US 4,608,073 AGrant
Roller Conveyor for a Glass Furnace
Issue Date:1986-08-26
•10 Claims
•5 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A glass furnace, e.g. for annealing or tempering glass, has a roller conveyor whose fused rollers rest upon stub rollers overshot by a belt which alternately overshoots and undershoots the stub rollers. A drive for the belt includes a pair of motors connected to the belt with overrunning clutches and driven in opposite senses to alternately drive the belt and thereby prevent play in the movement of the latter. The heater overlying the conveyor has a matrix array of individually or collectively controllable infra-red heaters.
Metadata
Assignee
- Casso Solar Corporation
Inventors
- James Ford
- Douglas M. Canfield
Application Information
Application Number:US 7523068
Filing Date:1985-07-03
Priority Date:1983-09-12
Art Unit:133
Classifications
IPC:
C03B 2700
Field of Search:
65118;119;132;111;162;273;348;349;350;163
Patent Drawings (5 sheets)
Description
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a glass furnace and, more particularly, to a furnace of the type in which glass articles, generally panes of glass, are subjected to a heat treatment (heating, cooling or a controlled combination of the two), as these articles are moved more or less continuously in a travel direction but in a linearly reciprocating or somewhat retrograde motion which ensures uniform heating of the article.
More particularly, the invention relates to a glass furnace for the tempering, annealing, bending or other heat treatment of glass panes utilizing a reciprocatory advance on a roller conveyor with high speed entry and exit facilities.
Background of the Invention
It has been discovered that the simple movement of glass articles through a tempering or annealing tunnel provided with heaters or means for the controlled cooling of glass is not satisfactory for many purposes and for a variety of reasons. For example, if the velocity of the glass is too low, the glass object may sag at high temperatures between rollers or a roller conveyor, or the glass may be nonuniformly heated. If the velocity is sufficient to avoid this problem and continuous undirectional movement is provided, then the tunnel must be extremely long. Conveyor systems which do not use rollers and maintain the same support surface in contact with the same region of the object to be transported prevent the contact zone from being heated to the same extend and in the same manner as adjacent noncontact zones.
Consequently, systems have been developed which, during the advance of the glass articles, impose a retrograde motion thereon so that, while the articles progress more or less continously into the heat treatment chamber and emerge more or less continuously from the heat chamber, at least while the articles are in the heat treatment chamber, they undergo a back-and-forth movement which reduces the length of the chamber required for the desired degree of heat treatment while minimizing prolonged contact between the supporting elements, generally rollers, and the glass.
Roller conveyors for this purpose have been driven in various fashions and in general it has been found to be disadvantageous to utilize the simplest drive mode for the rollers of the conveyor, namely, sprockets on the ends of the support rollers and a continuous chain meshing with all of these sprockets. Hence fairly complex systems have been developed in the art to support and drive the rollers and these too have not proved to be fully satisfactory since they do not allow for effective frictional entrainment with slip control where required or provide a drive substantially without excessive play so that the retrogradal reciprocating action can be generated without imposing response lags.
The rollers structure themselves have left much to be desired since they have not generally been readily replaceable or accessible for repair, assembly or maintenance.
Within the heating chamber truly effective control of the various zones could not be asserted in spite of relatively sophisticated techniques for monitoring and regulating temeratures.
As consequence, this field has generated a large number of patents some of which have been considered by us and which are listed below:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,867,748
U.S. Pat. No. 4,297,121
U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,937
U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,546
U.S. Pat. No. 4,332,608
U.S. Pat. No. 3,806,312
U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,836
U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,544
U.S. Pat. No. 3,338,569
U.S. Pat. No. 3,643,789
U.S. Pat. No. 3,608,876
U.S. Pat. No. 4,066,430
U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,711
U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,475
U.S. Pat. No. 4,386,952
U.S. Pat. No. 4,332,608
U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,805
U.S. Pat. No. 4,133,667
U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,053
U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,765
U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,026
U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,766
In general, while these systems attack various aspects of the problems discussed above, they have not provided a satisfactory solution to the conveyor operation, heating control and conveyor structure drawbacks mentioned previously.
Objects of the Invention
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved oven for the heat treatment of glass whereby the above described disadvantages are obviated.
Another object of the invention is to provide an oven for the purposes described with improved means for displacing the glass objects through the oven so that a more effective drive of the conveyor rollers is obtained.
Another object of our invention is to provide an improved roller conveyor assembly for a glass oven.
Summary of the Invention
These objects and others which will become apparent hereinafter are attained, in accordance with the present invention, in an oven for heat treatment of glass objects which comprises a roller conveyor extending from an inlet side of an oven chamber through the oven chamber and to an outlet side thereof, means for driving supporting rollers of this conveyor on which the glass articles (for example panes or sheets) can ride in contact with these supporting rollers which are composed of fused silica and an array of radiant heating elements, i.e. so-called infrared quartz heaters disposed in at least one panel in a matrix array above this conveyor.
