US 4,493,584 AGrant
Apparatus and Process for Dowel Insertions
Issue Date:1985-01-15
•16 Claims
•7 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A dowel insertion apparatus and process is disclosed for the insertion of a plurality of joining dowels in freshly placed concrete slabs. Each dowel is grasped each by an individual inserter. Typically the inserter is mounted from a carrier and includes paired tangs having female dowel receiving ends of arcuate configuration at the lower portion thereof which female arcuate ends precisely mate to and receive the dowels. These tangs are connected at a depth above maximum concrete penetration by an electromagnet. A vibrator is attached to the inserter to liquefy the concrete. A dowel storage bin with distributing conveyor enables a row of inserters mounted to a carrier to distribute a plurality of dowels between two intended joints simultaneously, the dowels being evenly distributed the width of any contraction joint.
Metadata
Assignee
- Guntert & Zimmerman Const. Div., Inc.
Inventor
- Ronald M. Guntert
Application Information
Application Number:US 6205321
Filing Date:1984-06-14
Priority Date:1981-12-17
Art Unit:356
Classifications
IPC:
E01C 2304
Field of Search:
4041572;87;100;114;74;88;129256.5
Patent Drawings (7 sheets)
Description
Other objects, features and advantage of this invention will become more apparent after referring to the following drawings and attached specifications in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a single inserter according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a conveyor for conveying rods into positions for grasping by a plurality of inserters, the conveyor here being shown connected to a magazine;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a matrix of inserters mounted for picking up and thereafter inserting a group of rods; and
FIGS. 4A-4E are a cartoon series illustrating a slip form concrete paving machine operating in cycle with the dowel inserter of this invention.
FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the rod release mechanism of this invention at the bottom of the conveyor;
FIGS. 5B, 5C and 5D are a cartoon series in side elevation section illustrating the release of rods according to this invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, rod inserter A of this invention is shown in perspective overlying concrete slabs 10 and 11 with dowel 14 extending across a contraction joint area between the panels. The reader will realize that the contraction joint has not been yet placed. The contraction joint is only schematically shown so that placement of the dowel in the panel across the joint is fully understood.
Typically, one portion 16 of the dowel 14 is greased, painted or otherwise coated. The remaining portion 17 of the dowel 14 is not coated. Curing of the concrete causes portions 17 of dowel to key to slab 10. The coated portion of the dowel 11 is free to work in contraction and contraction when either curing contraction or thermal expansion.
It is important that dowel 14 be normal to the plane of the contraction joint between the slabs 10, 11. Thus toward and away contraction can be accommodated without the destruction of the panels from the edges as previously described.
It will be realized that should a group of dowels 14 be randomly skewed, working of the two slabs 10 and 11 would change the spacial distances between the slabs at the points of dowel joinder. Slabs 10 and 11 would chip and splay at their edges resulting in reduced joint life.
In the portion of the description that follows, the construction of a single dowel inserter will first be set forth. Thereafter, a conveyor for dispersing a group of rods will be described. Then the construction of group inserters for grasping and thereafter inserting the dowels between freshly poured panels will be set forth. Finally and with reference to a cartoon series of drawings, the discrete steps in the dowel inserting process will be set forth.
Dowel Inserter
A typical dowel inserter A includes inserter support beam 24 dependingly supporting individual inserter support plate 25. Typically four rubber shock isolaters 26 concentrically mounted to bolts 27 support plate 25 from plate 24. Isolaters 26 insulate the vibration of vibrator V from the support 24 so that the vibrational energy of the hydraulic vibrator can be usefully confined to the vicinity of the inserter. As hereinbefore set forth, the failure to install insulators has resulted in failure of the prior art devices.
Support plate 25 has conventionally joined two tangs 30. Tangs 30 at the upper end thereof define a square or round aperture 32 into which vibrator V is received. Aperture 32 has mounted thereto clamps such that vibrator V is firmly captured therein so the vibrational energy is readily transferred to the tangs 30.
An electromagnet E is mounted between tangs 30. Fabrication and installation of this electromagnet is not trivial.
First, the electromagnet is fabricated so there is no relative movement between any of the parts of the electromagnet and the two tangs 30 to which it is braced and cross connected. As is apparent, the vibrator V will literally destroy the electromagnet E in case any portion of the magnet comes free from the entire assembly and begins to vibrate.
