US 4,620,282 AGrant
System and Method for Documenting and Checking Cable Interconnections
Issue Date:1986-10-28
•31 Claims
•8 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A system and method for documenting and checking the common connections provided by each wire of a cable between connector terminals located at opposite ends of the cable. The system includes a cable analyzer which is used to generate control information for quickly and reliably verifying standardization of each cable design, an optional printer or other suitable means of documenting the control information, and a binder or other appropriate means for organizing and filing the documentation which contains the control information. The analyzer automatically scans and records the common connections provided by each wire of the cable between the connector terminals at the ends of the cable. The terminal interconnections may then be printed so as to document the cable design for later reference. The analyzer also uses the terminal interconnections to automatically generate and record a unique alphanumeric or numeric code, called a "cable signature," which is also printed as part of the design documentation. Proper cable design can be quickly verified for subsequent cables by using the cable analyzer and the documented design information.
Metadata
Inventor
- Marlin C. Shelley
Application Information
Application Number:US 5766125
Filing Date:1984-02-03
Priority Date:1984-02-03
Art Unit:234
Classifications
IPC:
G06F 1100
Field of Search:
364371324361489;490;488;5802551;66428
Patent Drawings (8 sheets)
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a novel system and method for accurately documenting and rapidly checking the common connections provided by each wire of a cable between connector terminals located at opposite ends of the cable.
2. The Prior Art
Cables (two or more wires within a single covering) and harnesses (an assembly of discrete wires) have long been used to interconnect the various components of electrical systems. For example, cables (as used herein the term "cable" is intended to include the term "harness") are commonly used to interconnect computer peripheral devices such as keyboards and CRT terminals, printers and other types of devices to the central processing unit of a computer system. It is not uncommon in the art for cable manufacturers to have to design and make many different cables in order to provide compatible cable configurations for the many different types of computers and peripheral devices that are now available on the market.
Typically cables require testing after fabrication to ensure continuity between desired points of connection and to ensure the absence of short circuits. Continuity tests are designed to determine whether there are any breaks or unacceptably high resistances present along the length of each wire. Short circuit tests are designed to detect bare wire contact or high impedance short circuits through low resistance insulation. Continuity and short circuit tests can also be used to verify whether each wire has been properly connected between connector terminals at the ends of the cable. For example, for a terminal with a missing connection an open circuit condition is created; for a terminal incorrectly wires to another terminal, both open and/or short circuit conditions are created.
At present there is a broad range of cable test equipment that is available in the art. See, e.g., Markstein, Howard W., "Update on Cable and Harness Testing," Electronic Packaging & Production, February, 1983. Such test equipment varies from highly sophisticated computer systems which are used for testing complex cables used in applications such as electrical systems of aircraft or satellites, which may require cables having as many as one hundred thousand connecting points which must be verified, to more simple "benchtop" test equipment for testing small cables such as those used in the case of personal computers and their peripherals. While large computer test systems work well, they are also very expensive and complicated, thus making them impractical for use in connection with testing cables which are of a more simple construction.
Benchtop testers are usually designed to simply check for continuity and short circuits and to provide some sort of indication in the event of a fault. While many of these small testing devices work reasonably well, frequently they require manual testing with the use of a probe in order to trace a fault once it is detected. This, of course, can be a time consuming and tedious task.
Another problem encountered in the use of smaller benchtop cable testers is that there is no means of adequately documenting and easily verifying control information which can thereafter be used as a standard against which subsequent cables are to be checked. Inadequate documentation and verification of such standards account for additional inefficiency and wasted time.
Still a further problem is encountered in terms of interfacing different kinds of cable connectors to the test equipment. There are presently a number of different types of connectors which are used to provide the connecting terminal points for cable wiring. Since different connectors are commonly in use, it is sometimes necessary to use adapters to properly interface such connectors to the test equipment. However, if the interface is incorrectly made, it is possible to spend more time in troubleshooting the connector interface than in actually testing the cable. This leads to further inefficiency and difficulty in the use of such equipment.
PRINCIPAL OBJECTS AND BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the present state of the art, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a system and method for documenting and checking cable interconnections using an apparatus which is relatively uncomplicated and inexpensive and yet which is highly reliable and easy to use.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for documenting and checking cable interconnections based on signature analysis techniques which can be conveniently used for purposes of verifying proper terminal interconnections as against control documentation maintained in an easily accessible file.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide a system and method which can be easily and reliably used to interface different types of cable connectors to the test apparatus, and which will ensure that proper cable connectors have been used.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method which can be used to quickly test a cable for continuity or short circuits and which can be used to automatically trace each fault that is detected.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Briefly summarized, the system of the present invention comprises a cable analyzer which is used to generate control information that is used for quickly and reliably verifying standardization of each cable design, an optional printer or other suitable means of documenting the control information, and a binder or other appropriate means for organizing and filing the documentation which contains the control information.
After a cable having a particular design has been built, it is plugged into the cable analyzer. The analyzer automatically scans and records the common connections (hereinafter sometimes called "terminal interconnections") provided by each wire of the cable between the connector terminals at the ends of the cable. The terminal interconnections may then be printed so as to document the cable design for later reference. The analyzer also uses the terminal interconnections to automatically generate and record a unique alphanumeric or numeric code, hereinafter called a "cable signature," which is also printed as part of the design documentation.
When a batch of cables are subsequently manufactured which are intended to meet the design specifications that were previously documented, the first cable from the batch is used as a reference cable. The reference cable is plugged into the analyzer which then scans the terminal interconnections as before and generates a cable signature based on the detected interconnections. The cable signature for the reference cable is visually displayed at the analyzer so that the user can verify the cable signature for the reference cable and check it against the cable signature that was previously documented and is on file for that design. If the cable signature of the reference cable matches the documented cable signature, the reference cable can then be used as a standard for quickly checking the terminal interconnections for each of the other cables in the batch.
With the cable analyzer turned on, the reference cable is removed and the next cable in the batch is plugged in. The cable analyzer scans the terminal interconnections for the next cable and compares them with the list of terminal interconnections previously stored in memory. The list of previously stored interconnections represents the terminal interconnections of the reference cable. If there are any differences between the stored list of interconnections of the reference cable and the cable in the batch that is being tested, the cable analyzer provides both an audio and a visual indication which alerts the user that the test cable does not meet the required specification since it differs from the reference cable. The cable analyzer determines whether such differences are a result of open and/or short circuit conditions, and provides a visual indication of each fault, identified in terms of the terminal interconnections where such fault occurs.
The cable analyzer is also designed to be used with adapters so that different types of cable connectors can be easily interfaced to the analyzer. Unique adapter signatures are also generated and documented along with the other control information so that proper adapters and adapter position can be quickly and reliably verified to ensure that the correct cable connectors have been used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration which shows each of the basic elements used in one presently preferred embodiment of the system and method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating in greater detail the cable analyzer used in connection with the system and method of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are enlarged perspective views which illustrates in greater detail adapters which can be used to interface cable connectors to the cable analyzer.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cable of the type which can be used in connection with the cable analyzer illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIGS. 5A through 5C are schematic illustrations which are used to show how cable connectors having different pin numbering sequences can be interfaced to the cable analyzer using an adapter.
FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram which schematically illustrates the electronic circuit which is used in one presently preferred embodiment of the cable analyzer.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are detailed electrical schematics which represent an example of one way in which the block diagram of FIG. 6 has been implemented.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram which schematically illustrates another embodiment of an electronic circuit which can be used for purposes of the cable analyzer.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration used for purposes of describing how signature values are generated by the cable analyzer of the system.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example of how a cable design can be documented using the system and method of the present invention.
Reference is next made to a detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments as illustrated in the drawings, wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following detailed description is divided into two parts. In the first part the overall system is described, including a detailed description of the cable analyzer and the manner in which the optional electronic circuits of the cable analyzer operate. In part two the method by which the overall system is used to document and check a cable design is described.
I. The System
Reference is first made to FIG. 1. The overall system includes a cable analyzer generally designated at 10, an optional printer which is connected to the cable analyzer 10 by means of a cable 38, and a binder 14 for organizing and filing design documentation which may be prepared using the cable analyzer 10 and printer 12. The cable analyzer 10 includes a metal housing 34 and is connected by a cord 36 to a conventional wall mount transformer 37 which supplies 9 volts AC at 700 milliamps.
As shown best in the exploded perspective view of FIG. 2, removeably mounted to the top of housing 34 are two cover plates 27 and 28. Attached by bolts 41 to the underside of cover plate 27 is a printed circuit card 44 on which are mounted four connectors 18-21. Connectors 18-21 each have thirty-two terminals which are individually accessed through corresponding sockets 57. Cables, such as that generally illustrated at 16 in FIG. 1, are plugged into the connectors 18-21 using adapters 22.
Mounted by bolts 43 to the underside of the other cover plate 28 is another printed circuit card 48 which optionally includes a microprocessor and other electronic components which are used for purposes of scanning the terminal interconnections of cable 16 and generating a unique cable signature which, as hereinafter more fully explained, is used to document and verify cable design. The circuits on printed circuit cards 44 and 48 are electrically connected by cable 39, and are more fully described below in reference to FIG. 6 or 7. Cover plate 28 also includes two switches 32 and 33 which are used to control the operation of the cable analyzer in the learn and test mode, and which are used for purposes of displaying cable signatures, adapter signatures and terminal interconnections at the output display 30.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, each cable 16 which is analyzed by the cable analyzer 10 typically includes a plurality of small wires 11 which run between connectors 13 and 15 at the ends of the cable. Each connector 13 and 15 typically has a series of individual electrical terminals which are mounted either in the form of male connector terminals 17 or female connector terminals 27. Common connections between the terminals of connectors 13 and 15 are provided by the individual wires 11.
For example, wire 11a may provide a common connection between the first terminal of connector 13 and the third terminal of connector 15. Wire 11b may provide a common connection between the second terminal of connector 13 and the fifth terminal of connector 15 and so on. In this manner, each cable can be specially designed so as to provide a particular sequence of common connections between the terminals of the connectors 13 and 15. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 4 the wires 11 may cross over one another at one of the ends of the cable, such as at connector 15.
As can be appreciated, when manufacturing a large number of such cables it is important to verify that each cable has the proper interconnections between connector terminals. As hereinafter more fully described, use of the system and method of the present invention for documenting and checking such terminal interconnections greatly facilitates this task.
Cable connectors such as those illustrated at 13 and 15 in FIG. 4 come in various sizes to accommodate different sizes of cable. It is also common in the art that the terminals of such connectors may be numbered using any one of several different numbering sequences. For example, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 5A the connector 21 could include two columns 66 and 68 having sixteen terminals each. The terminals are numbered beginning at the lower right hand column 66 and then alternating in ascending order from the right column 66 to the left column 68, moving upwardly from one column to the other.
Another common numbering sequence used in the art (not illustrated herein) is to begin numbering the terminals at the bottom of column 66 then moving in ascending order to the top of column 66 then across to the terminal at the top of column 68 and then continuing in ascending order from the top of column 68 to the bottom thereof. Yet a third common numbering sequence is to begin numbering the pins at the bottom of column 66, then moving upward along column 66 in ascending order and then beginning again at the bottom of column 68 and continuing in ascending order to the top of column 68. Thus, as can be appreciated, there is a wide variety of connectors which can be used based not only on the size of the cable needed but also based on the particular numbering sequence which is desired.
In the system of the present invention, the connectors 18-21 of the cable analyzer 10 are interfaced to cables of differing sizes or having connectors which use a numbering sequence different from those of the connectors 18-21 by means of adapters such as that generally illustrated at 22 (see FIGS. 1-3). In the illustrated embodiment, there are four possible adapter positions which are labeled J1-J4 on the sides of top plates 24 and 25 adjacent to each connector 18-21. Each position thus corresponds to one of the connectors 18-21. For example, position J1 corresponds to connector 19; J2 corresponds to connector 18, and so on.
As shown best in FIGS. 3A and 3B, each adapter 22 may be built on a special printed circuit card 64. The adapter includes either a male plug 54 (see FIG. 3B) or a female socket 53 (see FIG. 3A) which each have a plurality of electrical terminals 56. The terminals 56B of plug 54 will mate with a corresponding female cable connector such as illustrated at 15 in FIG. 4, and the terminals 56A of socket 53 will mate with a corresponding male cable connector such as illustrated at 13.
The printed circuit card 64 is provided with a series of pins 58 which are intended to be connected in mating relationship with the corresponding sockets 57 (see FIG. 2) of one of the connectors 18-21. The pins 58 are connected to the terminals 56 by means of a wiring pattern 62 printed onto card 64. As hereinafter more fully explained, the wiring pattern 62 connects certain of the terminals 56 and pins 58 so as to provide a compatible interconnection between cable connectors 13 and 15 and connectors 18-21 on the analyzer. Thus if the numbering sequence of cable connectors 13 or 15 is different from that used on connectors 18-21 of the analyzer, the cable connectors 13 and 15 may be adapted to the different numbering sequence by means of the adapters 22.
For example, assume that the terminals 56 of adapters 22 have a numerical sequence opposite to the sequence shown in FIG. 5A, so that the numbering of the adapter terminals 56 is such that the numerical sequence of the left column is replaced by the numerical sequence of the right column as indicated at 66a and 68a in FIG. 5B. If positions thirty-one and twenty-eight (see FIG. 5B) of pins 58a and terminals 56A are connected in common as indicated by the wiring 62a and no connection is made to positions twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine and thirty-two, then pins 58a of the adapter 22a will have up to twenty-six available pin positions which follow the same numbering sequence as that in FIG. 5A. Thus, assuming that connectors 19 and 21 of the cable analyzer had a numbering sequence starting from right to left as illustrated in FIG. 5A, adapters 22a and 22b could be used to interface cable connectors 13 and 15 even though the cable connectors had a numbering sequence starting from left to right.