According to an important feature of this invention, each of the supporting rollers, which extend across the full width of the conveyor width and are spaced apart uniformly and lying generally in a plane, is supported on a pair of stub rollers on each side of the conveyor, the stub rollers lying in a common plane below the fused silica tubular supporting rollers and engaging only the extremities thereof. Between each pair of stub rollers carrying a respective end of a supporting roller, a deflecting stub roller is provided and the drive for the supporting rollers is effected by a roller drive belt which overshoots both of the stub rollers of a particular supporting roller and undershoots the respective deflecting roller. The fused silica supporting roller rests directly upon a silicone rubber coating on an axial portion of the surface of the upper stub rollers, the coating having a thickness greater than that of the belt, the belt contacting the stub rollers along a remaining surface portion thereof.
Another important feature is that the silicone rubber coating can be machined to a tolerance of .+-.0.001"DIA., assuring that the support rollers will lie in the same plane, giving uniform support to the glass plate being displaced.
This construction has enourmous advantages over prior art systems which couple the fused silica supporting rollers less directly with the drive belt since direct frictional interaction between the fused silica supporting rollers and the stub rollers on which they are carried is avoided and the frictional coupling of the belt to the stub rollers is no longer pertinent. The rollers are coupled by the glass, thereby preventing scratching.
According to another feature of the invention, the drive belt (if only one is provided on one side of the oven) or the drive belts (if two are provided symmetrically on opposite longitudinal sides of the oven) constituting the endless drive belt means, can be driven by a pair of drive motors through respective stepped-down gearing units and overrunning clutches at opposite ends of the oven such that two drive motors are coupled to each belt and are energized to drive the belt in opposite directions with each having a variable frequency control.
Microprocessor or other computer means, preferably provided with a random signal generator or preprogrammed or selectively programmable signal generator, can be coupled to these motors for permitting the glass to oscillate in a random, preprogrammed or in an automatically selected reciprocating manner while in the furnace.
The two motors which are operated to drive the belt or belts in opposite senses are coupled to the belt through respective overrunning clutches to ensure rapid switch-over from one motor to the other while maintaining the drive belt always under tension.
Best results have been obtained with a belt which consists of a silicone rubber coated fiberglass reinforcement fabric. Of course, other belts (e.g. metal) having a high-friction coefficient,refractory and low-extensibility properties may also be used.
A pneumatic take-up unit can be provided to maintain the tension on the belt in addition to the tension provided by the motors described.
According to another feature of the invention, a display or monitor, preferably of the computer CRT or video type can be provided together with a computer keyboard to interrogate the computer which controls the oven to display, for example, the status of the heating panels to display the actual temperatures in a matrix pattern within the oven, to impose a desired set of operating conditions on the motors or the heaters, etc.
According to yet another feature of the invention, the stub rollers are mounted upon shafts fixed at one end to the open support structure, these stub rollers having bearings engaging the shaft. The shafts are formed with axial bores opening toward a wall which is removable from the support and which can carry pins engaging in the shafts to provide free-end support thereof.
These pins can carry removable centering-discs which project radially beyond the stub rollers to prevent lateral movement of the belt and, moreover, to engage the support rollers if they tend to migrate to one side or the other. These discs can be composed of metal or a low friction material such as polytetrafluorethylene (Teflon) or Delrin. A grease nipple can be provided on the pin which is tubular to allow grease to be forced between the pin and the shaft.
The removable side thus permits ready access to the stub rollers for stub roller replacement or belt replacement or maintenance.
The oven, according to the invention, can be provided with means for introducing sulfur dioxide at the entry end of the furnace, and advantageously is provided with a scanning pyrometer which sweeps back and forth across the exiting glass articles and with means for displaying the output of this scanning pyrometer to enable manual correction through the computer of the individual heaters or automatic correction of the heating effects thereof. Alternatively or in addition I may provide one or more pyrometers trained on the path of the glass through respective heaters above the path, e.g. through passages in such heaters. Preferably a PID (proportional-integral-differential) control is provided for the heaters in response to the temperature detected at corresponding locations of the exiting glass body.
According to yet another feature of the invention, the heater bank is vertically adjustable in whole or in part by fluid-operated cylinders, electric screw jacks or other elevating means also under control of the computer from the monitor and keyboard unit.
Brief Description of the Drawing
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side-elevational view of a glass-treating oven embodying this invention;
FIG. 2 is an end view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the support for the conveyor rollers of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the stub roller assembly illustrating one embodiment of this invention; and
FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the stub roller assembly illustrating another embodiment of this invention.