Secondly, the electromagnet in the vicinity of its fastening to the respective tang 30 is securely mounted. Relative movement between the electromagnet E and its point of mounting not only causes failure of the magnet to communicate its magnetic field to the tangs 30, but additionally also effectively destroys the magnet.
With reference to FIG. 1, each of the arms 30 has a magnetic portion 35 and non-magnetic portion 35. Non-magnetic portion 35 can be seen to terminate just above magnet E. This non-magnetic portion 34 prevents the field of the electromagnetic from being communicated upwardly to the inserter support plate 25. Magnetic portion 35 of the tang enables the field of the magnet to be communicated down to and towards the bottom portion of the tangs 35. When a magnetic circuit is completed between the lower portions of the two tangs, as by a dowel contacting the tangs, the magnetic circuit is completed and the dowel is firmly held and grasped in place.
The isolation of the magnetic field from electromagnet E from portion 34 of the inserter has an additional advantage. Typically, the vibrator V comprises an eccentrically weighted shaft mounted to bearings. The shaft is in turn driven by a motor, the motor here being shown as hydraulic. Electric motors can be used as well.
Should the magnetic field from the electromagnet E be accumulated to the vibrator, reduced vibrator life can result. I have found that any metallic particles present in or near the vibrator will be drawn to and accumulated within the vibrator bearings. Such accumulation causes rapid abrading wear of the vibrator. There results a vastly reduced vibrator life.
It will be noted that the lower end of each of the tangs 30 is provided with a rounded section 36. Rounded section 36 is configured to extend up and over a dowel. This half-round aperture is flaired so that when the inserter A comes down over a dowel 14, a gathering of the dowel to a central position occurs.
The half-rounded or arcuate portion of the tangs must be configured to precisely fit over the dowel 14. Anything less than a precise fit will not allow a stable connection and the vibrational or magnetic energy of the vibrator V or magnet M to be communicated to the dowel 14. Vibrators are preferably run at a speed (energy output) sufficient to liquefy the concrete.
Additionally, the tangs at lower portion 37 must be of sufficient length to permit dowel penetration into the slab. Consequently, the lower portion of the arms 37 are usually tailored to the specific construction being undertaken by the dowel inserter. In actual practice, they are welded in place, used for a particular job, and thereafter cut off and replaced. As those skilled in the art are aware, tailoring of the machine for a particular job is desirable.
Additionally, the lower portion of the arms 37 is provided with a relatively constant cross section. This lower portion 38 has the greatest penetration into the slab.
Having set forth the construction of the inserter, attention will now be directed to the conveyor mechanism for disposing bars for pick-up and a support for a multitude of inserters. The views of FIGS. 2 and 3 will be used.
Conveyor
Referring to FIG. 2, a magazine of cylindrical rods is illustrated having an angularly sloping section 40 extending to a vertical section 42. As can be seen, the rods are confined in single file down to a feed mechanism 43.
Sloping section 41 typically has rods 14 placed therein sufficient to constitute a complete joinder across a concrete panel. Once the rods 14 are loaded in section 40 they are released by a release handle 39. Upon release at the release handle 39, they travel en masse down to vertical section 42. At vertical section 42 they are held until released by the conveyor mechanism.
Feed mechanism 43 includes a spring loaded arm 44 maintaining each of the individual rods 14 over paired traveling endless chain belts 46. Endless chain belts have pawls 47 and keeper bars 48 sequentially fastened thereto.
In operation, keeper bars 48 pass under a rod 14 at the bottom of vertical section 42. Pawls 47 dislodge rod 14 and pivot the spring 44 out of the way. Typically, chains 46 continue movement until a limit switch 49 detects the presence of a dowel at the end of the conveyed path. The endless chains then stop.
It will be therefore be seen that the dowels are distributed at even spatial intervals fully along the length of the conveyor. It is in this disposition that they are picked up by a group of inserters A as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the process of insertion and dispensing of the individual rods 14 to the conveyor may be understood. A vertical channel 110 conveys the rods single file to a dispenser. A block 111 holds the dispensed rods free and clear of the passing chain 46, the pawl 47 and the keeper bar 48. As can be seen, the bottommost bar 14 is biased to and toward the direction of travel of the chain with a spring-loaded retainer bar 111 stopping the respective bars from falling out in an unlimited number on the surface of the chain 46. It will be noted that vertical channel 110 is provided with a forwardly angled backpiece 112.