In a similar fashion, cable connectors having other types of terminal numbering sequences can also be interfaced to the connectors 18-21 of the cable analyzer by means of properly configured interconnections using the terminal positions twenty-seven through thirty-two. The positions are labeled "NC" because they are not connected to the cable wiring but are merely used to re-configure the numbering sequence as described above.
In the case of cables having more than twenty-six terminals per connector, adapters are used (called "double high" adapters) which connect in series each pair of connectors 18-19 and 20-21 provided on the cable analyzer. Thus, when using double high adapters the J1 and J2 positions are connected together and the J3 and J4 positions are connected together thus eliminating the J2 and J4 positions, respectively. In this manner cables of varying size and having connectors with a different numbering sequence can be easily interfaced to the cable analyzer 10.
As hereinafter more fully explained in part two of the description, each adapter can be documented and later verified by means of a unique adapter signature which is generated in the same way as a cable signature is generated. The interconnection provided by the wiring pattern 62a between terminals thirty-one and twenty-eight (see FIG. 5B) can be used to generate an adapter signature. Since male and female adapters may have the same numbering sequence, in order to provide different adapter signatures as between male and female adapters, additional terminal positions (for example twenty-nine and thirty) may also be interconnected as shown at 62b in FIG. 5C. By so doing, the male adapter 22b will have an adapter signature different from the signature of female adapter 22a, even though the remaining terminal positions (i.e., one through twenty-six) of both adapters and configured the same.
With reference to FIG. 2, it will be seen that the printed circuit card 64 of each adapter 22 is designed so that the edges of the card 64 fit within a recessed edge 46 or 47 which is provided around the periphery of connectors 20-21 or 18-19, respectively. The printed circuit card 64 of each adapter 22 is then secured beneath top plates 24 and 25.
Top plates 24 and 25 are provided with quarter turn fasteners 26 which mate with the openings 23 provided on the upper edges 21 of the housing 34. In a similar fashion, the cover plate 28 is also mounted to the housing 34 by means of quarter turn fasteners 26. Thus, top plates 24 and 25 can be quickly and easily removed by means of the quarter turn fasteners 26 when changing or removing adapters. Cover plates 27 and 28 can also be easily removed to permit repair or replacement of circuit components.
With further reference to FIG. 2, the printed circuit card 48 is attached by means of wiring 50 to a speaker 52. As hereinafter more fully described, speaker 52 provides an audible tone which assists the user in determining whether a cable which is being tested has the proper terminal interconnections or whether the cable has been improperly wired such that open or short circuit conditions are detected.
Reference is next made to FIG. 6 which generally illustrates the electronic circuit of the cable analyzer 10. That portion of the electronic circuit which is enclosed by the dashed line 44 corresponds to the circuit components which are mounted on printed circuit card 44 (see FIG. 2), whereas the portion of the circuit enclosed by dashed line 48 corresponds to the circuit components which are mounted or otherwise connected to printed circuit card 48.
As shown in FIG. 6, in one presently preferred embodiment of the system the electronic circuit of analyzer 10 includes a microprocessor 92. Microprocessor 92 may be any conventional microprocessor which is commercially available, as for example a 6504 microprocessor from the 6502 series, which is currently in widespread use and is well-known in the electronics industry.
Microprocessor 92 is connected through a data transfer bus schematically illustrated at 77 to a read only memory (ROM) 90 and a random access memory (RAM) 88. As hereinafter more fully described, ROM 90 is used to store the operating program which is executed by microprocessor 92 for purposes of learning, testing and/or documenting the terminal interconnections of each cable that is connected to the analyzer. RAM 88 is used for storage of the interim values and data generated by the microprocessor 92 as it executes the operating program stored in ROM 90. In one presently preferred embodiment of the invention (see FIG. 6A), RAM 88 is a commercially available 6116 integrated circuit (IC) and ROM 90 is a commercially available 2764 erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM).
An oscillator 94 provides the clock pulse which is used by microprocessor 92 to synchronize the operation of the other circuit components. Oscillator 94 may be, for example, a 4 mHz oscillator which is divided down to supply a 1 mHz clock pulse. Reset timer 96 is connected to microprocessor 92 and provides a reset pulse when switch 32 is closed to supply power to each of the active circuit elements. The reset timer may be, for example, an NE555 timer (see FIG. 6A), which is well-known in the state of the art. The power supply 86 may consist of a 7805 integrated circuit (FIG. 6A) which includes circuitry for rectifying and regulating the voltage supplied to the other active circuit elements.
Also connected to the data transfer bus 77 is a display unit 30. In the presently preferred embodiment the display unit 30 is a conventional liquid crystal display, such as an Epson Y16025AZ with its associated interface. As hereinafter more fully described, the display 30 is used to provide a visual indication of the terminal interconnections and cable or adapter signatures which are determined by the microprocessor 92 when analyzing a cable. In addition to the visual indications provided by display unit 30, audible tones are also provided by speaker 52. The tones are used to indicate whether the analyzer is in the learn or test mode and whether a cable which is being tested conforms to the desired design specifications which are being used as the standard for the test.
Status input port 84 is a tri-state buffer used to transfer information to the microprocessor 92 from printer interface 80 and multiplexer 72, as hereinafter more fully described. Status input port 84 is also connected to a switch 33 so that information from RAM 88 can be sequenced as it is sent to display unit 74. As illustrated in FIG. 6A, status input port 84 may be, for example, a 74LS368 tri-state buffer.
The printer interface 80 (see also FIG. 6A) provides the necessary electronic interface for connecting printer 12 to the cable analyzer 10. Printer 12 may be an Epson MX80 dot matrix printer with a parallel interface, or any other suitable printer. As schematically illustrated at 81 in FIG. 6, printer interface 80 is also connected to the status input port 84, which is used to transfer information to microprocessor 92 indicating when the printer 12 is ready to receive output information.
A decoder register 76 is connected to data transfer bus 77 and is used by microprocessor 92 to temporarily store a binary number that is used to determine which terminal on the connectors 18-21 is to be selected by decoder 70 for testing. The selected terminal, referred to herein and in FIG. 6 as the "selected test point" is then used by multiplexer 72 to identify whether any terminal subsequent to the test point is connected in common with it. As schematically indicated at 71, decoder 70 and multiplexer 72 are connected in common to each possible test point.
As more fully described below, multiplexer 72 scans the individual terminals of connectors 18-21 to determine whether any terminal which is numbered after the selected test point is connected in common with it. A multiplexer register 78 is connected to the data transfer bus 77 and is used by microprocessor 92 for temporary storage of a binary number which defines the terminal at which multiplexer 72 is to begin scanning for common connections. As explained below, the number in register 78 is periodically incremented by microprocessor 92 so that multiplexer 72 scans each terminal position subsequent to the selected test point until a common connection is found or until all points have been scanned.
