right of perpendicular to the tumbler's longitudinal axis, thereby enabling the manufacture of ten different and distinct tumblers, and additionally a tumbler whose chisel point is perpendicular to the tumbler's longitudinal axis may be manufactured so that the chisel point is 0.030" to the front or rear of the centerline of the tumbler or on the centerline of the tumbler, thereby allowing the manufacture of thirteen different and distinct tumblers for each different length of tumbler manufactured. It is possible to manufacture eleven different length useable tumblers with each of these thirteen different tumblers thereby creating one hundred and forty three different and distinct tumblers. It is also possible to bit a key with a key cut which corresponds directly to one each of these one hundred and forty three tumblers in each bitting position of the key. Given a key with six bitting positions and considering the above determinations, the theoretical number of different and distinct lock and corresponding key combinations which are possible may be calculated by multiplying 143 to the sixth power which yields an answer of 8,550,986,578,849 theoretically possible key changes.

Moreover, the offset tumblers provide a unique possibility for increasing master key capability. As shown in FIG. 1 for example, at the second pin tumbler position, the key bit is cut offset forwardly at 50b but also offset rearwardly at 50b'. This leaves a small raised peak 56 which is high enough for either a forwardly offset or a rearwardly offset tumbler chisel face to locate on. With two V-shaped cuts adjacent, the bitting is W-shaped for master-keying in that particular tumbler position.

For example, the use of a tumbler with a chisel point which is offset 0.030" from the tumbler centerline forces the key cut on the key which corresponds to that tumbler to be positioned 0.030" to the front or rear of its normal position on the key. This offsetting of the key cut from its normal position makes it possible to bit the key in one bitting position with two different key cuts which may have the same depth dimension or may have depth dimensions which are different by as much as 0.030" and still operate the tumbler properly. Therefore, it is practical to have a key for a six tumbler lock which has twelve bittings which can be called a master key. This master key may be used to operate as many as sixty-four different cylinders, each of which is operated by a separate and distinct key which will operate only one cylinder, and does not require the use of master or split pins in any cylinder to accomplish this operation. Furthermore, the combination of this master key could only be determined by physically decoding a minimum of seven different cylinders or keys which were produced in sequence. While there are two key cut possibilities for each of the six tumbler positions, there is only one tumbler possibility per position. By multiplying the number of key cuts per position (two) to a power equal to the number of positions (6) the number of possible tumbler combinations (64) is obtained. The above principle combined with a master keying technique which does utilize master or split pins can yield a master key system which is theoretically capable of 18,750 different key combinations for each of the sixty-four tumbler combinations for a theoretical total of 1,200,000 change keys operable by one master key.

While the invention has been described in this preferred embodiment and primarily in reference to the side bar cylinder lock of Medeco U.S. Pat. No. Re 30,198, it is also applicable to the small diameter cylinder lock of Medeco U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,240 and other equivalents as would be apparent to those skilled in the art.