Referring to FIG. 5C, it can be seen that retainer bar 48 passes under the bars 14 and that pawl 47 dislodges the bars 14. This dislodgment occurs against the pivoting retainer bar 111. Finally, and in the sequence of FIG. 5D, it is seen that the chain 46 causes the bar 14 as followed by pawl 47 to be dispensed on the chain while the next in order dowel 14 is held in place by pivoting retainer bar 111. Thus, the sequence of dispensing of the bars can easily be understood.
Group Mounting of Inserters
The inserters A can take a number of different embodiments. Such a differing embodiment is illustrated in the view of FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 3, beam 63 has extended on either side thereof respective support beams 64, 65. Beam 63 and support beams 64, 65 correspond to support beam 24 of FIG. 1. Support beams 64, 65 in turn dependingly support a support plate 66. Support plate 66 is mounted from beams 64, 65 by a group of isolaters 67, there being approximately six isolaters 67 for the support of five inserters A. On either side of support plate 66 at preselected intervals there are fastened vibrators V. These vibrators may be hydraulic or electric. They are shown as electric and have an electric drive motor. They are Minnick "H1200" vibrators and are here shown in opposition one to another to impart the necessary vibrations to a group of inserters A's. As illustrated here, four such vibrators vibrate five inserters A.
The amount of vibrational energy communicated to the rod inserters is important. Specifically, and dependent upon the slump of the concrete, vibrational energy of varying amounts will be required. I have found for example that where the slump is low--in the range of 1/4 inch to one inch, high vibrational energy is preferred. In this case, I use the inserter of FIG. 1. In this case, the vibrator is installed to each inserter. Such relatively low slump concrete is commonly used on airport runways and European highways.
Where, however, the slump is greater, as in the installation of domestic highways in the United States, lower vibrational energy can be used. In these embodiments, vibrators according to those illustrated in FIG. 3 can be used.
The reader will also understand that concrete is never constant in its constituent mix. Consequently, everything about concrete is variable. Precisely quantifying the amount of vibrational energy to liquefy the concrete is not practical or possible. Hence the vibrators utilized with the inserters of this invention should be variable in their energy output. They should always be able to supply sufficient energy to liquefy of the concrete as the dowels and inserters progress their way down through the slab to the point of rod insertion.
The construction of inserters A of FIG. 3 is similar to those of FIG. 1. Specifically, the inserters have magnetic portions 68 with an electromagnet E therebetween. Small stainless steel sections 69 at the top of magnetic portions 68 confine the magnetic path down the respective arms 68 and across any dowels 14 that are held by the unit. By the expedient of matching the interstitial spacing between the inserters A equivalent to the interstitial spacing between the dowels 14 disposed on the endless belt 46, it will be seen that a group of dowels may be picked up by an assembly of inserters A as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Having set forth the construction of the conveyor and the group of inserters, attention can now be directed to the process of insertion.
Process of Insertion
Referring to FIG. 4A, a slip form paver 100 having an finishing beam 101 is shown progressively applying concrete 102 between a grade level 103 and the slipping form 104. As is common in the construction industry, the machine is furnished with means that give the slipping form 104 and all other portions of the machine a reference to grade and line.
It will be understood that the dowel inserting invention can be mounted to any number of mechanisms and that the invention is not confined to the slip form paver here illustrated. Indeed any machine which rides on rails over freshly poured and uncured concrete panels will supply a sufficient platform. It is necessary that the machine be provided with adequate reference to line and grade.
Continuing on with the views of FIGS. 3 and 4A, three mechanisms attached for the group of inserters A are necessary.
First, the group of inserters must be mounted to a frame mounted railway 105 at a moving car 104 (only shown schematically in FIG. 3). This enables the car 104 to slide back and forth overlying the concrete panels.
Secondly, some means for moving the car 104 on the railway must be present. Here, hydraulic cylinder 107 is utilized. Cylinder 107 causes the car to slide forwardly and backwardly.
Thirdly, some means of moving the group of inserters A into and out of the concrete pavement must be present. A cylinder 109 is here shown causing movement of the inserters A into and out of the pavement.
Movement occurs on a vertical railway 106 (see FIG. 3). Wire brush 110 is present. The wire brush causes the ends of inserters A to be cleaned immediately after retraction from the freshly poured concrete.
Setting forth the status of the machine cycle as shown in FIG. 4A can be instructive. Specifically, the endless belt 46 has disposed a group of rods 14 for pick-up. The electromagnetic across each of the inserters has been turned on and the inserters have come down on and over the respective dowels 14. At this particular time the vibrators are off. Dowels 14 have been slightly elevated by the inserters.