In the example of the circuit as illustrated in FIG. 6A, decoder register 76 may consist of a 74LS374 integrated circuit, and multiplexer register 78 may comprise a 74LS174 integrated circuit and half of a 74LS74 integrated circuit. Decoder 70 and multiplexer 72 may be configured in any suitable manner to accommodate the number of terminal positions to be scanned. For example, in the embodiment of the analyzer illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, connectors 18-21 have thirty-two terminals each, thus providing up to one hundred twenty-eight terminal points. For this embodiment, decoder 70 may comprise four 74LS145 decoders 70A-70D coupled to each one of the connectors 18-21. Thus, in this embodiment sixteen 74LS145 decoders are used, as indicated in FIG. 6B. The sixteen 74LS145 decoders may be individually accessed by microprocessor 92 through one of two 74LS42 decoders, also shown in FIG. 6B. Multiplexer 72 may similarly comprise four 74LS151 multiplexers 72A-72D connected in common with each corresponding decoder 70A-70D, and accessed by microprocessor 92 through one of two 74LS251 multiplexers.
One example of an electronic circuit which has been constructed and used to implement the above-described schematic block diagram is illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. FIG. 6A is a detailed electrical schematic diagram showing the interconnections, part number and/or value of each circuit element used on printed circuit card 48, whereas FIG. 6B is a detailed electrical schematic diagram for the decoders and multiplexers mounted on printed circuit card 44. It should be noted that FIGS. 6A and 6B are included merely to show an example of one such circuit which has been used to implement the schematic diagram described in FIG. 6. Other implementations could be designed that would also work satisfactorily.
The embodiment of the electronic circuit illustrated in FIG. 6 is operated under the control of microprocessor 92 as it executes an operating program stored in ROM 90. Operation of the circuit is as follows:
With a cable plugged into the analyzer as illustrated in FIG. 1, switch 32 is turned on so as to supply power to the circuit. The reset timer 96 sends a reset pulse to microprocessor 92 which then powers up each of the other active circuit components. When the cable analyzer is first turned on, the electronic circuit is in the "learn" mode, meaning that the circuit will first perform the task of learning each of the common connections provided by wires 11 between the terminals of connectors 13 and 15.
In order to learn the terminal interconnections of the cable, microprocessor 92 sends to the decoder register 76 a binary number which identifies the first terminal on the first connector to be scanned. The number in decoder register 76 is then transmitted to decoder 70. The decoder 70 decodes the number and selects the terminal identified by that number by placing a logical low signal on that terminal. The selected terminal then becomes the test point which is used by multiplexer 72 for purposes of scanning the remaining terminals.
Microprocessor 92 increments the number sent to decoder register 76 by one and transmits the incremented number to multiplexer register 78. Thus, the first number which is stored in multiplexer register 78 identifies the terminal position which is next in sequence to the selected test point. Multiplexer 72 then begins at the terminal identified by the number stored in the multiplexer register 78 and checks that terminal to determine whether it also has a low signal level. If so, it is identified as being connected in common with the test point and is sent through status input port 84 to RAM 88, where it is stored as part of a linked data list, as described more fully below. Microprocessor 92 then selects the next point and the process is repeated.
If the terminal which is scanned by multiplexer 72 is not detected as having a low signal level, then it is not connected in common with the test point and the microprocessor again increments by one the number which is in the multiplexer register 78. The number in multiplexer register 78 therefore corresponds to the next terminal in the sequence so that multiplexer 72 moves to that terminal to check it for a common connection. This process is repeated until multiplexer 72 finds a terminal which is connected in common to the test point, or until it is determined that no common connections exist for that test point. The microprocessor 92 then increments the decoder register 76 so that a new test point is selected and the process is then repeated.
In this manner, each of the one hundred twenty-eight terminals of the connectors 18-21 are used as test points. When this process is completed, microprocessor 92 has stored in RAM 88 a linked data list which describes each of the terminal interconnections which are provided by the individual wires 11 between the terminals of cable connectors 13 and 15.
After the list of terminal interconnections has been stored in RAM 88 by microprocessor 92, the microprocessor uses the list to generate a unique alphanumeric or numeric code which can be used as a short form for identifying and later verifying the cable design. The code, which is referred to as a "cable signature," is generated using a mathematical relation which is designed to minimize the probability of generating the same signature for any cable which does not contain the same terminal interconnections or which uses a different type of adapter than that used in the original cable design. Thus, the "signature" of the cable is unique to that cable design and can be used to quickly verify the design, just as a person's handwritten signature is unique to that person. Hence the term "signature."
An example of one such mathematical relation which may be used is expressed as follows: ##EQU1## In the above expression, n is the number of test points provided by the connectors 18-21 of the analyzer. P is an array of n+1 elements where P.sub.0 =0 and P.sub.l, P.sub.2 . . . P.sub.n are prime numbers stored in ROM 90. R.sub.i is an array of n elements which represents the list of terminal interconnections determined by the microprocessor 92 and stored in RAM 88 when learning the cable. Except for those elements of the array R.sub.i where pointers to common connections have been recorded, all other elements of the array R.sub.i are set to 0. Where pointers to common connections are stored in the array, the value of the array element is the index (i), which is given the value of the pointer.
The manner in which the above expression is used to generate signature values may be understood best by reference to the example illustrated in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, the index "i" is used to represent each possible test point. The array for P.sub.i is formed by setting P.sub.o =0; thereafter, a prime number (one which is divisible only by the number one and itself) is assigned for each possible test point. Thus, for terminal one, prime number 103 is assigned; therefore i=1 and P.sub.1 =103. For terminal two, number 107 is assigned; therefore i=2 and P.sub.2 =107, and so on. In this manner, a table of prime numbers (called the P.sub.i array) is prepared which is then stored in ROM 90 as part of the operating program. Preferably each prime number is larger than 100.
If it is assumed for purposes of the example in FIG. 8 that terminals 2, 4 and 6 are interconnected as schematically indicated at line 82, then during the "learn" mode described above microprocessor 92 will learn the interconnections and will store them in the form of a linked data list (called the R.sub.i array). For each terminal position one through one hundred twenty-eight, the data list will contain either a zero or a number which points to the next terminal connected in common with it. Thus, in the data list of FIG. 8, for terminal position two the number four is the "pointer" since that is the next terminal connected in common with terminal two. For terminal position four, the pointer six is referenced.
To generate a cable signature using the linked data list, microprocessor 92 multiplies the prime number for each terminal position (P.sub.i) with the prime number indexed by the pointer (P.sub.R.sbsb.i), and then adds each such product. Thus, for the example in FIG. 8 the cable signature is the sum of (107.times.113)+(113.times.131), or 26,894. This sum is then stored in RAM 88 and is converted to hexadecimal form when it is output at display 30 or printer 12 as the signature.
Adapter signatures are generated in the same way as cable signatures. As shown best in FIGS. 5B and 5C, each adapter has several terminals which are not used by the cable wiring. For example, in FIGS. 5B and 5C terminals twenty-seven through thirty-two are not connected to the cable wiring 11. As previously described, these unused terminals (those labeled "NC") are interconnected by the wiring pattern 62 in such a way that the cable connectors 13 and 15 will be compatible with the connectors 18-21 of analyzer 10. The interconnections of these unused terminals are separately scanned by the decoder 70 and multiplexer 72 and are used to generate adapter signature values. As previously mentioned, different wiring patterns such as 62a (FIG. 5B) and 62b (FIG. 5C) can be used so that different interconnections and hence different signatures will be generated for male and female adapters which are otherwise the same.
