Air-Breather Device for Oil Casing

1. Field of the Invention:

The present invention relates to an air-breather device for an oil casing filled with oil, in particular an oil casing in a vehicle driving system, such as a final gear casing filled with lubricating oil.

In general, an oil casing incorporated in a vehicle driving system, e.g., a final gear casing, encounters a problem in that the internal pressure of the casing is increased as a result of the temperature rise caused by the operation of mechanisms such as the gears in the oil case. This often results in external leakage of oil due to the pressure differential across the wall of the oil casing. Therefore, an oil casing of this kind is usually provided with an air-breather device which relieves the internal air pressure thereby preventing external leakage of oil, while preventing the entry of foreign matter into the oil casing. The conventional air-breather device incorporates a breather plug (referred to simply as "plug" hereinunder) which cannot prevent the external leakage of oil completely. Therefore, in the conventional air-breather device shown in FIG. 6, an opening 2A of a plug 2 which leads into the casing 3 is surrounded by a member which is referred to as a breather deflector 4 (referred to simply as "deflector" hereinunder), in such a way that the deflector 4 prevents splashes of oil from directly reaching the opening 2A of the plug, thus preventing the oil from leaking through the plug 2.

In a final gear case, the oil within the case is stirred vigorously, particularly when the gears are rotating at high speeds, so that the rate of recirculation of the oil, as well as the splashing of the oil, is increased to raise the level of the oil such as to wet the deflector 4. The deflector 4 is not so effective in preventing the leakage of oil when it is immersed in a bath of oil, although it is effective in preventing the leakage of splashed oil. For this reason, in the conventional air-breather device, the position of the plug is undesirably limited. Namely, the plug must be located in a portion where there is no risk of the plug being immersed in an oil bath.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an air-breather device for an oil casing which is capable of preventing any external leakage of oil even when the breater plug and deflector are immersed in a bath of oil in the oil casing, thereby overcoming the above-described problems of the prior art.

To this end, the present invention provides an air-breather device for an oil casing filled with oil and accommodating a driving mechanism, comprising a breather plug attached through the wall of the oil casing and having a cover which is opened when the internal pressure of the oil casing is increased, a breather plug deflector disposed on the inner surface of the oil casing wall and carrying the breather plug, and a baffle plate provided on the breather plug deflector at the upstream side thereof, as viewed in the direction of flow of the oil, so as to intercept the flow of oil towards the breather plug. The baffle plate defines on its downstream side an air space into which the breather plug deflector opens, so that splashes of oil are prevented from leaking through the breather plug past the breather plug deflector.

According to the present invention, therefore, it is possible to prevent the leakage of oil without fail. In addition, the position of the air-breather device can be selected substantially with no restrictions.

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of an essential part of an air-breather device in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the air-breather device with a portion of the deflector omitted;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a baffle plate incorporated in the air-breather device;

FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of a deflector incorporated in the air-breather device of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a deflector in a conventional air-breather device.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinunder with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the final gear casing of a vehicle, as an example of an oil casing 12 to which the air-breather device of the invention is attached. As will be seen from this Figure, the final gear casing 12 accommodates a final gear 16 which consists of a planetary gear mechanism adapted to transmit the driving torque from a drive shaft (not shown) to left and right wheel axles 14A and 14B. The casing 12 is charged with oil up to a predetermined level above which is formed a free air space. The air breather device in accordance with the present invention, generally designated at a numeral 10, is adapted to be attached to the upper wall of the casing 12.

FIG. 2 shows a practical example of the construction for mounting the air-breather device 10 of the present invention.

The air-breather device 10 has a substantially cylindrical deflector 20 fixed to the wall of the casing 12, a plug 30 fixed to the deflector 20, and a baffle plate 40 which also is fixed to the deflector 20 and projects inward from the differential gear case 12.

As will be seen from FIG. 3, the deflector 20 is provided with a flange 22 which has a plug mounting portion 22A. The deflector also has a cylindrical deflector body 24 extending downward from the flange 22. An oil-stopper plate 26 disposed in the deflector body 24 has four cut-outs which are arranged at a constant pitch around the circumference of the oil stopper plate 26. These cut-outs constitute passages for air. The lower end opening 24A of the deflector body 24 is constricted so as to minimize the entry of the flow and splashes of oil into the deflector body 24. The plug 30 consists of a cylindrical plug body 32 and a cover 36 secured to an upper end opening of the plug body 32. The plug body 32 is screwed into the plug mounting portion 22A of the deflector 20, such that the lower open end of the plug body 32 projects into the deflector body 24. The plug body 32 extends out of the casing 12. A cover 36 which fits in the upper end opening of the plug body 32 is urged by a compression spring 34 such as to normally close this opening. However, when the internal pressure of the casing 12 is increased, the cover 36 is forcibly lifted to open the upper end opening of the plug body 32 overcoming the force of the compression spring 34, such as to allow the internal high pressure of the casing 12 to be relieved through the gap formed between the brim of the upper end opening of the plug member 32 and the cover 36.

As will be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the baffle plate 40 has a semi-cylindrical form matching the outer peripheral surface of the deflector body 24 and is fixed thereto by, for example, welding. The height of the baffle plate 40 is greater than that of the deflector body 24, so that the lower end portion of the baffle plate 40 projects downward beyond the lower end opening 24A of the deflector body 24.

In the assembly of the air-breather device of the present invention, the baffle plate 40 is first attached to the deflector 20 which is then fixed to the wall of the casing 12 by welding such that the baffle plate 40 is positioned on the upstream side of the deflector 20, as viewed in the direction of flow of the oil. The plug 30 is then screwed and fixed to the plug mounting portion 22A of the deflector 20.

During the operation of the final gear in the casing, the level of the oil in the final gear case is raised as a result of high speed rotation of the gears so that the deflector 20 is immersed in the oil bath. However, the baffle plate 40 effectively interrupts the flow of oil so that an air space 44 surrounding the opening 24A in the deflector 20 is formed on the downstream side of the baffle plate 40, so that the entry of oil into the deflector body 24 is prevented.

As will be understood from the foregoing description, in the air-breather device of the present invention, the entry of oil splashes into the deflector body 24 is prevented without fail by virture of the baffle plate 40 which also prevents the flow of oil from coming into the deflector body 24, even when the oil level rises far enough to immerse the deflector 20. In consequence, the present invention prevents the undesirable external leakage of oil through the plug.