Referring to FIG. 2, and underlying each rod 14 as positioned on the conveyor, there will be seen to be resilient pads 38. It will be appreciated that hydraulic cylinders such as cylinders 109 typically have a slight overstroke. Once such an overstroke is present, tangs 30 must be able to grip their respective rods 14 and make the required magnetic connection without causing rod or conveyor breakage. Resilient pads 38 permit this overstroke to exist without causing machine failure.
Referring to FIG. 4B, slabs 10, 11 are shown with an contraction joint area 15 therebetween. Hydraulic cylinder 107 has commenced to expand so as to maintain car 104 stationary over the contraction joint area 15 between slabs 10, 11, it being realized that the contraction joint will not be installed until after the rods are inserted. The dowels 14 are held by the inserter A immediately over the joint area 15. Note that at this juncture, it is possible for observation of the dowels relative to the joint area 15 to occur.
Referring to FIG. 4C, the inserters A will have lowered the dowels 14 across the intended joint 15 between slabs 10, 11. The magnets E will remain on and the vibrator V will be turned on immediately before insertion commences. Typically, the three stage cylinder 107 is released and the carriage allowed to freely wheel along the railway 105 so that there is no relative movement between the group of inserters A and the passing concrete slabs 10, 11.
It is important to note that the vibrational energy imparted has the effect of fluidizing the concrete. Specifically, the concrete is fluidized in and around the rod 14 and the inserter A. Thus the dowel freely passes into and through the freshly poured concrete slab along a full fluidized path. The respective solid and fluid areas are denominated on the drawing by a wavy line surrounding inserter A and are only illustrative of the state of the slab when dowel 14 has arrived at its full depth of penetration.
Insertion in actual practice occurs to a depth as required by specification for a particular job. By way of example insertion could be approximately half of the slab width, in the illustrated case in the order of five inches of a ten inch slab.
It is an important aspect of this invention that the disclosed vibrations do not interfere with the slab. In fact, the apparatus and process leaves the surface of the slab substantially undisturbed and does not effect or segregate either the aggregate, cement or sand constituents of the concrete.
Referring to FIG. 4D, retraction of the inserters A is illustrated. In the sequence, the dowels 14 are placed. The magnet is turned off and the retractors moved a small distance. Thereafter when the tangs of the retractors clear the dowels, the vibrators are restarted.
It is at this juncture that the process has some rather subtle features. Once vibration is ceased and the dowel 14 released, what was a relatively fluidized concrete mixture becomes immediately solidified. The dowel 14 is captured by the concrete mass in precisely the alignment it had when the vibration ceased. Naturally and when the electromagnetic force which maintains the dowel to the inserter is turned off, retraction of the inserter A leaves the dowel 14 firmly and accurately embedded within the concrete.
It is to be noted over the prior art chair mechanism that it is the dowel that is inserted to the preexisting slab of concrete. It is not the concrete being poured around the dowel. There results a dowel 14 which can only be maintained in the concrete in the disposition it was placed.
Further, and after the inserters A have cleared the dowel 14 by even a small distance, vibration is recommenced. At this juncture, the inserter A fluidizes the concrete about its respective arms. The concrete therefore flows and occupies the volume occupied by the inserter as it is withdrawn. In short, fluidized concrete fills into the path of the withdrawn inserter.
Referring to FIG. 4F, cylinder 107 is shown with drawing carriage 104 and inserters A over the wire brush 110. Wire brush 110 cleans the bottom of the inserters of any cement or grout that may remain thereon and enables a clean metal-to-metal contact to occur when the next rods are picked up. At the same time, the oscillating finishing beam 101 finishes over the surface of the concrete. Any blemish left in the slab by the withdrawal of the inserters A is avoided.
It is preferred to leave the vibrators on during the wire brushing of the concrete. It will be remembered that the vibrators function to fluidize the concrete. Concrete on the bottom of the tangs 30 will be fluidized also. In the fluidized states, the wire brushing has the maximum cleaning effect.
After the tangs have been wire-brushed, the vibrators and the electromagnets are both off. The sequence is then restarted.