After the signatures are generated and output at the display 30 microprocessor 92 then displays the message "please verify" and causes the speaker 52 to sound an audible tone which consists, for example, of three rising notes. This signals the user that the cable analyzer has completed the learn mode and is now ready to be used in the test mode if so desired. In the alternative, as hereinafter more fully described in connection with part two, the cable analyzer can also be used at this point for purposes of documenting the cable design.
In the test mode, with the cable analyzer still turned on the cable which was used during the learn mode (referred to hereinafter as the "reference cable") is removed. Microprocessor 92 then displays the message "ready to test" signaling that subsequent cables may now be verified using the data learned from the reference cable. The next cable is plugged into the connectors and the cable analyzer then proceeds to scan and record the terminal interconnections for the cable under test using the same process that was used earlier during the learn mode. Microprocessor 92 stores the linked data list which represents the terminal interconnections for the cable under test in RAM 88. Microprocessor 92 then compares the list of terminal interconnections for the tested cable with the list of terminal interconnections previously learned from the reference cable and notes any differences between the two.
If there are differences between the two lists, microprocessor 92 stores those differences in a separate list in RAM 88 and then provides a visual indication at display 30 which indicates that errors have been detected in the tested cable. The display 30 indicates whether the error is the result of an open circuit, a short circuit or whether both types of errors were detected. Microprocessor 92 also causes the speaker 52 to sound an audible tone which also signals the presence of detected errors in the tested cable. Different tones may be used to indicate whether the detected errors resulted from open circuit conditions, short circuit conditions, or a combination of both.
The location at which each detected error occurred is output at the display unit 30 by depressing the switch 33. Each time the switch 33 is depressed, the location of one of the detected errors will be displayed in terms of the terminal interconnections where such error occurred. Upon completion of testing the cable so as to verify that it either matches or does not match the reference cable, the test mode is complete. The cable under test can then be removed and another cable can be plugged into the analyzer for purposes of testing.
It will be appreciated that microprocessor 92 could be programmed so as to implement the above-described circuit operation using any one of a variety of different programming languages and programming techniques. Attached hereto as Appendix A is one such program which was prepared for use with the 6504 microprocessor and circuit as illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The attached program comprises a listing of source code in assembly language for the 6504 microprocessor.
It is to be emphasized that the detailed schematic diagrams of FIGS. 6A and 6B and the attached program listing of Appendix A are merely representative of one example for implementing the inventive concepts described herein. The scope of the invention is described by the claims and is not intended to be limited by the specific examples of the circuit or the program listing included herewith.
Another embodiment of the electronic circuit which may be used in the cable analyzer is generally illustrated in FIG. 7. In the circuit of FIG. 7, all of the interconnecting lines represent parallel data input paths except for lines 109, 119, 130, 132 and the input/output lines of OR-gates 122 and 123.
As shown in FIG. 7, a clock 124 is connected as schematically indicated at 119 to counters 116 and 118. Clock 124 provides a clock pulse used for purposes of periodically incrementing the count of each counter. As schematically indicated at line 127, the count from counter 116 is input to decoder 112. The count from counter 116 is used to determine which test point will be selected by decoder 112, which then drives the selected test point to a logical low signal level in the same manner as previously described in connection with decoder 70 of FIG. 6.
The count from counter 116 is also input, as indicated at line 113, to a unit adder 120 which increments the count by one. The incremented count is input from counter 118 to multiplexer 114 so that multiplexer 114 will begin scanning at the terminal that is next in numerical sequence to the test point selected by decoder 112.
If the terminal scanned by multiplexer 114 has a low signal level on it, it is connected in common to the test point selected by decoder 112. The low signal detected by multiplexer 114 is input as indicated at 126 to an OR-gate 122. OR-gate 122 enables counter 116 through line 115 when either a common connection has been found, which is sensed on line 126, or when the multiplexer has finished scanning the remaining terminals, which is sensed on line 128 when counter 118 finishes its count. The output of OR-gate 122 is also connected to another OR-gate 123 which preloads counter 118 each time the count of counter 116 is incremented. The process can then be repeated for the next test point.
If the terminal scanned by multiplexer 114 is not connected in common so that it does not contain a low signal level, OR-gate 122 is disabled so that counter 116 is not incremented. Meanwhile counter 118 continues to count so that multiplexer 114 will scan the next terminal in the sequence.
When the multiplexer 114 determines a common connection, counters 116 and 118 are caused by OR-gate 122 to access the table of prime numbers stored in ROM 110 and ROM 111, respectively. The table of prime numbers stored in ROM 110 are indexed by the value from counter 116, and thus correspond to the P.sub.i array previously described. The table of prime numbers stored in ROM 111 are indexed by the value of counter 111, and correspond to the P.sub.R.sbsb.i array.
The prime numbers from ROM 110 and ROM 111 are input to a multiplier 108 where the prime numbers are multiplied. The product of the two prime numbers is then input to an adder 106 which then adds that product to any previously calculated sum stored in register 104. For example, each time multiplexer 114 detects a common connection on line 109, register 104 inputs on line 105 the sum stored therein to adder 106. That sum is then added to the product from multiplier 108, thus updating the sum of the products. Accordingly, after all the test points have been scanned the value contained in register 104 will correspond to the sum of the products of P.sub.i and P.sub.R.sbsb.i.
When counter 116 reaches the last test point, a signal is provided as indicated on line 132 which indicates completion of the learn mode. The signature value from output register 104 can then be input to a display unit 30. Counters 116 and 118 and output register 104 can be cleared by a signal input as indicated at lines 130 so that the circuit can be used for checking the terminal interconnections of the next cable.
As can be appreciated from the circuit illustrated and described in connection with FIG. 7, the electronic circuitry of analyzer 10 can be implemented in a variety of different ways. The system and method of the present invention are especially designed so that in the event one or more errors are detected in a cable, the resulting signature of the defective cable will not match the cable signature that is documented for the correct cable design.
The mathematical expression used in the system and method of this invention positively assures that the defective cable will have a different signatre value if the defective cable has up to three errors or if there is an odd number of errors which occur in the defective cable. While there is a possibility that under some circumstances the defective cable could generate a signature value that matches the cable signature of a documented design, the probability of an erroneous match occurring is very small. For example, if a defective cable had four errors in it, the probability of generating a signature for the defective cable which would match the cable signature of the documented design would be about one in eight million.
The above-described mathematical expression is able to effectively minimize the possibility of incorrectly duplicating a correct signature value from a defective cable because of the way in which the prime numbers are manipulated. Since the product of two prime numbers is always an odd number, and since the sum of an even number of odd numbers always results in an even number whereas the sum of an odd number of odd numbers always results in an odd number, cable signatures will be odd or even values depending upon whether the cable design has an odd or even number of terminal interconnections.
Therefore, whenever a defective cable has an odd number of errors in it, the signature for the defective cable will be the opposite of the signature documented for that cable design. For example, if the documented cable signature is even, the defective cable will have an odd signature value and vice versa.
The above-described mathematical expression is intended to be only illustrative and any mathematical relation which effectively minimizes the probability of incorrectly duplicating a documented cable signature could be used for purposes of the system and method of the present invention.