Specific Description
As can be seen basically from FIGS. 1 and 2, the furnace of the present invention for the treatment of glass, e.g. glass panes at an elevated temperature, comprises a roller conveyor 100 which extends through the furnace structure 200 from an inlet side 201 to an outlet side 202 beneath an array 203 of infrared (quartz) heaters and above other radiant heaters which are electrically operated.
The basic elements of the furnace structure include support posts 204,205, 206 interconnected by horizontal members 207 and 208, the latter forming one wall 209 of the conveyor support structure which will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
The posts also carry a headpiece 210 via rods 211, 212 and from the headpiece, fluid-operated cylinders (or elevator jacks) 213, 214 depend to carry the heater array 203, the cylinders acting via the piston rods 215, 216. Articulations are provided at 217, 218 between these cylinders and the headpiece 210 while articulations 219 and 220 are provided between the piston rod and the heater assembly. The full retraction upwardly of the heater assembly serves to open the furnace and provide access for repair. Otherwise the means described serve to allow the desired height of the heaters above the path to be set and/or adjusted.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 5, the heating assembly comprises a multiplicity of individual radiant heaters 221 disposed in a two-dimensional or matrix array having a number of heaters disposed contiguously across the path of the articles which move from left to right through the furnace as seen in FIG. 1. Similar rows of heaters are disposed substantially contiguously over the length of the path so that each of the heaters can be assigned a pair of coordinates representing the position of the heater in the array. A suitable number of heaters per row is twelve and an appropriate number of rows is twenty for heaters of a square configuration having dimensions of 8 inches on a side, for example, providing a furnace with a heated width of 96", for example, accommodating a maximum product width of, say, 84" and a heated length of 160" which can accommodate a reciprocating range of 136" for products with a maximum length of, say 120".
The heaters can be carried on a common support represented at 222 provided with heavy insulation along its side facing away from the roller conveyor.
Below the roller conveyor, we may provide a number of zones 223,224, etc., each of which can be provided with, say, six flatbed quartz heaters, each of which can have dimensions of 18.times.24" as may be required and which overlie the insulated bottom panel 225.
Between the bottom heaters 223, 224, etc. and the roller conveyor, it may be advantageous to provide a stainless steel sheet metal openwork pan 226 to catch anything which may drop through the conveyor or may fall from the conveyor.
At the inlet side of the furnace, we may provide a pneumatically operated entry door 227 while a pneumatically operated exit door 228 may be provided at the opposite end. The pneumatic cylinders 213 and 214 allow considerable retraction of the upper heaters from the conveyor rollers, e.g. a vertical adjustment of 2" to 12" from the conveyor path while the sidewalls can remain in place.
The roller conveyor 100, which is used according to the invention, is provided with stub rollers 102 as shown in FIG. 3 supporting the conveyor rollers 101. More particularly, the fused silica conveyor rollers 101 which cylindrical and extend the full width of the oven (see FIG. 2) rest between pairs of upper stub rollers 102 between which and below which are provided lower stub roller 103. A roller drive belt 104 passes over and under the successive stub rollers along the path so as to overshoot each of the upper stub rollers 102 and undershoot each of the lower stub rollers 103 as is shown in FIG. 3.
The belt drive 104 has a width which is substantially less than the axial length of the upper stub rollers 102 and contacts these rollers only over a portion of the axial length, the remaining portion of these rollers 102 being provided with a silicone rubber coating 105 having a thickness greater than that of the belt drive, so that the conveyor rollers 101 are supported on, and driven by, the silicone rubber coating 105, which can be machined to a tolerance of .+-.0.001"DIA., assuring that the support or conveyor rollers 101 will lie in the same plane, providing uniform support to the glass plate being displaced.
While this drive belt may be composed of any reinforcing material, e.g. glass fiber fabrics, steel fabric, canvas or even steel sheet, it preferably is formed with a silicone rubber coating which controls the friction coupling between the belt and the stub rollers 102 and 103.
From FIG. 4, it will be apparent that each of the upper stub rollers 102 may be journaled on a shaft 107 fixed at one end to the support 209 of the furnace, e.g. by nuts 108 which are threaded onto the threaded extremities 109 of these bolts after they traverse the support 209.
Each of the shafts 107, in turn, is provided with an axially extending blind bore into which a pin 112 can project.
The pins 112 are mounted upon a movable plate 113 which can be bolted to the posts 204, 206 or some other part of the support structure to provide the desired support for the free ends of the shafts 107.
The pins 112 also carry heat-resistant, low friction disks 114 which are removable from the pins and can be replaced, these disks 114 having a frustoconical configuration and a diameter which enables them to project outwardly beyond the stub rollers 102 and thereby prevent the migration of the freely resting support rollers 101 excessively to one side or the other since the conveyor support structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is duplicated on the opposite side of the furnace as well.
The lower stub rollers 103, which has a shorter axial length than rollers 102 can be journaled on similar shaft and pin arrangements and can have frustoconical end disks 115 between which the belt is confined.