It will be apparent having skill in the arts that this invention will admit of a number of modifications. Morover, the precise sequence of electromagnetic controls and the like are believed to be well within the skill of those ordinarily acquainted with the art.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for inserting a dowel at an intended joint in a freshly placed concrete slab comprising: a support member; first and second dowel arms secured to and vertically depending from said support member, a lower portion of each of said dowel arms having the property of conducting a magnetic field, said dowel arms having lower ends configured to engage the dowel; means, mounted between said lower portions of said dowel arms at a point spaced apart from said lower ends, for applying a magnetic field to said lower portions to retain a dowel to said lower ends of said dowel arms; means for inserting said dowel arms and the dowel retained by said dowel arms therewith into the freshly placed concrete slab; and means for vibrating said dowel arms and the retained dowel therewith during their insertion into the freshly placed concrete slab, said vibrating means arranged and adapted to fluidize said freshly placed concrete during the insertion.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said magnetic field applying means includes an electromagnet mounted between said first and second dowel arms.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising vibration isolation means for vibrationally isolating said vibrating means from said inserting means.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said inserting means includes a support beam and said vibrationally isolating means includes a plurality of shock isolators mounted between said support beam and said support member.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said vibrating means is mounted to said support member.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second dowel arms include upper portions of non-magnetic material to concentrate the magnetic field within said lower dowel arm portions to enhance the magnetic attraction between the dowel arms and the dowel.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said lower ends of said dowel arms have dowel receiving concavities formed therein.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said lower ends of said dowel arms are configured for complementary mating engagement with the dowel.
9. The appartus of claim 8 wherein said lower ends have an arcuate contour.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of pairs of said first and second dowel arms mounted to said support member.
11. Apparatus, mounted to and adapted for use with a concrete paving machine, for inserting a plurality of dowels at spaced apart points along an intended joint in a freshly placed concrete slab, the apparatus comprising: a dowel magazine assembly mounted to the paving machine comprising: a dowel magazine adapted to house a plurality of dowels and serially present the dowels at a dowel pick up point; a dowel conveyor arranged and adapted to serially strip the dowels from the dowel pick up point and load the dowels on the conveyor at predetermined intervals; and means for stopping the dowel conveyor when a predetermined number of dowels have been loaded on said dowel conveyor; and a dowel insertion assembly mounted to the paving machine comprising: a support member; a plurality of sets of first and second dowel arms dependingly mounted to said support member at said predetermined intervals, a lower portion of each of said dowel arms having the property of conducting a magnetic field, said dowel arms having lower ends configured to engage the dowels; means for movably transporting said support member and said dowel arms therewith between a first position at said dowel conveyor and a second position spaced apart from said dowel conveyor; means, mounted between said lower portions of said sets of dowel arms at points spaced apart from said lower ends, for applying a magnetic field to said lower portions to secure dowels to said lower ends of said sets of dowel arms; means for inserting said sets of dowel arms and the dowels secured to said sets of dowel arms into the freshly placed concrete slab; and means for vibrating said sets of dowel arms and the dowels secured thereto during their insertion into the freshly placed concrete slab, said vibrating means arranged and adapted to fluidize said freshly placed concrete during said insertion.
12. The dowel support apparatus of claim 11 further comprising means for cleaning the lower ends of said sets of dowel arms.
13. Apparatus, mounted to and adapted for use with a concrete paving machine, for inserting a plurality of dowels at spaced apart points along an intended joint in a freshly placed concrete slab, the apparatus comprising: means, mounted to the paving machine, for providing dowels at a dowel pick-up location; a support member mounted to the paving machine; first and second dowel arms secured to and vertically depending from said support member; means for releasably securing a dowel to said lower ends of said dowel arms; means for inserting said dowel arms, and the dowel secured to said dowel arms therewith, into the freshly placed concrete slab and for withdrawing said dowel arms from the concrete slab thereafter; means for vibrating said dowel arms, and the dowel secured thereto, during their insertion into the freshly placed concrete slab, said vibrating means arranged and adapted to fluidize said freshly placed concrete during the insertion; and means for cleaning concrete from the lower ends of said dowel arms.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said releasably securing means includes an electromagnet mounted between said dowel arms.
15. A process for inserting a dowel at an intended joint of a freshly poured concrete slab comprising the following steps: magnetically grasping the dowel at the lower ends of first and second spaced apart dowel arms; positioning the dowel arms and dowel therewith over the intended joint of the freshly poured concrete slab; inserting said dowel arms and dowel therewith into the concrete slab along a generally vertical path; releasing the dowel while inserted within the concrete slab; withdrawing the dowel arms from the concrete slab; and vibrating said dowel arms and dowel therewith during at least a substantial portion of said inserting step.
16. The process of claim 15 further comprising the step of cleaning the lower ends of the first and second dowel arms following the withdrawing step.
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