Reference is next made to part two of the description, wherein the method of the present invention is described in greater detail.
II. The Method
The method of the present invention is best understood by reference to FIG. 1. After a cable having a new design has been constructed, it is important to document the new cable design for future reference. The new cable is plugged into the cable analyzer 10 using the appropriate adapters 22 and then switch 32 is turned on so as to place the cable analyzer 10 in the learn mode.
The microprocessor 92 then proceeds to scan each of the terminal positions as described earlier so that a list is stored in the RAM 88 which describes the common terminal interconnections. Microprocessor 92 then proceeds to generate the cable signature and adapter signatures which are also stored in RAM 88. As described in part one above, after the cable and adapter signatures have been generated and stored in RAM 88, the microprocessor 92 displays a message at display 30 which reads "please verify." Microprocessor 92 also causes speaker 52 to sound an audible tone such as a series of three rising notes which serve to indicate that the terminal interconnections for the new cable have been learned.
The terminal interconnections, cable signature and adapter signatures can be quickly documented using the printer 12. By pressing the display advance switch 33, the cable and adapter signatures stored in RAM 88 and the list of terminal interconnections stored in RAM 88 are output by microprocessor 92 and printed at printer 12. The format for the printed documentation is illustrated in FIG. 9.
As shown in FIG. 9, the documentation includes cable signature 98 and the adapter signatures 100-101 which correspond to the adapters used at the selected adapter positions. As previously described, each of the signatures 98, 100 and 101 may be represented, for example, in hexadecimal form.
The list of terminal interconnections is printed as generally indicated at 102. The list identifies each adapter position, as for example J1 and J3, as well as the common connections which are detected by the cable analyzer. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 9, for a cable which is connected to the cable analyzer at adapter positions J1 and J3, the common terminal connections between the J1 and J3 positions may be documented as follows: terminal 01 of J1 connected to terminal 02 of J3; terminal 02 of J1 connected to terminal 04 of J3; terminal 03 of J1 connected to terminal 06 of J3, and so on.
The documentation format printed by printer 12 may also include additional space as indicated at 103 and at 99 which can be used to record other information such as designated part numbers, connector descriptions or other pertinent information which may be desired for purposes of fully documenting the cable design.
If the optional printer 12 is not used with the cable analyzer, the documentation may be prepared by hand. In order to do so, the display advance switch 33 is depressed which causes the cable signature to appear at the display 30. The next time the display advance switch 33 is depressed, the adapter signature for the first adapter position is displayed. Switch 33 is again depressed in order to display the adapter signature for the second adapter position. Thereafter, the cable analyzer will begin to display the sequence of terminal interconnections so that by using the switch 33 the entire list of terminal interconnections can be displayed in sequence. In this manner, each of the signature values as well as the list of terminal interconnections can be read from display 30 and recorded by hand.
After the cable design has been recorded, the documentation is filed as indicated at 40 in a loose leaf binder 14 or other suitable filing system. As described more fully below, the recorded documentation is later used to verify the reference cable when a subsequent batch of cables has been manufactured in accordance with the documented design.
When a subsequent batch of cables has been manufactured the cable analyzer 10 can be used to quickly verify that each cable in the batch has the proper terminal interconnections as specified in the documented cable design. The first cable in the batch is used as a reference cable. The reference cable is plugged into the cable analyzer 10 using the appropriate adapters 22 which are positioned at the proper adapter positions, as for example J1 and J3, which correspond to connectors 19 and 21. Switch 32 is then turned on placing the cable analyzer 10 in the learn mode.
Microprocessor 92 then proceeds to scan and learn each of the terminal interconnections using the same process which has been described above. After the terminal interconnections of the reference cable have been learned and stored in RAM 88, the cable and adapter signature values are generated and stored in RAM 88. Microprocessor 92 then displays the cable signature of the reference cable along with the message "please verify" and sounds the audible tone which signals that the learn mode is complete. The user then checks the cable signature which is output at display 30 with the cable signature 98 (see FIG. 9) which was previously printed and documented in the loose leaf filing system 14.
If the cable signature values match, the reference cable will have the same design as that which was documented, including the same terminal interconnections, adapters and adapter positions. If the cable signature at the display 30 does not match the cable signature 98 which was previously documented for that cable design, the user may proceed to verify whether proper adapters 22 have been used and whether the adapters were connected at the proper positions of the cable analyzer 10. This may be done by depressing the display advance switch 33 so as to output in sequence each adapter signature at the display 30. If the adapter signatures at display 30 match the adapter signatures 100-101 documented for the cable design, the user then knows that the signature of the reference cable doesn't match the documented signature because the reference cable has improper terminal connections. The user may discard that cable so that another cable from the batch may be verified and used as the reference cable.
Once the cable signature of the reference cable has been verified so that it matches the documented cable signature for the intended design, the remaining cables in the batch can be very quickly tested to verify proper design. In order to do so, the reference cable is removed from the cable analyzer. Microprocessor 92 then displays the message "ready to test" at display 30. The next cable from the batch is then plugged into the cable analyzer and microprocessor 92 proceeds to learn the terminal interconnections for that cable. The terminal interconnections for the cable under test are stored in RAM 88 and microprocessor 92 then compares the list of terminal interconnections for the cable under test with the list of terminal interconnections previously learned from the reference cable.
If there are any differences between the two lists, microprocessor 92 displays an appropriate error message. For example, if terminal interconnections are missing, the error message "opens detected" is displayed. If interconnections are shorted together, the message "short detected" is displayed. If the wrong terminals were connected in common the message "errors detected" is displayed. The system user can then either print a list of such differences identified in terms of the terminal interconnections where the errors were detected, or if the optional printer 12 is not used then the system user can sequentially display the list of differences by sequentially depressing the display advance switch 33.
If the list of terminal interconnections stored in RAM 88 for the cable under test matches the list of terminal interconnections for the reference cable, microprocessor 92 outputs at display 30 the message "good cable" thus indicating that the cable under test has the proper design.
As indicated above, the system and method of the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The embodiments and examples described herein are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is therefore indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. ##SPC1##
Claims
What is claimed and desired to secured by United States Letters Patent is:
1. A method of documenting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a newly designed cable and for later checking the terminal interconnections for each wire of another cable that is to be used as a reference cable for checking subsequent cables so as to verify that the terminal interconnections of said cables are the same, said method comprising the steps of: electronically determining the terminal interconnections for said newly designed cable; electronically generating a unique cable signature based on the terminal interconnections determined for said newly designed cable; documenting said cable signature and the terminal interconnections for said newly designed cable; electronically determining and storing the terminal interconnections for said reference cable; electronically generating a unique cable signature based on the terminal interconnections determined for said reference cable; comparing said cable signature of said reference cable to said cable signature documented for said newly designed cable so as to verify that said reference cable has the same signature as the newly designed cable; and thereafter electronically determining and comparing the terminal interconnections for each said subsequent cable to the terminal interconnections stored from said verified reference cable.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the steps of: electronically storing a list which describes said terminal interconnections for said newly designed cable; and electronically storing said cable signature determined for said newly designed cable.