By simply moving the plate 113 and the support pins 112, etc., the serviceman can gain access to the belt and all of the stub rollers for ready replacement or for maintenance activities.
The belt 104 is driven by a pair of motors 116 and 117 through speed-reduction transmissions 118, 119 of the worm type and respective overrunning clutches which are represented at 120 and 121 in FIG. 1. A pneumatically operated belt tensioner (not shown) can be provided to take up any other slack which may be generated in the belt. In practice the motors are alternately energized and when one more is energized, the clutch of the other operates in a free-loading mode so that there is no lag between changes of direction in the belt to produce the reciprocating motion previously described.
A scanner, shown only diagrammatically at 301 in FIG. 1 represents a scanning pyrometer or the like responsive to the temperature of the exiting product so as to enable the temperature profile of the glass object to be plotted longitudinally and transverse and enable control of the heaters.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the structure is essentially the same as that shown in FIG. 4, except that the drive belt 104 is now positioned midway between the ends of the upper stub rollers 102 and is flanked by a pair of silicone rubber coatings 105', each of which extends over slightly less of the axial length of rollers 102 than the coatings 105, but in all other respects are identical thereto. Since the lower stub rollers 103 are now in a midway position with respect to rollers 102, support 209' and plate 113' are stepped accordingly to keep the rollers 103 centered.
Naturally the invention also is intended to include furnaces in which the material treated does not undergo oscillatory motion. In this case, using essentially the same structure as described, one motor displaces conveyor rollers at an elevated speed to move the material into the furnace, then the same or the other motor to advance the material more slowly through the furnace and the other motor, thereafter, to displace the material at higher speed out of the furnace. This mode of operation affords a unidirectional passage through the furnace. The motors, in this case, can be variable speed induction motors whose speeds can be controlled through the appropriate speed controllers.
Claims
We claim:
1. A furnace for the heat treatment of glass including annealing, heat strengthening, tempering and bending of glass which comprises: a housing defining an elongated furnace chamber having an inlet and an outlet; a roller conveyor between said inlet and said outlet and including respective rows of stub rollers disposed along each longitudinal side of said housing flanking a path between said inlet and said outlet, a lower row of deflecting rollers below one of said rows of stub rollers with the rollers of the lower row being positioned between the stub rollers of said one row, a drive belt being looped over each stub roller of said one row and under each roller of the lower row therebetween, said stub rollers each being provided with at least one band of a heat resistant elastomeric material coating at least a portion of the surface thereof; fused silica support rollers spanning said conveyor with each support roller exclusively upon the respective bands of two stub rollers on each side of said housing, said bands being positioned relative to said belt so as to hold said fused silica support rollers out of engagement with the respective belt; means for driving said belt to oscillate glass objects carried by said support rollers back and forth in said housing; and an array of infrared heaters mounted in said housing at least above said conveyor.
2. The furnace defined in claim 1 wherein said bands of heat resistant elastomeric material are formed by silicone rubber.
3. A furnace for the heat treatment of glass including annealing, heat strengthening, tempering and bending a glass which comprises: a housing defining an elongated furnace chamber having an inlet and an outlet; a roller conveyor between said inlet and said outlet and including respective rows of stub rollers disposed along each longitudinal side of said housing flanking a path between said inlet and said outlet, a lower row of deflecting rollers below one of said rows of stub rollers with the rollers of the lower row being positioned between the stub rollers of said one row, a drive belt being looped over each stub roller of said one row and under each roller of the lower row therebetween, said stub rollers each being provided with at least one band of a heat resistant elastomeric material coating at least a portion of the surface thereof; fused silica support rollers spanning said conveyor with each support roller resting upon two stub rollers on each side of said housing; means for driving said belt to oscillate glass objects carried by said support rollers back and forth in said housing; and an array of infrared heaters mounted in said housing at least above said conveyor, said bands having a thickness greater than said belt, whereby said support rollers rest on said bands.
4. The furnace defined in claim 3 wherein said belt is disposed on said one row of stub rollers substantially toward one end of the respective rollers, and said band is disposed substantially toward the other end of said respective rollers.
5. The furnace defined in claim 3 wherein each of said one row of stub rollers is provided with at least a pair of bands disposed thereon.
6. The furnace defined in claim 5 wherein said pairs of bands have substantially the same axial length.
7. The furnace defined in claim 5 wherein said belt is disposed midway between the ends of said one row of stub rollers, the respective pairs of bands flanking said belt.
8. The furnace defined in claim 3 wherein said lower row of deflecting rollers is disposed below each of said rows of stub rollers.
9. The furnace defined in claim 5 wherein said lower row of deflecting rollers is disposed below each of said rows of stub rollers.
10. The furnace defined in claim 5 wherein said bands of heat resistant elastomeric material are formed by silicone rubber.