3. A method as defined in claim 2 wherein said step of documenting said cable signature and said terminal interconnections for said newly designed cable comprises the step of printing said cable signature and said list of terminal interconnections for said newly designed cable.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of: displaying each interconnection for each said subsequent cable which differs from the interconnections determined for said reference cable.
5. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the steps of: electronically monitoring the terminal interconnections of each said cable for conditions of discontinuity and short circuits; electronically storing a list of terminal interconnections for each interconnection where one of said conditions is detected; and displaying said list of terminal interconnections for each interconnection where one of said conditions is detected.
6. A method as defined in claim 4 further comprising the step of printing said list of interconnections which describes said differences.
7. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein each said cable comprises connectors at the ends thereof, each said connector comprising a plurality of terminals numbered in a particular sequence, and wherein said method further comprises the step of connecting an adapter to at least one end of each said cable so that said end of said cables may be interconnected to another connector having a different numbering sequence than that of said connector at said end of said cables.
8. A method as defined in claim 7 further comprising the steps of: electronically determining the terminal interconnections for said adapter; electronically generating a unique adapter signature based on the terminal interconnections determined for said adapter; and documenting said adapter signature.
9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein said step of documenting said adapter signature comprises the step of printing said adapter signature with the cable signature and termination interconnections determine for said newly designed cable.
10. In an apparatus comprising detection means for electronically detecting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a cable, storage means for electronically storing data representing said terminal interconnections, processor means for electronically processing said data and output means for outputting information derived from said data, a method of documenting and comparing terminal interconnections for a plurality of cables, said method comprising the steps of: electrically connecting the ends of a newly designed first cable to the detection means of said apparatus; electronically detecting with said detection means the terminal interconnections for said first cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections detected for said first cable; electronically processing with said processor means the data which represents said list of terminal interconnections for said first cable, whereby a unique cable signature is derived for said first cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents the cable signature derived for said first cable; documenting said list of terminal interconnections for said first cable with the cable signature derived for said first cable; electrically connecting the ends of a second cable selected as a reference cable to the detection means of said apparatus; electronically detecting with said detection means the terminal interconnections for said second cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections determined for said second cable; electronically processing with said processor means the data which represents said list of terminal interconnections for said second cable, whereby a unique cable signature is derived for said second cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents the cable signature derived from said second cable displaying at said output means a visual indication of the cable signature derived for said second cable; and comparing the cable signature displayed for said second cable with the cable signature documented for said first cable so as to verify that the signatures match, thereby verifying said second cable as a valid reference cable.
11. A method as defined in claim 10 wherein said detection means comprises a pair of connectors, each said connector having a plurality of terminals numbered in a first sequence, and wherein said cables each comprise connectors at the ends thereof which are intended to mate with the connectors of said detection means, at least one of the connectors of each said cable comprising a plurality of terminals numbered in a second sequence and each said step of electrically connecting the ends of said first and second cables to said detection means comprising the steps of: connecting one end of an adapter to the connector of said cable; and connecting the other end of said adapter to one of the connectors of said detection means.
12. A method as defined in claim 11 further comprising the steps of: electrically connecting the ends of the adapter used on said first cable to said detection means; electronically detecting with said detection means the terminal interconnections for the adapter used on said first cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections detected for said adapter used on said first cable; electronically processing with said processor means the data which represents said list of terminal interconnections for said adapter used on said first cable, whereby a unique adapter signature is derived for the adapter used on said first cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents the adapter signature derived for the adapter used on said first cable; and documenting said adapter signature with said list of terminal interconnections for said first cable with said cable signature derived for said first cable.
13. A method defined in claim 12 wherein said output means comprises a printer and wherein said documenting step comprises the step of printing a visual indication of said adapter signature, said list of terminal interconnections and said cable signature derived for said first cable.
14. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the steps of: electronically connecting the ends of the adapter used on said second cable to said detection means; electronically detecting with said detection means the terminal interconnections for the adapter used on said second cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections detected for said adapter used on said second cable; electrically processing with said processor means the data which represents said list of terminal interconnections for said adapter used on said second cable, whereby a unique adapter signature is derived for the adapter used on said second cable; electrically storing in said storage means data which represents the adapter signature derived for the adapter used on said second cable; displaying at said output means a visual indication of the adapter signature for the adapter used on said second cable; and comparing the displayed signature with said adapter signature documented for the adapter used on said first cable.
15. A method as defined in claim 10 wherein each said step of electronically detecting said terminal interconnections for said first and second cables comprises the steps of: electronically monitoring said terminal interconnections with said detection means so as to detect open or short circuit conditions for any of said terminal interconnections; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of each terminal interconnection where one of said conditions is detected; and displaying at said fourth means a visual indication of each terminal interconnection where one of said conditions is detected.
16. A method as defined in claim 10 wherein said output means comprises a printer and wherein said documenting step comprises the step of printing a visual indication of said list of terminal interconnections and said cable signature derived for said first cable.
17. A method as defined in claim 10 further comprising the steps of: electrically connecting the ends of one or more subsequent cables to the detection means of said apparatus; electrically detecting with said detection means the terminal interconnections for each said subsequent cable; electronically storing in said storage means data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections detected for each said subsequent cable; electronically comparing with said processor means said lists of terminal interconnections stored for said verified reference cable and each said subsequent cable; and displaying at said output means each interconnection of each said subsequent cable which differs from the interconnections determined for said verified reference cable.
18. A method of documenting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a newly designed first cable and of checking the interconnections for each wire of a subsequent cable so as to verify that the terminal interconnections of said first and subsequent cables are the same, said method comprising the steps of: electronically determining said terminal interconnections for said first cable; electronically storing data which represents a list describing the terminal interconnections detected for said first cable; electronically processing said data which describes the terminal interconnections detected for said first cable, whereby a unique cable signature is derived for said first cable; documenting said list of terminal interconnections and said cable signature derived from said first cable; electronically determining the terminal interconnections for a second cable that is to be used as a reference cable; electronically storing data which represents a list of said terminal interconnections for said second cable; electronically processing the data which represents said list of terminal interconnections for said second cable, whereby a unique cable signature is derived for said second cable; electronically storing data which represents said cable signature derived for said second cable; displaying a visual indication of said cable signature derived for said second cable; comparing the displayed cable signature derived for said second cable to said cable signature documented for said first cable so as to verify that said signatures are the same, thereby verifying the second cable as a valid reference cable against which subsequent cables can be checked; electronically determining the terminal interconnections for one or more subsequent cables to be checked against said reference cable; electronically storing data which represents a list describing each terminal interconnection detected for each said subsequent cable; electronically comparing the list of terminal interconnections stored for said verified reference cable with the list of terminal interconnections stored for each said subsequent cable; and displaying each interconnection for each said subsequent cable which differs from the list of interconnections stored for each verified reference cable.
19. A method as defined in claim 18 wherein said step of documenting said list of terminal interconnections and said cable signature derived for said first cable comprises the step of printing said list of terminal interconnections and said cable signature.
20. A method as defined in claim 18 wherein said first cable comprises connectors at the ends thereof, each said connector having a plurality of terminals numbered in a particular sequence, and wherein said method further comprises the step of connecting an adapter to at least one end of said first cable so that said end of the cable may be interconnected to a connector having a plurality of terminals numbered in a different sequence than that of said connector at said end of said first cable.
21. A method as defined in claim 20 further comprising the steps of: electronically determining the terminal interconnections for said adapter; electronically storing data which represents a list of terminal interconnections determined for said adapter; electronically processing said data which represents the terminal interconnections determined for said adapter, whereby a unique adapter signature is derived for said adapter; electronically storing data which represents the adapter signature derived for said adapter; and documenting said adapter signature for said first cable.
22. A method as defined in claim 21 further comprising the steps of: connecting a second adapter to at least one end of said second cable; electronically determining the terminal interconnections for said second adapter; electronically storing data which represents a list of terminal interconnections determined for said second adapter; electronically processing said data which represents the terminal interconnections determined for said second adapter, whereby a unique adapter signature is derived for said second adapter; electronically storing data which represents the adapter signature derived for said second adapter; displaying said adapter signature for said second adapter; and comparing the displayed adapter signature of said second adapter to the adapter signature documented for said first cable.
23. A system for documenting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a newly designed first cable and checking the terminal interconnections for each wire of one or more subsequent cables so as to verify that the terminal interconnections of said first and subsequent cables are the same, said system comprising: (1) means for analyzing the terminal interconnections of each said cable, said means for analyzing said terminal interconnections comprising: (a) means for testing each terminal position at the ends of each cable to determine which terminal positions of each cable are connected in common; (b) means for connecting the ends of each said cable to said testing means; (c) means for generating a unique cable signature based on the common connections determined by said testing means; and (d) means for outputting said cable signature and terminal interconnections determined by said testing means; (2) means for documenting the cable signature and terminal interconnections output for said newly designed first cable; and (3) means for organizing the filing said documented cable signature and terminal interconnections of said first cable so as to permit later reference thereto when verifying the cable signature output for one of said subsequent cables.
24. A system as defined in claim 23 wherein said means for testing each terminal position comprises: means for sequentially selecting each said terminal position as a test point and identifying said test point with a low signal level; and means for sequentially scanning each terminal position which occurs after said test point to determine the next terminal position, if any, after said test point at which a low signal level occurs.
25. A system as defined in claim 23 wherein said means for analyzing said terminal interconnections further comprises: means for generating and storing a list for one of said subsequent cables which is used as a reference cable, said list describing the common connections determined by said testing means for said reference cable; means for generating and storing a list for another one of said subsequent cables used as a test cable, said list describing the common connections determined by said testing means for said test cable; and means for comparing and storing any differences between the lists of common connections for said reference and test cables.
26. A system for documenting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a first cable and checking the terminal interconnections for each wire of one or more subsequent cables so as to verify that the terminal interconnections of said first and subsequent cables are the same, said system comprising: (1) a cable analyzer comprising: (a) a housing; (b) a pair of cover plates removably secured to said housing; (c) an electronic circuit mounted to said cover plates so as to be enclosed by said housing when said cover plates are secured to the housing, said circuit comprising a plurality of cable connectors, means for determining the terminal interconnections of each cable plugged into said connectors, means for generating a unique cable signature based on the terminal interconnections determined for each cable and means for outputting said terminal interconnections and cable signature determined for each said cable; (d) means for displaying a visual indication of the cable signature and terminal interconnections determined by said electronic circuit, said means for displaying said visual indication being mounted to one of said cover plates; and (e) a pair of top plates removably secured to one of said cover plates and said housing, said top plates securing one of more cable adapters between said cover plate and said top plates; (2) a plurality of cable adapters for connecting the ends of each said cable to corresponding cable connectors of said electronic circuit, each said adapter comprising means for adapting the numerical sequence of the terminal positions at the ends of said cable to the numerical sequence of the terminal positions of said cable connectors so as to provide a compatible interconnection to said cable connectors; (3) a printer electrically connected to said means for outputting said terminal interconnections and cable signature determined for each said cable; and (4) means for organizing and filing documents output by said printer.
27. In a system for documenting the terminal interconnections for each wire of a first cable and checking the terminal interconnections for each wire of one or more subsequent cables so as to verify that the terminal interconnections of said first and subsequent cables are the same, an apparatus for analyzing the terminal interconnections of each said cable comprising: means for testing each terminal position at the ends of each cable to determine which terminal positions of each cable are connected in common; means for connecting the ends of each said cable to said testing means; means for generating a unique cable signature based on the common connections determined by said testing means; and means for outputting said cable signature and terminal interconnections determined by said testing means.
28. An apparatus as defined in claim 27 wherein said means for testing each terminal position comprises a decoder and a multiplexer connected in common to each said cable connector.
29. An apparatus as defined in claim 28 wherein said means for generating said unique cable signature comprises: a first register connected to said decoder for determining which terminal position of said cable connector is to be selected as a test point; a second register connected to said multiplexer for determining which terminal position is to be scanned for purposes of determing whether said test point is connected in common to a subsequent terminal position; a first memory device for storing a list of the common terminal interconnections detected by said multiplexer; a microprocessor electrically connected to said first and second registers and to said first memory device, said microprocessor being programmed to control said first and second registers in the selection and scanning of said terminal positions by said decoder and said multiplexer; and a second memory device electrically connected to said microprocessor, said second memory device having stored therein a set of instructions for execution by said microprocessor so that said microprocessor will process the list of terminal interconnections stored in said first memory device in accordance with the following expression: ##EQU2## where n is the number of test points corresponding to the terminal positions of said cable connectors, and where P is an array of n+1 elements in which P.sub.0 =0 and P.sub.1, P.sub.2 . . . P.sub.n are prime numbers stored in said second storage device, and where R.sub.i is an array of n elements which represents said list of terminal interconnections stored in said first storage device such that each element of the array R.sub.i is set to 0 except for those elements of the array R.sub.i where pointers to common terminal interconnections have been stored in said list of terminal interconnections stored in said first memory device.
30. An apparatus as defined in claim 29 wherein said means for outputting said cable signature and terminal interconnections comprise: means for interfacing a visual display to said microprocessor; means for interfacing a printer to said microprocessor; and means for interfacing a speaker to said microprocessor.
31. An apparatus as defined in claim 28 wherein said means for generating said unique cable signature comprises: a first counter electrically connected to said decoder; a second counter electrically connected to said multiplexer; a unit adder connected between the output of said first counter and the input of said second counter so as to increment by one the count output by said second counter to said multiplexer; a clock for providing a clock pulse to the input of said first and second counters; a first memory device having a first table of prime numbers accessed by said first counter; a second memory device having a second table of prime numbers accessed by said second counter; a multiplier electrically connected to said first and second memory devices for multiplying together the prime number accessed by said first and second counters from said first and second memory devices; an output register for storing the sum of the products of each pair of prime numbers multiplied by said multiplier; and an adder interposed between said output register and said multiplier for adding the sum of sum of each said multiplier to the previous product stored in said output register.
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